Herbert Puchta, Jeff Stranks & Peter Lewis-Jones

Student’s Book 4
 Welcome section A Grammar Past tense review; be used to + gerund vs. used to + infinitive; B Grammar should / should have; wish
Vocabulary Personality; make and do Vocabulary Problems; friends
Reading The Real Rain Man Reading Magazine reader’s problems

Unit Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation

1 Sport with a Relative clauses review Sports Intonation in
difference Relative clauses with which questions

2 People are people What clauses Personality Sentence stress

Verbs + gerund/infinitive review Vocabulary bank: Personality and rhythm

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

3 Time travellers Reported speech review Expressions with time Schwa /ə/
Reporting verbs review Vocabulary bank: Expressions with time

4 In and out of fashion Would and used to Common adverbial phrases // accident and
Adverbs and adverbial phrases Vocabulary bank: Adverbial phrases /e/ excitement

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

5 Do something! Conditionals review Ways of getting involved Contractions in third

Mixed conditionals Vocabulary bank: Ways of getting involved conditionals

6 Our world Future continuous Global issues /δ/ the and /θ/ thing
Future perfect

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

7 Peacemakers Past perfect passive Conflicts and solutions Linking sounds

Past perfect continuous Vocabulary bank: Conflicts and solutions

8 Kindness matters Dummy it Making an effort Linking sounds:

Modal verbs review Vocabulary bank: Making an effort intrusive /w/ and /j/

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

9 Language Phrasal verbs review Meanings of phrasal verbs Words ending in

Understanding language -ough
Vocabulary bank: Language

10 Using fame to help Reduced relative clauses Fame Intonation in

Question tags review Expressing opinions question tags
Vocabulary bank: Expressions with opinion

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

11 Music is everywhere Indirect questions Qualifying comparisons Record (noun) and

Verbs + wh- clauses Listening to music record (verb)
Vocabulary bank: Music
12 Nature’s best Participle clauses Geographical features /i/ sit and /i/ seat
Didn’t need to / needn’t have Travel verbs
Vocabulary bank: Travel

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

13 Natural health Passive report structures Health and medicine /n/ thin and /ŋ/ thing
Feelings
Vocabulary bank: Feelings

14 Movie magic Clauses of purpose: to / in order to / Reacting to films Word stress in multi-
so as to Vocabulary bank: Reactions syllabic words
Result clauses with so / such (that)

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Pronunciation • Vocabulary bank • Get it Right! • Projects • Speaking B • Irregular verbs and phonetics
C Grammar Present perfect and future passives; Future predictions D Grammar Make / let / be/ allowed to; modals of deduction (past)
Vocabulary Crimes; getting into trouble Vocabulary Television; anger
Reading Interview about young people and gangs Reading Dialogue between mother and daughter

Speaking & Functions Listening Reading Writing

Talking about new sports An interview with two Article: chessboxing A composition about
Talking about sportsmen and sportswomen sportswomen Culture in mind: Weird sports from a sport
around the world

Important qualities in a friend Practical jokes Questionnaire on personality A physical and

Talking about jokes Photostory: You’re both being a pain personality description

Using expressions with time An interview about a TV series Article: Dr Who An email
Talking about revision for exams Magazine: advice column
Talking about time travel Literature in mind: The Time Machine
Toy crazes Flash mobs Popular gimmicks A formal letter
Talking about flash mobs Song: Accessory

Talking about raising money for charity An interview about politicians Article: Run, Izzie, run! A letter to raise money
Talking about voluntary work and voting Culture in mind: Raising money for charity
Talking about politicians and voting for charity
Coming of age
Talking about the future of the planet The Global Village A blog on a town in Colombia An article on the
Talking about The Global Village The Global Village future
Photostory: It’s not very green, is it?

Talking about conflicts and resolutions Conversation about a Conflict Alfred Nobel Rests in Peace Writing about a person
Resolution Programme Literature in mind: Pride and Prejudice you admire
Aung San Suu Kyi

Talking about kindness People talking about The Kindness Offensive Writing a summary
Talking about presents special presents
Song: Put a Little Love in
Your Heart

Talking about language, accents and translation A TV programme on Lost in Translation A story
different accents Culture in mind: Artificial languages
People who speak English
around the world

Talking about UN Goodwill Ambassadors Opinion on politics and Celebrity Ambassadors A composition about
famous people Photostory: Isn’t she that model? the advantages and
disadvantages of a
given topic

Talking about TV talent shows An interview: talking about music TV talent shows Mini saga
Talking about music and musical instruments Literature in mind: High Fidelity Limerick
Haiku
Talking about the Seven Wonders of the World A holiday story Extracts of a travel guide, a travel blog A description of your
Talking about trips Song: Over the Rainbow and a work of fiction favourite place in the
whole world

Talking about animal behaviour Flower remedies Article: When animals are ill An article for a
Talking about flower remedies Advert: alternative medicine school magazine
Culture in mind: Great breakthroughs
in medicine
Talking about films and movie therapy A conversation about the film, Movie therapy Synopsis of
The Beach and movie therapy Photostory: What’s so funny? a film
 Welcome section A
Grammar: past tense review; be/get used to
+ gerund vs. used to + infinitive
Vocabulary: personality adjectives; make and do

Read and listen

a Read about Laurence Kim Peek. How was he special?

The Real Rain Man

Laurence Kim Peek was born in Salt Lake City on However, other areas of his development were not so
11 November 1951. It was clear from an early age advanced. He did not walk until the age of four and had
that he was not like other children. A scan showed problems with ordinary motor skills such as doing up a
that the two halves of his brain were not connected button or tying his shoe laces. He had poor social skills
in the usual way. As a result, Laurence developed the and was extremely sensitive when meeting new people.
most amazing memory skills. From as early as two, he He also did badly in intelligence tests.
showed a fascination with books. He used to pick up
In 1984, Peek and his father were attending a convention,
books, read them and put them back on the shelf upside
when they met Hollywood film writer Barry Morrow. He
down to show that he had finished reading them. He
was fascinated by Peek and began to write a new script based
remembered everything he had read.
loosely on his experiences. The result was Rain Man, a film
He soon began to memorise huge amounts of which won four Oscars, including best film, in 1988. The
information on subjects such as history, geography, sport, film made a big difference to Peek’s life. His new-found fame
music and literature. He also had an incredible ability helped him to become more self-confident and independent.
with numbers and dates. He quickly got used to being the centre of attention and
made several appearances on TV. He also travelled extensively
He developed a special technique to help him read
around the country with his father to raise awareness of the
quickly. He read the left page with his left eye and the
condition he suffered from. Morrow gave his Oscar statuette
right page with his right eye. He could read at a speed
to Peek to take with him. It became known as the ‘most
of about ten seconds a page and, by reading two pages
loved Oscar ever’, as Peek insisted that everyone he met
at the same time, it would take him less than an hour to
should take a turn at holding it. He died, sadly, of a heart
read a whole book. By the age of 30 he had memorised
attack at the end of 2009.
the contents of around 12,000 books.

b CD1 T02 Read the text 2 Past tense review

again and listen. Mark the
Complete the text with the correct past tense of
statements T (true) or F (false).
the verbs.
1 The right and left sides of
Gilles Trehin was born in France in 1972. When he was
Peek’s brain were not
eight, his family 1 moved (move) to the USA. While they
connected. T 2
(live) in America, doctors 3 (diagnose)
2 Peek had an amazing Gilles with autism. Over the years he 4
(develop)
memory. a great talent for music, mental calculation and drawing. He
3 Peek could read two different 5
(begin) to draw plans of an imaginary city called
things at the same time. Urville in 1984.
4 Peek had trouble carrying out While he 6 (work) on plans for the modern form of
basic physical actions. the city he 7 (start) creating a culture and history
5 Peek won an Oscar. for it. Gilles says that the Romans 8 (give) Urville its
6 Peek was never comfortable name, but it was founded by the Phoenicians who 9
with his fame. (call) it Sea Horse City before the Roman invasion.

4 WELCOME SECTION
3 be / et used to + erund
vs. used to + infinitive
Circle the correct words.
I 1 used / am used to go surfing every morning. That’s how I
lost my leg to a shark. I 2used / am used to enter competitions.
I won quite a few trophies. Now I have to watch from the
beach. It was tough at first but 3I’m used / I used to it now.
At first it was really weird having only one leg. I spent about six
months getting used to 4go / going everywhere in a wheelchair
and then the doctor told me I was ready for an artificial leg. He
fitted it a year ago and, at first, I found it really hard to use but 5I completely used / I’m completely used
to walking on it now. It’s so comfortable I sometimes forget it’s not my real leg.
I used to 6 have / having a really active life. Apart from the surfing I 7am used / used to go mountain
biking and hiking. At first I thought I’d lose all that, but it’s amazing how much you can still do. Of course,
I’m not as quick as I used to 8 being / be but I can still have fun.
I haven’t got used to 9go / going back into the sea yet. It’s difficult to get the memory of that shark
attack out of my head.

4 Personality adjectives 5 make and do

Match the adjectives with the people. Complete the text with the correct
bossy imaginative form of make or do.
considerate sensible My problems at school began when we
sensitive 1 independent started to learn to read and write. All
determined insensitive those letters of the alphabet – they just
bad-tempered ambitious didn’t 1 make any sense to me. I tried
to 2 my best, but every time I
1 Whatever you do, don’t say anything about her wrote a word I just 3 a mess on
new haircut. She hates it and gets really upset the page. The other kids started to
when people say anything negative about her. 4
fun of me and call me stupid.
2 Everyone says that Tim’s not good enough for the It got really bad and I started to hate
school football team but he says he’s going to school. I had to 5 a real effort
prove them all wrong. just to get out of bed in the mornings.
3 Paul spends a lot of time visiting his elderly aunt. My mum got quite worried and took
He knows how lonely old people can get. me to an educational psychologist. The
4 Your son makes up the most amazing stories. psychologist 6 some tests and
He’s got real talent! found out that I was dyslexic, which
5 I love Jim but he does have a habit of always basically means that I have a problem
saying the wrong thing at the wrong time. with the written language. Finding
6 Lucy says she’s going to be a big boss before she’s this out 7 a huge difference
25. Good luck to her! because, once my teacher knew what
7 My big sister is always telling me what I can and the problem was, she could start to help
can’t do. Who does she think she is? My mother?
me. Although my writing was still bad,
8 Nathan’s always liked doing things on his own. I8 a lot of progress because
Even as a baby, he would never let me feed him.
people stopped treating me as if I was
He always wanted the spoon in his own hands.
stupid.
9 You can leave your kids with Maria. She won’t let
them do anything stupid.
10 I can’t ask my dad anything. He just shouts at me
every time I open my mouth.

WELCOME SECTION 5
 Welcome section B
Grammar: should / should have; wish
Vocabulary: problems; friends

Read and listen

a Read the letter of advice from a magazine’s ‘Readers’ Problems’ column. Which of these best
describes the original problem?
1 Annie has fallen out with her father about what she should do when she leaves school.
2 Annie wants to give up her job and go to university but she hasn’t got enough money.
3 Annie has had an argument with her father about her boyfriend.

I understand exactly how you feel – I left school at

16 to work in a supermarket. My parents thought
it was a bad idea. They told me I should stay at
The second reason
for this story is that
I want you to know
school and get the best education possible. For your mum and dad
a couple of years it was great. I had more money aren’t quite the fools
than my friends, could spend more time with my you might think
boyfriend and, of course, I didn’t have to go to they are. My dad
school. Two years later they all finished school wasn’t as forceful as
and went off to university, while I was still stuck at yours, but I should
home living with my parents. For five years I wished have listened to
I hadn’t left school so early. I wished I had done the what he had to say, even if I didn’t take his advice.
same as my friends. Then one day I realised that it Remember, parents always want what’s best for their
wasn’t too late. I enrolled at night school and three children, even if it doesn’t always seem that way.
years later I proudly took myself off to university to
The first thing you need to do is make friends with
start my journalism course. Since then I’ve never
your dad again. I’m sure if you sit down with him and
had a single regret about my professional life.
talk things over, you’ll both be able to work things
There are two reasons why I am telling you this out. You need to let him know that you’re willing
story. Firstly, and most importantly, you need to to listen to him but that the final decision is yours.
realise that it’s never too late to change your mind. This is not about feeling guilty because you don’t
The choices that you make now don’t have to be want to let him down, this is about doing what you
for the rest of your life. In many ways, going to think is right for you. I’m sure that if he can see that
university when I was 26 was the best thing I ever you are serious, he will stand by you and offer you
did. I had more experience of life and I was more the support you need. And remember, if one day
motivated because I was older. I certainly knew that
you decide to do things differently, there’s nothing
I didn’t want to spend the rest of my life working in
stopping you from doing so.
a supermarket.

b CD1 T03 Read the letter again and listen. Tick (✓) the four pieces of advice it offers Annie.
1 It’s important to realise that you don’t have to do the same thing your whole life.
2 It’s essential to make the right decision about what you want to do when you leave school.
3 Listen to your parents – they can be a good source of advice.
4 You should understand that parents have their children’s interests at heart.
5 Ask your mother to talk to your dad for you.
6 Don’t let the bad feeling between you and your dad get any worse.

6 WELCOME SECTION
2 should / should have
Match the two parts of the sentences.
1 You should go to the doctor’s, a you’d be feeling better by now.
2 You should have gone to the doctor’s, b that’s a nasty cut.
3 We should leave in five minutes, c so we don’t have to run to the station.
4 We should have left earlier, d now we’re going to miss the train.

3 wish
a Do these sentences refer to a present or past situation? Write present or past.
1 I wish my parents understood me better. present 4 I wish I wasn’t so bad at football.
2 I wish I hadn’t shouted at my mum. 5 I wish I had more time to do things.
3 I wish I had told her how I was feeling. 6 I wish I hadn’t lied to him.

b Write wish sentences for these people.

1 I wish 2 I wish 3 I wish

4 Problems 5 Friends
Choose the correct words to complete the text. Read the poem and match the underlined
1
A really big problem b up yesterday. I spent hours phrases with the meanings.
thinking it 2 and trying to 3 it out. I just couldn’t Best friends?
4
my mind up about what to do. I 5 it over with I thought you’d always 1stand by me
my friends but no one could help. So I tried ignoring And be there by my side,
it during the afternoon, but it just wouldn’t 6 away. But then you went and 2told on me
In the end I decided to 7 on it and 8 back to it And said that I had lied.
in the morning. And guess what? It worked. When I
woke up, I found I’d completely forgotten what the I thought you would 3stick up for me
problem was! When others called me names,
1 a went b came c appeared But then you went and 4let me down
And joined in with their games.
2 a over b about c around
3 a fix b solve c work I thought we always 5got on well,
4 a make b do c decide I thought you were my friend.
But then you went and fought with me.
5 a talked b discussed c spoke
We’ve 6fallen out again.
6 a go b disappear c come
a told someone about a bad thing I did 2
7 a sleep b rest c nap
b disappointed me
8 a think b return c come
c had a good relationship
d support me
e stopped being friends
f defend me

WELCOME SECTION 7
 Welcome section C
Grammar: present perfect and future passives; future predictions
Vocabulary: crimes; getting into trouble

Read and listen b CD1 T04 Read the article again

and listen. Answer the questions.
a Paddy Thomas is concerned about young
1 What do new crime figures show?
people and gangs. Read the interview. How
does he think he can help fight this problem? 2 What areas are most hit by gang
crime?
3 How does Paddy’s scheme work?
4 What sort of things do the police
mentors do with the children and
why?
5 Why is the scheme for such young
children?
Presenter: New statistics
6 What future plans does Paddy have?
have been released today
that show gang crimes are
on the increase in the UK. They also show 2 Present perfect and
that there has been a rise in teenagers being arrested for
crimes such as burglary, shoplifting and vandalism. Many future passives
people feel that, if nothing is done soon, then this problem
a Complete the sentences with the
is likely to get worse. One man who wants to do something
is Paddy Thomas from the Chance UK charity. He hopes his
words in the box.
new plan will prevent children from getting into trouble
and committing more serious crimes in the future. have given will be taken
will spend will be helped
Paddy Thomas: More and more children in deprived inner-city will apologise has been chosen
areas are turning to gangs because they don’t know anything has been arrested will tell
different. These children are often from broken families in
which there is no father figure. Our idea involves identifying 1 14-year-old Gary Hall
children between the ages of five and eleven who we feel are has been arrested four times in
at risk. We then assign these children to police officers who the last year.
act as mentors. The officers meet up with the children once a
week to do things like going to football matches or going on 2 Now the police him one
days out to the beach. It’s a chance for the kids to hang out last chance.
with a strong role model and do the normal things that most 3 He to take part in a new
children of their age do. government anti-crime experiment.
Presenter: Why are you concentrating on children who are 4 Gary to meet the victims
so young? of his crimes.
Paddy Thomas: Because the problem starts at an early age. 5 Gary an afternoon with
We know that children as young as seven have been used by the victims.
gangs to carry their weapons. One of the biggest problems is 6 They him how their lives
peer pressure. A lot of these children feel that, because all their have been changed by his crimes.
friends are in gangs, they should be too. If we can show these
children that there are other options, we hope they won’t be 7 Then Gary for what he has
persuaded to join the gangs. We’ve been experimenting with done.
the scheme for six months in the London area and the results 8 He is one of hundreds of teenagers
are very encouraging. We will probably be taking the idea to who by the new scheme.
other cities throughout the UK next year. If we are successful,
then we will see fewer young children turning to crime and
these neighbourhoods will be made safer for everyone.

8 WELCOME SECTION
b Make the sentences passive.
1 They have chosen our town to hold the next 4 More than 10,000 people will visit our town.
world swimming championships. 5 They will hold a big opening ceremony before
2 They will spend a lot of money on a new the championships begin.
swimming pool. 6 They have invited lots of famous people to
3 They have already sold a lot of tickets. watch the championships.

3 Future predictions
Put these events in order of how likely Steve thinks
they are to happen. 1= most likely, 6 = least likely
I’m not likely to have any children. 4
I won’t work in the family business.
I’ll probably be in a successful rock band.
I might live abroad.
I probably won’t get married.
I’ll be famous before I’m 30.
5 Gettin into trouble
4 Crimes Complete the text with the words in
What crimes have these people been arrested the box.
for? Match the words with the pictures.
getting sent put do broke doing
1 burglary 4 vandalism committing pay getting got
2 shoplifting 5 joyriding
As a child I was always 1 getting into trouble:
3 pick-pocketing 6 arson
whether at school or at home, it seemed I was
A B always 2 something wrong. I don’t
know why. I wasn’t a bad child. I just think I got
bored too easily. I think I first 3 the
law when I was about 15. I used to go shoplifting
with my friends. We didn’t really think we were
4
any crime. We thought it was a fun
way of getting stuff we wanted. Anyway, we kept
4 5
away with it so why would we want
to stop? Then we started doing more serious
C D stuff, like burglary and taking cars for a joyride.
Of course, one day I 6 caught. It was
on my 17th birthday and it felt like my world had
come to an end. I remember the police taking
me to my parents’ house. On the way there, they
were talking about how I might be 7 to
prison. I was so scared. Because it was my first
offence I was 8 on probation – but they
told me that next time it would be prison. I also
E F
had to 9 some community service. It
was either that or 10 a large fine, but
I didn’t have any money, so I spent 200 hours
gardening in the local park. Looking back now,
the day I got arrested was the best day of my life,
because it stopped my life of crime before it was
too late. I never broke the law again.

WELCOME SECTION 9
 Welcome section D
Grammar: make / let / be allowed to; modals of deduction (past)
Vocabulary: television; anger

Read and listen

a Read the dialogue and find out why Dana and Emily are upset.
Emily: What? It’s not working? Why not?
Mum: I’m not sure. It might have been
something I did while I was tidying up.
Emily: What do you mean?
Mum: Well, I accidentally knocked over a
vase with water in it. It went all over the
computer. And then it just stopped working.
Emily: What? The computer was on?
Mum: Well, no. But I switched it on to check
and it sort of just sparked a bit and then the
screen never came on.
Emily: You switched on a wet computer?
Don’t you know anything about water and
electricity?
Mum: I know. It wasn’t a great idea. I can’t have
been thinking straight. I’m sorry.
Emily: Well, that’s just great. How am I going to
chat with my friends now? And what about
Emily: What’s up with Dana? I asked her if I my homework? I’ve got three compositions
could borrow her red shoes and she nearly to write.
bit my head off!
Mum: What about pen and paper? It worked
Mum: It’s not you she’s cross with. It’s your fine for me when I was at school.
dad. She’s mad at him because he forgot to
Emily: Ha, ha, Mum, that’s really funny.
record the latest episode of her favourite
Honestly, I don’t know how I’m supposed
serial. You know, that one set in a hospital.
to do anything in this family. Thanks a lot,
Emily: Casualty! She must have been furious. Mum.
That’s her favourite TV show.
Mum: It was an accident. We’ll get it fixed.
Mum: She was. She’s refusing to speak to him. Don’t worry.
Emily: Well, it’s her own fault. Why does she Emily: That’ll take weeks. I’m off to bed. I’ve
make him do everything for her? She should had enough of this house.
learn how to set the recorder on the DVD
Mum: Oh, the pleasures of having teenage
player herself.
daughters!
Mum: Well, you know your dad. He won’t let
anyone mess with his TV control. b CD1 T05 Read the dialogue again and
Emily: I suppose you’re right. No one’s allowed listen. Who...
to touch his remote control. Anyway, can’t 1 did Dana shout at for no real reason?
she watch it on the computer? 2 is Dana angry with?
Mum: Well, she could, if the computer was 3 doesn’t like people messing with the TV?
working.
4 broke the computer?
5 needs the computer to do homework?
6 is Emily mad at?

