(RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS)

MODULE 4: MILITARY LEADERSHIP

for MS-1

MAJ MELANIE GABUAT-ANTONIO, 0-148951

Writer/Instructor

FOR THE LEARNER:

This module was designed to provide you with meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace
and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning
resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts:
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

WHAT IS IT This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson.

WHAT’S MORE This comprises activities for

independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.

WHAT I CAN DO This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skills into real life situations or concerns.
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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
(LEARNING OBJECTIVES)
At the end of the lesson the learner should be able to:
• Define the important terms used in Military Leadership
• Value the importance of Leadership Traits
• Understand the Leadership Principles
• Recognize the Indicators of Leaderships
• Distinguish the Techniques of Good Leadership
• Identify the Basic Responsibilities of a Leader

SCOPE:
• Definition of Terms
• Leadership Traits
• Leadership Principles
• Indicators of Leadership
• Techniques of Good Leadership
• Basic Responsibilities of a Leader

WHAT IS IT
I. DEFINITION OF TERMS:

• Command - Authority which an individual in the Military service lawfully exercises over
subordinates by virtue of Ranks and assignments or position.
• Management
– is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling sources such
as men, money, materials and machinery to accomplish the organizational mission. • Military
Leadership - Is the process of influencing men in such a manner as to accomplish the mission.
• Leadership Traits - personal qualities essential for a commander in gaining obedience, trust,
respect and cooperation of his men in accomplishing a mission.
• Leadership Principles - Fundamental guidelines for the selection of appropriate action and
orders in the proper exercise of the Command.

II. LEADERSHIP TRAITS

Traits that a Leaders should Possess

Bearing
Courage
Decisiveness
Dependability
Endurance
Enthusiasm
Initiative
 Integrity

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Judgment
Justice
Knowledge
Loyalty
Tact
Unselfishness

a. Bearing - A man’s bearing is his general appearance, carriage, deportment and conduct. The
bearing of the leader establishes the standard which affect subordinates, peers and superiors.

b. Courage - Is a mental quality that recognize fear of danger or criticism, but enables a man to
proceed in the face of it with calmness and firmness.

c. Decisiveness - A positive approach, little waste of time, objectively, timely analysis

and sound evaluation of opinions made by others all contribute to the development of
decisiveness in the leader.

d. Dependability - The certainly proper performance of duty, is a quality the leader must develop.
A dependable leader can be relied upon to carry out any activity with willing effort.

e. Endurance - The mental and physical stamina measured by the ability of withstand pain fatigue,
stress and hardship is a kin to courage.

f. Enthusiasm - Is the display of sincere interest and zeal in the performance of duties. This
requires the leader to be optimistic and cheerful.

g. Initiative - Initiative or taking action in the absence of orders, is often required of leaders. Men
develop respect and trust for a leader who meets new and unexpected situations with prompt
action.

h. Integrity - The uprightness and soundness of moral principles, the quality of truthfulness and
honesty describe integrity. A leader who proves himself unreliable or of questionable integrity has no
place in the military.

i. Judgment - Is the ability to logically weigh facts and possible solution on which to be sound
decision. Anticipation of situation avoidance of hasty decisions, and the application of common
sense will ensure success in most situations which the leader is confronted.

j. Justice - Giving every his due, being equitable, impartial and consistent in bestowing awards and
punishment. Justice involves the comparing of a rewards and the meeting out of the punishment, in
accordance with the merit of the case. Firmness and fairness, without favoritism is an essential
Quality of a leader.

k. Knowledge - Acquired the information including knowledge of the job and knowledge of the men.
Knowledge is power, nothing will attract confidence and respect more quickly and more
demonstrated. Knowledge is the ability to create self confidence within the leader himself.

l. Loyalty - Is the quality of faithfulness to country, the Army, seniors, subordinates and peers.
The confidence and respect that can be gained from superior and subordinate isimmeasurable.
m. Tack - Is the ability to deal with others in a respectful manner. The leader who display tact in
dealing with superior and subordinates encourages courteous treatment in return..

n. Unselfishness - The unselfish leader is one who avoid providing his own comfort and personal
advancement at the expense of others.

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III. THE LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES

The principles of Leadership guide all leaders. It is based on a common sense approach to
accomplishing the mission.
If the leader understand the Principles and recognizes the necessity for a working knowledge
of human behavior in order to apply this principles he will have the basic tools to be an effective
leader. A leader must bear the following:
• Know your self and seek self-improvement
• Be technically and tactically proficient
• Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your action
• Make sound and timely decision
• Set the example
• Know your men and look out for their welfare
• Keep your men informed
• Develop a sense of responsibility in your subordinates
• Ensure that the task is understand, supervised and accomplished
• Train your men as a team

a. Know Yourself and Seek Self-Improvement -

-Honest self evaluation to determine his own strengths and weaknesses is of paramount importance to
a leader. Through this process be can determine his capabilities and limitations.

