Genius Series Maths 11 1 Unit-1 Complex Numbers

Unit-1
Complex Numbers

Number system 18. The set of rational numbers

1. The set of natural numbers = N p
 Q  { q : p, q  Z  q  0}
= { 1, 2, 3, …..}.
2. The set of whole numbers = W 19. The set of irrational numbers
= {0, 1, 2, 3, ….}  Q  { qp : p, q  Z  q  0}
3. The set of integers = Z
= {…, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,..} 20. The set of real numbers
= { 0, 1, 2, 3, …..} R Q Q
4. The set of negative integers 21. The set of imaginary numbers
= Z  {1, 2, 3,......}  { x : x  R  x  0}
5. The set of positive integers 22. The set of complex numbers

= Z  {1, 2, 3, .....} C   {x  iy : x, y  R  i  1 }
6. The set of non – negative integers Prime number:
 An integer p > 1 is called a prime
= 0, 1, 2, 3, .  Z U { 0 } number if 1 and p are its only divisors.
7. The set of non positive integers Or an integer p > 1 is called a prime number
= { 0, -1, -2, -3, …..}.  Z { 0 } if 1 and p are its only two +ve divisors. e.g.
8. The set of even integers = E 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, …
= { 0, 2, 4, 6, ….} Note:
1. A prime number has a total of four
 {....,  6, 4, 2, 0, 2, 4, 6,...}
divisors.
9. The set of +ve even integers 2. A prime number has two +ve

 E  {2, 4, 6,...} divisors.
3. 2 is the only even prime number.
10. The set of –ve even integers
4. All primes except 2 are odd.
 E  {2, 4, 6,.....} Composite numbers:
11. The set of non-negative even An integer n > 1 is called a composite
integers number if it has more than 4 divisors. Or an

integer n > 1 is called a composite number
 {0., 2, 4, 6,....}  E {0}
if it has more than two +ve divisors. e.g. 4,
12. The set of non-positive even integers 6, 8,9,10,12,14,15, 16, ….
= {0, 2, 4, 6,...}  E {0} Note: 1. 1 and 0 are neither prime nor
13. The set of odd integers composite.
 O  {1, 3, 5,....} 2. All –ve numbers are neither prime
14. The set of +ve odd integers nor composite.
Rational numbers:
 O   {1,3,5,...}
A number which can be written in the form
15. The set of –ve odd integers p
 O   {1, 3, 5,...} of where p and q are integers and q 
q
16. The set of prime numbers
0 is called a rational number. The set of
 P  {2,3,5, 7,11,13,...}
rational number is denoted by Q i.e.
17. The set of composite numbers p
Q  { q : p, q  Z  q  0}
 {4, 6,8,9,10,12,...}
Genius Series Maths 11 2 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
Irrational number: Imaginary numbers:
A number which can not be written in the A number whose square is a –ve number
p is called an imaginary number. Or A
form of where p and q are integers and number whose one factor is iota "i " is
q
called an imaginary number. Or any
q 0 is called an irrational number. The set number of the form ib is called an
of irrational numbers is denoted by Q i.e. imaginary number, where

p
Q  q : p, q  z  q  0  𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑖 = √−1.
Explanation:
Real numbers: Consider the equation:
The union of rational and irrational x2  1  0   1
numbers is called the set of real numbers.
The set of real numbers is denoted by R or We see that the above equation has no
solution among the real numbers, that is we
i.e. R  Q Q can not find a real number which satisfy
Or a number whose square is a non- equation (1).
negative number is called a real number. To solve equation (1), we introduced a new
Note: number, denoted by a Greek letter of
i. 0 is neither +ve. nor –ve. alphabet "i " (iota) i.e. from (1), we have:
ii. 0 is an Even Number. x 2  1  0  x 2  1
iii. 0 is additive identity in the set of real
numbers.  x 2  1  x  1
iv. 0 is not an irrational number.  x  i
v. 0 has no multiplicative inverse.
Where i  1 (called imaginary unit).
vi. Division by zero is undefined.
vii. 0 is neither prime nor composite Note: i  1 and i 2  1
For rational numbers remember the
following points: The integer powers of i can be
1. All terminating fractions are rational simplified:
numbers.
i  1 i  i  i   1  i  i  i
3 2 3
5 17 27
e.g. , , etc.
2 2 4 i 2  1 i 4   i 2 2   12  1  i 4  1
2. All non-terminating but repeating
fractions are rational numbers. e.g.
Case-I: If power of i is even. Then
write it as
1 22 19
i 
, , etc. 2 quotient after division by 2
3 7 3
3. All perfect square roots are rational e.g
i 4   i 2    1  1
numbers. e.g. 2 2
0 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 and so on.
i 6   i 2    1  1
3 3

i 8   i 2    1  1
For irrational numbers remember the 4 4
following points:
i102   i 2    1  1
1. All non-terminating and non- 51 51

i 208   i 2    1  1
repeating fractions are irrational 104 104
numbers. e.g. , e.
2. All non-perfect square roots are
irrational numbers. Case-II: If power of i is odd. Then
write it as
e.g. 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and so on.
Genius Series Maths 11 3 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
i   i .i Odd 1 imaginary part of the complex number z.
Odd
, e.g Mathematically:
Re  z   x and Im  z   y
i 3  i . i 31  i . i 2  i .  1  i
2. The set of complex numbers is
i 5  i . i 51  i . i 4  i .  i 2   i .  1  i.1  i
2 2
denoted by C or and is given by
i 7  i . i 7 1  i . i 6  i .  i 2   i.  1  i.  1  i
 
3 3
C  x  iy : x, y  R  i  1
i 99  i . i 99 1  i . i 98  i .  i 2 49
  i .  1  i .  1  i
49

3. If y = 0 then
Case-III: If power of i is negative z  x  i  0  x  0  x  R
integer. Then take the reciprocal and do
so every real number x can be written as a
the above process. e.g
complex number by choosing y = 0.
1 1 1 1
i 4     1 4. If x = 0 then
 i   1 1
4 2 2
i 2
z = 0 + iy = iy i.e. z  iy ,
1 1 1 1 1 1 which is called a pure imaginary number.
i 5      
i 5 i . i 4 i.  i 2 2 i .  12 i .1 i
Complex numbers as order pairs of real
1 i i i numbers:
   2   i
i i i 1 Complex numbers may also be defined as
Note: If denominator involves i then ordered pairs of real numbers. Thus a
multiplying and dividing by i complex number z is an order pair (a, b) of
Note: real numbers a and b written as
If i n , n  N and n > 4 is given then divide z   a, b  .
n by 4.
a = Real part of the complex number z = Re(z).
1. If Remainder = 0 then i n  1 b = imaginary part of the complex
2. If remainder = 1 then i n  i number z = Im(z).
3. If remainder = 2 then  n  1 Note:
4. If Remainder = 3 then i n  i 1. The set of all ordered pairs of real
OR numbers is the set of complex
numbers, denoted by i.e.
i n  i
the remainder obtained after n is divided by 4 
 R  R  R   a, b  : a, b  R
2

e.g
i 204  i 0  1 When 204 is divided by 4, we get a remainder 0  2. z   a, b   a  ib, z   a,  b   a  ib
i 205  i1  i When 205 is divided by 4, we get a remainder 1 z   a, b   a  ib,
Note:
z   a,  b    a  ib
 1  1 and  1 1
Odd number Even number
3. The order pair (0, 1) is called
1 1 i i i imaginary unit and is denoted by i i.e.
i 1     2  i 1    i  i 1   i
i i i i 1 i   0, 1
Complex number:
A number which can be expressed in the Zero complex number:
form of x+iy, where x, y  R and i  1 z  0  0 i   0, 0 is called zero
is called a complex number. complex number.
1 Unit complex number: The complex
e.g. 2+3i,  3 i etc. number (1, 0) or 1+0i is called unit
2
Notation: 1. If z  x  iy is any complex complex number.
number then x is called real part of the
complex number z and y is called
Genius Series Maths 11 4 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
Algebra of complex number: number in the denominator, this
1. Addition: Let process is called rationalization.
Z1  a  ib, Z 2  c  id , a, b, c, d  R. Then 5. Equality:
Z1  Z 2   a  ib    c  id   a, b    c, d   a  c and b  d
  a  c    ib  id 
( Equality of two complex numbers)
  a  c   b  d  i
i.e when two complex numbers are
 a , b    c, d    a  c , b  d 
added, then real part is added with real ( Addition of two complex numbers )
part and imaginary part is added with  a , b    c, d    a  c, bd
imaginary part. ( Subtraction of two complex numbers )
2. Subtraction: Let
Z1  a  ib, Z 2  c  id , a, b, c, d  R. Then  a, b    c, d    ac  bd , ad  bc 
Z1  Z 2   a  ib    c  id  ( Multiplication of two complex numbers)
 a  ib  c  id k  a, b    ka, kb  , k  R
 a  c  ib  id
  a  c   i b  d 
( Scalar multiplication)