10 WELCOME SECTION
2 make / let / be allowed to 4 Television
a Use the correct form of make, let or be allowed to Complete the text with the words
to complete the sentences. in the box.
1 My dad makes us do our homework before we serial contestant celebrity
can watch any TV. presenter viewing figures
2 My parents me stay out until 11 pm at episode audience viewers
the weekends.
3 I use dad’s computer if I ask him first. The BBC has been forced to cancel its
latest quiz show Famous Brains after
4 Mum my little sister write ‘Thank you’
disappointing 1 viewing figures . The
letters for her Christmas presents every year.
show, which features a 2 and
5 Dad me practise driving in his car. 3
a non-famous ……….. trying to answer
6 My little sister eat sweets after dinner questions in front of a studio 4 ,
on Fridays as a special treat. has been attracting less than 100,000
5
7 My sister sometimes me borrow her a week since it started eight
clothes if she’s feeling generous. weeks ago. 6 Jim Diamond says
that he was disappointed by the BBC’s
8 My brother me pay him £1 every time
decision but hopes that he will still be
I borrow his bike.
able to work for the corporation. The
b Write some of the rules in your family. Use make, let show will be replaced by the American
7
and be allowed to. The Vyper Squad and the first
8
can be seen this Friday at 9 pm
on BBC 2.
3 Modals of deduction (past)
Complete the sentences with might, must or can’t 5 An er
and the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Match the two parts of the
Ben: Hey! Who’s eaten my
sentences.
ham sandwich? I was
looking forward to that. 1 There’s no need to bite my h
Will: It 1 must have been 2 Mum always gets cross
(be) the dog, I’m sure. He 3 My mother really lost
always eats food that’s 4 My dad’s mad
lying about.
5 I can’t believe you still bear
Ben: No, it 2
6 I like Olivia but she is a bit hot-
(be) him. I left the sandwich in the fridge. I know the
dog’s clever but he can’t open the fridge door. 7 My little brother always has

Will: What about Steve? He 3 (take) it by 8 Calm down. Keep your

4
mistake. He (think) you made it for him.
a with me when I don’t tidy my
Ben: No way! Steve 5 (eat) it. He’s a bedroom.
vegetarian.
b at me because of my school report.
Will: Right, so it 6 (be) someone else. What
c headed and you have to be careful
about Kevin?
what you say.
Ben: I suppose it 7 (be) him but it’s not the
d a tantrum when he doesn’t get
sort of thing he usually does. No, I don’t think it was
what he wants.
him.
e cool. It’s only a game!
Will: And it 8 (be) Dave, because he’s visiting
his parents this weekend. f her temper today. She shouted
at us.
Ben: You’re right. So it’s not Dave, it’s not Kevin, it’s not
Steve and it’s not the dog. That leaves one person: g a grudge after all this time.
You. You 9 (steal) it. h head off – I only asked to borrow
Will: Oh, that ham sandwich. Was it yours? I’m sorry. £10.

WELCOME SECTION 11
 Sport with a difference
Relative clauses: review
Relative clauses with which
Vocabulary: sports

Read and listen

a Which of these words refer to boxing? Which of them refer to chess?
Which of them refer to both? Write each word in the correct column.

queen gloves ring board round referee checkmate boxing chess both

b Read the text quickly to find answers to these questions.

1 What is chessboxing?
2 What nationality is the first chessboxing world champion?

Is it chess? Or is it boxing?
It’s fight night in a Berlin club. The lights mental strength equals
go down, the door opens and out walks a their physical strength.
salesman from San Francisco. David ‘Double But why do it in the
D’ Depto has travelled 8,000 kilometres in first place? Why put
search of glory. As he first walks, then jogs, yourself through this physical
towards the boxing ring, the muscular, and mental torture? For David
bare-chested American looks cool and Depto, it’s all about proving that you
confident. But so does his opponent. Waiting can be a boxer and still have a brain.
for him in the blue corner is Frank Stoldt, ‘Everybody thinks that boxers aren’t very
a tall, strong German policeman, who calls clever, which isn’t necessarily true,’ says
himself ‘Anti-Terror Frank’. For obvious David. ‘When you combine chess and boxing,
c CD1 T06 Read reasons, the crowd is on his side. it shows that fighters can be smart people,
the text again and and that smart people can be tough.’
listen. Answer the The bell rings. Round one! The fighters come
The sport has taken off in Germany, where
out. But then, something rather strange
questions. they are preparing the next generation of
happens. The two players sit down at a table
1 Why is it ‘obvious’ chessboxing champions. It’s even being taught
which has a chessboard on it and start playing
in a Berlin school. ‘My mum said I should
that the crowd chess – in the middle of the boxing ring.
learn boxing for self-defence,’ a
wants Frank Stoldt ‘Why?’ you may ask yourself. Well, this is
ten-year-old pupil says. ‘I just love the way
to win? chessboxing, and tonight is the final of the
you can combine it with chess.’
first chessboxing World Championship.
2 What are the two Back in the ring, it is round seven and
The rules of a chessboxing match are
ways in which a the players are locked in battle around
simple. There is one round of chess and
match can finish? then one round of boxing. Punching power
the chessboard, sweat pouring from their
3 How can foreheads. Suddenly, Frank Stoldt sees an
alternates with brain power. (And if you’re
opening and moves in to finish the match.
chessboxing wondering how they can move the pieces with
Queen to G7... checkmate!
change some their boxing gloves on, well, they take them
The referee stops the match, the crowd
people’s opinions, off before the rounds of chess.) All in all, you
erupts – the local hero has won and is given
according to David have 11 rounds in which to checkmate your
the world title belt, which proves that,
Depto? opponent – or knock him out.
when it comes to mixing brains and
Two sports in one means double the pain,
4 How did Stoldt muscle, Germany really is
and double the pressure. Before this big
win the match the Grand Master.
fight, Frank spent hours doing exercises that
to become prepared his mind as well as his muscles.
champion? Winners in chessboxing are people whose

12 UNIT 1
 3 Grammar
Discussion box
Think of two other sports that could
Relative clauses with which
be combined to create a new sport, a Look at the examples. What does which refer
and explain how it would work. to in these two sentences?
1 Everybody thinks that boxers aren’t very clever,
which isn’t necessarily true.
2 Grammar 2 He won the world championship, which proves
Relative clauses: review that he’s a great fighter.

a Use the text in Exercise 1 to complete b Complete the rule. Write which and that.
these sentences.
1 He is a tall, strong German policeman, RULE: The pronoun normally refers to
who calls himself ‘Anti-Terror Frank’. a noun, but it can sometimes refer to the whole
of a previous clause.
2 They sit down at a table has a
What, and who cannot be used in
chessboard on it.
this way.
3 Frank spent hours doing exercises Frank won the match, which made his fans
prepare his mind as well as his muscles. very happy.
4 Winners in chessboxing are people NOT Frank won the match, what made his fans
mental strength equals their physical very happy.
strength.
5 The sport has taken off in Germany,
they are preparing the next generation of c Complete the second sentence so that it has
champions. a similar meaning to the first. Use which.
1 People sometimes get badly hurt in boxing.
b Complete the rule. That makes it a controversial sport.
People sometimes get badly hurt in boxing,
RULE: We use to refer to people.
which makes it a controversial sport.
We use or to refer to
things. 2 You need to be mentally and physically tough.
We use to refer to places. This is why you need to prepare well.
We use to refer to possession. You need to be to prepare well.
3 It is terrible that some people have been killed
in boxing matches.
c Mark the sentences D or A. Some people terrible.
D = the underlined part gives defining, 4 Chess is quite a complicated game. This means
important information about the person or players have to concentrate a lot.
thing(s). Chess concentrate a lot.
A = the underlined part gives additional 5 It is quite strange that two men sit in a boxing
information about the person or thing(s). ring and play chess.
1 One of the best fighters is David Depto, Two men sit quite strange.
who comes from San Francisco. A
6 The fact that chessboxing is becoming more
2 There are more and more people who are popular means that we might start to see it on
interested in watching chessboxing. TV soon.
3 There are schools in Germany that prepare Chessboxing is becoming to see it on
kids to become chessboxers. TV soon.
4 Chessboxing, which is a mixture of chess
and boxing, is growing in popularity.
5 Frank Stoldt, whose nickname is ‘Anti-Terror
Frank’, comes from Germany.

UNIT 1 13
 4 Speak and listen
a Look at the pictures and say what the sports are. Then put them into three categories.
Write the numbers in the boxes.
1 = have tried 2 = have never tried but would like to try 3 = have never tried and wouldn’t like to try

b What other sports can you add f CD1 T07 Listen to the first
to each category? part (about Allison Fisher) again
and answer the questions.
c Work in pairs. Discuss your
1 How old was she when she
categories and give reasons for
started playing snooker? And
your choices.
when she became the number
d You are going to hear about one player?
two sportswomen: Fabiola da 2 Why did she move to the USA?
Silva (inline skater) and Allison 3 How successful was she as a pool player in the USA?
Fisher (snooker and pool
player). Try to guess who says CD1 T07 Listen
the sentences. to the second part
1 ‘Being a girl just didn’t seem to (about Fabiola da
matter.’ Silva) again and
answer the questions.
2 ‘Back in those days, there
weren’t so many girls skating, 1 How old was she
and the skaters I really when she started
admired were men.’ skating? And when
she turned professional?
3 ‘There was talk about me
competing against the men 2 Why did she become famous?
and that created a lot of 3 Why does she think she does well in competitions?
attention.’
4 ‘I didn’t know the game of
Discussion box
pool, but I thought: how hard
can it be?’ 1 Do you know of any women who made it or
tried to make it in a male sport?
5 ‘I keep pushing the limits, you
2 Do you think women and men should be
know.’
allowed to compete in the same sports? Give
6 ‘I have my bad days, too.’
your reasons.
e CD1 T07 Listen and check
your answers.

14 UNIT 1
5 Vocabulary and speakin e Complete the questions with
Sports the correct form of the verbs
in the box.
a Read the texts. What sports are the people talking about?
Choose from the sports in the table in Exercise 5c. win score get sent off
1 ‘The sea was really rough and the waves were huge. I draw beat lose
got knocked off my board a few times but it was great.’
1 Do you think it’s silly that
surfing.
people get upset when their
2 ‘I took the ball past three of their defenders and then team loses. a match?
kicked it into the back of the net. All my team-mates ran
2 Have you ever a medal
across the pitch to celebrate with me. What a goal.’
or a cup in a sport?
3 ‘I love going down to the local rink to watch a game. The
3 How would you feel if your best
way those men move so quickly across the ice on their
friend you in a race ?
skates. And the control they have of the puck with their
sticks. It’s amazing.’ 4 What do you think of
footballers’ celebrations after
4 ‘His glove hit me really hard in the face. I’m glad I was
they a goal?
wearing a helmet. They had to carry me out of the ring.’
5 How do you think players
feel when they by the
5 ‘He hit the ball into the net. He was so angry that he
referee?
threw his racket on the ground. All around the court the
spectators started booing him.’ 6 In some sports (like basketball
and baseball), it is impossible to
6 ‘It’s my favourite sport. All you need is a cap, a costume
– one team must win.
and some goggles. There’s a really good pool just down
Do you think all sports should
the road from my house. I go every day. It’s great exercise.’
have this rule?

b CD1 T08 Listen and check your answers. f Work in groups. Discuss the
questions above.
c Read the texts again and complete the table.
Get it ri ht! Turn to page 118.
equipment needed place where it is done

tennis ball, 6 Pronunciation

football Intonation in questions
ice hockey CD1 T09 Turn to page 110.
boxing
surfing
swimming

d Work in pairs. Take turns to choose a sport. Your

partner has five yes/no questions to guess it.
Do you need a ball? Is it a team sport? Do you play it inside?

UNIT 1 15
 7 Read and listen
a Read the text quickly and find out:
1 where sand boarding is popular.
2 which sport you can do in lots of different settings.

Weird sports om
ffrro m around
the world
You might be surprised at the number of rather unusual sports that exist around the
world. Mostly, they are little known outside the areas where they were invented – though
occasionally they have gained international recognition. Here are some examples – but,
if you’re interested, have a look on the web. You may find other, even crazier, ones!

Sandboarding Extreme ironing Wife-carrying

Of course there can’t be many Extreme ironing is called an This sport was inspired by an
people who don’t know what extreme sport by some and a ancient Finnish tradition in which a
snowboarding is, but how about performance art by others. It’s man courted a woman by running
sandboarding? The basic principle all about taking an ironing board to her village, picking her up and
behind the two sports is the same; to a remote location, where carrying her away. In the modern
start at the top of a slope and use you then proceed to iron your sporting version, the man has to
a board to get you to the bottom. clothes! According to the official carry the woman along an obstacle
But whereas snowboarding is website, extreme ironing is ‘the course without her feet touching
practised on freezing cold snowy latest danger sport that combines the floor. There is a clear set of
mountain tops, sandboarding the thrills of an extreme outdoor rules. The track has to be 253.5
takes place on sand dunes by activity with the satisfaction of a metres long and have one water
sunny beaches or in the desert. well-pressed shirt’. and two dry obstacles. There
It’s popular in many countries, Part of the attention this has are several ways of carrying the
including Australia, Namibia and attracted in the media is to do woman, including piggyback,
South Africa. with the issue of whether it is fireman’s lift (over the shoulder)
The quickest way of getting to really a sport or not, and it is or Estonian-style (the wife hangs
the bottom involves standing with often not taken so seriously. upside down with her legs around
both feet on a board and weaving Some locations where such the husband’s shoulders and holds
from side to side while trying not performances have taken place onto his waist). Whoever completes
to fall off. If this sounds a little bit include on a mountainside, in a the course in the fastest time wins
adventurous you could always just forest, in a canoe, on a ski slope the trophy (but not necessarily a
get on your stomach and slide (while skiing), underwater, in mid- wife these days!).
down. Either way, it’s a lot of fun! air (while parachuting) and under
However, don’t forget to keep your the ice on a frozen lake!
mouth closed.
Discussion box
1 Which of these sports would
you like to try most? Give
CD1 T10 Read the text again and listen. Answer the your reasons.
b
questions. 2 What other unusual sports
have you heard of? Have you
1 What do the sports described here all have in common?
tried any of them?
2 Which of the sports can’t you do on your own?
3 Invent a crazy sport for a
3 There are two different techniques mentioned for one competition organised by
sport and three for another. What are they? a big national newspaper.
4 Which of the sports mentioned here is seen by some Discuss what the rules are
people as a type of theatre rather than a sport? and how to play it.

16 UNIT 1
8 Write
a Read the composition quickly. Do you think b Read the composition again and
the text was written by a girl or a boy? Give complete it with the words in the box.
your reasons.
to conclude moreover however
for example
What I think of
c What is the purpose of each
b i
boxing as a sportt paragraph? Write A–D in the boxes.
A the writer’s conclusion
Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem
B positive points
to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and
C introducing the topic
sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing
D negative points
matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money,
and successful boxers are treated as huge heroes. d Write your own composition on a
It seems to me that some people, especially different sport. Use the steps below
men, find it appealing because it is an aggressive to help you.
sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can O Think about the topic. Note down
identify with the winning boxer, and this gives your ideas in a mind map.
them the feeling of being a winner themselves.
Sometimes fans are rooting for a particular boxer, fascinating aggression
1
game of fans
because the boxer comes from
their own country, and if ‘their’ boxer loses, they brings people
together injuries
often feel as if they have lost a fight themselves.
It is a fact that many people have feelings of
aggression from time to time, but they cannot the positives
the negatives
show their aggression in their everyday lives.
Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet
for this aggression.
2 football
, there is a negative side to
boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport.
Although boxers wear gloves during the fights,
and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets,
there have frequently been accidents in both my opinions
professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with
dramatic consequences. Boxers have suffered
head injuries and, occasionally, fighters have even good spectator sport
been killed as a result of being knocked out in the in favour
ring. 3 , studies have shown that
For your portfolio

there are often long-term effects from boxing in O Organise your ideas to fit into four
the form of serious brain damage, even if a boxer paragraphs:
has never been knocked out. Paragraph 1: introduce the topic
4
, I am personally not at all in Paragraph 2: positive points
favour of aggressive sports like boxing. I think Paragraph 3: negative points
it would be better if less time was given to Paragraph 4: your conclusion
aggressive sports on TV, and we celebrated more O Write your composition. Use your
men and women from non-aggressive sports notes to help you.
as heroes and heroines in our society. I believe O If possible, have a break. Then
that the world is aggressive enough already! Of check your writing and try to
course, people like competitive sports, and so improve it, if you can.
do I, but I think that hitting other people is not
something that should be regarded as a sport.

UNIT 1 17
 2 People are people
what clauses
verbs + gerund/infinitive review
Vocabulary: personality

Read and listen

a Read the questionnaire and listen.
CD1 T11
Answer the questions.

Are you
ua
people person?
Situation 1: Situation 3:
Your teacher has asked you to help him or You are sitting on a bus reading a really good book. The person
her to carry a few books to the staffroom. sitting next to you asks you what you are reading.
It’s break time. Suddenly you ¿nd yourself a You really don’t want to chat to the person. You close your book
in the staffroom and all the teachers are and get off at the next stop.
there. What do you do? b You tell them why you like the book and then start chatting
a You don’t feel entirely comfortable but about what they are reading at the moment.
get involved in a conversation when one c You give a short answer because you don’t want to be impolite
of the teachers asks you a question. You but then go back to reading your book. You don’t want to get
feel quite relieved when you can leave the involved in a conversation with someone you don’t know.
staffroom.
b You feel very awkward when you are with
Situation 4:
people who are older than you, so you
You have just arrived at a friend’s house to get a DVD that you
leave the staffroom immediately without
wanted to borrow. Your friend’s mum is cooking – it smells
speaking to anyone.
absolutely delicious and you are hungry. She asks you if you
c You think that this is your chance for want to eat with them.
a chat with some teachers outside the
a You are embarrassed to accept, so you say that you haven’t
classroom. You are always keen to get to
got time.
know people and learn from them.
b You say that you are not really hungry but hope that your
friend’s mum will insist and ask you a second time to stay
Situation 2: and eat with them.
A friend of yours is organising a bike ride to c You tell her that you would love to stay and eat.
a place in the countryside. You love cycling
and you have always wanted to see the place.
You don’t know any of the other people that Situation 5:
your friend has invited. You have just been given a new camera for your birthday. It’s
pretty complicated and you don’t really know how it works.
a You are really keen to go and you see this
There are two or three kids in your class who are really good
as a great opportunity to meet new people
with cameras.
and make new friends.
a You take your camera into school and, in the lunch break, you
b There is no way you would consider going.
get the kids to explain how it works. If you still have doubts after
You Ànd a good excuse for not going and
using the camera, you go back to them with more questions.
thank your friend for the invitation.
b You ask one or two questions but feel a bit awkward about
c You go on the bike ride, but you keep
wasting their time.
close to your friend and try not to talk to
the others. c There is no way you would ask anyone to explain the camera
to you. You would be afraid of looking silly.