b. Be Technically and Tactically Proficient - A leader must demonstrate to his men that he is
qualified to lead his unit. He must be competent in combat operations and training as well as in the
technical and administrative aspect of his duties.

c. Seek Responsibility and Take Responsibility for your Action - Armed with the knowledge
gained from honest self evaluation and with the sound technical and tactical foundation required to
perform his job, the leader must take initiative to accomplish his units mission. By seeking
responsibility, he develop himself, professionally and increases his leadership ability.

d. Make sound and Timely Decisions - The leader must be able to make rapid estimate of the
situation and arrive at a sound decision. He must be able to reason under the most trying conditions
and decide quickly what action is necessary to take advantage of opportunity as the occur.

e. Set the Example - A leader must be a good example for his men in integrity, courage,
administrative knowledge, professional competence, personal appearance and personal conduct.
Moreover, he must set the personal and professional standard for his performance.

f. Know Your Men and Look out for Their Welfare - Of equal importance to understanding himself
is the requirement for the leader to know and understand his men. It is not enough just to know your
manes, marital status, hometown and other such data. The leader must understand what makes his men
tick-their values, ideas, attitude.
g. Keep your Men Informed - This will encourage initiative, improve teamwork and enhance
morale. In the past, soldiers did not expect to be told why they were required to perform task. They
expected the fact that their leader and they performed as required. By keeping them informed , you
will reduce fear and rumors.

h. Develop a Sense of Responsibility in Your Subordinates - Another way to show your men that
you are interested in their welfare is to give them the opportunity for professional development.
Delegation of authority commensurate with responsibility develops mutual confidence and respect
between the leader and his subordinates.

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i. Insure that the Task Is Understood, Supervised and Accomplished - Your men must know what
is expected of them and must be informed of specific task requirements through clear, concise orders.
Be sure that your are understood by communicating with your subordinates. Men respond quickly to
orders which are clear and concise. Do not overtake and order by giving too many details.

j. Train Your Men as a Team - Issuing clear, concise orders and checking on their execution is only
part of being a successful leader. Your men must be well trained if they are to accomplish any
mission. It is the leader’s duty to train the members of his unit so they will be tactically and
technically proficient and so that they work as a team. Teamwork is a key to mission
accomplishment. It start in the smallest unit and carries through to the largest organization.

k. Employ Your Unit in Accordance With its Capabilities - Good training prepares a unit for its
job. The leader must know what his unit is trained to do, as well as its capabilities. He must employ
the unit within its capabilities. Men get satisfaction from performing task which are reasonable but
challenging, but become dissatisfied if they are given task which they consider too easy or too
difficult to accomplish.

IV. INDICATORS OF LEADERSHIP

1. Morale
2. Esprit de Corps.
3. Discipline
4. Proficiency

• Morale – is the state of mind of an individual. It depends on his attitude toward everything that
affects his fellow soldier, his leaders and Army life in general morale is closely related to
satisfying man needs.

• Esprit De Corps – is the loyalty to pride in, and enthusiasm for the unit as shown by its
members. Esprit De Corps is the unit spirit. It is the common spirit reflected by all members of
a unit and provides group solidarity.

• Discipline – is the attitude that ensures prompt obedience to order and the initiatives of
appropriate action in the absence of order.

• Proficiency – is the technical, tactical, and physical ability to do the job well. Unit proficiency
is the sum of the skills of all men in the unit welded together by the leader into smooth
functioning team.

An effective Leader is one who follows the principles of leadership with an awareness of the
forces which are influencing booth his behavior and that of his men. He understands himself, his men,
his job, and the situation.

V. TECHNIQUES OF A GOOD LEADERSHIP

a. Understanding your man

1. Study the problem of personal adjustment.

2. Be familiar with the psychological principles of human behavior that make each one of us a unique
person.
3. Analyze your men objectively and without personal bias.

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b. Aim for Military Efficiency

1. Proficiency concentrate in increasing our physical, mental and technical capabilities.

2. Discipline prompt and willing obedience to all orders both for yourself and your men.
3. Morale watch over your subordinates state of mind and feelings.

VI. BASIC RESPONSIBILITIES OF A LEADER

a. Accomplishment of the mission
b. Welfare of your men

WHAT’S MORE
Activity 1. Definition of Terms
Directions: Choose the answer from the box, then write the letter of the
correct answer on the blanks. Use CAPITAL LETTER only.
D.

Leadership Traits E.
Command Leadership Principles
Management
Military Leadership

E)1.Fundamental guidelines for the selection of appropriate action and

orders in the proper exercise of the Command.
A)2. It is the process of influencing men in such a manner as to accomplish the mission. A)3.
Authority which an individual in the Military service lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue
of Ranks and assignments or position.
B)4. It is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling sources
such as men, money, materials and machinery to accomplish the organizational mission. D)5. The
personal qualities essential for a commander in gaining obedience, trust, respect and cooperation of
his men in accomplishing a mission.