3. Multiplication:  a, b   ac  bd bc  ad 
 ,  c, d    0, 0 
 c, d   c 2  d 2 c 2  d 2 
,
(i) Scalar multiplication: If
Z  a  ib, a, b  R and k is a scalar , then
k . Z  k .  a  ib   ka  ikb
 Division of two complex numbers 
is called scalar multiplication.
Note:
(ii) Multiplication of two complex
1. i2  i  i
numbers: Let
Z1  a  ib, Z 2  c  id , a, b, c, d  R. Then   0,1   0,1  i   0,1 
Z1 . Z 2   a  ib  .  c  id    0  1, 0  0 
 ac  iad  ibc  i 2 bd   1, 0 
 ac  i  ad  bc   bd  i 2  1 i 2  1   a, 0   a 
  ac  bd   i  ad  bc  2. z   a, b 
4. Division: Let z   a, 0    0, b 
Z1  a  ib, Z 2  c  id , a, b, c, d  R. Then z   a, 0    b, 0    0, 1
Z1 a  ib
 z  a  bi
Z 2 c  id
a  ib c  id Hence
   Rationalization   a, b   a  bi
c  id c  id
 a  ib  c  id 
 Conjugate of a complex number:
 c  id  c  id  If z = a + bi is any complex number then
ac  iad  ibc  i 2 bd
   a  b  a  b   a 2  b2  its conjugate is denoted by z and is
c 2   id 
2

ac  i  ad  bc   bd
defined by z  a  bi  z  a  bi

c2  d 2
 i 2  1 e.g. if z = 2+3i then z  2  3i .
 ac  bd   i  ad  bc  Note: In order to find the conjugate of a

c2  d 2 complex number, change the sign of imaginary
 ac  bd   ad  bc  part.
 2 2 
i 2 2 
 c d  c d  Geometrical (graphical) representation
Note: When we divide two complex of a complex number:
numbers, then we multiply and divide Since a complex number is defined in
by the conjugate of the complex terms of an order pair of real numbers
Genius Series Maths 11 5 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
(a, b). it follows that every complex
number can be represented by just one Explanation:
point in the coordinate plane. Conversely Let the point P(x, y) represents the
every point in the plane may be associated complex number z = x + iy in the complex
with just one complex number. Thus there plane as shown in the figure.
is a (1 – 1) correspondence between the
infinite set of complex numbers and the
points of the plane.

Draw PM OX and join “O” to “P”. Thus

OMP is a right angled triangle. By
Pythagoras theorem, we have:
OP  OM  MP
2 2 2
In this representation of the complex
number z the real part of z is taken along x-
 Z  x2  y 2
2
axis and the imaginary part of z is taken
 z  x2  y 2
2
along y-axis as shown in the above figure.
The coordinate plane itself is called the
complex plane (or z – plane). The  Z  x2  y 2
complex plane is also called the Argand’s
diagram after the French Swiss Note:
mathematician Jean Robert Argand
(1768 – 1822), who was the first to
1 m a  n a   m  n  a
represent a complex number e.g. 2 3  5 3   2  5  3  7 3
geometrically as point in the plane.  2 m a  n a  m  n a
Absolute value or modulus of a complex e.g. 5 2  3 2   5  3 2  2 2
number.
Let z = x + iy be a complex number then  3 m a  n b  m a  n b, a  b
the absolute value (or modulus) of z is  4 m a  n b  mn ab
denoted by |z| and is defined by: e.g. 2 3  5 7   2  5  3  7  10 21
Z  x  iy
Z  x2  y 2
Note: Geometrically the absolute
value of a complex number is its distance
from the origin
i.e. |z| = The distance of the complex
number z from the origin.
Genius Series Maths 11 6 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
EXERCISE 1.1
  1  i
7

Q.1. Simplify the following:

i. Sol. Given that  1  i
i 9 + i19  i Ans.
 i 8  i  i18  i
 i2   i  i2   i
4 9 Q.2. Prove that:
i107 + i112 + i122 + i153 = 0
  1  i   1  i
4 9
Sol. To show that
 1  i   1  i i107  i112  i122  i153  0
 ii L.H .S  i107  i112  i122  i153
 0 Ans.  i106 . i  i112  i122  i152 . i
 i2   i  i2   i2   i2   i
53 56 61 76

 -i 
23
ii.
  1  i   1   1   1  i
53 56 61 76

 1   1 i 
23 23
Sol.
 1  i  1  1  1  i
  1  i 23  i  1  1  i
23

 1 i 22 1  0  R.H .S Hence proved .

 i 22 1
 i 22  i1 Q.3. Add the following complex numbers:
  i 2 11
  i    1  i
11  i  3 1 + 2i  , - 2 1 - 3i 
   1 i Sol. Let:
 i Ans. z1  3 1  2i   3  6i
z1  3  6i and
 2 1  3i 
23
(iii) (-1) 2 z2
23 z2  2  6i, z1  z2  ?
 i2  2  1  i2 
23
Sol.  1 2 Now
2
23 z1  z2   3  6i    2  6i 
i 2
 z1  z2  3  2  6i  6i
 i 23  z1  z2  1  12i Ans.
 i 22 1
 i 22 i1 ii.
1 2 1 1
- i, - i
 i 
2 11
i 2 3 4 3
Sol. Let
  1  i  1 i  i Ans.
11
1 2 1 1
Z1   i and Z 2   i
15 2 3 4 3
(iv)  -1 2 Z1  Z 2  ?
15
 i2  2  i 2  1
15
Sol.  1 2 1 2  1 1 
Z1  Z 2    i     i 
2
15 2 3  4 3 
i 2 1 1 2 1
 Z1  Z 2    i  i
 i15 2 4 3 3
 i14 1 2 1  2 1 
 Z1  Z 2     i
 i14  i1
4  3 3
3  2 1 
 i2   i
7
 Z1  Z 2    i
4  3 
Genius Series Maths 11 7 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
3 3 3 1 1
 Z1  Z 2   i   i  Z1  Z 2  3  i  3  i
4 3 4 2 2
1 1
3  Z1  Z 2  3  3  i  i
Z1  Z 2   i Ans. 2 2
4 1 1
 Z1  Z 2  6     i
2 2
iii.   
2, 1 , 1, 2   Z1  Z 2  6  0i Ans.
Sol. Let
Z1   2, 1  2  i and iii. 3 3 - 5 7i, 3 +2 7 i
Z2  1, 2   1  2i Sol. Let
Z1  3 3  5 7 i
Z1  Z 2  ?
Z1  Z 2     
2  i  1  2i and Z2  3  2 7i
Z1  Z 2  ?
Z Z 
2  1   i  2 i 
   
1 2
Z1  Z 2  3 3  5 7i  3  2 7i
Z  Z   2  1  1  2  i Ans.
1 2  Z1  Z 2  3 3  5 7i  3  2 7i
Q.4. Subtract the following complex  Z1  Z 2  3 3  3  5 7i  2 7i
numbers:  Z1  Z 2   3  1 3   5  2  7i
 i   a,0  ,  2, - b   Z1  Z 2  2 3  7 7i Ans.
Sol. Let
Q.5. Multiply the following complex
Z1   a, 0   a  0i and numbers:
Z 2   2,  b   2  bi i. 8i + 11, - 7 + 5i
Z1  Z 2  ? Sol. Let
Z1  8i  11  11  8i and
Z1  Z 2   a  0i    2  bi 
Z1  Z 2  a  0i  2  bi Z 2  7  5i
Z1  Z 2  a  2  0i  bi Z1  Z 2  ?
Z1  Z 2  a  2  0  b i Z1  Z 2  11  8i    7  5i 
Z1  Z 2   a  2   bi Ans.  Z1  Z 2  77  55i  56i  40i 2
 Z1  Z 2  77  i  40  1
 1  1  Z1  Z 2  77  40  i
ii.  -3,  ,  3, 
 2  2  Z1  Z 2  117  i Ans.
Sol. Let
 1 1 ii. 3i, 2 1- i 
Z1   3,   3  i and Sol. Let
 2 2
 1 1 Z1  3i and Z 2  2 1  i   2  2i
Z 2   3,   3  i
 2 2 Z1  Z 2  ?
Z1  Z 2  ? Z1  Z 2  3i   2  2i 
 1   1   Z1  Z 2  6i  6i 2
Z1  Z 2   3  i    3  i 
 2   2   Z1  Z 2  6i  6  1  i 2  1
 Z1  Z 2  6i  6
 Z1  Z 2  6  6i Ans.
Genius Series Maths 11 8 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
iii. 2 + 3i, 2 2 - 3i 8  i
Z 
 8   i 
2 2
Sol. Let
Z1  2 3i 8  i 8  i
Z  
and Z 2  2 2  3 i, Z1  Z 2  ? 64  1 65
8 1
Z1  Z 2   
2 3i  2 2  3i  Z   i Ans.
65 65
 Z1  Z 2  2 4  6 i  2 6 i  9 i 2
1
 Z1  Z 2  2  2   2 6 i  6 i  3  1  i 2  1 iii.
7 - 3i
 Z1  Z 2  4   2  1 6 i  3 Sol. Let
 Z1  Z 2  4  3  1. 6 i 1
z
 Z1  Z 2  7  6 i Ans. 7  3i
1 7  3i
Z    Multiplying and dividing by 7  3i 
7  3i 7  3i
Q.6. Perform the indicated division and
7  3i
write the answer in the form a+ib. Z 
 7    3i 
2 2
4+i
i.
7  3i
3 + 5i
Sol. Let
Z 
49  9
 i 2  1
4i 7  3i
Z= Z 
3  5i 58
4  i 3  5i 7 3
Z   (Multiplying and Z   i Ans.
3  5i 3  5i 58 58
dividing by 3 – 5i) 6+i
12  20i  3i  5i 2
iv.
Z   (a  b)(a  b)  a  b
2 2
 i
 3   5i 
2 2
Sol. Let
12  17i  5
Z 
9  25
 i 2  1 Z=
6i
i
17  17i
Z  6i i
34 Z    Multiplying and dividing by i 
17 17 i i
Z   i
6i  i 2 6i  1 1  6i
34 34 Z   
1 1 (i 2 ) 1 1
 Z   i Ans.
2 2 1 6
Z   i
1 1 1
ii.  Z  1  6i Ans.
-8 + i
Sol. Let Q.7. If Z1 = 1 + 2i and Z 2 = 2 + 3i,
1 evaluate:
Z
8  i Z
(i) Z1 + Z 2  ii  Z1 Z 2  iii  1
Multiplying and dividing by  8  i Z2
1 8  i
Z  Sol. i. Given that
8  i 8  i Z1  1  2i and Z 2  2  3i
Z1  Z 2  ?
Genius Series Maths 11 9 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
Now Z1 8 1
   i
Z1  Z 2  1  2i    2  3i  Z 2 13 13
 Z1  Z 2  1  2    2i  3i 
Z1 8 1
 Z1  Z 2  3  5i    i
 Z1  Z 2  3  5i Z2 13 13