18 UNIT 2
b Turn to page 126 to find out what kind of 3 Vocabulary
person you are. Do you agree with the Personality
description of you?
a Read about Matthew’s classmates. Tick ()
c Write another situation (Situation 6), the ones that you think he considers to be
with three possible answers for the his friends.
questionnaire. Then work with a partner. 1 Sophie’s sympathetic. She always listens to
Ask your partner to read Situation 6 and my problems and understands how I feel.
choose their answer. Then discuss together.
2 Charlie’s charming. He’s good at making
people feel good about themselves.
2 Grammar 3 Waseem’s witty. He’s always quick to think
what clauses of something funny to say.
a Complete the rule with what and that. 4 Clara’s careless. She does things too quickly
and always makes mistakes.
RULE: can also mean 5 Iago’s intellectual. He loves learning things.
‘the thing that’. When there is a second 6 Paul’s pushy. He always wants me to do
clause in the sentence, the two clauses are what he wants.
linked by the word 7 Shannon’s shallow. She doesn’t think
What you need to realise is that there are seriously or carefully about anything.
lots of positive things about yourself.
8 Polly’s pretentious. She tries to appear
This is what makes you popular with people more important and cleverer than she is.
who know you.
9 Sam’s smug. He’s always pleased with
Sometimes it is better to listen to what
himself – and shows it!
others have to say.
10 Brittany’s bubbly. She’s always happy, fun
to be with and full of energy.
11 Chelsea’s cheeky. She shows a lack of
respect, but often in a funny way.
We can also use a comma instead of that.
12 Henry’s hypocritical. He says one thing
What you need to realise is, there are lots of
but does another.
positive things about yourself.
13 Stephan’s scatty. He’s always forgetting
things, but that’s what I love about him.
b Join the sentences to make one.
1 Jacob’s really imaginative. I like this about him. b CD1 T12 Circle the correct word.
Then listen and check.
What I like about Jacob is that he is
1 All my friends were very sympathetic / smug
really imaginative.
when they heard about my accident. That
2 He told me something. I don’t remember it now. helped me a lot.
I don’t remember 2 She always gets high marks, but I wish she
3 He never says ‘please’ or ‘thank you’. This weren’t so smug / witty about it.
makes him seem rude. 3 We thought he was nice, but later we found
What makes him to be rather witty / shallow.
4 She’s rather careless / pretentious about her
4 Everyone makes mistakes. You should appearance – she always wears scruffy clothes.
remember this. 5 His speech made everyone laugh. He’s such a
What witty / pushy person!
6 The shop assistant was so pushy / intellectual.
5 He never stops talking. I find this really She tried to make us buy things we didn’t want!
annoying. 7 He’s lost his keys for the third time this week!
What He’s so cheeky / scatty.

Vocabulary bank Turn to page 112.

UNIT 2 19
 4 Pronunciation b CD1 T14 Listen to Clara, Kate and James
Sentence stress and rhythm talking about the funniest people they
know. Put the pictures in the order you hear
CD1 T13 Turn to page 110. about them.
c CD1 T14Listen again and take notes to
5 Speak find answers to these questions:
Work in small groups. Discuss the 1 What kind of jokes does Clara’s uncle love?
following. 2 Clara gives three examples of what he put in
1 Agree on the four qualities you think are the walnuts. What are they?
most important in a friend. 3 Who is Mr Simmons?
4 What did Jack need in order to play his
A friend should be sympathetic.
practical joke on Mr Simmons?
For me it is more important 5 How did Mr Simmons react?
that someone is ... than ... 6 What does James’s sister think about her
dad’s love of cars?
Why is that?
7 What practical joke did she play on her dad
Well, let me give you an one day?
example: once I was ...
8 What did Groucho Marx say about the
educational value of TV?
2 For each quality, think of a famous person
9 What did he say about honesty?
(a film star, singer, politician, etc.) who you
think has this quality. d Compare your answers with a partner.
3 Think about someone you have met. What
was your first impression of them? Has your
first impression changed since you got to Discussion box
know the person better? 1 Which of the jokes from the listening
did you find the funniest?
When I first met my brother’s new 2 What problems could playing
girlfriend she came across as a bit shallow. practical jokes on people cause?
But she isn’t like that at all. Once you get 3 Give an example of a practical joke
to know her, you realise that she’s a very you or someone you know has
interesting person, just a little shy. played on someone else.
4 Not all jokes work in another
language. Can you think of a joke
6 Listen that works in English but not in your
a Look at the drawings and the photo. Each language? Tell the others.
one has got to do with a practical joke or
something funny someone said. What and
who do the pictures show? Can you guess
what the jokes are about?

A B C D

20 UNIT 2
7 Grammar e Look at the pictures and match them with the
Verbs + gerund/infinitive sentences. Then complete the rule.
review A C

a Circle the correct words in the

sentences from the listening in
Exercise 6b.
1 He really enjoys to play / playing B D
tricks on people.
2 My sister hates to play / playing this
game.
3 He really can’t stop to play / playing
practical jokes on other people.
4 Jack started to move / moving the
wireless mouse on the palm of his 1 We tried opening the window, but it was still
hand. really hot in the room.
5 He couldn’t stop to go / going round 2 I tried to open the window, but it was stuck.
and round the car. 3 I tried sending an email to her, but she was still
angry with me.
b Complete the rules with an infinitive 4 I tried to send an email, but my internet
or a gerund. connection wasn’t working.

RULE: The verbs like, love, hate, prefer,

RULE: We use try + to say that
begin and start are usually followed
somebody tries something to see what will
by , but can also
happen.
be used. There is no difference in
We use try + to say that someone tries
meaning.
something but they aren’t successful.
The verbs enjoy, detest, don’t mind,
imagine, feel like, suggest, practise,
miss, can’t stop and can’t stand must
f Complete the sentences with the verbs in
be followed by .
brackets. Use the gerund or to + infinitive.
The verbs refuse, hope, promise, ask,
learn, expect, decide, afford, offer, 1 I can’t stop watching (watch) this programme.
choose and want must be followed It’s brilliant.
by . 2 They tried (help) him but he wouldn’t
let them.
3 He’s really charming. Please remember
c Look at these examples. What is the (invite) him.
difference in meaning? 4 I can’t remember (see) that film.
1a I stopped to drink my coffee. 5 We tried (surf) the internet, but we
1b I stopped drinking my coffee. didn’t find any information.
2a I remember buying the book. 6 I met Oliver in town yesterday, so I stopped
2b I remembered to buy the book. (talk) to him.
7 I remember (be) quite shy when I was
d Complete the rule with different or little.
the same.
8 I thought she was very self-centred, so I
stopped (go) around with her.
RULE: The verbs stop and remember
can be followed by either a gerund 9 I tried (phone) you, but my mobile
or an infinitive but the meaning is was broken.
. 10 Please remember (give) me my book
back tomorrow.

Get it ri ht! Turn to page 118.

UNIT 2 21
 You’re both bein a pain
8 Read and listen
a CD1 T15 What are Nick and Amy fighting
about? What do Lily and Jack think about it?
Read, listen and check your ideas.

Amy: Hi, Nick.

Nick: Hi, Amy. Amy, is this your backpack on the
floor?
Amy: That’s right.
Nick: Well, could you perhaps put it somewhere
else? It’s kind of in the way.
Nick: No chance! It’s in the way!
Amy: No, it’s not. It’s where I always leave it.
Jack: Morning. Whoa! What’s going on?
Nick: Yes, I know you always leave it there. And it’s
Lily: Hey. Mind out! You nearly hit me with that
always in the way. This is a pretty small place,
thing.
Amy. So perhaps just for once you could put your
backpack somewhere where it isn’t in the way, Amy: Ah, sorry. I’m sorry. This is ridiculous.
hmm? Lily: But I don’t understand. What are you arguing
Amy: You don’t own this place, Nick. So don’t try about?
and tell me what to do. I came in early to get Amy: Oh, Nick was being impossible, as usual.
some things done. I put my backpack on the floor. Nick: Hey, don’t look at me. It isn’t me who leaves
You deal with it! things lying around all over the place.
Nick: Well, if you won’t move it, perhaps you won’t Amy: I’ve got a lot of things to do, Nick. I’m
mind if I do. feeling stressed and I can do without you
Amy: Hey, put that down. It’s mine, not yours. Let go! finding fault with everything.

2
Jack: Well, it really doesn’t matter who
started it or whatever – we’ve got to
sort this out. There isn’t a lot of room
here and there are four of us that have
to share it. So we need a bit of give-and-
take. I’d have thought we could do that.
Lily: Jack’s right. I thought we were all
friends, doing things together.
Amy: We are.
Nick: We are.
Jack: And we’ve all got pressure too – b Read the text again. Mark the sentences T (true)
schoolwork, the radio programmes, and or F (false).
so on. What’s going to happen if we let 1 This is the first time that Amy has left her
little things get on our nerves all the backpack on the floor.
time? 2 Nick starts to move the backpack himself.
Nick: Well, Amy’s so careless. 3 Nick thinks that Amy is the cause of the
Amy: And you’re so pushy. argument.
Lily: And you’re both being a pain. I’m off 4 Jack thinks they shouldn’t argue about
to class. Have a nice day, everyone! little things.
Jack: See you guys. Sort it out, OK? 5 Jack wants Nick and Amy to sort out
the things in the backpack.

22 UNIT 2
 0 Improvisation
Discussion box
Work with a partner. Take two minutes to
1 Who do you agree with in the
prepare a short role play. Try to use some
argument – Nick or Amy?
of the expressions from Exercise 9a. Do not
2 Give examples of ‘little things that
write the text, just agree on your ideas for a
can get on your nerves’.
short scene. Then act it out.
Roles: Jack and Lily

9 Everyday En lish Situation: somewhere at Fairbank

Basic idea: Jack has an idea for a programme
a Find expressions 1–6 in the story. Who says about fashion and wants Lily to do it. Lily is
them? Match them with meanings a–f. not enthusiastic.
1 No chance! a I’m not the person
2 Mind out. responsible for this. Makin Waves DVD Episode 1

3 Don’t look b … and other similar

at me. things
4 I can do c It’s not going to
without … happen.
5 I’d have d It is my understanding
thought … that …
6 … and so on. e Be careful.
f I prefer not to have /
don’t need …

b Complete the sentences with an expression

from Exercise 9a.
1 A: That plate looks very hot! a In Episode 1, we go back to the first time
B: It is very hot! – I’m that Lily is introduced to Nick. Nick and
going to come past you with it. Amy worked on the radio show last year
2 A: I’m going to spend all my money on those
but Lily is new. Jack did a few things for the
shoes.
show last year but he’s going to be more
involved this year.
B: Really? you were
more sensible than that. 1 What story do you think Lily and Nick are
3 A: Someone should pick all this litter up. doing?
B: Well, ! I never drop 2 Nick doesn’t really want to work with Lily on
things on the floor. this story. Why not, do you think?
4 A: Your project’s about education – right?
b Match the phrases and the definitions.
B: Yeah, you know: schools, colleges
. 1 to step in a (to say or do)
something
5 A: Miranda – can you come round tonight
unpleasant or
and help me with the history homework? unsuitable
B: , Steve. I’m going out
2 short (of money) b it proves
this evening. Sorry.
3 (to find) an angle c to replace someone
6 A: Hey, James – where did you get that
awful sweater? 4 (to be) out of order d a way of thinking
or looking at
B: It was a present from my granny – and
something
I your comments,
thank you very much. 5 it just shows e not having enough
As you watch the episode, check your ideas.
c Watch Episode 1. What do Amy, Lily and
Jack think about Nick at the end? Why?

UNIT 2 23
 2 Write Write a short description of someone who is:
1 generous
a Put the adjectives in the box into
the two lists. If necessary, use a 2 imaginative.
dictionary to help you. Give examples of their behaviour to illustrate.
sensible disorganised smart h Now write an email to a friend and tell them about
For your portfolio

tall cheerful handsome a person you’ve met recently.

wavy plump honest
slim scruffy lazy

personality appearance [email protected]

sensible
Hi Grace,

(1) You missed a great party on Friday. Everyone

was there, and we all missed you so much. The
food was great and the music was brilliant. I don’t
think I’ve ever danced so much in my life.
(2) Anyway, let me give you the gossip before
anyone else does. I met a really interesting guy at
b Can you add four more adjectives the party. His name’s Harry and he’s from Toronto.
to each list? Compare lists with I’ve never met a Canadian before. He’s in his last
a partner. year at school and he’s over here visiting his cousin
for the summer holidays.
c Read the email. What does Olivia (3) But let me get to the interesting part. Harry
talk about in the: must be the best-looking guy I’ve ever met. I
first paragraph? mean he’s gorgeous. He’s average height. The ¿rst
thing that caught my attention was his amazing
second paragraph? blue eyes. They’re bright blue, like the colour of
third paragraph? the ocean you see in those holiday postcards. I’m
not exaggerating, honestly. His nose is quite small.
fourth paragraph?
He’s got a great smile too. It’s warm and friendly
fifth paragraph? and you can’t help liking him immediately when he
smiles at you.
d When we write a physical
(4) But of course, the most important thing is that
description, we don’t need to he’s a very nice guy too. He’s a very charming
mention everything, just the most person and he made me feel good about myself.
interesting parts. Look back at He said loads of nice things about me, which is
the third paragraph. Which two always going to help you like someone, isn’t it? But
sentences could we leave out? he’s not just one of these guys who says things
without meaning them. He came across as really
e How does Olivia describe Harry’s being interested in me. I told him all about my
eyes and smile? Write similar problems with Lucy and he really listened. He was
descriptions of someone’s: so sympathetic and he gave me some good advice
too. Now, you don’t meet a guy who listens like
1 hair that every day.
2 mouth. (5) Well, the bad news is that he’s going back to
Canada next week and I don’t think I’ll see him
f When we describe someone’s again. We said we’d email but you know how these
personality, we often give things go. Never mind. It was just nice to have met
examples of the person’s someone so kind. Give me a call later.
behaviour to illustrate their Love, Olivia
qualities. Look back at paragraph
four and find two examples
of this.

24 UNIT 2
 Grammar 2 Vocabulary
a Connect the two sentences using the a Match the two halves of the sentences.
word in bold. You may need to take a
1 She was clearly the a got sent off by
word out of one of the original sentences. best in her team. She the referee.
1 He told me that it was my mistake. It was 2 The player who b that he got
nonsense. which had kicked the knocked out in
He told me that it was my mistake, which goalkeeper the first round.
was nonsense. 3 I hope they won’t c amazing with
2 My friend wants to become a psychologist. draw again since the puck.
She loves helping people. who 4 She got knocked d scored most of
off the board a few the goals.
3 This is the book. Our teacher was talking times, e but she really
about it. that
5 He was wearing a enjoyed the
4 Many experts will attend the conference. helmet, but was hit strong wind.
New theories will be presented. where so hard f their last three
5 Our neighbour is going to the UK soon. 6 He was the best games all ended
Her daughter lives in Portsmouth. whose player on the rink. 1:1. 5
He’s so
4
b Rewrite the sentences. Begin with ‘What’. b Write adjectives in the word grid to describe
1 Mary’s really pushy. I don’t like this about each person and find the mystery word.
her. 1 Bobby always understands how I feel and
What I don’t like about Mary is that she’s he’s always ready to listen to my problems.
really pushy. 2 Jenny’s always so pleased with everything
2 He’s always singing. This makes him seem that she does. It annoys me a bit.
friendly. 3 Henry doesn’t always pay attention to what
3 No one is perfect. You should remember he does and that’s why he makes mistakes.
this. 4 Kevin always says things to make people feel
4 Paul always interrupts when I speak. I find good about themselves.
this really annoying. 5 Sue is really funny. She makes me laugh a lot.
5 She gave me a really nice smile. I’ll never 6 The mystery word is …
forget that. 4 1
S Y M P A T H E T I C
2

c Use the correct form of the verb in 3

brackets to complete the sentences. 4

5
1 I remember seeing (see) the car 5
coming towards me but nothing after that.
2 Try (phone) John at home. How did you do?
Sometimes he doesn’t work on Fridays. Check your score.
3 We stopped (have) a cup of
coffee for ten minutes. Total score
4 I tried (apologise) to him but Very Not very
22 OK
he wouldn’t listen. good good
5 You must remember (invite) Grammar 10 – 12 6–9 less than 6
Carl to your party. If not, he’ll be upset. Vocabulary 8 – 10 4–7 less than 4
4

UNIT 2 25
 3 Time travellers
Reported speech review; reporting verbs review
Vocabulary: expressions with time

Read and listen

a Read the extract from a TV guide.
Have you ever seen this TV programme?
Today’s TV
Complete the statements. Sat 3 April
1 The last time Doctor Who was seen The wait is over. After more
regularly on TV was . than 18 months
without appearing regularly
on our Saturday
2 The character Doctor Who is a night TV screens, Doctor Wh
o finally returns
. this evening. In this new ser
ies, the charismatic
3 Doctor Who works with an . time-travelling Time Lord is
played by Matt
Smith, while Karen Gillan pla
4 The first episode of the new series is called ys his enthusiastic
assistant, Amy Pond. How we
. ll will Matt Smith do
in one of the biggest roles on
British TV? Watch
b Read the quiz then listen and
CD1 T16 tonight’s episode, The Eleven
th Hour, and find out.
choose the correct answers.

1 When was the cult BBC TV series, Doctor Who, 5 Which of these is the Tardis?
first broadcast? a b c d
a 1963 b in the 1970s c 1989 d 2005

2 Why do many teenagers think that the series

began much later than it did?
a Because they don’t realise that TV
existed so long ago.
b Because they think there has only
been one Doctor.
c Because there was a gap of 26 years
6 Which of these is a Weeping Angel?
a b c d
when the series wasn’t on TV.
d Because they think the Doctor was
a child in the 1970s.

3 What genre is the programme?

a science fiction
b comedy
c horror
d a mixture of different genres 7 How many actors have played Doctor Who?
4 Why doesn’t the Doctor respect the Time Lords’ a 8 b 9 c 10 d 11
promise?
a Because he’s evil. 8 Most of Doctor Who’s assistants are ……
b Because he wants to make the world a young women from another planet.
a better place. b young women from Earth in the past.
c Because he was sent away from the c young women from Earth in the present.
planet Gallifrey. d young women from Earth in the future.
d Because he’s bored and wants
something to do.

26 UNIT 3
2 Grammar 3 Vocabulary
Reported speech review Expressions with time
a Write down what each person actually said. CD1 T17Circle the correct option.
1 William Hartnell said that his health was Then listen and check.
getting worse. 1 Come on! Quickly! We’re taking /
‘My health is getting worse.’ running out of time!
2 He said that he couldn’t play the Doctor any 2 My father’s always busy. He never
more. wastes / has time to relax.
3 He said it was a fancy way of saying it’s bigger 3 I’m not in a hurry. Take / Give your time.
on the outside than the inside. 4 Our maths teacher often complains that
4 The Time Lords said that they would never we give / spend him a hard time.
change anything in the universe. 5 I got home just in / off time to avoid
the rain.
b What happens to the verb in reported speech
6 I’m not late. I’m exactly off / on time.
when the reporting verb is in the past?
Look at the clock.
Complete the table. 7 Come on! Let’s get started – we’ve
spent / wasted a lot of time already.
Direct speech Reported speech
8 I think you should take some time
present simple k past simple off / on and go on holiday. You’ve
present continuous k worked too hard.
present perfect k 9 Annie’s a very relaxed person. She
gives / spends a lot of time meditating.
past simple k
can / can’t k Vocabulary bank Turn to page 112.
will / won’t k
Get it ri ht! Turn to page 118.
must k

4 Pronunciation
c What other words change in reported
speech?
Schwa /ə/
CD1 T18 and T19 Turn to page 110.
d Write these sentences in reported speech.
1 ‘The Daleks are coming!’ said the assistant.
5 Speak
The assistant said that the Daleks were
coming. Work with a partner. Student B: Turn to
2 ‘We have to get to the Tardis before it’s too page 126. Student A: Ask your partner
late,’ said the Doctor. these questions. You start.
3 ‘We’ll only know what year it is outside when 1 Are you always on time for your lessons?
we arrive,’ said the Doctor. If not, what excuse do you give?
4 ‘I’ve got a plan and I know how we can kill the 2 When did you last have the feeling that
Ice-men,’ said the Doctor. you had wasted a lot of time?
5 ‘You’re getting the time wrong!’ Romana told 3 If you could take a day off school next
the Doctor. week, which day would it be? Why?
6 ‘I’ve heard so much about you,’ Chronotis told 4 Have you ever given a teacher a hard
the Doctor. time? What did you do?
7 ‘We don’t know what is going on,’ said the
Doctor.
8 ‘There won’t be enough time!’ announced the
Doctor.

UNIT 3 27
 6 Read
a Read the text and underline the
piece of advice you like best.

Well, it’s that time of year again: the sun’s finally decided to show its face and
you’re stuck inside revising for exams. But don’t worry. You’re not alone. We’re
thinking of you and have drawn up an action plan that will help you get all
that work done in time and still have a little time left to relax. We like to call
it GRM (that’s Good Relaxation Management in case you were wondering).

Problem Solution
A Procrastination A recent report claims that more than 40% of students wait until the last minute before
getting down to work. Why? Because procrastination helps us keep a safe distance from
all that stressful stuff. Maybe you have six exams to study for, so we recommend starting
with one. That way you’ll reduce the stress as you’ll have just one clear task to work on.
When you’ve done that one thing on the list, make another ‘list’ with one thing on it. We
promise that this will get things moving.