Activity 2: LEADERSHIP TRAITS

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blanks
before each number. Use CAPITAL LETTER only.
military.
A) 1. A man’s bearing is his general appearance, L)5. Is the quality of faithfulness to country, the
carriage, deportment and conduct. The bearing of Army, seniors, subordinates and peers. The
the leader establishes the standard which affect confidence and respect that can be gained from
subordinates, peers and superiors. superior and subordinate is immeasurable.
A. Bearing
B)2. Is a mental quality that recognize fear of
B. Courage
danger orcriticism, but enables a man to proceed
C. Decisiveness D. Dependability E. Endurance F.
in the face of it with calmness and firmness.
Enthusiasm G. Initiative
F)3. Is the display of sincere interest and zeal in
H. Integrity
the performance of duties. This requires the
I. Judgment J. Justice
leader to be optimistic and cheerful. H)4. The
K. Knowledge L. Loyalty
uprightness and soundness of moral principles, the
M. Tact
quality of truthfulness and honesty describe
N. Unselfishness
integrity. A leader who proves himself unreliable
or of questionable integrity has no place inthe

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J)6. Giving every his due, being equitable, impartial and consistent
in bestowing awards and punishment. Justice involves the comparing of
a rewards and the meeting out of the punishment, in accordance with the
merit of the case. Firmness and fairness, without favoritism is an
essential Quality of a leader.
N)7. The unselfish leader is one who avoid providing hisown
comfort and personal advancement at the expense of others.
B)8. Is a mental quality that recognize fear of danger orcriticism,
but enables a man to proceed in the face of it with calmness and
firmness.
D)9. The certainly proper performance of duty, is a quality the
leader must develop. A dependable leader can be relied upon to carry
out any activity with willing effort.
E)10. The mental and physical stamina measured by the abilityof
withstand pain fatigue, stress and hardship is a kin to courage.

Activity 3: THE LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES

Directions. Write A if the item contains Principles of Leadership and B if none. Write the letter of the
correct answer on the blanks before each number. Use CAPITAL LETTER only.

A)1. Know yourself and seek self-improvement

A)2. Be technically and tactically proficient
A)3. Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your action
B)4. Make sound and timely decision
A)5. Give some examples
A)6. Know your men and look out for their welfare
A7. Buy your men extra uniform
B)8. Develop a sense of irresponsibility in your subordinates
A)9. Ensure that the task is understand, supervised and accomplished
A)10. Ride in a train with your men
Activity 4: INDICATORS OF LEADERSHIP
Directions: What do think will happen to a team if one of the Indicators of Leadership is missing?
Explain briefly. They will be a messy.

Activity 5:
Directions: Differentiate the following:
A. TECHNIQUES OF A GOOD LEADERSHIP
a. Understanding your man - study the problem of personal adjustmenrt
b. Aim for Military Efficiency - morale watch over your subordinates state of mind and feelings

B. BASIC RESPONSIBILITIES OF A LEADER

a. Accomplishment of the mission - has successfully done what they wanted to do or
had to do.

b. Welfare of your men - Discipline prompt and willing obedience to all orders both for yourself and
your men.

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Directions: Enumerate and substantiates:

1. Give at least two (2) principles of Leadership.

2. Give three (3) Military Leadership Traits.

Activity 3- Essay (5 points)

Directions: Substantiate on how to become an effective leader.

Share their vision. A leader with a vision has a clear idea of where they want to go,
how to get there, and what success looks like , Lead by example , Demonstrate
integrity , Communicate effectively , Make hard decisions ,Recognise success,
Empower other and Motivate and inspire.

11. Employ your men in accordance with its capability

FOUR (4) LEADERSHIP INDICATORS
1. Morale
2. Esprit De Corps
3. Discipline
4. Proficiency
 Directions: Complete the
statement below.

How will you be able to establish yourself to become an effective leader?

Engage in honest, open communication. Connect with your

team members, Encourage personal and professional growth

Keep a positive attitude.

 Directions: How will you lead your men to become a team? Explain.

Give them the freedom to use their talents ,Guide them to work together toward a

compelling vision ,Show up as the leader and develop leaders within ,Give them

what they need to be successful ,Create an environment of fun and enjoyment.

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References:

Calonzo, Quirino S. (2007) A Handbook/ WorkBook for RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS, Military Science I,
(Instructor’s
Copy)

Module for NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS [MAPÚA-ROTC],
https://www.mapua.edu.ph/Campus%20Life/SOCIP/Assets/ROTC/rotc_student_module_1.pdf (Accessed, October
11, 2020)

http://www.molossia.org/milacademy/leadership.html

https://www.google.com/search?q=military+leadership+clipart&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiJhfuIn83sAhUJeZQKHWxWD
YUQ2-

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