 3   5
2 2
 Z1  Z 2  8 1
2 2
Z1
     
 Z1  Z 2  9  25
Z2  13   13 
Z1 64 1
 Z1  Z 2  34 Ans.   
Z2 169 169
Sol. ii. Given that
Z1  1  2i and Z 2  2  3i Z1 64  1
 
Z2 169
Z1  Z 2  ?
Z1  Z 2  1  2i    2  3i  
Z1

65 Z
 1 
65
Ans.
Z2 169 Z2 13
 Z1  Z 2  2  3i  4i  6i 2
 Z1  Z 2  2  7i  6  1 Q.8. Express the following in standard
 Z1  Z 2  2  7i  6 form a+ib
 Z1  Z 2  4  7i 1 - 2i 4 - i
i. +
 Z1  Z 2  4  7i 2 + i 3 + 2i
 Z1  Z 2   4   7 Sol.
2 2

Let
 Z1  Z 2  16  49 1  2i 4  i
Z= 
 Z1  Z 2  65 Ans. 2  i 3  2i
1  2i  3  2i    4  i  2  i 
Sol.iii. Given that   By taking L.C.M 
Z1  1  2i and Z 2  2  3i  2  i  3  2i 
Z1 3  2i  6i  4i 2  8  4i  2i  i 2
? 
Z2 6  4i  3i  2i 2
3  4i  4  1  8  2i   1
Z1 1  2i
 
6  7i  2
 i 2  1
Z 2 2  3i
Z1 1  2i    2  3i 
16  2i 3  4i  2i  4  8  1
  
Z 2  2  3i  2  3i 
(Multiplying and dividing by 2-3i)
4  7i 6  2  7
3  4  8  1  2i 16  2i
Z1 2  3i  4i  6i 2  
  4  7i 4  7i
 2    3i 
2 2
Z2 Multiplying and dividing by 4-7i, we get
16  2i 4  7i
2  i  6  1 Z 

Z1
  i 2  1 4  7i 4  7i
4   3 i 2
2
Z2 64  112i  8i  14i 2
2i6 Z 
Z
 i 2  1  4    7i 
2 2
 1 
Z2 4  9  1 64  120i  14
Z
 1 
26i Z 
16  49
i 2  1 
Z2 49 50  120i
Z 
Z 8i 65
 1 
Z2 13
Genius Series Maths 11 10 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
50 120i
Z   Q.9. Find the conjugate of:
65 65
10 24  3 - 2i  2 + 3i 
 Z   i Ans.
13 13 1 + 2i  2 - i 
Sol. Let
ii.
2 + -9
 3  2i  2  3i 
Z
-5 - -16
1  2i  2  i 
Sol.
Let 6  9i  4i  6i 2
Z 
2  9 2  i  4i  2i 2
Z= 6  5i  6
5  16 Z 
2  3i  2
i 2  1 
2  9  1 2  9 1
  12  5i
5  16  1 5  16 1 Z 
4  3i
2  3i
Z 
5  4i
1  i  Z 
12  5i 4  3i

4  3i 4  3i
 multiplying and dividing by 4-3i 
Multiplying and dividing by -5+4i, we get 48  36i  20i  15i 2
Z 
2  3i 5  4i  4   3i 
2 2

Z 
5  4i 5  4i 48  16i  15
10  8i  15i  12i 2
Z 
16  9
 i 2  1
Z  63  16i
 5   4i 
2 2
Z 
10  7i  12 25
Z 
25  16
 i 2  1 Z 
63 16
 i
25 25
22  7i 22 7
Z    i Ans.  63 16 
41 41 41  Z    i  (Taking conjugate on both sides)
 25 25 
1 + i 
2
63 16
Z   i
iii. 25 25
4 + 3i
Sol. 3
Let  1 
25

Q.10. Evaluate: i18 +   

1  i 
2
  i  
Z=
4  3i Sol. Let
1   i   2 1 i 
2 2 3
Z   1 
25

4  3i Z = i18    
1  1  2i 2i   i  
Z  
4  3i 4  3i  1 
3
1 
3

 Z  i18  25    i 2   24 1 
9
2i 4  3i
Z    i   i 
4  3i 4  3i 3
8i  6  1  1 
8  6i 2  Z   1  24   i 2  1
9
Z  
 4    3i 
2 2
16  9i 2  i .i 
3
 1
Z 
8i  6 6  8i
  Z   1  
 i
 i 24  1
16  9 25
6 8
Z   i Ans.
25 25
Genius Series Maths 11 11 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
3  1  1 1 1
 Z   1  i    i      0i
 i  Z1 Z1 5 5
 Z   11  i  
3
 1  1 
 Im    Im   0i 
Z   1 1  i 
3 3
 Z1 Z1  5 
Z  1[13  i 3  3(12 ) (i )  3(1)(i 2 )]  1 
 Im    0 Ans.
Z  1(1  i  3i  3) ( i 2  1, i 3  i )  Z1  Z1 
Z  1(1  3  2i )
Z  1(2  2i ) Additive identity in the set of complex
Z  2  2i Ans. numbers:
Q.11. Let Z1 = 2 - i, Z 2 = -2 + i, Find The complex number 0+0i or (0,0) is
 Z Z   1  called additive identity in the set of
i  Re  1 2   ii  Im   complex number.
 Z1   Z1  Z1 
i. Sol. Given that Additive inverse in the set of complex
Z1  2  i, number:
Z 2  2  i Two complex numbers a+bi and c+di
Z Z  are said to be additive inverses of each
i. Re  1 2   ? other if
 Z1 
Z1 Z 2   2  i  2  i 
(a+bi) + (c+di) = (c+di)+(a+bi) = 0+0i
 4  2i  2i  i 2  4  4i  1 How to find the additive inverse of a
Z1 Z 2  3  4i complex number:
Now Procedure:
Z1  2  i  Z1  2  i Change the signs of real and imaginary
parts. e.g. the additive inverse of the
Z1  2  i
complex number 5 – 3i is – 5 + 3i.
Now Multiplicative identity:
Z1 Z 2 3  4i Far all a  bi  there exists 1  0 i 

Z1 2i
such that
Z1 Z 2 3  4i 2  i
Z1

2i 2i
  a  bi   1  0i   a  bi  1  0i    a  bi 
Z1 Z 2 6  3  8  4i 2 The complex number 1+0i or (1, 0) is
 ( (a  b)(a  b)  a 2  b 2 ) called the multiplicative identity in the set
 2  i 
2 2
Z1
Z1 Z 2 6  11i  4 2  11i of complex numbers.
  Multiplicative inverse:
Z1 4 1 5
A complex number c+di is called the
Z1 Z 2 2 11  Z1 Z 2  2
  i  Re   Ans. multiplicative inverse of the complex
Z1 5 5  Z1  5 number a+bi if
 a  bi    c  di   1  0i   c  di    a  bi 
ii. Z1  2  i and Z1  2  i
Z1 Z1   2  i  2  i  Note:
 Z1 Z1  4  2i  2i  i 2 1. The zero complex number 0+0i or
 Z1 Z1  4  1 ( i 2  1) (0, 0) has no multiplicative inverse.
2. The multiplicative inverse of 1+0i or
 Z1 Z1  5 (1,0) is 1+0i or (1,0)
Genius Series Maths 11 12 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
3. If Z = a+bi  0+0i is any complex   Z    a  bi 
number then the multiplicative   Z  a  bi
inverse of Z is denoted by Z-1 and can
  Z  a  bi
be calculated as follows
1 1 1 a  bi a  bi  Z   a    b 
2 2
Z 1     
Z a  bi a  bi a  bi a 2   bi 2
  4
  Z  a 2  b 2 

a  bi a  bi a  bi From (1), (2), (3) and (4) we get

Z 1   
a  b 2 i 2 a 2  b 2  1 a 2  b 2
2
Z  Z  Z  Z Proved.
a b  a b 
Z 1   2 2 i 2 2 , 2 2  b. Prove that Z = Z
a b a b
2 2
 a b a b  Proof: Let Z = a + b i be any complex
number we need to show that Z  Z
a. Prove that Now
Z  Z  Z  Z , Z   1
Z  a  bi 
Proof: Let  Z  a  bi (Taking conjugate o.b.s)
Z=a+bi is any complex number. We  Z  a  bi (By definition)
need to show that
 Z  a  bi (Taking conjugate o.b.s)
Z  Z  Z  Z , Z 
 Z  a  bi (By definition)
Z  a  bi
 Z  a  bi  Z  Z (Use (1)) Proved.
 1
 Z  a 2  b 2  c. Prove that Z  Z = Z
2

Now Proof: Let Z = a+bi be any complex

Z  a  bi  Z    a  bi   Z  a  bi number we need to show that
Z Z  Z
2
 Z  a  bi
Now
 Z   a    b 
2 2
 1
Z  a  bi 
  2
  Z  a 2  b 2   Z  a  bi (Taking conjugate o.b.s)
Now  Z  a  bi    2  (by definition)
Z  a  bi
Multiplying (1) and (2), we get
 Z  a  bi
Z  Z   a  bi    a  bi 
 Z  a  bi
 Z  a  bi  Z  Z   a    bi 
2 2
  a  b a  b   a 2
 b2 

 Z   a    b 
2 2
 Z .Z  a 2  b 2i 2   ab 
2
 a 2b2 
  3
 Z  a 2  b 2   Z  Z  a  b  1
2 2
 i  1
2