B Getting started OK, so now you’ve decided not to leave it all for the last minute and have brought your
books home to study this evening. But you’re still finding it difficult to start that one ‘to
do’ task. That’s because you’re afraid it’s going to take you too long. What you have to do
is convince yourself that you just need to start and do ten minutes’ work. Once those ten
minutes have passed, you’ll be surprised to find that you’re now really into the task and
don’t even want to stop.

C Motivation ‘Í can’t be bothered to do any work this evening.’ How often do you find yourself saying this?
Maybe we can persuade you to look at motivation in a different light. Motivation doesn’t get
people working: motivation comes once you’ve started working. Try it! The more you get into
your work, the more you’ll ‘get into’ your work, if you get what we mean. Got it?

D Time wasting How much time do you waste waiting about for something? The bus, the teacher, your
brother or sister to get out of the shower? We suggest always carrying some revision notes
in your back pocket – a list of dates from history, some chemical formulas, whatever.
Something you can get out when you find you’ve got a bit of time to kill. Using your time
well means you’ll have more time to spend later on things you’d rather be doing.

E Ínterruptions So you’ve finally got down to some serious revision and your parents tell you dinner’s ready.
You’d like to refuse to eat but you can’t. Of course, there are going to be times when your
study plan gets interrupted, but we advise you not to lose your cool – it never helps. Look
on the positive side. The fact that you’re annoyed shows you’re getting into your work and
that’s a good thing. Ít should encourage you to do more!

b Read the article again. Match each of these statements

with the sections (A–E).
1 ‘There’s just so much to do. I won’t have enough time Discussion box
to get it all done.’
1 What other problems do you
2 ‘Every time I start working, my little sister keeps
have when revision time comes
coming in and talking to me.’
round?
3 ‘I can’t believe it. My exam’s in two days’ time and I
2 What advice can you think
haven’t even started revising.’
of to help others to be more
4 ‘I just don’t feel like doing anything. It’s all so boring.’ successful with their revision?
5 ‘I’m just too busy doing other things to start my revision.’

28 UNIT 3
7 Grammar c Match sentences 1–8 with speech types a–h.
Reporting verbs review
a Different reporting verbs have
different patterns after them. Find
these verbs in the text in Exercise 6
and look at the patterns that follow
them. Then write them into the table.

claim recommend promise persuade

suggest refuse advise encourage

say
claim
recommend
that…
suggest
deny

tell someone
that
warn

deny
(not) doing…
(not) 1 ‘No, I won’t help you,’ she said. d
2 ‘I won’t be late,’ he said.
warn someone
not to do 3 ‘My father has won over fifty golf
competitions,’ he said.
4 ‘You’ll get really ill if you don’t eat more
someone healthily!’ the doctor said to her.
(not) to do… 5 ‘It’s not true that I work too hard,’ she said.
6 ‘Try the new cafe. It’s excellent,’ they said.
7 ‘I think perhaps you should take a break
promise (not)
to do sometimes,’ the doctor said.
8 ‘Come on, Steve, you can do it! Jump!’
she said.
b Look at the tables and complete the
sentences. Sometimes there is more a a claim
than one option. b a promise
c a warning
1 The lifeguard us not to go
into the sea. He said it was dangerous. d a refusal
e a denial
2 She’s not very happy with me. In fact,
she to talk to me at all. f encouragement
g a recommendation
3 He breaking the vase. He
said it was the dog. h advice

4 She going swimming but I d Report the sentences in Exercise 7c.

was too tired.
1 She refused to help me.
5 They us to leave the car at
home and go by train. Get it ri ht! Turn to page 119.

UNIT 3 29
 8 Read
a Look at the cover of the book
and the photo from the film.
Read the short summary at the
beginning of the extract. Would
you be interested in reading the
book? Why / Why not?

b CD1 T20 Read the extract

and listen. It is the man’s first
trip in the Time Machine. Put
the events in the order they
are mentioned in the extract.
He sees someone walking extremely
quickly. He makes the machine go as fast as it can.
The room he is in disappears. He starts to think about what he will find in the
1 He sees that the time on a clock has future.
changed. He thinks that he’s going to crash at any moment.

The Time Machine by H. G. Wells

Hoping to change the past, a 19th-century inventor instead travels 800,000 years into the future,
where he finds humans divided into two races which are always at war.

I
t was at ten o’clock today that the Àrst of all Time I am afraid I cannot convey the peculiar sensations of time
Machines began its career. I gave it a last tap, tried travelling. They are incredibly unpleasant. There is a feeling
all the screws again, and sat in the chair. I took the exactly like that you have on a roller-coaster – of a helpless,
starting lever in one hand and the stopping one in the other, headlong motion. I felt the same horrible anticipation, too,
pressed the Àrst, and almost immediately the second. I of an imminent crash. As I speeded up, night followed day
seemed to spin; I felt a nightmare sensation of falling; but, like the Áapping of a black wing. Soon the dim outline of
looking round, I saw the laboratory exactly as before. Had the laboratory seemed to fall away from me, and I saw the
anything happened? For a moment I thought that my mind sun hopping quickly across the sky, crossing the sky once
had tricked me. Then I saw the clock. A moment before, every minute, and every minute marking a day. I supposed
as it seemed, it had stood at a minute or so past ten; now it the laboratory had been destroyed and I had come into
was nearly half-past three! the open air. I was going too fast to be conscious of any
moving things. The slowest snail that ever crawled sped
I drew a breath, set my teeth, gripped the starting lever with
past, too fast for me to see. […]
both hands, and went off with a thud. The laboratory got
hazy and went dark. Mrs. Watchett came in and walked, The unpleasant sensations of the start were not so strong
apparently without seeing me, towards the garden door. I now. They became a kind of crazy excitement. But soon a
suppose it took her a minute or so to cross the room, but new series of impressions appeared in my mind – a certain
to me she seemed to shoot across like a rocket. I pressed curiosity and with it, a certain fear – until at last they took
the lever over to its extreme position. Night arrived like complete possession of me. What strange developments
the turning out of a lamp, and in another moment came of humanity, what wonderful advances from our simple
tomorrow. The laboratory grew faint and hazy, then fainter civilization, I thought, might appear when I got to look
and fainter. Tomorrow night came, then day again, night closely at the dim world that raced and Áuctuated in front
again, day again, faster and faster still. of my eyes!

30 UNIT 3
c All these statements are
incorrect. Correct them by
referring to the text. [email protected]

1 The Time Machine has only one

lever to control it. Dear Alex,
1
2 His first, very short flight takes I apologise for not having written / I’m sorry I haven’t
him ten hours into the future. written before. Unfortunately I haven’t had a lot of time,
I’ve been very busy with exams this month at school.
3 When he starts travelling, he
I’m sure you know how I feel!
can see his laboratory clearly.
4 He enjoys travelling in time. Anyway, things are better now and I’m starting to think
about the summer holidays. It’s been a long time since
5 He can see his laboratory all
we last spent any time together, so I was wondering if
the time when he’s travelling. 2
it’s OK with you / it would be convenient for you if I
6 He sees a snail going past him. came to see you and perhaps stay with you for a few days
7 He isn’t interested in what he in August. You know how much I love the area where
will find when he stops. you live, too – perhaps we could go cycling again like we
did 3on my previous visit / the last time I was there.
So, is the week of the 10th to the 15th of August OK
Discussion box
for you? Please don’t feel that you have to say yes, but
1 Do you think this is a good of course I’m hoping you will. Either way, 4could you
description of what time inform me / can you let me know as soon as possible?
travel might be like? Why / I don’t want to be pushy, but I’ll have to make travel
Why not? arrangements before too long.
2 If you could travel in time, All the best, and 5write soon / looking forward to hearing
would you prefer to go from you,
to the past or the future?
Sally
Why?

c You’re going to write Alex’s email back to Sally. Look at

the expressions below. For each pair, tick the one you
9 Write think you’re likely to use in the email.
a Read the email and answer the 1 a I was extremely pleased to hear …
questions. b It was great to hear …
1 Why hasn’t Sally written before? 2 a Is it OK if …?
2 What is she thinking about now? b Would it be acceptable if …?
3 When does she want to stay? 3 a I hope you see ...
4 What does she want Alex to do? b I trust you will understand ...
For your portfolio
4 a I must apologise for the fact that …
b Read the email again. There are
b I’m sorry that …
two options – one informal,
the other formal. Underline the 5 a Of course we can put you up here.
informal option. b Naturally we can let you have a room.

d Write Alex’s email. Give Sally the following

information:
O you want to see her again
O she can stay with you
O you already have plans for the week she suggested
O you can’t change the plans
O the week before or after is OK
Add any further information or ideas that you want to.

UNIT 3 31
 4 In and out of fashion
would and used to Vocabulary: common
Adverbs and adverbial phrases adverbial phrases
1

Read and listen Magic Eye®

Back in the mid
a What can you see in the photos? Have you
1990s men,
ever tried any of these things? women and
children would
b Read the texts quickly. Which sentence best
spend hours
describes the main topic?
staring into
1 The three objects were a lot more expensive books which
than they should have been. contained
nothing but © 2011 Magic Eye Inc.*
2 The objects were bought not only by
pages and pages of brightly-coloured psychedelic
children, but also by adults in many countries.
patterns.
3 Each of the objects was, at some time, the
They had been promised that, if they looked in the
latest fashion.
right way, these pictures would jump into life, as 3D
c CD1 T21 Read the texts again and listen. images came shooting out towards them. For most
people it happened if they stared for long enough,
Write ME (Magic Eye), P-M (Pac-Man) or
but there were also many who used to end up tearing
y-y (yo-yo) next to the sentences below.
their hair out in frustration as the images never
1 It was invented by a Japanese man. appeared.
2 It’s used by the medical profession. For a while, Magic Eye books were all the rage. The
3 It’s more than 2,500 years old. images also appeared in magazines, on postcards,
mouse mats and even on men’s ties. And they also
d Read the texts again. Underline the words featured in episodes of top TV series, such as Friends
and expressions that mean: and The Simpsons.
1 extremely popular (text 1) The secret behind the images is a horizontally-
repeating pattern which is slightly different each time
2 an activity, object or idea that is extremely
it is repeated. This creates an illusion of depth when
popular, usually for a short time (text 1) the eye focuses beyond the image.
3 the most recent or modern (text 2) Like all crazes, the Magic Eye craze ended after
4 fashionable or popular (text 2) several years, although it’s still a successful business
5 excitedly (text 2) and the images are now used by eye doctors to help
in the treatment of problems such as binocular vision.
6 describes something that you can’t stop
doing once you have started (text 2)
7 become popular (text 3) * Turn to page 126 for the solution to this image.
8 the time when something was at its most
popular (text 3) 2 Speak
a Work in small groups. Choose one of the
Discussion box crazes from the reading texts in Exercise 1.
1 What toy crazes have you seen in your Imagine your job is to re-market this item
lifetime? What’s ‘in’ at the moment? to today’s teenagers. Discuss the following:
2 What do you think made each of the 1 What changes are you going to make to it so
toys so popular? that it will appeal to consumers today?
3 What does it take for something to 2 How are you going to advertise it?
become a craze?
b Present your ideas to the rest of the class.
Which group has the best ideas?

32 UNIT 4
 3
2
Pac-Man Yo-yos
While children these days There can’t be
spend hours playing the latest many toys that
sophisticated games on their have been
computers, consoles and TV sets, around as long
it’s worth remembering the kind as the yo-yo. Early examples have been
of electronic games that were ‘in’ discovered in Greece and date from around
when their parents were young. 500BC. In the 16th century the yo-yo was
Back in the early 1980s, children
used as both a toy and a hunting weapon in
used to queue up in amusement the Philippines and, by the 17th century, it
arcades eagerly waiting for their turn to put 10p in the video had caught on in many European countries.
machine and play a game of Pac-Man. Pac-Man was a yellow In 1928, a Filipino-American called Pedro
circle with a cheese-shaped wedge missing and you had to steer Flores started the first yo-yo factory in the
him around a maze of dots until you had eaten all the dots up. USA, but it was an American businessman,
All the time you were being chased by four ghosts (which even Donald Duncan, who saw the great potential
had names!) and if they caught you, that was ‘game over’. of the toy. He bought the factory from
However, if you ate one of the four ‘power pills’ found in each of Flores and, by 1962, he had sold 65 million
the corners of the maze, then you could turn the tables for a while yo-yos in a country that had only 40 million
and eat the ghosts for maximum point scoring. children.
Created by a Japanese video-game designer, Toru Iwatani, who Although the yo-yo had its heyday back in
used to be a designer for the Namco software company, Pac-Man the 1950s, it is a toy that regularly finds
became one of the most famous and addictive of the original itself back in fashion and each year various
arcade video games. It is still loved today all over the world. yo-yo competitions are held all over the
world. Like the toy itself, the yo-yo fad is one
that keeps bouncing back.

3 Grammar
would and used to
a Complete the sentences from the text. c Look at the
Habits and repeated actions sentences. Cross
out would when
1 Men, women and children
it is not possible
spend hours staring into books.
to use it.
2 Back in the early 1980s, children
1 I would / used to have an electronic pet
queue up in amusement
called a Tamagotchi.
arcades.
2 I would / used to love it a lot.
States
3 I would / used to feed it every morning.
3 Toru Iwatani be a designer for
the Namco software company. 4 I would / used to sing it to sleep at night.
5 I would / used to think it was my best friend.
b Complete the rule with used to and
6 I would / used to take it everywhere I went.
would.
7 I would / used to want nothing else.

RULE: When we talk about habits and 8 I would / used to play with it for hours.
repeated actions in the past we can use
or .
d Work with a partner. Talk about the toys
you played with when you were small. Use
If we talk about a permanent state
would and used to.
or situation (with verbs such as be /
think / love / have / want, etc.), we I used to spend hours playing with …
can only use . When I was young, I would …

UNIT 4 33
 4 Listen
a Look at the photos. What do you think
is happening in each photo? What do
you think they might have in common?

b CD1 T22 Listen and choose the

correct answers.
1 Why have flash mobs become more
popular over the years?
a Because it has become easier to
pass on information about them.
b Because more people know what
they are.
c Because young people have more
free time.
2 What does Ian Hicks like most about
flash mobs?
a They bring people together.
b They’re very entertaining.
c They can be seen as works of art.
3 How many different cities took part
in the great pillow fight of 2008? ((a/w 0034a 7 34b))
((a/w 0034a 7 34b))
Photo
a About 25. Photo
b More than 25.
c No one really knows.
4 Why did officials try to stop the silent
disco at Victoria Station?
a Because it was making too much
Discussion box
noise. 1 Which of the flash mobs do you think
b Because they said it was causing a sounds the most fun?
problem for travellers. 2 If you could take part in a flash mob,
c Because it was illegal. would you? Why / Why not?
3 Do you think flash mobs are a craze or
5 Why does Ian choose the Macy’s Store
will they continue into the future?
flash mob as his favourite?
a Because it was the first.
b Because it was so imaginative.
c Because it was so big. 5 Speak
6 How many of his top three flash mobs a Work in small groups. Invent a fun flash
has Ian Hicks taken part in? mob event. Remember that:
a 0. b 1. c 2. O the event must not hurt anyone or be illegal!
O it should only last for a short time.

b Compare ideas with other groups. Which

do you think is the best?

34 UNIT 4
6 Grammar e Complete the sentences with the phrases from Exercise
Adverbs and adverbial 6d. (There is often more than one possibility.)
phrases 1 It was a fantastic match – I
was jumping up and down with
a Complete the sentences with
.
sudden or suddenly.
2 She seemed very nice – she
We all started smiled at me in .
dancing to music from our iPods.
3 The homework was really hard –
Flash mobs are I finished it with .
impromptu gatherings.
4 In the film, I got scared when
b Complete the rule. Write the woman screamed with
adverbs or adjectives. .
5 My sister is fun to be with. She
RULE: We use to always has ideas for doing things
add information to nouns. in .
We use to add 6 They come from a different part
information to verbs. of the country, so they speak in
.
c We can also use adverbial
phrases to say how someone 7 Vocabulary
does something. Look at lists Common adverbial phrases
A and B in Exercise 6d. What
types of words do we use with a Match phrases 1–8 with definitions a–h.
the expressions in A? What 1 by accident a without other people being present.
types of words do we use with 2 in a hurry b one thing happening after another
the expressions in B? 3 in private c intentionally
4 in public d without other people knowing
d Add the words in the box to
the lists below. 5 in secret e not intentionally
6 in a row f needing to do something quickly
difficulty excitement 7 on purpose g without thinking properly
exciting horrible 8 in a panic h so that other people can hear
interest different
b Complete the sentences with the expressions in
A Exercise 7a.
in a friendly way 1 It wasn’t an accident – I think he did it on purpose .
in an interesting way 2 They organised the party , so I knew
in a fun way nothing about it.
in an way 3 We’ve won the competition five years .
in a way 4 Please go away, Jack. I want to talk to Sol .
in a way 5 I’m really sorry – I broke your camera .
6 My homework isn’t very good. I did it .
B
7 Please don’t talk about my personal life !
with surprise 8 A fire broke out in the hotel and we all ran out .
with enthusiasm
with fear Vocabulary bank Turn to page 113.
with
with 8 Pronunciation
with // accident and /e/ excitement
CD1 T23 and T24 Turn to page 110.

UNIT 4 35
 9 Speak and listen
a What different fashion accessories c CD1 T25 Listen to the song and write the verbs in
can you think of? the spaces.

b Read through the song quickly. How go without go with goes with match with
many examples of the words in italics comes in scoop up carry round
can you see in the picture?

by Jordyn Taylor
He’s like my Chloe shoes, Betsey bag
Oh he’s cute
He’s like my Marc Jacobs chain, Prada shades
What’s his name?
He’s my, he’s my, he’s my, he’s my latest accessory

They see my Gucci bag (got it)

Loving my Juicy tag (got it)
They like the shoes I wear (already got it, everyone stop it)
They wanna see me shine
The latest custom line
Snap snap it’s photo time (Take a picture, who’s that with ya?)

Ooh he’s the latest thing I 1 all my clothing

2
I him right from the stores soon as
they open
Where ya get it from? Was he on sale? Now everybody wants
to know
He can 3 me anywhere I go cuz he 4
everything I own

Get on the merry-go-round (round)

Wanna 5 him (round)
All over town (town)
He’s my latest accessory
Now (now) got the Hollywood
Bam Bam
Look what I found (found)
He’s my latest accessory

They see my Fendi watch (love it)

And my Rock and Re
Dolce Gabbana heels (Now that I got them everyone wants them)
He 6 every size
Got to accessorize
He’s like my low rise (Can’t 7 them, it’s something
about him)

36 UNIT 4
Discussion box
1 How does the songwriter feel about 3 How would you describe the singer?
her boyfriend? 4 What do you feel about the fashion world
2 How do you think he feels about this? and why?

Did you know?

Jordyn Taylor is a singer from California. She
says on her website that she ‘grew up with
dreams to follow, just like the rest of you’.
Her hobbies are ‘hanging with friends, chatting
on myspace, texting till my fingers are sore and
eating homecooked meals ... lol ...’
Her inspiration comes from singers like Toni
Braxton, Mariah Carey and Alicia Keys. She also
works as an actor and model.

d Match the verbs in Exercise 9c with their meanings.

1 is available in comes in
2 take with (me) everywhere
3 looks good with (x2)
4 choose to look good together
5 accompany
6 pick up quickly (with both hands)
7 not have

0 More speakin
a Look at the photo. What do you think the performer
is trying to say through her style? Add one more idea.
Look at me!
I just want to be different. I’m dangerous.
It’s all about having fun.

b Work in small groups. Think of four famous rock/pop stars.

1 Talk about their image.
2 Discuss what you think their style says about them.

c To what extent do you agree with the comments below? Discuss in

your groups.
(3 = completely agree – 0 = completely disagree)
1 There is no room for fashion in the pop world.
2 Stars who depend on fashion only do so because their music is so bad.
3 Bands need a good image. It helps the fans identify with them more.
4 I try and adopt the same look as my favourite bands.
5 The look is as important as the music.
6 Singers like Lady Gaga will never be taken seriously as musicians.