Now  I 
 Z  Z  a 2  b2 
Z  a  bi Now
 Z  a  bi Z  a  bi
 Z  a  bi
Genius Series Maths 11 13 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
 Z  a  bi Taking absolute onboth sides  Z1  Z 2  Z1  Z 2
Now
 Z  a 2  b2 (By definition)
Z1  Z 2   a  bi    c  di 
 
2
 Z  a b  Squaring both sides 
2 2 2
 Z1  Z 2  ac  adi  bci  bdi 2
 Z1  Z 2  ac   ad  bc  i  bd  1
  II 
 Z  a 2  b 2 
2

 Z1  Z 2   ac  bd    ad  bc  i
 Z1  Z 2   ac  bd    ad  bc  i
From (I) and (II), we get
Z Z  Z
2
Pr oved .  Z1  Z 2   ac  bd    ad  bc  i 
 1

d. Prove that: Z1 + Z2 = Z1 + Z 2 Now

Z1  a  bi
Proof: Let Z1 = a+bi and z2 = c+di are any
two complex numbers. We need to show  Z1  a  bi Taking conjugate on sides 
that Z1  Z 2  Z1  Z 2
  2 (By definition)
 Z1  a  bi 
Now
Now
Z1  Z 2   a  bi    c  di 
Z 2  c  di
 Z1  Z 2   a  c    bi  di 
 Z 2  c  di Taking conjugate on sides 
 Z1  Z 2   a  c    b  d  i
 Z1  Z 2   a  c    b  d  i   3 (By definition)
 Z 2  c  di 
 Z1  Z 2   a  c    b  d  i 
 1 Multiplying (2) and (3) we get:
Now Z1  Z 2   a  bi    c  di 
Z1  a  bi  Z1  Z 2  ac  adi  bci  bdi 2
 Z1  a  bi Taking conjugateonboth sides   Z1  Z 2  ac   ad  bc  i  bd  i 2  1
  2   By definition 
 Z1  a  bi   Z1  Z 2   ac  bd    ad  bc  i 
  4
Now From (1) and (4), we get
Z 2  c  di Z1  Z 2  Z1  Z 2 Pr oved .
 Z 2  c  di (Taking conjugate o.b.s)
Z  Z
  3 (By definition)
 Z 2  c  di  f. Prove that:  1  = 1
 Z2  Z2
Adding (2) and (3) we get
Proof: Let Z1 = a+bi and Z2=c+di are any
Z1  Z 2   a  bi    c  di  two complex numbers. We need to
 Z1  Z 2  a  c  bi  di Z  Z
show that  1   1
 Z1  Z 2   a  c    b  d  i 
  4  Z2  Z2
From (1) and (4) we get Now
Z1 a  bi
Z1  Z 2  Z1  Z 2 Pr oved 
Z 2 c  di
e. Prove that: Z1  Z 2 = Z1  Z 2 Z a  bi c  di  Multiplying and 
 1    
Proof: Let Z1  a  bi and Z 2  c  di are Z 2 c  di c  di  dividing by c  di
any two complex numbers. We need to Z  a  bi  c  di
 1 
show that Z 2  c  di  c  di
Genius Series Maths 11 14 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
Z1 ac  adi  bci  bdi 2
  ( (a  b)(a  b)  a 2  b 2 )
Z2 c 2  d 2i 2
Z1 ac  bci  adi  bd
EXERCISE 1.2
  ( i 2  1) Q.1. If Z1 = 2 + i, Z 2 = 1 - i then verify
Z2 c2  d 2

Z1  ac  bd    bc  ad  i commutative property w.r.t.

  addition and multiplication.
Z2 c2  d 2
Sol. Given that Z1  2  i, Z 2  1  i
Z  ac  bd   bc  ad 
 1  2  i we need to verify Z1  Z 2  Z 2  Z1
Z2  c  d 2   c2  d 2 
(Commutative property w.r.t. addition.)
 Z   ac  bd   bc  ad  Now
 1  2 
2   2 2 
i Z1  Z 2  2  i 1 i
 Z2   c  d   c  d  Z1  Z 2  2 1 i  i
Z   ac  bd   bc  ad  Z1  Z 2  3  0i   1
  1  2 2 
 2 2 
 1
i 
 Z2   c d  c d  Z 2  Z1  1 i  2  i
Now Z 2  Z1  1  2  i  i
Z1  a  bi   2
Z 2  Z1  3  0i 
 Z1  a  bi Taking conjugate onboth sides  From (1) and (2) we have
  2   By definition 
 Z1  a  bi  Z1  Z 2  Z 2  Z1
Hence verified.
Now
Z 2  c  di (ii) To verify commutative property
w.r.t. multiplication i.e.
 Z 2  c  di Taking conjugate on both sides  Z1  Z 2  Z 2  Z1
  3  By definition 
 Z 2  c  di  L.H.S:
Dividing (2) by (3), we get Z1  Z 2   2  i 1  i 
Z1 a  bi  Z1  Z 2  2  2i  i  i 2

Z 2 c  di  Z1  Z 2  2  i  1  i 2  1
Z a  bi c  di  Multiplying and   Z1  Z 2  2  1  i
 1    
Z 2 c  di c  di  dividing by c  di   Z1  Z 2  3  i   1
Z  a  bi  c  di    a  b  a  b   R.H.S:
 1   
Z2 c 2   di 
2
  a b
2 2
 Z 2  Z1  1  i  2  i 
Z1 ac  bci  adi  bd  1 Z 2  Z1  2  i  2i  i 2

Z2

c 2  d 2  1
 i 2  1 Z 2  Z1  2  i  1  i 2  1
Z1  Z 2  2 1 i
Z1 ac   bc  ad  i  bd
  Z 2  Z1  3  i    2
Z2 c2  d 2
From (1) and (2) we have
Z  ac  bd    bc  ad  i Z1 .Z 2  Z 2 .Z1
 1 
Z2 c2  d 2 Hence verified.
Z1  ac  bd   bc  ad 
     4
 i 
Z2  c2  d 2   c2  d 2 
From (1) and (4), we get
 Z1  Z1
  Pr oved .
 Z2  Z2
Genius Series Maths 11 15 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
Q.2. Z1 = -1 + i, Z 2 = 3 - 2i, Z 3 = 2 + 3i
Verify associative property w.r.t addition and multiplication.
Sol. i. To verify associative property w.r.t. addition i.e.
Z1   Z 2  Z3    Z1  Z 2   Z3
L.H.S:
Z1   Z 2  Z3   1  i   3  2i  2  3i 
 1  i  5  i
Z1   Z 2  Z3   4  2i   1
R.H.S:
 Z1  Z 2   Z3   1  i  3  2i   2  3i
 2  i  2  3i
 Z1  Z 2   Z3  4  2i    2
From (1) and (2) we have
Z1   Z 2  Z3    Z1  Z 2   Z3 Verified.
ii. To verify associative property
w.r.t. multiplication
i.e. Z1   Z 2  Z3    Z1  Z 2   Z3
To find z1  z 2 z 3  :
Z1  Z 2 Z 3    1  i   3  2i  2  3i 
Z1  Z 2 Z 3    1  i   6  9  4i  6i 2 
Z1  Z 2 Z 3    1  i  6  5i  6   i 2  1
Z1  Z 2 Z 3    1  i 12  5i 
Z1  Z 2 Z 3   12  5i  12i  5i 2
Z1  Z 2 Z 3   12  7i  5  i 2  1
Z1  Z 2 Z 3   12  5  7i
 Z1 Z 2  Z3  17  7i   1
To find  z1 z 2   z 3 :
 z1 z2   z3   1  i    3  2i    2  3i 
 z1 z2   z3   3  2i  3i  2i 2   2  3i 
 z1 z2   z3   3  5i  2  2  3i   i 2  1
 z1 z2   z3   1  5i  2  3i 
 z1 z2   z3  2  3i  10i  15i 2
 z1 z2   z3  2  7i  15  i 2  1
 z1 z2   z3  2  15  7i
 z1 z2   z3  17  7i    2
From (1) and (2), we obtain
z1   z2 z3    z1 z2   z3 Hence verified.
Genius Series Maths 11 16 Unit-1 Complex Numbers

Q.3. if Z1 = 3 + 2i, Z 2 = 2  3i and Z 3 = 2 - 2i verify distributive property of

multiplication over addition.
Sol. Given that Z1  3  2 i, Z 2  3  2 i and Z 3  2  2i we need to verify that distributive
property of multiplication over addition i.e. we need to verify that. i.e
Z1   Z 2  Z3   Z1  Z 2  Z1  Z3
for this
Z 2  Z3  2  3 i  2  2i
 1
 Z 2  Z3  2  2  3 i  2i 
Now
Z1 .  Z 2  Z 3    3 2 i  2  2  3 i  2i  Use 1 
 Z1 .  Z 2  Z 3   6  2 3  9i  2 3i  4i  2 2i  6 i 2  2 2 i 2  ab  a . b 
 Z1.  Z 2  Z3   6  2 3  3i  2 3i  2i  2 2i  6  1  2 2  1  i  1 2

 Z1.  Z 2  Z3   2 2  2 3  6  6  i  2 2 i  2 3 i

 Z1 .  Z 2  Z3   (2 2  2 3  2 6)  1  2 2  2 3 i  
 2 
Now
Z1 .Z 2   3  2i  2 3i 
 Z1 .Z 2  6  9 i  4 i  6 i 2
 Z1 .Z 2  6  3i  2i  6  i 2  1
  3
 Z1 .Z 2  2 6  i 
Now
Z1 .Z 3   
3  2 i  2  2i 
 Z1 .Z 3  2 3  2 3i  2 2i  2 2 i 2
 Z1 .Z 3  2 3  2 2 i  2 3i  2 2  i 2  1  (4)
Adding  3 and  4  , we obtain
Z1 .Z 2  Z1 .Z 3  2 6  i  2 3  2 2 i  2 3i  2 2

  
 5 
 Z1 .Z 2  Z1 .Z 3  2 2  2 3  2 6  1  2 2  2 3 i  
From  2  and  5  we obtain
Z1 .  Z 2  Z 3   Z1 .Z 2  Z1 .Z 3 Hence verified.

Q.4. Find the additive and multiplicative of the following complex numbers.
i. 𝟓 + 𝟐𝒊 (ii) (𝟕, − 𝟗)
Sol. To find additive inverse: Let 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 be the additive inverse of 5 + 2𝑖, then by definition
 5  2i    a  ib   0  i  0 
5  a   2  b i  0  0 i
Comparing real and imaginary parts.
5 + 𝑎 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 + 𝑏 = 0  𝑎 = −5 & 𝑏 = −2
Genius Series Maths 11 17 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
Hence a  ib  5   2  i  a  ib  5  2i Ans.

To find multiplicative inverse: Let 1

Z 1 
Z  5  2i, Z 1  ? 7  9i
Now 1 7  9i  Multiplying and 
 Z 1    
Z 1 
1 7  9i 7  9i  dividing by 7  9i 
Z 7  9i   a  b  a  b  
1  Z 1  2  
 Z 1   7    9i    a  b
2 2 2

5  2i
1 5  2i  Multiplying and 
 Z 1     7  9i
5  2i 5  2i  dividing by 5  2i   Z 1  ( i 2  1)
49  81
5  2i   a  b  a  b  
 Z 1  2   7  9i
 5   2i    a  b
2 2 2
  Z 1 
130

 Z 1 
5 2
25  4
i
 i 2  1  Z 1 
7

9
i Ans.
130 130
5  2i
 Z 1  Q.5.i. If Z1 = 2 + 4i, Z 2 = 1 - 3i
29
1 5 2 Verify: Z1 + Z2 = Z1 + Z 2
 Z   i Ans.
29 29 Sol. Given that
Z1  2  4i, Z 2  1  3i
ii.  7, - 9  = 7 - 9i We need to verify
Sol. Z1  Z 2  Z1  Z 2
To find additive inverse: Let Now
𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 be the additive inverse of 7 − 9𝑖, Z1  Z 2  2  4i  1  3i
then by definition  Z1  Z 2  3  i
 7  9i    a  ib   0  i  0   Taking conjugate 
 Z1  Z 2  3  i 
 7  a    9  b  i  0  i  0   on both siddes


Comparing real and imaginary parts:  Z1  Z 2  3  i   1  By definition 
7  a  0 and 9  b  0
 a  7 and b9 Now
a  ib  7  9i Z1  2  4i, Z 2  1  3i
 a  ib   7, 9  Ans.  Z1  2  4i, Z 2  1  3i
To find multiplicative inverse: Let Now
Z   7,  9   7  9i Z1  Z 2  2  4i  1  3i
Z 1  ?   2
Z1  Z 2  3  i 
Now
1 From (1) and (2) we have
Z 1  Z1  Z 2  Z1  Z 2 Pr oved
Z
ii. Z1 . Z2 = Z1  Z2
Sol. Given that
Z1  2  3i
Z 2  2  3i
We need to verify that
Genius Series Maths 11 18 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
Z1 .Z 2  Z1 . Z 2 Z1  2a 2  9b 2   9ab 
   i
Now Z 2  4a 2  9b 2   4a 2  9b 2 
Z1  Z 2   2  3i    2  3i 
 Z   2a 2  9b 2   9ab 
Z1 Z 2   2    3i  ( (a  b)(a  b)  a 2  b 2 )
2 2  1  
2   2 
i
 Z 2   4a  9b   4a  9b 
2 2

Z1 Z 2  4  9 ( i 2  1)
Z1 Z 2  13 Z   2a 2  9b 2   9ab 
 1   2  1
 i 
    4a  9b   4a  9b 
2 2 2
 1
Z1 Z 2  13  a  a, a  R  Z2
Z1
To find :
Now Z2
Z1  2  3i, Z 2  2  3i Z1  a  3bi
 Z1  2  3i, Z 2  2  3i
 Z1   a  3bi
Now
 i 
 Z1   a  3bi 
Z1 .Z 2   2  3i  2  3i 
Now
 Z1 .Z 2   2    3i 
2 2
  a  b  a  b   a 2
 b2  Z 2  2a  3bi
 Z1 .Z 2  4  9  i 2  1
 Z 2  2a  3bi
  2
Z1  Z 2  13    ii 
 Z 2  2a  3bi 
From (1) and (2) we have
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get
Z1.Z 2  Z1 .Z 2 Proved
Z1  a  3bi

iii. If Z1 = −𝒂 − 𝟑𝒃𝒊, Z2= 𝟐𝒂 − 𝟑𝒃𝒊, Z 2 2a  3bi
Z  Z Z  a  3bi 2a  3bi
then verify that:  1  = 1  1  
 Z2  Z2 Z 2 2a  3bi 2a  3bi
Z 2a 2  3abi  6abi  9b 2 i 2
Sol. Given that  1 
 2a    3bi 
2 2
𝑍1 = −𝑎 − 3𝑏𝑖, 𝑍2 = 2𝑎 − 3𝑏𝑖 Z2
We need to verify that
Z1 2a  9abi  9b  1
2 2

 Z1  Z1  
  Z2 4a 2  9b 2 i 2
 Z2  Z2 Z 2a  9abi  9b 2
2
 1 
 Z1  Z2 4a 2  9b 2  1
To find  :
 Z2  Z1 2a 2  9b 2  9abi
 
Z1  a  3bi Z2 4a 2  9b 2

Z 2 2a  3bi
Z1  2a 2  9b2   9ab 
Z  a  3bi 2a  3bi      2
 i 
 1   Z 2  4a 2  9b2   4a 2  9b2 
Z 2 2a  3bi 2a  3bi From (1) and (2), we get
Z 2a 2  3abi  6abi  9b 2 i 2
 1   Z1  Z1
 2a    3bi  
2 2
Z2  Hence verified.
 Z2  Z2
Z1 2a  9abi  9b  1
2 2

 
Z2 4a 2  9b 2  1 Q.6. Show that for all complex numbers
Z1 and Z2
Z1  2a  9b   9abi
2 2
(i) |Z1.Z2|=|Z1|. |Z2|
 
Z2 4a 2  9b 2 Z1 Z
(ii) = 1
Z2 Z2
Genius Series Maths 11 19 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
Proof: i. To show that 2
 Z1   a 2 a
2 2

Z1
Z1  Z 2  Z1  Z 2      2 , b  0
Z2  Z   b 
We know that  2   b 

 1 , Z 
Z  Z  Z 
2
2 2
Z1 |Z |  Taking square 
 Z1  Z 2  ( Z1 Z 2 )( Z1 Z 2 ) (Use (1))
2
   1   root on both sides 
Z2  | Z2 |   
 Z1  Z 2  ( Z1 Z 2 )( Z1 . Z 2 ) ( Z1 .Z 2  Z1 . Z 2 )
2

 By associative 
 Z1  Z 2  Z1   Z 2  Z1   Z 2 
2
 Z1 Z
 property    1 Pr oved .
Z2 Z2
 By commutative 
 Z1  Z 2  Z1   Z1  Z 2   Z 2 
2
 Q.7. Separate into real and imaginary
 property 
parts:
 By assosciative 
2 + 3i
 Z1  Z 2   Z1  Z1    Z 2  Z 2   i.
2
 5 - 2i
 property 
Sol. Let
 Z1  Z 2  Z1  Z 2
2 2 2
 By 1 Z = 2  3i
5  2i
2  3i 5  2i  Multiplying and 
 Z1  Z 2   Z1  Z 2
2

2
 ab  a  b
2 2 2
 Z   
5  2i 5  2i  dividing by 5  2i 


10  4i  15i  6i 2   a  b  a  b  
Z   
 Taking square   5   2i    a  b
2 2
Z 
2 2
 Z1  Z 2 2
  Z2
2
 root on both sides  
 
1

10  19i  6
Z 
25  4
 i 2  1
 Z1  Z 2  Z1  Z 2  Z  0  Pr oved . 4  19i
Z 
29
ii. Proof: To show that 4 19
Z   i
Z1 Z 29 29
 1 , Z1 , Z 2  , Z 2  0
4 19
Z2 Z2  Re  Z   and Im  Z   Ans.
Since 29 29
 1 , Z  1 + 2i 
2
Z  Z  Z 
2

ii.
2 1 - 3i
Z1 Z  Z   Z 
   1    1   Put Z  1  Sol. Let
Z2  Z2   Z2   Z2 
1  2i 
2

2
 Z  Z  Z=
Z1 Z  Z  1  3i
   1  1    1 1 
Z2  Z2   Z2    Z2  Z 2  1
  2i   2 1 2i    a  b 2  
2 2
  Z 
2
1  3i  a 2  b 2  2ab 
Z  Z Z   
 1  1 1  1  4  4i
Z2
2
 Z2  Z2  Z 
1  3i
 i  1
2

2
Z1 3  4i
Use 1 
Z
 1  Z 
Z2 Z2
2
1  3i
3  4i 1  3i  Multiplying and 
Z    
1  3i 1  3i  dividing by 1  3i 
Genius Series Maths 11 20 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
2 2
3  9i  4i  12i 2   a  b  a  b   Z   i
Z   2  4 4
1   3i   a b
2 2 2