UNIT 4 37
 1 This claim itself 3 Don’t people
Write is ridiculous – 2 What an have the right
no reason given! intolerant to decide for
a Read the letter to a
newspaper (A) and the notes view! themselves?
made on it. Answer these A Dear Sir,
questions. The claim that Áash mobs are a form of art is clearly ridiculous.
1 Were the notes written by Indeed, we should stop for a minute and ask ourselves if these
For your portfolio

the same person who wrote pathetic exhibitions should be banned altogether. Do people
the letter?
have nothing better to do but waste their time turning up in
2 What does the person who dozens at a sofa shop and asking in song for the price of the
wrote the notes think of the
same armchair, as customers and shop assistants in one shop
letter?
in the West End recently witnessed? Maybe I’m being old-
3 What does the person who
fashioned but I think that Áash mobbing is not only a waste
wrote the notes think of
of time, it is also potentially dangerous.What if someone gets
flash mobbing?
scared by a Áash mob one day, overreacts, and then the whole
b Read the letter written to thing turns into a mini-riot? Surely no one will claim then that
the editor by the person who that is art.
made the notes (B). Which of
the notes made above has the
5 In fact this letter ouis s
6 Yes, it is! 4 Yes, you
writer forgotten to consider
potentially danger ople are!
in their letter?
since it might lead pe are
c Read the letter to the editor to believe flash mobs of
below (C). Underline the something to be afraid
main points in the letter. and react against!
Decide whether you agree or
disagree with each of these
points. Make notes about B Dear Sir,
your own views. I am writing with regard to the letter in your newspaper
concerning the flash mobs. I am concerned about the
d Write to the editor, saying what biased tone of the letter, and I would like to express my
you think about the letter. disagreement with it.
To begin with, the writer, without giving any reasons
C Dear Sir, whatsoever, dismisses the idea that flash mobbing could
today to fall for be art. This in itself is a ridiculous view which I cannot
The tendency of young people
wants to sell them is, share at all. Flash mobbing is a perfect example of
whatever the commercial world
Whether it is mobile
in my opinion, very worrying. playfulness and creativity, and I am grateful that there
fashion or, dare I
phones, MP4 players, the latest are people who put time into coming up with such
all these things just
say it, the internet itself – aren’t provocative and ‘useless’ activities.
no good to young
crazes that cost money and do
young, things used The writer also argues that flash mobs are a waste of
people today? When we were
each other, we time. Although nobody should have to take part in flash
to be different. We had time for
walks and enjoy the mobs unless they want to, we must accept that people
would take the time to go for
nd hours reading good
countryside, and we would spe have the right to decide for themselves how to use their
ng if the only things
books. Where is the world goi time. The writer’s position is not only extremely
are fads and electronic
young people are interested in old-fashioned, it is also potentially dangerous. Whereas I
communication? see no potential danger in people coming together for a
concerned, and I few minutes in public places to have fun and make others
All I can say is that I’m deeply
her s soon become more think, I see a lot of danger in leading people to believe
hope that parents and teac
the mo dern world, and
aware of all the dangers of that flash mobs are something we need to be afraid of.
mo re tow ards the things
influence children to turn I can only say – beware of such unfair and
that really matter! narrow-minded views!

38 UNIT 4
 Grammar 2 Vocabulary
a Rewrite the sentences, using a Circle the correct word.
reported speech and the verb 1 I’m afraid you’ve run /gone out of time.
in bold. I need your answer now.
1 Ken: Doctor Who is one of my 2 Take/Have your time. We don’t need to leave
favourite programmes. said for another hour.
Ken said that Doctor Who was one 3 We arrived just in/by time to see the
of his favourite programmes. beginning of the film.
2 The alien: We are approaching the 4 Kev never arrives on/off time. He’s always late.
Earth. shouted
5 Don’t kill/waste time asking him. He won’t tell
3 The commander: Our spaceship will you anything.
be landing soon. announced
6 I think I need to give/take some time off. I’ve
4 My girlfriend: I’ll be at the club by been working too hard.
five o’clock. promised
7 How much time do you have/spend watching
5 Steve: It’s not true that I broke your TV a week?
mobile. denied 6
6 Our teacher: Try repeating the
phrases twice a day before b Circle the correct word.
the test. recommended 1 He’s always by/ in /on a hurry. He needs to
7 Lucy: You’re a great singer, slow down a bit.
Sophie. You should go in for that 2 You said that by/in/on purpose. Why are you
competition. encourage so mean to me?
6
3 When we heard the explosion, everyone
started running by/in/on a panic.
b Complete the sentences. Use would
4 I’m telling you this by/in/on secret. I don’t
when you can and used to when
you have to. want you to tell anyone.
5 We met by/in/on accident. We were both on
1 My mother used to be a nurse.
the same train.
2 My father write me a
6 Could you leave me alone, please. I want to
letter every week.
do this by/in/on private.
3 They go for long walks 5
on the beach every Sunday.
4 I live in London.
5 Our neighbours keep us
How did you do?
awake with their loud music every Check your score.
weekend.
6 She be a really good Total score
ballet dancer when she was 23 Very Not very
good OK good
younger.
Grammar 10 – 12 5–9 less than 5
7 I think that fashion was
boring but now I like it. Vocabulary 9 – 11 5–8 less than 5

UNIT 4 39
 5 Do somethin !
Conditionals
C di i l reviewi
Mixed conditionals
Vocabulary: ways of getting involved
Glasgow Edinburg
h

Read and listen Belfast

Newcastle

a Look at the pictures and discuss these questions with Liverpool

a partner. What is this man doing? Why do you think

he is doing it? Cardiff
London

And how long did he have to train for all this? Well,
amazingly, only five weeks – a fact that is even more
amazing when you consider that he wasn’t even
particularly fit when he decided to put himself in for
this ordeal.
And what an ordeal it was! The comedian admitted
that his journey was pretty painful. He had to have

Run, Izzie, run!

his feet bandaged every day but still lost several of
his toenails, and he had blisters all over his feet. He
wouldn’t have been able to do what he did if he hadn’t
Most people make a donation if they want to help taken ice baths for his legs at the end of each day.
those in need. And they hope that if they join These baths helped to ‘stop your legs inflating to twice
demonstrations, sign petitions or hand out leaflets, the size of an elephant’, as Eddie commented.
they’ll make others aware of the terrible conditions People who have no idea about running and experts
some people face. But 47-year-old British comedian, alike are impressed with what he has achieved. Andy
Eddie Izzard, did something completely different. He Dixon, editor of Runner’s World, a magazine for
decided to raise money by running 1,100 miles through long-distance runners, says, ‘Covering 26 miles in a
England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. And day at whatever speed for 43 runs, it’s demanding.
he managed to raise more than £200,000! A five-hour marathon is a fairly decent
‘Run 1,100 miles?’ we hear you say. ‘That’s 1,760 pace. It’s a massive achievement.’
kilometres – how long did it take him to run that? Two So, how did he do it? Well, he ran his
years?’ Well, it would take most people at least that marathons slowly at first. Ten hours
long if they were crazy enough to try and run such a a day to begin with and, as he got
distance. But Eddie Izzard? Well, believe it or not – it fitter, he got faster. In the end he
took him just 51 days. For six days out of every seven he was finishing in just over five hours.
ran at least 26 miles (43 km). In other words, he ran 43 But fitness alone was not enough.
marathons in less than two months, before he finished in What was more important was
great style and pouring rain in London’s Trafalgar Square! the fact that he wanted to make a
When asked how he felt, he told the BBC that he was difference to other people’s lives.
planning to ‘sleep for a week’. He thanked the people What Eddie Izzard did was so special
who had waited for him in Trafalgar Square despite the that the documentary of his run has
rain. They had all come to support him and to applaud been made into an inspiring film:
his incredible achievement. But they weren’t the only Believe! ‘You’ve got to believe you can be
people who had accompanied him on his epic journey – something else,’ Eddie says in the film.
in all four countries he was joined for parts of his run ‘I’ve done that a few times. That’s why
by local people. I keep going.’

4
40 UNIT 5
b Read the article quickly to check your b Which of these conditional types is used
answers. to talk about:
c CD2 T02 Read the text again and listen. 1 An imagined situation in the past, and its
Answer the questions. consequence, which cannot be changed?
2 A condition, and its consequence, that are
1 What’s unusual about Eddie Izzard’s story?
always true?
2 Why did it take him more than 43 days to
3 An imagined situation in the present, and
run his 43 marathons?
its consequence, that are very unlikely to
3 How did people support him on his race? happen?
4 Why was the journey an ‘ordeal’? 4 A possible present situation and its
5 How was such an achievement possible for possible consequence?
a person who is not a top athlete?
c Look at what people have said in
conversations about Eddie Izzard and
Discussion box decide which type of conditional they are.
1 Have you ever helped raise money for 1 ‘If more people were like Eddie, the world
charity? What did you do? would be a better place.’
2 Do you think it’s a good idea to raise 2 ‘If you have an ice bath after a race, it
money in the way Eddie did? Why / stops your feet from swelling.’
Why not? 3 ‘You won’t understand what this man
3 What ideas for raising money have you achieved if you don’t see the film Believe!’
heard or read about? 4 ‘Would Eddie have made it if he hadn’t
taken a day off per week?’

3 Vocabulary
2 Grammar Ways of getting involved
Conditionals review
Complete the leaflet with the words in
a Look at the examples from the text and the box.
complete the table.
A Most people make a donation if they want hand out do raise sign make join
to help those in need.
B … if they … hand out leaflets, they’ll make
others aware of the terrible conditions Support us and
some people face.
get involved
C It would take most people at least that long
if they were crazy enough to try and run Six things that you can do!
such a distance.
1 Visit our internet site and
D He wouldn’t have been able to do what sign our petition.
he did if he hadn’t taken ice baths for his
2 our demonstration in
legs at the end of each day.
the park this Sunday.
Example
3 leaflets in the street.
If clause Main clause 4 a donation.
sentence
Zero conditional present 5 Do something unusual to
simple money for us.
First conditional B 6 some voluntary work
for us – we always need people to
Second would(n’t) +
conditional infinitive help out in the office!

Third conditional past

perfect
Vocabulary bank Turn to page 113.

UNIT 5 41
 4 Listen
a What is the connection between
the words in the box?

to vote an election ((a/w 042a-042e))

the government to run a country

b CD2 T03 Listen to a radio talk show

and find out
1 what Emma’s great passion is.
2 why Emma thinks young people should have
the vote.
3 what has changed Emma’s life.

c CD2 T03 Listen again and choose the correct

answers.
1 Emma thinks that teens need to stand up
for their rights
a because adults have no interest in teen rights.
b because this could mean a lot of fun for them.
c because she is a bit bored and fed up with
her parents.
2 Emma thinks 15-year-olds should
a be part of the government.
b become aware that they have political power.
c not go into politics because they will become
corrupt too.
3 Emma thinks teens have ‘number power’ and
‘economic power’ because they make up
a 50% of the population.
b 15% of the population and they have a lot
of money to spend.
c 15% of the population but they have very little
money.
4 Emma thinks the right way for teens to use their Discussion box
economic power is to 1 Which of Emma’s points do you
a save money rather than spend it. agree with? Why?
b support political campaigns with their money. 2 Which of Emma’s points do you
c think green before they buy things. disagree with? Why?
5 When Emma says young people have ‘persuasion 3 What is your own attitude to
power’ she means that teens politics? Give reasons.
a are very charming and can easily persuade
others of what they believe in.
b are at ease with modern technology and 5 Pronunciation
should use it to make others listen to their Contractions in third
ideas. conditionals
c should change the way they live and use the
internet less often than they do. CD2 T04 and T05 Turn to page 110.

42 UNIT 5
6 Grammar d Combine the two sentences to make mixed
Mixed conditionals conditionals. Use the verb form in bold to
help you.
a Conditional sentences do not always 1 I ate a huge supper last night. I feel ill
follow the patterns you looked at in today. eaten
Exercise 2a. Look at these examples and
If I hadn’t eaten a huge supper last night,
answer the questions. I wouldn’t feel ill today.
If young people had the vote, this government 2 I really don’t understand maths. I failed the
wouldn’t have won the last election. test. understood
1 Do young people have the vote now? 3 I spent all my money on CDs. I haven’t got
2 Did the government win the last election? any money today. spent
If I had learned about politics at school, I
would understand how to vote better today.
3 Did I learn about politics in school?
4 Do I understand how to vote better
today?

b Complete the rules. Write past participle,

conditional, past and past perfect.

RULE: When we want to talk about the

past consequence of a situation that is
still true at the time of speaking, we use
4 I don’t speak Spanish. I didn’t understand
the simple in the
if clause and would/wouldn’t + have what they said. spoke
+ (conditional 5 I can’t swim. I couldn’t save the young girl.
perfect) in the main clause. been able
When we want to talk about the present
consequence of a past action, we use
the in the if clause
7 Speak
and a in the main a Work with a partner. Discuss the following.
clause. At what ages do you think young people in
the UK can do these things?
O buy a pet O become a
c Match the two parts of the sentences.
O work part-time Member of
1 If I hadn’t gone to bed so late last Parliament
night, e O be legally responsible
for a crime they commit O leave school
2 If I’d gone to bed late last night,
O drive O give blood
3 If I liked horror films,
O buy a lottery ticket O borrow money
4 If I didn’t like horror films, from a bank
5 If they hadn’t lost that game,
b Work with a partner. What are the age
6 If they’d lost that game, limits for these things in your country?
a I’d be feeling very tired now. c Think of the consequences if the age limits
b I wouldn’t have gone to see Nightfright were lower/higher.
with you. If all kids had to stay at school until they were
c they’d be world champions now. 18, the teachers would have a lot of trouble.
d they wouldn’t be world champions now. If I’d won the lottery when I was a child, I’d
e I wouldn’t be feeling so tired today. have spent all the money on sweets and toys.
f I would’ve gone to see Nightfright d Discuss your ideas in small groups.
with you.
Get it ri ht! Turn to page 119.

UNIT 5 43
 8 Read and listen FUN FUNDR
The world
’s longest
AISING
a Read the texts quickly and find out: football m
atch
1 how many goals were scored in the world’s The world
’s longest
longest football match. football m
atch finish
on Sunday ed
2 how much money was raised in the after a
remarkable
Twestival event. 36 hours
of play. An
incredible
3 what charity is supported by J. K. Rowling. 626 goals
were score
Gloucester a t Bishops d
shire, in a Cleeve,
B o m a tc h
b CD2 T06 Read the texts again and listen. ok of Reco
rds as the that enters
the Guinn
sides kicked longest ev ess
Answer the questions. off at 6.30 er played.
whistle wa pm last Fri The two
s blown at day and th
1 Why did the Bishops Cleeve football players ending an 6.30am on e final
epic chari Sunday m
to help bu ty m atch whic o rn ing,
have to finish the game in the end? ild a schoo h raised £
The match l in India. 3 0 ,000
2 In what ways has Twitter helped to aid would hav
longer if to e carried o
rrential ra n for even
humanitarian projects? too danger in hadn’t
made con
ous to con ditions
the two 18 tinue. Sev
3 Why did J. K. Rowling produce seven -man team eral player
s from
with injuri s had alrea
handwritten copies of Beedle the Bard? es. dy been ta
ken off

A DI FF ER EN CEREALIA 044a
TH E 14 0 CH AR AC TE RS TH AT MA DE
r in 140 characters? The answer
Can people change the world for the bette
h was first held in 2009, brings
@twestival I think it was a great is a clear and definitive ‘yes’. Twestival, whic
ther to raise money for charity. In
success, lets all try to raise even Twitter users from around the globe toge
for chairty: water, which aims to
more money next time #charity the first event, over $250,000 was raised
r for people in the developing
get access to clean and safe ddrinking wate event
wor d. But this is not the only charity
worl
HANDWRITTEN held through Twitter. Tweetsgiving has raise
d
B
£1.9 MILLION FO OOK BRINGS IN
and
$10,000 to build a classroom in Tanzania
of video
R CHARITY Tw t-a-thon – a 12-h
Twee our mara thon
Life.
The Tales of Beedle the Bard is and tweeting – raised money for Water is
a book of children
’s stories by
British author J. K.
Rowling.
The book was
originally
produced in a lim
ited edition
of only seven co
pies, each
handwritten and Discussion box
D
illustrated
by the author. On
e of them
was offered for 1 Can you imagine taking part
auction in
late 2007 and was in any of the fundraising ways
expected to
sell for £50,000; ul described here? Why / Why not?
timately it was bo
com, making the ught for £1.95 mill
selling price the ion by Amazon.
modern literary m highest achieved 2 Which of the ways of fundraising
anuscript. The m at auction for a
book was donated oney earned at th described here do you find
to The Children’s e auction of the
was published for Voice charity cam
the general public paign. The book most/least impressive? Why?
earned going to th about a year later,
e charity. with all income
‘The idea came rea 3 What creative ways of
lly because I want
been very closely ed to thank six ke fundraising can you think of?
connected to the y people who have
people for whom Harry Potter series
a piece of jewellery , and these were 4 If you were well off, would you
idea of writing them wasn’t going to cu
a book, a handwritt t it. So I had the
these six people. An en and illustrated be prepared to donate a large
d well, if I’m doin book, just for
the seventh book
will be for this ca
g six I really have
to do seven, and sum of money to charity?
said J. K. Rowling. use, which is so clo Why / Why not?
se to my heart,’

44 UNIT 5
9 Write
a Read the letter and answer the questions. c Work in groups. Imagine you want to raise
1 Who’s the letter from? money for charity. Decide on a charity,
what you’re going to do and how you hope
2 What do they want to raise money for?
to raise money.
3 What are they organising?
4 What two kinds of sponsorship do they hope d Write a letter (maximum 250 words) to
to get? a company and ask for their support.
Include:
5 Is the letter to some friends or to a business?
O what it is that you plan to do
b Read the letter again and answer the questions. O what you would like from them
1 Where does the sender put his own O what you could offer them in return.
address and the date?
2 How does James MacDonald start the letter?
3 Does James use any contracted verb
forms (e.g. it’s or I’m)? The Half-marathon Committee
4 How does James end the letter? Trent High School
16 York Street
ECCLES ES12 5JP

2 May 2012
Dear Sir/Madam,
As I am sure you already know, next month will see the beginning of the
Have a Heart campaign to raise money for heart research. As part of popular
support for this campaign, a group of students here at Trent High School
have decided to organise a half-marathon on 28 June. Of course, all the money
that we hope to raise by doing this will go to Have a Heart.
In order to raise as much money as possible, we are doing two things: firstly
we are asking members of the public to sponsor individual runners in the
race and secondly, we are looking for institutional sponsors to help with the
fundraising. It is for this second reason that I am writing to you now.
As the representative of Trent High School’s Half-marathon Committee,
I am writing to ask if your company would be willing to consider providing
sponsorship for our event. What we had in mind, if you agree, is to put the
For your portfolio

sponsor’s name on the numbers of each runner, and on banners along the route,
as well as at the finishing line. We hope and believe that our sponsor will,
in this way, gain a lot of positive publicity.
It is difficult, of course, to make a request for a specific amount of money,
but we are hoping that your company will sponsor us for £1,000 or more,
and will perhaps also contribute to the making of banners, etc.
Should you be interested, please contact us at the above address.
Thank you for considering our request. We look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
James MacDonald

UNIT 5 45
 6 Our world
Future continuous
Future perfect
Vocabulary: global issues

Read and listen

a Read Danni’s blog quickly and find out:
1 where Danni went for her holidays.
2 what she thought of the town before
she went and after she had been there.
3 what her dream is.

Share Report Next blog

B my trip to Gaviotas
Last summer I had the most amazing experience My dad’s contact in Gaviotas hass a son
of my life. My dad’s an engineer who works with exactly my age, Ricardo. He speaks really good
green technology and he was sent by the university English and so for the next week he was my guide
he works for to a small town called Gaviotas in to this amazing place. The first thing he pointed out
Colombia. As it was the school holidays, he decided to me was all the fantastic technology that had been
to take me with him. At first I wasn’t too keen. What invented there. That was why my dad was there and
was I going to do in the middle of nowhere, in a I could see why he was excited. They have really
country where I couldn’t even speak the language? cool windmills to generate power from the wind.
And anyway, what was so special about Gaviotas? They have solar panels to heat water. They even
My dad is always talking about how, 50 years use cow dung to power their hospital. Ricardo told
from now, we will have used up all the Earth’s me that they produce 70% of all their own energy
resources and how, by 2050, half the ice caps and food and they produce very little waste. The
will have disappeared and global temperatures trees they planted more than compensate for any
will have risen by 2oC, and so on. He told me that greenhouse gases they emit. What’s more, the
Gaviotas was an example of how people could live technology they’ve developed here is used in several
without destroying the environment. This got me a other places in central and southern America and
bit more interested, so I did some research. I found they don’t charge a peso, it’s free for everyone.
out that Gaviotas was founded in 1971 by a group But Gaviotas is not a success just because of its
of scientists and artists led by a man called Paolo green technologies, it’s also a model for how people
Lugari. They had decided to build a completely new can live more peacefully together. Every family
town in the remote savannas of eastern Colombia. gets a free home, free meals and free schooling for
Not only was there nothing there, but the whole the children. So there is no poverty. Guns are not
area was caught up in a political war between the allowed and neither are dogs (they do this to protect
army and guerrillas. However, 40 years later, it is the wildlife). There are no police and there is no jail.
still there and doing really well. There’s not even a mayor. People just have to get on
The journey there was quite an adventure. It with each other. It’s fantastic.
seemed to take forever, but eventually we arrived. I was really sad to leave Gaviotas, especially as Dad
I was amazed by how green it was and my dad won’t be going there again for years. Still, I made
explained that they had replanted millions of trees a great new friend and now I have a new dream:
and created a whole new forest. There were loads I hope that, 20 years from now, we’ll all be living in
of different species of birds flying about and flowers towns like Gaviotas.
everywhere. I was beginning to like this place.