1 1
3  5i  12 Z   i
Z 
1 9
 i  1
2
2 2
1 1
15  5i  Re  Z   and Im  Z   Ans.
Z  2 2
10
15 5
Z   i  2a - bi 
-2
iv.
10 10
3 1 Sol. Let
Z   i Z =  2a  bi 
2
2 2
2
3 1 1  1 
 Re  Z    , Im  Z   Ans. Z   
 2a  bi   2a  bi 
2
2 2
2a  bi   Multiplying and dividing 
2
 1
1-i Z     
iii.  2a  bi 2a  bi   by 2a  bi inside square 
1 + i 
2 2
 2a  bi    a  b  a  b  
Z    
  2a    bi     a  b
2 2 2 2
Sol. Let 
1 i
Z=
1  i   2a  bi    a 2 a 2 2 
2 2

Z      2 , i  1
  a  b 2    4a  b2   b
2
1 i b 
2

Z  2  
1   i   2 1 i   a 2  b2  2ab 
2

 2a    bi   2  2a  bi    a  b 2  
2 2

Z   2 
1 i  4a 2  b 2   a  b  2ab 
2

 i 2  1
2

Z 
1  1  2i
1 i
Z 
4a 2  b 2  4abi
2i Z   i 2  1
Z 
1  i 2i  Multiplying and 
    4a 2
b 2 2

2i 2i  dividing by  2i 
4a  b 2 2
4ab
Z   i
 4a   4a
2 2
 b2 
2
2
b 2
2i  2i 2
Z  Hence
4i 2 4a 2  b 2
2i  2 Re  Z  
 i 2  1
and
Z   4a  b2 
2 2

4 Ans.
4ab
2  2i Im  Z  
Z   4a  b2 
2 2

4
Genius Series Maths 11 21 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
 7  22i 
-2 2
 3 + 4i 
v.   Z 
 4 - 3i  13
2

Sol. Let
   7  22i  
2
2
 3  4i  Z 
Z  
 4  3i  169
 3  4i 
2
 7  22i 
2

Z 
 4  3i 
2 Z 
169
  a 
2
 a2 
 7    22i   2  7  22i 
2 2
 4  3i 
2

Z  Z 
 3  4i 
2
169
 4  3i  49  484  308i
2

Z   Z 
 3  4i  169
 4  3i 3  4i 
2
435  308i
Z    Z 
 3  4i 3  4i  169
435 308
2
12  16i  9i  12i 2 
Z 
  3   4i 
2 2
 ( (a  b)(a  b)  a 2  b 2 )

Z   i
169 169
435 308
 12  25i  12 
2
 Re  Z   and Im  Z   Ans.
Z   ( i  1)
2
169 169
 9  16 
 0  25i 
2

Z   Q.8. Show that:

 25  (i). Z + Z = 2Re  Z 
2
 0 25 
 Z    i  ii  Z - Z = 2i Im  Z 
 25 25 
 Z   0  i    i   i 2  1  1  0i  iii  Z  Z =  Re  Z  + Im  Z 
2 2 2 2

 Z  1  0i  iv  Z = Z  Z is real
 Re  Z   1 and Im  Z   0 Ans.  v  Z = -Z if and only if
2 Z is pure imaginary
 4 - 5i  Sol.(i) To show that
vi.  
 2 + 3i  Z  Z  2 Re  Z  :
 4  5i 
2
Let
Sol. Let Z=  
 2  3i  Z = a+bi(1); a, b  R, i  1
 4  5i 2  3i 
2
 Re  Z   Re  a  bi 
Z     Re  Z   a    2
 2  3i 2  3i 
2 Now
 8  12i  10i  15i 2 
Z   ( (a  b)(a  b)  a 2  b 2 ) Z  a  bi
  2 2   3i 2 

 8  22i  15 
2

Z  a  bi Taking conjugate on both sides 
Z   ( i  1)
2

 49   Z  a  bi   3  By definition 

Adding (1) and (3), we obtain
 7  22i 
2
Z  Z  a  bi  a  bi
Z  
 13 
Genius Series Maths 11 22 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
 Z Z  aa Z .Z   a  bi  .  a  bi 
 Z  Z  2a 2 
 Z .Z   a    bi   2
2  a  b  a  b  
 Z  Z  2 Re  Z  Use  2   

 a b
2

Hence proved .  Z .Z  a 2  b 2 i 2   ab 
2
 a 2b 2 
ii. To show that
 Z .Z  a  b
2 2
 i  1
2

Z  Z  2i Im  Z  :  Z .Z   a   b
2 2

 Z .Z   Re  Z    Im  Z  Use  2  and  3 

2 2
Let
 1
Z  a  bi  Hence proved.
 Im  Z   Im  a  bi 
iv. Sol. To show that:
Z  Z  Z is real
 Im  Z   b    2
Let
Now
Z  a  bi  1
Z  a  bi 
 Z  a  bi Taking conjugate on both sides   Z  a  bi Taking conjugate onboth sides 
  3  by definition 
 Z  a  bi    2
 Z  a  bi 
Subtracting (3) from (1), we get
If ZZ
Z  Z  a  bi   a  bi   a  bi  a  bi Use 1 and  2  
 Z  Z  a  bi  a  bi
 a  bi  a  bi  0
 Z  Z  bi  bi
 2bi  0
 Z  Z  2bi
 2ib  0
 Z  Z  2i.b
0
 Z  Z  2i Im  Z  Use  2   b
2i
Hence proved.
 b0
(iii) Sol. To show that:
Put b = 0 in (1), we obtain
Z .Z   Re  Z     Im  Z  
2 2
Z  a  0i
Let  Z  a0
Z = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖  (1)  Z  aR
 Re  Z   Re  a  bi   Z is real. Hence proved

 Re  Z   a   2  (v) To show that:

Now Z   Z if and only if Z is pure imaginary
Let
Z  a  bi
 1
Z  a  bi 
 Im  Z   Im  a  bi 
 Im  Z   b    3  Z  a  bi Taking conjugate onboth sides 
Now
Z  a  bi   2
 Z  a  bi 
 Z  a  bi Taking conjugate on both sides  Suppose
  4
 Z  a  bi  Z   Z We need to show that Z is pure
imaginary.
Multiplying (1) and (4), we obtain
Now
Z  Z
Genius Series Maths 11 23 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
 a  bi    a  bi   Use 1 and 2  z  3  2i
 a  bi   a  bi  | z |  | 3  2i |
 a  bi  a  bi  0  | z | 32  2 2
 aa 0  | z | 9  4
 2a  0  | z |  13    3
0 (i) Since
a
2  13  3  13
 a0   | z | Re  z   | z |  Use 1 and  3 
Put a = 0 in (1), we obtain Hence verified.
Z  0  bi
(ii) Since
 Z  bi
 13  2  13
 Z is pure imaginary.
Conversely   | z | Im  z   13  Use  2  and  3  Verified .
Suppose Z is pure imaginary we need to show
that Z   Z
If Z is pure imaginary, then
Linear Equation: An equation of the
  3
Z  bi  form
 Z  0  bi pz  qw  r , p, q, r  or p, q, r  R
 Z  0  bi Taking conjugate onboth sides  is called linear equation in two complex
variables (or unknowns) z and w.
 Z  0  bi Definition: The equations
 Z  bi p1 z  q1 w  r1 , p1 , q1 , r1 
p2 z  q2 w  r2 , p2 , q2 , r2 
 Z  Z  Use (3)  together is called a system of linear
This complete the required proof. equations in two variables z and w.
Q.9. If Z = 3+2i, then verify that: Polynomial: An algebraic expression of
(i)  | Z | Re  Z   Z the form
(ii)  | Z | Im  Z   | Z | P  Z   an Z n  an 1 Z n 1  an  2 Z n  2  ....  a1Z  a0

Sol. Given that an  0, n  N and an , an 1 , an  2 , ....., a1 , a0  R or

Z = 3+2i we need to verify that: is called a polynomial of degree n.
(i)  | Z | Re  Z   Z e.g. 2 x  1, 3x 2  2 x  1 etc.
(ii)  | Z | Im  Z   | Z | Factor Theorem: Let P(x) be any
polynomial then (x – a) is a factor of P(x)
Now
Z = 3 + 2i
if and only if P(a) = 0.
Quadratic Equation:
 Re  Z   Re  3  2i  An equation of the form
 Re  Z   3   1
pz 2  qz  r  0, p, q, r  R, or , p  0  1
Now
Z = 3+2i is called a quadratic equation in the
 Im  Z   Im  3  2i  complex variable z.
Equation (1) is called standard form of a
 Im  z   2    2 quadratic equation e.g
Now
Z 2  Z  3  0, 3Z 2  4Z  2  0,
Z 2  0, Z 2  3  0, 2 Z2  3Z  1
Genius Series Maths 11 24 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
Note: In quadratic equation  z  4  4i  3i
pz2+qz+r = 0. The coefficient of  z  4  4i  3i
Z2 must not be zero otherwise it  z  4i
becomes a linear equation.
Quadratic formula: Hence z  4  i, w  1  i Ans.
If pz2 + qz+r = 0 is a quadratic equation
ii. z+w = 3i, 2z+3w = 2
then the quadratic formula is given by Sol. The given system is
Z
 q  q 2  4 pr
Or z  w  3i   1
  2
2p
2 z  3w  2 
If az 2  bz  c  0 is a quadratic
Multiplying equation (1) by 2, we get
equation then the quadratic formula is
given by
2  z  w  2  3i 
  3
 2 z  2w  6i 
b  b 2  4ac
Z  Re member this formula  Subtracting (3) from (2), we get
2a
2z  3w  2
Solution of a quadratic equation: All  2z  2w  6i
those values of z for which the quadratic w  2  6i
equation pz 2  qz  r  0 is true is called
solution or root of the quadratic equation w  2  6i
and the set of all solutions is called Put 𝑤 = 2 − 6𝑖 in (1), we get
solution set. z  2  6i  3i
Note: A quadratic equation has two roots  z  2  6i  3i
or solutions.
 z  2  9i

EXERCISE 1.3 Hence z  2  9i, w  2  6i Ans.

Solve the simultaneous linear equations iii. 𝟑𝒛 + (𝟐 + 𝒊)𝒘 = 𝟏𝟏 − 𝒊,
with complex coefficients: (𝟐 − 𝒊)𝒛 − 𝒘 = −𝟏 + 𝒊
Q.1. i. z - 4w = 3i, 2 z + 3w = 11 - 5i Sol. The given system is
Sol. The given system is: 3 z   2  i  w  11  i   1
z  4w  3i, 2 z  3w  11  5i
 2  i  z  w  1  i    2
z  4w  3i   1
Multiplying (2) by (2 + 𝑖), we get
2 z  3w  11  5i  2
 2  i    2  i  z  w   2  i  1  i 
Multiplying Equation (1) by 2 we get
2  z  4 w   2  3i   2  i  2  i  z   2  i  w  2  2i  i  i 2
 2 z  8w  6i    3  2 2  i 2  z   2  i  w  2  i  1
Subtracting (3) from (2), we get   4   1  z   2  i  w  2  1  i
2z  3w  11  5i   4  1 z   2  i  w  3  i
 2z 8w   6i
 5 z   2  i  w  3  i    3
11w  11  11i
11 1  i  Adding (1) and (3), we get
w 3z   2  i  w  11  i
11
 w  1 i 5 z   2  i  w  3  i
Put w = 1 − 𝑖 in (1), we get 8z  8
z  4 1  i   3i
Genius Series Maths 11 25 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
8 Second method:
z Sol. Given that
8
 z 1 P  z   z 3  6 z  20
Put z = 1 in (2), we get  z 3  6 z  8  12
 2  i 1  w  1  i  z 3  8  6 z  12
 2  i  w  1  i  z 3  23  6  z  2 
 2 1 i  i  w
By using the formula
 3  2i  w  w  3  2i
a3  b3   a  b   a 2  ab  b2  , we get
Hence z  1, w  3  2i Ans.
P  z    z  2  z 2  2z  4  6  z  2
Q.2. Factorize the polynomials P(z) into   z  2  z 2  2z  4  6
linear factors:   z  2   z 2  2 z  10 
i. z 3 + 6z + 20   z  2  z 2  2z  1  9
  a  b 2  
Sol. Given that
P  z   z 3  6 z  20
 
  z  2   z  1  9  2
2
 a  2ab  b 2 
 

  z  2   z  1  3
2

2

 P  2    2   6  2   20
3
  z  2   z  1   1 .3 
2 2

 P  2   8  12  20   z  2   z  1  i .3   i
2 2 2 2
 1
 P  2   20  20  0
  z  2   z  1   3i  
2 2

 Z  2 is a root of P(z)  a 2  b2  
  z  2  z  1  3i  z  1  3i   
  z  2  is a factor of P(z) to find its   a  b  a  b  
other factor, we divide P(z) by (z+2). Hence
z 2  2 z  10
P  z    z  2  z  1  3i  z  1  3i  Ans.
z 3  6 z  20
 z3 2 z 2 Sol.ii .Given that
 2 z  6 z  20
2 P  z   3z 2  7
z2
2z2 4z  3 3 2, 
 
 Pz   3  7  
2 2
10 z  20
z  2
 
 10 z  20
 
2
7  7 
0  
Hence
 Pz     7  a b   ab  
2 2
 2 2 2

P  z    z  2   z  2 z  10 
2
3z

 P  z    z  2   z 2  2 z  1  10  1  Pz   3z    7   1      
2 2


 P  z    z  2   z  1  9   Pz   3z   7 i  i  1
2 2 2
2 2

 P  z    z  2   z  1  9  1  Pz   3z    7 i
2 2 2

 P  z    z  2   z  1  3 i 
 a 2  b2  
2 2 2
 Pz   3z  7 i  3z  7 i   
  a  b  a  b  
 P  z    z  2   z  1   3i   Hence
2 2

Pz   3 z  7i  3z  7 i  Ans.
 P  z    z  2  z  1  3i  z  1  3i  Ans.
Genius Series Maths 11 26 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
Sol. iii. Given that: 1  1  2i  2i  0  i 2  1
Pz  z  4 2
0  0 True 
 P  z   z 2   2
2

Hence z2 = −1 −i satisfy the given

 P  z   z 2   2   1     
2
quadratic equation. So each z1 and z2
 P  z   z 2   2  i 2  i 2  1
2
satisfies the given equation.
 P  z   z 2   2i 
2
 a 2 . b 2   ab 
2
 Q.4. Determine whether 1+2i is a
 P  z    z  2i  z  2i   a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b   solution of z2-2z+5 = 0
Hence P  z    z  2i  z  2i  Ans. Sol. The given quadratic equation is
 1
z 2  2 z  5  0 
Sol. (iv) Given that Put z = 1+2i in (1), we get
1  2i   2 1  2i   5  0
2

P  z   z3  2z 2  z  2
1   2i   2 1 2i   2  4i  5  0
2 2

 P  z   z 2  z  2   1 z  2 
1  4i 2  4i  2  4i  5  0
 P  z    z  2   z 2  1
1  4  1  2  5  0  i 2  1
 P  z    z  2   z 2   1        
1 4  2  5  0
 P  z    z  2  z 2  i2   i 2  1 1 5  6  0
 a 2  b2   6  6 0
 P  z    z  2  z  i  z  i   
  a  b  a  b   0  0 True 
Hence Hence (1+2i) is a solution of z2 −2z+5 =0
P  z    z  2  z  i  z  i  Ans. Q.5. Find all solutions to the following
equations:
i. z2+z+3 = 0
Q.3. Show that each:
Sol. Given that
z1 = −1+i and z2 = −1−i satisfies the
z2+z+3 = 0
equation z2+2z+2 = 0
Comparing with az2+bz+c = 0, we obtain
Sol. The given quadratic equation is
a = 1, b = 1, c = 3
 1
z 2  2 z  2  0  By quadratic formula
Put z = −1+i in (1), we get b  b 2  4ac
Z
 1  i   2  1  i   2  0
2
2a
 1  i 2  2  1 i   2  2i  2  0
2

1  1  2i  2  2i  2  0  i 2  1 1  12  4 1 3 1  1  12
Z 
00 True  2 1 2
Hence z1 = − 1 + i satisfy the given 1  11 1  i 11
quadratic equation.  
2 2
Now
1  i 11 1  i 11
Put z = −1−i in (1), we get Z , Ans.
2 2
 1  i   2  1  i   2  0
2

ii. Given that

  1  i    2  2i  2  0
2

z 2  1  iz
2

1  i   2i  0  a   a 2
2
  z2  i z 1  0

 a  b  
Comparing with
1  i  2 1 i   2i  0  a 2  b 2  2ab
2 2 2

az 2  bz  c  0, we obtain
a  1, b  i, c  1
Genius Series Maths 11 27 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
By quadratic formula iv. Z2+4 = 0
Sol. Given that
b  b 2  4ac
z Z2+4 = 0
2a  Z   4   0
2

  i    i   4 1 1  Z 2   1 4   0

2

z  Putting values 

2 1  Z 2   i 2  22   0  i 2  1

  Z    2i   0
2 2
i  i2  4
z
2   Z  2i  Z  2i   0
i  1  4  Z  2i  0 or Z  2i  0
z
2
 i 2  1  Z  2i or Z  2i
 Z  2i Ans.
i 3
z Q.6. Find the solution to the following
2
 3 i equations.
z i. Z4 + Z 2 + 1 = 0
2
3 1
Sol. Given that
z  i Ans. z4  z2 1  0
2 2
 z4 1 z2  0
iii. Given that
  z 2   1  2  z 2  1  z 2  0
2 2
z2  2z  i  0
Comparing with
az 2  bz  c  0, we obtain
  Z 2  1  Z 2  0
2
 a  b
2
 a 2  b 2  2ab 
a  1, b  2, c  i   Z  1  Z  Z  1  Z   0
2 2

By quadratic formula   Z 2  Z  1 Z 2  Z  1  0

b  b 2  4ac  Z 2  Z  1  0 or Z 2  Z  1  0
z
2a Consider
Z 2  Z 1  0
  2    2   4 1 i 
2

z Here a = 1, b = 1, c = 1
2 1 b  b 2  4ac
Z  Quadratic Formula 
2  4  4i 2a
z 1  1  4 1  3
2 Z 
2  4 1  i 
2 2
z 1  i 3 1 1
2 Z Z   i 3
2 2 2
2  4 1 i Now for
z
2 Z 2  Z  1  0, we have
2  2 1 i a = 1, b = −1, c = 1
z By quadratic formula
2
2 2 1 i b  b 2  4ac
z  Z
2 2 2a
 z  1  1  i Ans.   1   1
2
 4 11
Z
2 1
Genius Series Maths 11 28 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
1  1  4 1  3 a3  b3   a  b   a 2  ab  b2  , we get
Z 
2 2   z  1  1   z  1   z  11  1   0
2 2

1 3 1 1
Z   i 3
2 2 2  z  1  1  z 2  2 z  1  z  1  1  0
z  z 2  2z  1  z  2  0
Hence
1 1
Z    i 3 Ans. z  z 2  3z  3  0
2 2
Sol. ii. Given that z  0 , or z 2  3z  3  0  Quadratic equation 
Z 3  8 Here
a = 1, b = −3, c = 3
 Z3 8  0
By quadratic formula
 Z 3  23  0
 a 3  b3   b  b 2  4ac
  Z  2   Z  2Z  4   0 
Z
  a  b   a 2  ab  b 2  
2
2a
 