46 UNIT 6
b CD2 T07 Read the text again and listen. Future perfect
Mark the statements T (true) or F (false).
b Look at the example sentences and
Correct the false statements.
complete the rule. Write have, past
1 Danni got really excited when her dad participle and will.
told her where they were going for
50 years from now, we will have used up
the holidays.
all the Earth’s resources
2 Danni doesn’t speak Spanish. By 2050, half the ice caps will have disappeared.
3 Her dad is optimistic about the future
of the world. RULE: When we want to talk about things
4 Danni wasn’t expecting Gaviotas to that will finish some time between now and
have so many trees and plants. a specified time in the future, we use the
5 Her dad went to Gaviotas to find out future perfect.
more about the energy technologies To form the future perfect we use
there. followed by and finally
the .
6 Gaviotas doesn’t need to import any
food or energy. Now 2050
7 The police in Gaviotas don’t carry guns.
By 2050 half the ice caps will have
disappeared.
Discussion box
1 What would you like best about
living in a community like Gaviotas?
c Circle the correct words in the sentences.
2 Are you worried about the future of 1 We will have used up / be using up all the
the planet? Why / Why not? Earth’s fresh water by the year 2050.
2 Some animals will probably have died out /
be dying out completely 30 years from now.
3 I think people will have lived / be living
2 Grammar environmentally-friendly lives in the future.
Future continuous 4 Scientists will have looked / be looking hard
for a solution over the next few decades.
a Look at the example. Then complete the
rule. Write be, present participle and will. d One scientist has a solution to the problem
I hope that, 20 years from now, we’ll all be of overcrowding on the Earth. Write
living in towns like Gaviotas. sentences, using the prompts. Use the
future perfect or future continuous.
RULE: When we want to talk about things 1 During 2014 / politicians / meet to
that will be in progress at a specified future discuss / the problem.
time, we use the future continuous.
During 2014 politicians will be meeting to
To form the future continuous we use discuss the problem.
followed by and
2 By 2017 / politicians / decide on / an
finally the .
undersea policy.
Now 20 years from now
3 In 2024 / engineers / build / homes under
the sea.
We will be living in towns like Gaviotas. 4 In 2050 / people / live / under the sea.
5 By 2055 / half the world’s population /
move / to a home under the sea.

UNIT 6 47
 3 Vocabulary
Global issues
a Complete the sentences with
the words in the box. Then match
the underlined phrasal verbs with
meanings a–f.

waste starvation
species temperatures
resources atmosphere

ba l
Many species of animals are in

o
1

Gl
danger of dying out over the next

The
50 years. b
2 We will soon use up all our natural

a ge
.

Vi ll
3 We need to find a safe way of
getting rid of nuclear .
4 Too many industries are fouling
up the without getting
punished.
5 Scientists say around If we could turn the population of the Earth into
the world will go up by as much as
a small village community of 100 people, keeping
six per cent over the next century.
roughly the same proportions we have today on
6 It’s only by helping local people to
our planet, it would be something like this.
grow food that we can bring about
an end to .

a achieve Welcome to our Global Village, the village Earth.

b becoming extinct In our village there are 100 people.

c increase 51 people are women and 49 are 1 .

2
d disposing of 61 people are from .

e completely finish 12 people are from 3 .

f polluting 14 people are from North and South
4
.
b Work in pairs. Which of the issues in There are 13 people from 5 .
Exercise 3a worries you most? Put the
issues in order of importance.
c Work in small groups. Compare your 13 people don’t have enough to 6 ,
lists. or are actually dying from hunger.
More than 40 people in the village live without basic
4 Read and listen sanitation, and 16 people live without water that can
be drunk.
a Look at this website. Some of the Roughly 14 adults in the village can’t read or write.
information is missing. In groups, Only 7 have had a secondary school
discuss what the missing information 7
.
might be.
8 people have a computer, and 4 are
8
b CD2 T08 Listen and complete the to the internet.
text with one word in each gap. 8 people have a car, and 10% of the houses are
powered by electricity.

48 UNIT 6
 Discussion box
1 Do you think any of the numbers
are surprising? If so, which ones?
2 The numbers and percentages
change over time. Which do you
think are getting smaller, and which
do you think are getting bigger?

5 Pronunciation
/ð/ thee and /θ/ thing
ing
CD2 T09 and T10 Turn to page 110.

6 Speak
a Work in pairs. Read the following and
note down as many examples as you
can think of.
We also use the term Global Village to
refer to the fact that so much trade takes
Some people keep their food in a refrigerator, and place today between different countries
their clothes in a 9 ; they have around the world. We drink Brazilian
a roof over their heads, and they have a bed to coffee in Canada, watch American films
sleep in. These people represent about 75% of in Thailand and so on. What foreign
the entire 10 of the village. influences are there in your country?
6 people in our village own 59% of the entire Think about:
wealth of all the people in our community. O TV programmes from abroad that are
47 people live on two dollars or less a day. popular in your country
25 people struggle to live on a
O groups / singers / kinds of music
11 from abroad that are popular in your
a day or less.
country
If you have a bank account, you’re one of the
O food you eat regularly that is imported
30 12 people in the village.
from another country
O products you use every day that are
made in another country.
Of all the money that the village spends
every year: b What percentage of the things
about 5.5% is spent on weapons and mentioned above come from abroad?
13
, roughly 3.4% is spent on Discuss in pairs.
14
and something like 2.6%
is spent on keeping people 15 . I think that roughly No, it’s less than
Next year, there will be 105 people in the village. 60 per cent of the TV that! If you ask
programmes here are me, it’s something
from abroad. like 25 per cent.
Work with passion,
c What are the advantages and
Love without needing to be loved,
disadvantages of the importing of
Appreciate what you 16 , foods and other products across
And do your best for a 17
world. the world?

Get it ri ht! Turn to page 119.

UNIT 6 49
 It’s not very reen, is it?
7 Read and listen
a CD2 T11 Amy, Jack, Nick and Lily are talking about something that perhaps ‘isn’t very green’.
Read, listen and find out what it is.

Nick: I was just talking to Sandra Jenkins.

Lily: I know her. Isn’t she the one who’s really into
gymnastics and stuff?
Nick: Yeah, that’s her. She was telling me how her
whole family’s into athletics and things – her mum’s
a swimmer, nearly made the Olympics one time, so
Sandra says. Her brother’s a squash player, club level.
And her dad’s a pretty good runner: he does triathlons.
Jack: Triathlons? Blimey. You’ve got to be fit to do that.
Nick: He’s a big cricket fan too.
Lily: He likes cricket? The world’s most boring sport?
Jack: Are you out of your mind? Cricket’s brilliant!

Nick: Whatever. Anyway, Sandra said her dad’s such a big fan that he’s going to New Zealand to watch
the next match against England.
Amy: Hang on a minute – you mean, he’s flying all the way to New Zealand to watch a cricket match?
Jack: Wow. That’s just so cool. Wish I could do that.
Amy: No, it isn’t cool at all. What’s cool about it? Sandra’s dad is going to fly all the way to New Zealand and
back, with all the pollution that causes, to watch sport? Have you never heard of carbon footprints, Jack?
Jack: Give me a break, Amy. Of course I have. But that plane to New Zealand will fly there anyway, whether
Sandra’s dad is on it or not. It’s hardly his fault.
Lily: But people should only travel because they need to, not just because they want to.
Jack: Oh yeah? Go tell that to all the holidaymakers in the world. See where it gets you.
Amy: But she’s right, Jack.
Nick: Well, the way I see it – it’s none of our business what he does. And actually …
Amy: None of our business? Huh!

Later
b Read the text again. Answer the questions.
Amy: We were talking about your dad earlier on,
Sandra – you know, his trip to New Zealand 1 How does Jack feel about Sandra’s father’s
and all that. trip? And Amy?
Sandra: Really? Why? What’s there to talk about? 2 What is the other reason that Sandra’s
Amy: Well, let’s face it. It’s not very green, is it? father is going to New Zealand?
You know – flying thousands of kilometres 3 How does Amy feel when Sandra tells her
just to watch a sport. the other reason?
Sandra: Well, Amy, if you must know – it isn’t
only to watch sport. He’s going to run in a Discussion box
triathlon. And he’s being sponsored, you
1 What is your opinion of Sandra’s father’s
know, for charity. If he does well, he’ll raise
trip?
more than £3,000 for medical research.
Amy: Oh. I see. Well, I suppose that puts things 2 Make a list of reasons why people take
in a different light. long flights. How justifiable do you think
each reason is? How could people avoid
flying so much?

50 UNIT 6
8 Everyday En lish
a Find expressions 1–6 in the story. Who says them? Match them with meanings a–f.
1 Are you out of your mind? a you don’t need to know about that, because it doesn’t affect you.
2 Whatever. b what you said isn’t important. (disrespectful)
3 Hang on a minute c stop criticising / annoying [me].
4 Give [me] a break d the idea is unpleasant but true.
5 it’s none of [our] business e I can’t believe you think that.
6 let’s face it f wait a moment (before I disagree).

b Use one of the phrases in Exercise 8a in each

space. 0 Makin Waves DVD Episode 2

1 A: Gorillas aren’t monkeys – they’re apes!

B: . They live in trees, don’t
they?
2 A: You shouldn’t spend all your money on
clothes.
B: Hey – ! It’s my money and
I can spend it any way I want.
3 A: We need to practise a lot before the
match.
B: Yeah, we can practise – but
, they’re the champions,
so we’re not going to win.
4 A: I’m going bungee-jumping this weekend.
B: It’s really, really
dangerous!
5 A: Jake’s new haircut is awful.
B: , Rosie! That’s a really
horrible thing to say! a The girl with the bike, Mary, has seen Lily
getting out of her mother’s car. Why is
6 A: Oh, Chloe, Chloe, Chloe – all you do is talk
she upset by this, do you think?
about Chloe! It’s so boring!
B: , Mike. Chloe’s my b Complete the sentences with phrases
girlfriend – of course I talk about her a lot! from the box.

9 Improvisation How dare you

up for it
running late Bring it on

Work in groups of three. Take two minutes

to prepare a short role play. Try to use some 1 ‘Mum? Can you take me to school? I’m
of the expressions from Exercise 8a. Do not .’
write the text, just agree on your ideas for a 2 ‘ lecture us about pollution?’
short scene. Then act it out. 3 ‘Discuss this on the air? Sure. Why not?
Roles: Nick, Amy, Jack !’
Situation: somewhere at Fairbank 4 ‘So, great. An on-air discussion. I thought
Basic idea: Jack has bought a CD by a rap musician you’d both be .’
he likes, and is inviting the other two to go to As you watch the episode, check your
a rap concert. Neither Nick nor Amy like rap ideas.
much.
c Watch Episode 2. Who do you agree with
more when they are arguing: Mary or Lily?

UNIT 6 51
 Write
a Read the article. Is the writer optimistic or c Write your own magazine article
pessimistic about the future? with the same title. Follow these
steps:
b Read the article again. Which of the following areas
does the writer cover in his/her text?
O Go through the list of ideas in
Exercise 11b. Decide which you
For your portfolio

O his/her personal situation in 50 years’ time would like to include.

O scientists’ warnings concerning the Earth’s future O Brainstorm each of the ideas and
O his/her own beliefs about what the future will be like write down key words.
O peace vs. war O Organise your ideas into
O his/her professional situation in 50 years’ time paragraphs.
O the future of the car and other means of transport O Write a draft of your article.
O people’s lifestyles Read it through and check it. Try
to improve it. Write a final draft.
O what people will eat / hunger in the world

Our life – 50 years from now

Earthquake in Chile! Deadly forest fires in Spain! Floods in Pakistan! Hardly a
month goes by without headlines that lead us all to believe that the world will
be coming to an end soon. And indeed there are lots of warnings from scientists
that the future of the Earth will be a gloomy one if we carry on exploiting
natural resources and polluting our environment.

But isn’t the history of mankind a record of warnings that the end of the world
is near? Hasn’t man so far been perfectly able to come up with new inventions
and ideas that have overcome difficult situations? The answer to these
questions can only be yes – and yes it has to be!

So, let’s look forward. Exciting times are ahead of us. Over the next decades,
the governments of the most powerful countries in the world will learn to
accept that our planet needs peace and the creativity and talent of people
from all countries. By the year 2060, there will be no more war in the world.
All weapons of mass destruction will be destroyed, and the best minds of
humankind, men and women, will be working together to find solutions to all the
world’s problems.

By 2060, I think that more than half of the world’s population will be living in
big cities under the seas. Of course, the water in the oceans will have been rid
of pollution by then, and scientists will have found new fuels that do not pollute
the environment. Although the fish in the oceans will have disappeared, new
ways of producing food will have been found to prevent starvation.

I am absolutely sure that in 50 years’ time the world will be a place in which
people will love to live.

52 UNIT 6
 Grammar 2 Vocabulary
a Join the two sentences into one. Use the a Write the missing words in the grid and
sentence beginnings find the mystery phrase (to write on
1 I had a big lunch. That’s why I’m not your protest banner).
hungry now. 1
L E A F L E T S
If I hadn’t had a big lunch, I would be 2

hungry now. 3

2 I didn’t get the job because I don’t P

speak French. 4

5
If I spoke
3 She didn’t pass her driving test. That’s
Things you can do to help us:
why she’s not happy now.
1 Hand out … in the street.
If she had
2 Sign our …
4 I don’t have enough money. That’s why I
didn’t buy a bigger motorbike. 3 Go on our … this Sunday.
If I had 4 Make a … . Any amount will help.

5 I don’t like dancing. That’s why I didn’t go 5 Do some … work in our office.
to the club. 6 The mystery phrase is … 5
I would
b Circle the correct verb.
6 The dog barked all night. That’s why I’m
1 The Giant Panda is in danger of
tired.
dying in / over / out unless we do
I wouldn’t something now.
5 2 I can’t believe it. You’ve used up /over /
on all my printer ink.
b Complete the sentences, using the 3 You’ve had that bike since you were ten.
future perfect or the future continuous It’s time you got rid of / out / off it.
form of the verb in brackets.
4 That factory is really fouling in / up /
1 They will have lived here for 25 years down the air in this town.
in May. (live)
5 My maths grades have gone up /
2 Don’t phone me before nine. I’ll above / over from 56% to 78%!
my homework until then. (do) 6 We must all work together to bring
3 At six o’clock next Wednesday I’ll about / out / down an end to racism.
first class to New York. (fly) 5
4 I hope I’ll all my work by
Friday evening. (finish) How did you do?
5 I’ll be OK. Scientists will a Check your score.
‘cure’ for old age by the time I’m 50.
Total score
(discover)
21 Very Not very
6 Have a great birthday tomorrow. I’ll good OK good
of you. (think) Grammar 9 – 11 5–8 less than 5
7 By the time the film finishes, you’ll Vocabulary 8 – 10 4–7 less than 4
asleep. (fall)
6

UNIT 6 53
 7 Peacemakers
Past perfect passive
Past perfect continuous
Vocabulary: conflicts and solutions
Read and listen
a Do you recognise the people in the photos?
What do you know about them?

b Read the text quickly and answer the questions.

1 How did Alfred Nobel make his money?
2 Why did he decide to start the Nobel Prizes?

Alfred Nobel Rests in Peace

People like Martin Luther King Jr, Nelson Mandela,
Aung San Suu Kyi, Kofi Annan, Lech Walesa and
Mother Teresa have become famous all around the
world. A They are all winners of the
Nobel Peace Prize. But none of them would have
received their prize and the recognition it brings if it
had not been for one Swedish man, Alfred Nobel.
When Alfred joined the Nobel family company, it
had been developing explosives for many years.
Alfred’s father, Immanuel, had started the family
fortune by working for the Russian army to produce by inventing a weapon of mass destruction.
landmines and sea mines, which are bombs that When Alfred read this review of his life, he
are put under the ground or in the sea and which was horrified and decided to do something
explode when people move over them. But the about it. He decided that he would use the
family made even more money by manufacturing great fortune that he had made to reward
nitroglycerine, which was an effective but very people who had been working to promote
dangerous explosive. good in society. D The Nobel
Peace Prize was awarded to the person
One day Alfred arrived home to find that his
who had done the most, or the best, work
20-year-old brother Emil had been killed in a
to promote friendship between countries,
nitroglycerine explosion. B The
to abolish armies or to hold and promote
result was dynamite, which became an immediate
peace conferences.
success all over the world.
In 1997 the Nobel Peace Prize went to an
Alfred Nobel always wanted dynamite to be used
American called Jody Williams for her efforts
for peaceful means. And when it was used to blast
to get landmines banned. E
a path for the Panama Canal in 1914 he couldn’t
Perhaps now, Alfred Nobel will rest more
have been happier. Unfortunately, in the same year,
easily in his grave.
the First World War started and, when it ended four
years later, dynamite had been used to take away
the lives of thousands of young men.
C
To see his invention being used in Discussion box
this way made him very sad. 1 Why did the people in the photos win the
Sometime later Alfred’s older brother Ludwig Nobel Prize?
died. One newspaper accidentally printed Alfred’s 2 If you could award a Nobel Peace Prize,
obituary instead of his brother’s. The obituary who would you give it to? Why?
described Alfred as a man who had become rich

54 UNIT 7
c CD2 T12 Read the text again and c Read the text about the end of the First World
add the sentences. Listen and check. War and circle the correct verb forms.
1 Alfred was determined to invent a
safer explosive.
2 The five awards he created were for At 11 o’clock on
physics, chemistry, medicine, literature 11 November, 1918,
and, most significantly, peace. the peace treaty that
3 Ironically, of course, the Nobel family
ended the First World
fortunes had been built on mines. War 1was signed / had
been signed in a railway
4 Alfred had always hated war and
carriage. When the war
considered it to be ‘the horror of
ended, all the soldiers
horrors and the greatest of all crimes’. 2
were sent / had been
5 And what do they have in common? sent home, but millions
d Read the text again and put these of men 3were killed / had
events in order. been killed in the ¿ghting
and vast amounts of
1 Alfred started working with his
money 4were spent / had been spent. Large parts of
father.
the French countryside were in terrible condition,
2 Alfred read about his own ‘death’ and many towns and cities 5were destroyed / had
in a newspaper. been destroyed by the guns of the opposing armies.
3 Alfred’s brother Emil died in an
accident. Because of the destruction, a decision 6was taken /
had been taken in 1919 to start the League of
4 Dynamite killed many people
Nations, to make sure that such a war would
during the First World War.
never happen again. The idea of a League 7was
5 Alfred created the Nobel Prizes. discussed / had been discussed for several years,
6 Alfred invented dynamite. but it was the First World War that made it happen.
7 Dynamite was used to build the
Unfortunately, the League of Nations didn’t work.
Panama Canal.
Between 1939 and 1945, another World War
8
was fought / had been fought between countries
2 Grammar from all over the world.
Past perfect passive
a Complete these sentences from the
text in Exercise 1. d Complete the sentences. Use the past simple
1 One day he arrived home to find that passive or past perfect passive form of the
his brother killed in an verbs in brackets.
explosion. 1 When the soldiers got home, they discovered
2 When the war ended four years later, that their homes had been destroyed (destroy)
dynamite used to during the war.
take away the lives of thousands of 2 When we got to the bookshop, we were too
young men. late! The last copy (sell).
b Circle the correct options to 3 There was a terrible car accident in my street
complete the rule. last night – one man (kill).
4 The 2010 football World Cup
RULE: We form the past perfect passive (hold) in South Africa.
with the past perfect form of the verbs 5 I was angry when I got to the shop because my
be / have plus the infinitive / past bicycle (not repair).
participle of the main verb.
6 It was strange to see my old school again – all
the walls (paint) a different
colour by the new caretaker.