 Z  2  0 or Z 2  2Z  4  0   3   3   4 1 3
2

Consider Z
Z 20 2 1
 Z  2 3  9  12
Now consider Z
2
Z 2  2 Z  4  0  Quadratic equation 
3  3 3  1 3
Here a  1, b  2, c  4 Z 
By quadratic formula 2 2
3  1 3
Z
b  b 2  4ac Z
2

ab  a . b 
2a 3i 3
  2    2 
2
 4 1 4 
Z
2

1  i 
Z
2 1 Z 
3 3
i
2 2
2  4  16
Z 3 1
2 Hence Z  0,  i 3 Ans.
2 2
2  12 2  1. 12 2  i 4  3
Z   iv. Z = 1
3
2 2 2
2  i2 3 2 2 Sol. Given that
Z  i 3  1 i 3 z3  1
2 2 2
 Z 3 1  0
Z  1 i 3  Z 3  13  0
Hence Z  2, 1  i 3 Ans. By using the formula
a3  b3   a  b   a 2  ab  b2  , we get
 Z -1  z  1  z 2  z  1  0
3
iii. = -1
Sol. Given that  z  1  0 or z 2  z  1  0
 Z  1  1
3
Consider
z 1  0
  Z  1  1  0
3

 z 1
 Z  1  13  0
3
Now consider
By using the formula z 2  z  1  0  Quadratic equation 
Genius Series Maths 11 29 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
Here z  5i
a  1, b  1, c  1 v. If z = x+iy and  1 then z lies on
z  5i
By Quadratic formula a. X-axis b. Y-axis
1  1  4 11 c. line y = 5 d. none of these.
Z
2 1 vi. The Multiplicative inverse of z = 3−2i is
1 1
Z
1  1  4 a.  3  2i  b.  3  2i 
3 13
2
1 1
Z
1  3 c.  3  2i  d.  3  2i 
13 4
2
vii. If  x  iy  2  3i   4  i , then
1  1 3
Z
2 14 5
a. x ,y
1  1 3
Z
2
 ab  a . b  5
13
14
13

1  i 3 b. x ,y
Z
2
 1  i  13 13
1 1 14 5
Z  i 3 c. x ,y
2 2 13 13
Hence 5 14
d. x ,y
1 1 13 13
Z  1,  i 3 Ans.
2 2 Q.1. (i). Sol. (b)
 2i  4  1
2 2
 2i 
   2 2
REVIEW EXERCISE 1

Q.1. Choose the correct option:  1  i  1  i 
2
1  i  2 1 i 
2
 2i 
2
4 4 2
i.     
1 i  1  1  2i 2i i
a. i b. 2i 2 i 2i 2i
   2   2i
c. 1-i d. 1-2i i i i 1
5  2i
ii. Divide (ii) Sol. (c)
4  3i
7 26 5 2 5  2i
a.  i b.  i
25 25 4 3 4  3i
14 23
 i
26 23
 i 5  2i 4  3i  5  2i  4  3i 
c. d.   
25 25 7 7 4  3i 4  3i  4    3i 
2 2

20  15i  8i  6i 2 20  23i  6  1

1
iii. i 57  25 when simplified has the value
 
i 16  9  1 16  9
(a) 0 b. 2i c. −2i d. 2.
20  23i  6 14  23i 14 23
    i
iv. 1  i 2  i 4  i 6  .....  i 2 n is 25 25 25 25
a. positive b. negative c. 0
(iii). Sol. (c)
d. cannot be determined 1 1  1 
i 57   i   i  i  0  h int : i 57  i,  i 
i 25 i  i 
Genius Series Maths 11 30 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
(iv). Sol. (d) 5 14
Since the value of n is not given, so  x  iy   i
13 13
1  i 2  i 4  i 6  ...  i 2 n 5 14
cannot be determined. x and y 
13 13
(v). Sol. (a)
Q.2. Show that
z  5i
1 i n + i n+1 + i n+2 + i n+3 = 0 , n  N
z  5i Sol. To show that
x  iy  5i  1 n  N
  1  z  x  iy  i n  i n 1  i n  2  i n 3  0 
x  iy  5i
We use the principle of mathematical
x   y  5 i  Z1 Z  induction.
 1   1 
x   y  5 i  Z2 Z2 Step-1: To prove for n = 1.
  Put n = 1 in (1), we obtain
x2   y  5 i1  i11  i1 2  i1 3  0
2

 1  i  i 2  i3  i 4  0
x 2   y  5
2

 i  1  i  1  0  i 2  1, i 3  i, i 4  1
 x 2   y  5  x 2   y  5 True 
2 2
00
 x   y  5  x   y  5
2 2 2 2
Therefore true for n = 1
 x 2  y 2  10 y  25  x 2  y 2  10 y  25 Step-2: Suppose (1) is true for n = k i.e.
 10 y  10 y  0
i k  i k 1  i k  2  i k 3  0  Hypothesis 
 20 y  0
 y0 Step-3: To prove for n = k+1 i.e.
Which is the equation of x-axis. i k 1  i k 11  i k 1 2  i k 1 3  0
(vi) Sol. (b)  i k 1  i k  2  i k 3  i k  4  0 (Target)
z  3  2i
For this
3  2i  Z 
 z 1   Z 1  2  i k 1  i k  2  i k  3  i k  4  i.i k  i.i k 1  i.i k  2  i.i k  3
3   2   
 i  i k  i k 1  i k  2  i k  3 
2 2
 Z 


3  2i 3  2i 1
   3  2i   i  0   by hypothesis 
94 13 13  0 True 
(vii) Sol. (b) Therefore true for n = k+1
 x  iy  2  3i   4  i Hence by the principle of mathematical
4i induction (1) is true,  n  N.
 x  iy 
2  3i Q.3.i. Express the following complex
4  i 2  3i numbers in the form x+iy
 x  iy  
2  3i 2  3i i  1  3i    5  7i 
 x  iy 
8  12i  2i  3i 2  1  5    3i  7i 
 2    3i   6  10i Ans.
2 2

8  14i  3
 x  iy 
4  9  1  ii  1  3i    5  7i 
5  14i  1  3i  5  7i
 x  iy 
49  1  5  3i  7i
5  14i  4  4i Ans.
 x  iy 
13
Genius Series Maths 11 31 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
iii. 1  3i  5  7i  1+ i 1-i
Q.5. Find the modulus of -
 5  7i  15i  21i 2 1- i 1+ i
 5  22i  21 1 Sol. Let
 5  22i  21 1 i 1 i
Z 
 5  21  22i 1 i 1 i
 16  22i Ans. Z ?
iv. Now
1  3i 1 i 1 i
Z 
5  7i 1 i 1 i
1  3i 5  7i  Multiplying and  1  i   1  i 
2 2
=   
5  7i 5  7i  dividing by 5  7i 
Z  By taking L.C.M 
1  i 1  i 
5  7i  15i  21i 2
  a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b   1  i 2
 2i   1  i 2  2i   a 2  b 2 
 5   7i  Z
2 2
   a  b  a  b  
1   i 
2 2
 
5  8  21 1

25  49  1
 i 2  1
 1  1  2i    1  1  2i 

5  8i  21 Z
11
 i 2  1
25  49
26  8i 2i  2i 4 2 i
 Z   2i
74 2 2
26 8  Z  2i
  i
74 74  Z  2i

13 4
 i Ans.  Z  0  2i
37 37
Q.4. If Z1 = 2 - i, Z 2 = 1 + i
 Z  0
2
  2
2
 a  bi  a 2  b2 
 Z  04
Z + Z2 + 1
Find 1  Z  4
Z1 - Z 2 + 1
 Z  2 Ans.
Sol.
Z1  Z 2  1 2  i  1  i  1 1
 Q.6. Find the conjugate of
Z1  Z 2  1 2  i  1  i  1 3 + 4i
4 4 Sol. Let
 
2  2i 2  2i 1
Z
4  4  4 and  3  4i
  
2  a  bi  a  b  Z ?
 2    2  
2 2 2

Now
4 4 4
   1
44 8 4 2 Z
4 2 3  4i
 
2 2 2 1 3  4i  Multiplying and 
Z    
2 2 3  4i 3  4i  dividing by 3  4i 
 ( a a . a , a  0)
3  4i
2 Z    a  b  a  b   a 2
 b2 
 3   4i 
2 2
 2 Ans.
3  4i
Z 
9  16
 i 2  1
Genius Series Maths 11 32 Unit-1 Complex Numbers
3  4i 1 i
Z   z    Multiplyinng and dividing by i 
1

25 i i
3 4
Z   i
25 25
Taking conjugate on both sides, we obtain
 z 1 
i

i
i 2 1
i 2  1
 3 4   z 1  i Ans.
Z    i
 25 25  Q.8. Solve the quadratic equation
3 4 2
Z   i Ans. z+ =2.
25 25 z
Sol. The given equation is
Q.7. Find the multiplicative inverse of
2
3i + 2 z 2
Z= z
3 - 2i
 2
Sol. Given that  z  z    z  2   Multiplying both sides by z 
 z
3i  2
z  z  z  2z
2 2
3  2i z
z 1  ?  z2  2  2z
Now  z 2  2 z  2  0  Quadratic equation 
3i  2
z Comparing with
3  2i az 2  bz  c  0, we have
2  3i
z a =1, b =  2, c = 2
3  2i
2  3i 3  2i  Multiplying and 
By quadratic formula
z   
3  2i 3  2i  dividing by 3  2i  b  b 2  4ac
z
 2  3i  3  2i  2a
z
 3  2i  3  2i    2    2 
2
 4 1 2 
z
6  4i  9i  6i 2 1
2
z   a  b  a  b   a 2
 b2 
 3   2i 
2 2

2 48
6  13i  6  1 z
z
9  4  1
 i  1
2 2
2  4
z
6  13i 6 2
z 2  4  1
94 z
2
13 i
z 2  4 1
13 z
2
 ab  a . b 
 z  i   1 2  2i
Now
z
2
 1  i 
1 2 2
z 1  z  i  z  1  i Ans.
z 2 2
Use 1 
1 1
z 
i End of Unit-1