UNIT 7 55
 3 Listenin 4 Grammar
a Try to guess the meaning of the underlined Past perfect continuous
words and phrases. a Read the examples, then circle the
1 For a long time it seemed correct option to complete the rule.
that the conflict between Because they had been working so well
the two states could not together, they became really good friends.
be resolved. It turned out later that the two guys had
2 A growing percentage of been having similar problems for some
conflicts among people time.
lead to violence.
3 He seems to think that RULE: We use the past perfect
avoiding fights is a sign of continuous to talk about
continuous / single actions that began
weakness.
before / at the same time as a specific
4 They started to shout at time in the past.
each other and almost
got into a physical fight.
b Underline another example of the
5 As I was walking round the corner, a boy talking past perfect continuous in the text in
on his mobile bumped into me. Exercise 1.
6 When I saw them starting to kick each other,
I decided to step in. c Circle the correct verb forms.
7 When there is a conflict, it’s good to listen to Last Friday evening, Zoe was on a train to
the perspectives of both sides. London. She 1 was going / had been going
8 Before we do what he suggests, let’s see if we home. She was hungry because she hadn’t
can find other options. eaten for several hours, and she was tired
because she 2had travelled / had been
b CD2 T13 Listen to an American teenager, travelling for almost a day. Yet she was
Jackson, talking to his friend Olivia about a happy, too, because she 3had received /
conflict resolution programme at his school. had been receiving a letter from her
Answer the questions. parents. She was also happy because she
4
1 What are the results of a study carried out had looked / had been looking forward to
among US teenagers? going home ever since the day she left.
2 What does Jackson think about the conflict d Complete the sentences with the past
resolution programme at his school? continuous or past perfect continuous
3 What example of a conflict does he give? form of the verbs in brackets.
4 What did the psychologist say about conflicts 1 When my alarm clock went off, I
and disagreements? had been sleeping (sleep) for eleven
hours.
c CD2 T14 Listen to the second part of the
2 Her face was red and she had a
conversation and put the steps of the conflict handkerchief in her hand, so I knew she
resolution programme in the correct order. (cry).
Then discuss with a partner what each step
3 I met an old friend of mine yesterday
is about.
when I (shop).
Gather Set the 4 When she finally got to see the doctor,
perspectives stage she (wait) for over an
hour.
Create Evaluate
5 A car almost hit me when I
options options
(cross) the road last
Create an Find common Saturday.
agreement interests 6 I (think) about the
problem for hours, when suddenly the
answer came into my head!

56 UNIT 7
5 Vocabulary c CD2 T15 Complete the sentences
Conflicts and solutions with the correct form of the underlined
expressions in Exercise 5b. Then listen
a Complete the sentences from the and check.
listening with find / resolve. 1 He’s a bit upset because he’s fallen out
1 A study carried out among US teenagers with his best friend.
shows that a growing percentage of them 2 Can you help me with my Maths homework?
see fighting as the only acceptable way to I keep .
disagreements. Let’s
3 . you change your mind
If
2 They have to agree that they will try to and let me go to the party, I’ll be back by
work together to a peaceful 11 o’clock instead of 12!
solution. 4 I get angry at home because my parents always
my brother’s .
b Read this web page. Match the
5 The presidents of the two countries
underlined expressions with definitions
are meeting to try and a
a–h. Write 1–8 next to the definitions.
that started last month.
6 Annie can help you with any problems
you’ve got. She’s really good at
things .
7 Haven’t you and your brother

Friendsonceagain.com yet? I’m tired of seeing the two of you

fighting all the time!
– we are here to help you! 8 There are many countries in the world that
always when a war starts.
If you have a disagreement with a neighbour,
a friend or a partner, and can’t seem to resolve
Vocabulary bank Turn to page 114.
it, don’t worry, we’re here to help. Sometimes
people 1fall out completely, and even when they 6 Pronunciation
try to 2sort things out between themselves, they
Linking sounds
3
get stuck and are unable to 4make up. Problems
like this can easily be sorted out if you know the CD2 T16 Turn to page 111.
best way to do it. And we know the best way!
We have years of experience in managing and 7 Speak
5
resolving conflicts. We believe that it is always
possible to 6make a compromise that satisfies Read the text. Work in groups and discuss
everyone involved. We do everything we can to how the conflict described in the text could
7
stay neutral. We’re not interested in 8taking sides, be resolved.
we’re only interested in helping you to end the
deadlock. So contact us and let us help you find
a solution. Evie is brilliant at Physics. One of her best friends
in class, Jake, has asked her several times to help
him with his physics homework. She has always
a not support one person more than another 7
been happy to help him, but recently the situation
b have a disagreement and no longer be has started to get uncomfortable because Jake
friendly has stopped doing the homework himself and has
c be unable to go any further started copying it from her. Yesterday, Mr Donovan,
their physics teacher, confronted Evie with the
d be friendly again after a disagreement
situation and accused her of letting Jake copy
e reduce demands or change opinion in order
the homework from her. Evie confessed to it, but
to agree Jake was furious when he found out. How can the
f find a way to end a disagreement or fight situation be resolved?
g make things clearer/better
h support one person against another

UNIT 7 57
 8 Read
a Look at the cover of the book and read the short
description of the story. Would you be interested in
reading the book, or seeing the film? Why / Why not?

Pride and Prejudice

by Jane Austen
In 18th century England, Elizabeth Bennett and Mr Darcy meet and he
appears to dislike her. Darcy is very rich, Elizabeth comes from a poorer
family. Elizabeth believes that Darcy has treated her sister badly, and
also her friend Mr Wickham. So she is very surprised when, one day,
Mr Darcy asks her to marry him. She says ‘No’ and they argue.

‘Your character was revealed many reflection, by everything. But I hate any kind of disguise.
months ago by Mr. Wickham. On this And I am not ashamed of the feelings I expressed. They
subject, what do you have to say? were natural and just. Could you expect me to rejoice in
How can you defend yourself?’ the inferiority of your connections? To congratulate myself
‘You take an eager interest in that on the thought of joining a family whose condition in life is
gentleman’s concerns,’ said Darcy so beneath my own?’
in a less tranquil voice, and with Elizabeth felt herself growing more angry every moment,
heightened colour. but she tried very hard to speak with composure when
‘How can anyone who knows she said: ‘You are mistaken, Mr. Darcy, if you think that the
about his misfortunes help feeling an manner of your proposal affected me – it only spared me
interest in him?’ the concern that I might have felt about refusing you, if you
‘
‘His f ? repeated Darcy contemptuously. ‘Yes,
?’
misfortunes?’ had behaved in a more gentlemanly manner.’
his misfortunes have been great indeed.’ She saw his surprise, but he said nothing, so she
‘And inflicted by you,’ cried Elizabeth with energy. ‘You continued.
have reduced him to his present state of poverty. […] You ‘You could not have made me an offer of marriage in any
have deprived him of the best years of his life, of the way that would have tempted me to accept it.’
independence he deserved.’ Again his astonishment was obvious, and he looked at her
‘And this,’ cried Darcy, as he walked quickly across the with an expression of disbelief mixed with embarrassment.
room, ‘is your opinion of me? This is the estimation in […]
which you hold me! I thank you for explaining it so fully. ‘You have said quite enough, madam. I perfectly
My faults, according to this calculation, are heavy indeed! comprehend your feelings, and can now only be ashamed
But perhaps,’ he added, stopping in his walk, and turning of my own. Forgive me for taking up so much of your time,
towards her, ‘these offences might have been overlooked, and accept my best wishes for your health and happiness.’
if your pride had not been hurt by my honest confession And with those words he hastily left the room, and
[…]. These accusations might have been suppressed, if I Elizabeth heard him open the front door and leave
had hidden my struggles, and flattered you into thinking the house.
that my feelings were driven by inclination, by reason, by

b CD2 T17 Read the extract again and listen. Discussion box
Which underlined word or phrase means: 1 Do you feel more sympathetic to
1 very quickly 5 saved me from being worried Elizabeth, or to Darcy? Why?
2 in a calm way 6 might not have been said 2 Do you think Elizabeth and Darcy
3 increased 7 completely understand get married at the end of the story,
or not? Why?
4 to be happy about 8 made me think about
saying ‘yes’

58 UNIT 7
9 Write
a Read the text about a Nobel Prize
winner. Which paragraph describes:
a the writer’s own opinion of this person?
b the person’s early biographical history?
c the person’s achievements?
d who the person is?

Aung San Suu Kyi

1 Aung San Suu Kyi is an opposition leader from military ooffered to free her if she agreed to leave
Myanmar (formerly Burma) and the 1991 winner Myanmar, but she refused to do so until the
Myanmar
of the Nobel Peace Prize. country was returned to civilian government and
political prisoners were freed. Since 1989, she
2 When she was two years old, her father, who was
has spent most of her time under house arrest,
expected to become prime minister of independent
but during this period she has also been freed on
Burma, was assassinated. She went to school in
several occasions. She was finally freed again from
Burma until 1960, when her mother became
house arrest on 13 November 2010.
ambassador to India. After studying in India, she
attended the University of Oxford, where she met 4 I admire Aung San Suu Kyi for what she has done
her future husband. She had two children and lived for the people of her country. Although she must
a rather quiet life until 1988, when she returned to have known from the very beginning that speaking
Myanmar to look after her mother who was very ill. out against the dictatorship in her country could
be very dangerous for her personally, she believed
3 When Aung San Suu Kyi arrived in her country,
in her dream of a free Myanmar and has continued
people were protesting against the rule of the
her fight for democracy and human rights. I think,
military government. On one occasion, hundreds
as an opposition leader, Aung San Suu Kyi has
of protesters were killed by the army, and this
set a perfect example of what politicians should
was the reason why Aung San Suu Kyi began
be like. They should see themselves as serving the
to speak out. She began a non-violent struggle
people of their country, rather than aiming to gain
for democracy and human rights. She joined
personal advantages, money and a life of luxury.
the National League for Democracy, which won
Aung San Suu Kyi has very courageously shown
more than 80 per cent of the parliamentary seats
the world how one woman, who truly believes in
in 1990, but the military government refused
her ideals, can stick by her people in the face of all
to recognise the results. Aung San Suu Kyi was
kinds of adversity.
For your portfolio
placed under house arrest from July 1989. The

b Read the last paragraph of the text again. What things does the writer admire about Aung San
Suu Kyi? How does the writer express his/her admiration?
c Write about a person you admire. Use the notes to help you. Write about 200–250 words.
1 Decide on the person you want to write about. Make notes about what you already know about them.
Use the internet or an encyclopaedia to find more information.
2 Think about the structure of your text. Organise your information into paragraphs. Use the text in
Exercise 9a to help you. Decide on which information the reader will find interesting. You don’t have
to include every detail.
3 Consider why you have chosen this person. Ask yourself what the person has achieved, what is special
about the person and what you admire about him/her.

UNIT 7 59
 8 Kindness matters
Dummy it
Modal verbs review
Vocabulary: making an effort

Read and listen

a Who are the people and what are they
doing? Read the text to check your ideas.

THE KINDNESS OFFENSIVE

Behind the walls of a house in north The four friends started working together a year ago
London there are 35 tonnes of toys and when they set up a stand to ask passers-by how their lives
food, piled from floor to ceiling. could be improved. It was a period of trial and error.
‘At first, people didn’t believe that we were genuine,’
The four people who live there have persuaded companies said Mr Crane, a musician. ‘Most people were deeply
to give them £250,000 worth of toys and food – for suspicious. They didn’t think we’d live up to our
nothing. And next Monday, they are going to give them promises.’ But the group soon learned how to do it
away across north London housing estates from the top properly and convince people of their good intentions.
deck of a specially painted double-decker bus. Their first successful ‘kindness act’ was to persuade
David Goodfellow and his three friends, Benny Crane, a company to donate a red guitar to a boy who really
James Hunter and Callum Teach, call themselves ‘The wanted one. Since then they have sent someone to see
Kindness Offensive’. They specialise in carrying out random the Moscow State Circus, fulfilled another person’s
acts of kindness for total strangers. dream of watching a football match at Wembley and,
Mr Goodfellow says: ‘I believe that, deep down, most last October, they distributed more than 25 tonnes of
people are good. They genuinely want to help other people. food to asylum seekers. ‘It is awful to see how asylum
They watch programmes about poverty on TV and wonder seekers are treated,’ said Mr Hunter, ‘We’ve met people
how they might be able to help people but it’s all a bit half- who are struggling just to live. They desperately want to
hearted. I feel we live in a climate where everyone is taught contribute to society but they can’t work and they don’t
to mistrust each other,’ he adds. ‘We’re told to report our find it easy even to buy food.’
neighbour’s suspicious behaviour. We’re never encouraged The Kindness Offensive goes to great lengths to
to help each other.’ avoid publicity. But they would like to see more people
According to them, it is remarkably easy to get hold of performing kind deeds for one another. David’s father,
items to give away, if you persist. You simply phone endless Michael, is the latest person to sign up. ‘What I’ve learnt
manufacturers to see if they are willing to donate something. is that kindness is infectious,’ he said. ‘If you do good
‘You have to make a lot of calls,’ Mr Goodfellow explains. deeds, you’ll get a lot out of it and others will follow.’
‘Our phone bills are enormous, but eventually you reach
someone sympathetic.’

b CD2 T18 Read the text again and listen.

Answer the questions.
Discussion box
1 Where do the members of The Kindness
Offensive live? 1 Would you become a member of The
Kindness Offensive? Why / Why not?
2 What does their movement do?
2 Remember a time when someone did
3 What does Mr Goodfellow think about how
something kind for you. What happened?
people are educated?
3 Do you believe that if you do good to
4 Why was it difficult for The Kindness Offensive
someone, then something good will
when they started?
happen to you? Can you think of any
5 How does The Kindness Offensive feel about examples when this has happened?
the situation of asylum seekers?

60 UNIT 8
2 Grammar b Complete the text with the expressions
Dummy it from Exercise 3a in the correct form.

a What same three words are missing in each

sentence. Check in the text.
1 easy get hold of items to give
away.
2 awful see how asylum seekers
are treated

b Look at the words in the box and make five

statements that you agree with. Compare your Mum and Dad have always 1 gone to
answers with a partner. great lengths to make sure I have a happy
family life, and I wanted to do something
It’s (not) nice to see people who are unhappy. for them. So I decided to become an expert
It’s (not) easy to ignore other people. in washing up. And I mean an expert – this
It’s (not) unusual to be kind. wasn’t something I was going to do in a
It hurts to feel lonely. 2
way. I was going to be the best!
It doesn’t to understand why people At first I 3 and I didn’t always
4
cost anything don’t help each other. to get those knives and forks
It feels good to help people who need it. as clean as I wanted. Occasionally a plate
to say you’re sorry. would fall from my hands and break on the
to see people smile. floor but I wasn’t going to give up.
I found the best washing-up liquid through
5
. I must have experimented with
c Rewrite the ideas, beginning ‘It … ’. more than a dozen before I found one that
1 Living in the city is great. It’s great to live in the city. 6
the job . After weeks
2 Being kind to people is fun. of practice I had finally become what I wanted
3 Helping other people is important to be – the best washer-up in the world. And
I admit I used to 7 looking at that
4 Giving things to people for free is crazy!
rack of shining plates, glasses and dishes. I felt
5 Sometimes people are a bit suspicious. That’s normal. proud.
And then one day I came home from
school, all excited at the thought of washing
d Think about the place where you live. Write true
up after the evening meal, and there it was
sentences with the structure ‘It … to … ’.
standing right in the middle of the kitchen –
Where I live, it’s difficult to get from one place to another. all sparkling and new.
My parents had bought a dishwasher.
3 Vocabulary What had I done wrong?

Making an effort c Work with a partner. Use the expressions

a Find the underlined expressions in the text in in Exercise 3a to talk about things you’ve
Exercise 1 that mean: learned to do.
I learned to play the guitar through trial
1 to make a great deal of effort to do something
and error.
go to great lengths
At first I struggled to read the music.
2 to do something without enthusiasm or real interest
Vocabulary bank Turn to page 114.
3 to find something very difficult
4 (to get the right result) by experimenting 4 Pronunciation
5 (to do something) without having to make much Linking sounds: intrusive
effort /w/ and /j/
6 to find all your effort very rewarding
CD2 T19 Turn to page 111.
7 to do something the right way

UNIT 8 61
 5 Listen and speak
a Look at the photos. Complete the sentences, then match two of the sentences with each photo.

had learning kept lend making got

1 I didn’t know anyone who could lend me one either, so I had to walk.
2 I had never said that I was interested in to play one.
3 I used to go to work on it but then one day it stolen.
4 It the colours of his favourite team.
5 It was really cool – it was me those musical sounds!
6 I it for a long time and I even wore it sometimes.

Sally Graham Eve

b CD2 T20 Listen to three people talking about a special present that they remember.
Check your answers to Exercise 5a.
c CD2 T20 Listen again and choose answer a, b or c.
1 When Sally told Alan she was leaving, the 4 What did Graham do when he found the money on
little boy the table?
a started to cry. a He went after the couple to say thank you, but he
b went back into his house without was too late.
saying anything. b He went to serve another customer.
c looked very unhappy and went back c He ran out of the door to go and get a new bicycle.
into his house. 5 Why was Eve surprised when her grandparents gave
2 Sally her a guitar?
a doesn’t know where Alan is or what a She had asked them to buy her one, but didn’t
happened to him. think they would.
b sees Alan sometimes. b She had never told them that she wanted a guitar.
c moved back to the same house but c She thought that it wasn’t a very good present for
Alan wasn’t there. a ten-year-old girl.
3 Why did Graham smile and say thank you 6 Why is Eve happy that she got a guitar as a present
to the elderly couple? when she was young?
a Because they gave him some money. a Because now she is a musician and plays the guitar
b Because they ordered two coffees and very well.
asked him if he wanted one too. b Because it still gives her pleasure and reminds her
c Because they said they were sorry to of her grandparents.
hear that his bike had been stolen. c Because it allowed her grandmother to teach her
how to play it.

62 UNIT 8
d Think about the best present you d Circle the correct options.
have ever received. Make notes
under the headings.
1 What was it?
2 Who gave it to you?
3 Why was it so special?

e Work in small groups. Talk about

the best present you have ever
received.

6 Grammar
Modal verbs review
a Look at the examples from the
listening text in Exercise 5. Can you
remember which present the words
in italics refer to? Write S for shirt, 1 What do you think we might / should get Mum
B for bicycle and G for guitar. for her birthday?
1 He said I should look at it 2 Promise me you won’t / can’t sing ‘Happy
every day. S Birthday’.
2 They must be joking! I don’t 3 She’s going to be forty next week. She must /
want this! can’t be very happy because she doesn’t like
getting older.
3 When you look at it, you’ll
never forget me. 4 She can / may say ‘happy birthday’ in twenty
different languages.
4 Try it. Who knows? You
might like it. 5 May / Would I ask you how old you are?
5 I must have lost it 6 I might / can go to her party. I’m not sure yet.
somewhere. 7 I would / will be very angry if my father forgot my
6 I couldn’t buy another one, I birthday.
didn’t have enough money. 8 You can / must remember to write your
grandmother a ‘thank you’ letter.
b Circle the modal verb in each
sentence in Exercise 6a. Get it ri ht! Turn to page 120.
c Match the sentences in Exercise 6a
with these uses of the modal verb. 7 Speak
Write the number of the sentence
a Complete the questions with a modal verb.
next to each use.
Compare your answers with a partner.
a make a prediction 3
1 What you most like to get for your next
b talk about an impossibility in birthday?
the past
2 If you have a birthday party, what you
c talk about a possible future do to make sure it’s a success?
event
3 Imagine it was your best friend’s birthday and you
d make a deduction about couldn’t afford a present. What you
something in the present give him/her?
e express a mild obligation 4 How do you think you feel when it’s
f make a deduction about your 40th birthday?
something in the past
b Now discuss the questions with a different
partner.

UNIT 8 63
 8 Speak and listen
a You are going to listen to a song called Put a Little Love
‘Put a Little Love in Your Heart’. Read
quickly through the lyrics. What is the in Your Heart
message of the song? by Annie Lennox with Al Green
1 Find someone to love.
2 No one is perfect. You see it’s getting late
3 Let’s look after each other. Oh please don’t hesitate
Put a little love in your heart
b CD2 T21 Listen and put the verses in
order. Think of your fellow man
Lend him a helping hand
c Find a three-word phrase in the song to
complete the sentence. Put a little love in your heart
Will the government’s latest economic plan Take a good look around
make the country a fairer place? No one knows And if you’re looking down
for sure. I guess we’ll just have to
.
Put a little love in your heart
And the world will be a better place
And the world will be a better place
For you and me – You just wait and see
I hope when you decide
Kindness will be your guide
Put a little love in your heart
Another day goes by
And still the children cry
Put a little love in your heart
If you want the world to know
We won’t let hatred grow
Put a little love in your heart

64 UNIT 8
d The sentences below all contain other
common ‘verb and verb’ phrases. Complete
them with the missing verbs in the box.

pray think go take

1 Ideas on how to make society a fairer place

come and all the time.
2 We need to stop and about what
we can really do to make a difference.
3 Life is all about give and . That’s
what too many people forget these days.
4 I hope and that one day we really
will all be able to live together in peace.

9 More speakin
a Discuss with a partner. Which of these do
you agree with?
The world would be a better place if...
1 … there were no borders between countries.
b Write four more sentences.
2 … people stopped buying so many things.
3 … there were no more wars. The world would be a better place if...
4 … we stopped cutting down the rain forests. 1

5 … the World Cup and the Olympics were held 2

every two years. 3
6 … we had no cars. 4
7 … all politicians were under 40.
c Read out your sentences to the class.
8 … school didn’t start so early in the morning. Decide on the best idea.

Did you know?

With over 80 million records sold,
Annie Lennox has been one of the
world’s biggest recording stars for the
last 30 years. Whether as part of the
Eurythmics in the 1980s or as a solo
artist since the 1990s, Annie has always
enjoyed a huge amount of success.
So when the woman described by
American TV station VH1 as ‘the
greatest white soul singer alive’ teamed
up with the legendary Al Green to
record ‘Put a Little Love in Your Heart’,
it was a match made in heaven. Green
is one of the world’s best-loved gospel
and soul singers and was named 65th The 1988 single was recorded by the duo for the soundtrack
on Rolling Stone magazine’s list of the of the film Scrooged and reached number two in the
‘100 greatest artists of all time.’ US charts.

UNIT 8 65
 0 Write
a Read the summary of the text in Exercise 1. Is it a good summary or not?
For your portfolio

I thought this text was very

b Read the summary again and check
interesting. It’s about four people in the following:
London who have decided that they want to do
1 Does it include the key points
nice things and to get other people to do nice
from each paragraph of the text in
things too. One example of this is that they
Exercise 1?
persuaded companies to give them £250,000
2 Is it factually correct?
worth of toys and food, which they then gave
away to poorer people using a bus. They say 3 Is there any extra information that
isn’t in the original text?
that it is quite easy to do this – all you need
to do is make lots of phone calls to companies c Re-write the summary in Exercise
until you get to talk to someone who is friendly. 10a. Improve the summary, using the
Then they give you things that you can give guide below to help you.
away. O When writing a summary, read the
text and make notes about the main
The four men started working together a year
ideas.
ago with their ‘Kindness Offensive’. Many
people didn’t really trust them at first, but now
O Read the text again. Underline the
key points in each paragraph.
it’s OK. They say that they are trying to help
people to be nicer and to trust other people O Write the summary. Make sure you
cover all the key points.
more. So far they have helped many different
kinds of people, including giving a lot of food O Check that all your facts are correct.
to asylum seekers in the UK – the men say O It is OK to use a few phrases
that these people are treated very badly and verbatim (word for word) but don’t
need a lot of help to become full members of copy longer pieces of text.
society, which is what they want to be but they O When paraphrasing, try not to repeat
can’t because they can’t get jobs or buy food. the same words too often (see ‘nice’
in the summary above). Use the same
The ‘Kindness Offensive’ people are not trying word as appears in the text if you
to make themselves well-known or famous, they can’t think of a good alternative.
are just trying to get more people to see that O Don’t include your personal opinion
it is possible to be kind to other people. in a summary (see the first line of the
summary above).

66 UNIT 8
 Grammar 2 Vocabulary
a Use the verb in brackets in the a Match the two parts of the sentences.
past perfect simple or the past 1 Dave and his brother a out all your
perfect passive to complete have fallen problems.
the sentences.
2 Have you and your b sides with either of
1 By the time I got to the party, she mum made you on this issue.
had already gone (go)
3 You should talk to c neutral – Jean’s my
home.
Sue and try to sort best friend.
2 When we got to the party, all the
4 I’m sure if you talk d out. They’re not
food (eat) and there was
you can reach speaking to each other.
nothing left for us.
5 I know you’re unhappy e a compromise so
3 I opened my wallet and found that
but I’m not taking you’re both happy.
I (leave) all my money at
home. 6 I’m finding it f up yet? Or are you
difficult to stay still angry
4 The police discovered the letter 5
with her?
(write) two days before
the murder.
b Complete each sentence, using a word from
5 After five minutes I realised I the box.
(see) the
film before. 4
properly struggled heartedly
error lengths find
b Circle the correct option.
1 I was tired because I had worked / 1 I don’t mind changing school. I find it really
had been working all day. easy to make new friends.
2 She had waited / had been 2 The only way to get the perfect haircut is through
waiting for three hours and she trial and .
wasn’t very happy. 3 You shouldn’t have said that. She went to great
3 They had eaten / had been eating to try and please you.
too much and they didn’t feel 4 When we moved to Paris, I a lot with
very well. French for a year or so but now I speak it quite well.
4 I had sat / had been sitting down 5 She did it really half- . I don’t think she
for too long and really wanted to do it.
I needed a walk. 3
6 I tried to do it but I made
too many mistakes. 5
c Circle the correct word in
each sentence.
1 I don’t think we should / can / How did you do?
might have told him. He wasn’t Check your score.
very happy.
Total score
2 What can / will / would you do if
21 Very Not very
you were me? OK
good good
3 May / Must / Should I ask you a
Grammar 9 – 11 5–8 less than 5
personal question, please?
Vocabulary 9 – 10 5–8 less than 5
4 I’m sorry but I wouldn’t / can’t /
must help you.
5 I can / might / must go away this
weekend but I’m not sure. 4

UNIT 8 67
 9 Lan ua e
Phrasal
Ph l verbs
b review
i
Vocabulary: meanings of phrasal verbs
Vocabulary: understanding language
www.translation101.co.uk
Read
and listen Lost in
a What do you think are
the biggest challenges Translation
in translating from one
language to another? 1 People who have never learnt
a foreign language often don’t
b Read the article quickly understand that translating from
and find: one language to another can be a
rather tricky business. Unfortunately,
1 what mistake was on quite a number of occasions, be in both languages. The officials
made on a sign this ignorance can bring about wanted to come up with a sign in
embarrassing misunderstandings. both languages that made it clear
welcoming visitors to
2 English-speaking tourists who go to to lorry drivers that their vehicles
a National Park. were banned from a certain area. So
the Tirgavaya Balka National Park
2 what two languages in Tajikistan, for example, may be they wrote it in English, and sent it
to a translation bureau in an email.
were in the Welsh rather surprised to be greeted by a
sign saying ‘Welcome, expensive When they got a message back, they
road sign? thought it was the reply they needed,
visitors.’ Well, someone with good
intentions but little language after all it was in Welsh. However,
c CD2 T22 Read the what the email response actually said
sensitivity had obviously looked up
text again and listen. a word in a bilingual dictionary and was something like ‘I’m not in the
Answer the questions. found two possible translations, ‘dear’ office at the moment. I’ll get back to
and ‘expensive’. Unfortunately, they you later.’ And so a big board went up,
1 In your opinion, what with exactly that sentence in Welsh,
went for the wrong one. They were
does the writer think obviously completely unaware of what causing a lot of hilarity for local
of people who only the English on the sign really said! people who speak both languages!
speak one language? 3 Some people think they can get 5 Your comments:
away with using automatic online Hi! I recently came across another
2 What can happen
translation services rather than striking example of Lost in Translation,
when a dictionary is human translators, but this too can and again from English to Welsh. Not
used without knowing lead to surprising results. You can far from our place, there’s a sign for
how to use one? easily find out for yourself. Just key pedestrians reading ‘Look right’ in
in a phrase in your mother tongue English. The same sign says ‘Look left’
3 How can we test the into an online translator and choose in Welsh! Gerry, Cardiff
accuracy of automatic any language from the drop-down I was in stitches when I recently read
online translation menu that you want to have your that the producers of a famous soft
services? phrase translated into. Then use drink (let’s call it ‘X’ here!) had their
the translated phrase and ask the slogan ‘Come alive with X’ translated
4 Why did the officials machine to translate it back into your into Chinese. Imagine their surprise
from Swansea believe mother tongue. You may be rather when they found out it had been
they were doing the surprised by the results you get! translated as ‘X brings your ancestors
right thing when they 4 Fortunately, automatic online back from the grave’! Al, New York
used the email reply translation services have never Good one, Al. Reminds me of a
really taken off – they just don’t famous fast-food chain selling fried
for that road sign? seem to work well enough! However, chicken. Their slogan is something
translation is a dangerous thing, like ‘finger-lickin’ good’. Only, when
even when professional translators it was translated, it came out as ‘eat
are involved – as officials from the your fingers off’!
city council of Swansea in Wales
recently found out. Wales has two 14 Comments
official languages, English and
Welsh, and so road signs have to

68 UNIT 9
 b What type of phrasal verb, A, B or C,
Discussion box are the other verbs in Exercise 2a?
1 People sometimes misunderstand each other
c Put the words in order to make
even when they talk in their mother tongue.
sentences. In one sentence, there is
Tell the story of a misunderstanding you
more than one possibility.
have experienced yourself or heard about.
1 vanilla / went / ice cream / she /
2 There are some areas where translation
for / the
mistakes can have terrible consequences.
Do you know of any? If so, which ones? She went for the vanilla ice cream.
3 People often say that you need to ‘think in 2 gets / away / studying / he /
English’ if you want to be successful in the always / with / not
language. Do you agree?
4 Have you come across any other examples 3 with / plan / she / came / a /
of wrong translation? Talk about them. great / up

4 they / brought / many / about /

2 Grammar changes / have
Phrasal verbs review
a Underline the phrasal verbs in the text in 5 is / her / taking / career / off /
Exercise 1 which mean: a / as / translator

1 produce 5 discover
2 researched 6 become
3 chose successful 3 Vocabulary
4 do something 7 think of an Meanings of phrasal verbs
successfully even idea or plan
Phrasal verbs can have more than one
though it’s not the 8 found something meaning. Look at these sentences.
best way to do it by chance What does take off mean in each
sentence?
1 His acting career had just taken off
when he was tragically killed in a
A With
With ssome
omme pphra
ph
phrasal
rass verbs, the two parts
car crash.
ccaannott be
cannot be se
epa
parra
separated.
2 He’s really good at taking me off.
If you have come across similar errors,
write to us. I mean, he sounds just like me.
(Not: If you have come similar errors across, 3 The plane had a problem as it was
write to us.) taking off and had to return to the
B Other phrasal verbs can be separated, and we airport.
can put an object between the two parts.
Look up the word in a dictionary. 4 Pronunciation
Look the word up in a dictionary.
In fact, when we use a pronoun with these
Words ending in -ough
verbs, we have to put it between the two CD2 T23 and T24 Turn to page 111.
parts of the verb.
Look it up. (Not: Look up it.)
C Some phrasal verbs have three or more parts.
These cannot be separated.
Some people think they can get away with
using automatic online services.

UNIT 9 69
 1. Brummie
5 Listen 2. Scouse
3. Geordie
a CD2 T25 Listen to the 4. Mancunian
beginning of a TV programme. 5. Estuary English SCOTLAND
Draw lines between the 6. Glaswegian Glasgow
accents (1–6)and the cities
where they are spoken.

b CD2 T25 Listen again.

What examples are given of: Newcastle

1 pronunciation differences
(accent)? IRELAND
Manchester
2 vocabulary differences
(dialect)?
Liverpool

Birmingham
WALES
foreign
foreeignn ENGLAND
region
reg onaal
regional
London
a London accent
heavy
strong
slight

c CD2 T26 Listen to the next part of the TV programme. You are going to hear four teenagers
talking about their accents. Where do they come from? Write the places under the names.

Marie Patrick Tina John

1 2 3 4

d CD2 T26 Write the names. Listen again and check.

1 had a small problem at school. Discussion box
2 is not very concerned about his accent. 1 Are there many different
3 isn’t going to change how she speaks. accents in your country?
4 thinks she didn’t get a job in the past 2 Are there any accents that
because of her accent. you really like (in your own
language or in English)? Why?
5 thinks she wouldn’t have got a job in the
past because of her accent. 3 When you meet someone
for the first time, can you tell
6 was not completely understood in London.
where they come from by their
7 thinks he could lose his accent in the future. accent?
8 thinks accents aren’t very important
these days.

70 UNIT 9
6 Vocabulary c Complete the dialogues. Use the
Understanding language correct form of the expressions
from Exercise 6b. Sometimes there
a CD2 T27Circle the correct option. Then is more than one possibility.
listen and check.
1 A: Did they enjoy your talk?
1 They don’t speak English, so of course they didn’t B: I don’t think so. I don’t think they
understand a word / sentence of what I said. understand a word of what
2 He spoke so fast, we just couldn’t understand I said.
anything. It was not / totally incomprehensible! 2 A: What’s he saying now?
3 Sorry, could you repeat what you just said? B: I don’t know. It’s too noisy in here.
I didn’t miss / catch it. I anything at all.
4 He’s speaking so quietly that I can’t make / do 3 A: Did you understand the lesson?
out anything at all.
B: I think so. Well, I she
5 I caught / listened the drift of some of what she said. But not everything.
said, but I certainly didn’t understand everything.
4 A: I really didn’t understand that.
6 My German is so poor now that I managed to My German isn’t good enough.
pick a few words out / in but that was all.
B: Nor mine. I managed to
7 I got the part / gist of it – you know, the , but that’s all.
general meaning – but no details at all.
5 A: Wow! That talk was difficult to
8 I don’t understand computers, so he lost / understand.
missed me completely after about two
B: It was. I – I mean,
sentences!
he was talking about science –
b Complete the table with the words in the box. but that’s all I understood!
6 A: Did you understand him?
word drift catch lost pick B: No! He from the
very beginning!
understood everything
Vocabulary bank Turn to page 115.
got a lot / the gist
(of it / of what they
said) 7 Listen and speak
caught the 1 drift
a CD2 T28 You are going to hear
managed to pick out some (of it / of what four people speaking English in their
she said) national accents. What country are
they from?
couldn’t 2 very much
out b CD2 T28 Listen again and make a
didn’t 3 a4 (of it / brief note of what each speaker talks
of what they said) about.
didn’t get anything (at all)
didn’t understand c Work in pairs or groups. Compare
answers. Then discuss the four
He/She 5 me completely. speakers’ accents. How much did you
It was totally incomprehensible. understand? Use expressions from
Exercise 6b to help you.
‘I got the gist of what the person from
India was saying.’
‘Yes, she’s/he’s got a strong accent but
I managed to pick a few words out.’

Get it ri ht! Turn to page 120.

UNIT 9 71
 8 Read and listen
a Look through the text quickly. Find out what happened:
1 in 1889 2 at the beginning of the 19th century 3 in 1977 4 in 1984

ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGES
Wh people
When l are faced
f d with ith a fforeign-language
i l bbarrier,
i th
the
usual way round it is to find someone to translate for them.
However, the process of translation itself is often a source of
Klingon
Invented by Marc Okrand for the
miscommunication. The mistakes that are made can often lead
to great amusement – for example, a refrigerator in Asia that had 1984 film Star Trek III, this is the
a sign saying ‘This refrigerator is out of control’ rather than ‘out official language of the Klingon
of order’! So it’s not surprising that many people believe that the Empire, and it is the only knownn
foreign-language barrier can be overcome more easily through intergalactic language. There is nowow
the use of an ‘artificial’ language (AL) – a language invented to a Klingon dictionary of 1,500 words,ds, an
facilitate international communication. outline grammar, conversational course material for
Although there have been many attempts to create a simple, logical those who want to learn it, and a growing number
and plausible AL over the centuries, very little progress has really of enthusiasts on the internet! A small number of
been made towards the creation of an internationally-recognised people, mostly dedicated Star Trek fans, can have
and universally-used language. Here are three examples of ALs: a conversation in Klingon. Its vocabulary, heavily
centred on Star Trek-Klingon concepts, can sometimes
make it difficult for everyday use – for instance, while
Esperanto there are words for ‘spacecraft’, ‘war’ or ‘bridge’ (of
This was invented by the Pole, Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof, and it is a ship), there is currently no word for ‘bridge’ in the
the best-known of all ALs. The first Esperanto journal was published sense of a crossing over water.
in 1889, and the First Universal Congress of Esperanto was held in
1905, bringing together nearly 700 delegates from 20 countries. ALs – some live, some die. Creating one isn’t
In the 1970s, it was estimated to be taught in 600 schools and 31 easy – but no doubt more attempts will be
universities around the world. Today, estimates of the number of made in the future.
fluent speakers worldwide vary from less than 1 million to over 15
million. The Universal Esperanto Association has members in 121
countries, and most speakers are from Eastern Europe (especially
Bulgaria, Poland, the Czech and Slovak Republics, and Hungary). b CD2 T29 Read the text again and
listen. Answer the questions.
1 How can translation be unsuccessful

Solresol sometimes?
2 Which two of the three ALs
This remarkable language was invented by a French music
mentioned in the text are still used by
master, Jean François Sudre, at the beginning of the 19th century.
Solresol was based on the principle that the tones of music, as some people today?
named in the seven-note diatonic scale (do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti), 3 How many speakers of Esperanto are
could be used as the basic syllables of a universal language. Two- there?
note combinations were used for grammatical words, e.g. dore
4 Where is Esperanto most commonly
‘I’, or domi ‘you’. Common words used three-note combinations,
e.g. doredo ‘time’ or doremi ‘day’. Opposites in meaning were spoken?
expressed by reversing the order of syllables, e.g. misol ‘good’ 5 If ‘happy’ in Solresol is misoso, what is
and solmi ‘evil’. The unique feature of this AL is that it could be the word for ‘sad’?
played, whistled, sung or spoken. It became quite popular in the
6 Why did Solresol not succeed?
19th century, but it was difficult to learn and did not succeed in
the end. Maybe its biggest success was in 1977, when it was 7 How many people can speak to each
used by Stephen Spielberg in his film Close Encounters of the other in Klingon?
Third Kind. 8 What problems does Klingon have as
a language?

72 UNIT 9
 Discussion box
1 Would you be interested
in learning an AL?
Misunderstandings
Why / Why not?
2 Imagine a hundred years
from now. Do you think
language barriers will still
be common?
Why / Why not?
3 Do you think it would be
good if there was only one
language in the world?
Why / Why not?

University was a new experience for me. I had grown up in

the confines of a small seaside town in the south of England,
9 Write and 1 suddenly I was thrown together with people my age
a from all over the country. People were speaking in accents
Read the story. Which two
words or expressions were that I had only ever heard on TV, and sometimes using words
misunderstood? What that I had never heard before.
do each of them mean in I had only been at university for about a week when I met
‘standard’ English? Dave Pitman, from Liverpool in the north of England. We
discovered that we both played tennis, and arranged to meet
b Fill in the spaces with
up one afternoon for a game.
these adverbs or adverbial
phrases. I went to the sports hall at the time we’d agreed, and went into
the changing rooms. Dave was already there, and 2
in a panic exactly I could see that he wasn’t very happy. He was searching
unfortunately suddenly 3
for something inside his bag. He looked up at me
desperately immediately as I walked in.
easily fortunately
‘I’ve forgotten my keks,’ he said. ‘You haven’t got any,
c Write a story, between 150 have you?’
and 250 words, with this 4
I had no idea what he was talking about.
title: A misunderstanding. 5
, I thought: Tennis balls? Shorts? Trainers?
Use an incident that What? but, I said: ‘Sorry?’ Dave repeated: ‘Have you got
happened to you, or make any spare keks with you?’
up a story, where there was Of course, I could 6 have asked him what the word
For your portfolio

a misunderstanding due to meant, but I was too embarrassed and didn’t want to offend
language (a foreign language him. 7 Dave saw the look on my face, and said:
or the same language). ‘You know – keks. Shorts.’
Use adverbs and adverbial Now I understood, and luckily, I did have some spare shorts
phrases to make your story in my bag. I lent them to him, we played, and he won. Then
as lively as possible. we went to get a drink. The woman at the canteen asked me
what I wanted. ‘I’d like a Black Vanilla, please,’ I said. (Where
I come from, that’s cola and ice cream.) ‘What on earth is
that?’ said the woman. I knew 8 how she felt.

UNIT 9 73
 0 Usin fame to help
Reduced
R d d relative
l ti clauses
l Vocabulary:
V b l ffame
Question tags review Vocabulary: expressing opinions

Read and listen

a Look at the photos. Do you recognise the people?
What do theyy have in common? Read the text
quickly and find out.

Celebrity
Ambassadors

A Lionel Messi became a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador

in March 2010. What does that mean, you ask? Read on and find out!
Lionel
In the 1950s, the United Nations had an idea: why not use celebrities Messi is …
to help promote children’s rights? So they created the idea of UNICEF
an internat ionally
(the UN children’s fund) ambassadors. Ever since then, hundreds of
famous foot baller.
sports, music and film stars have been seen spreading the word for
the international peace organisation at photo calls all over the world. What he does:
Messi suppor ts ac
B A lot of stars are brought in independently by the various UN cess to
educat ion and heal
agencies. The UN Development Programme uses Ronaldo, the Brazilian th care for
vulnerable childre
footballer, to draw people’s attention to poor children. And the refugee n.
agency UNHCR uses Angelina Jolie to focus on people made homeless What he says:
because of war. These days, Angelina is probably as famous for her ‘I feel gratef ul to
UNICEF for this
humanitarian work as she is for her acting! chance to give su
ppor t to children.
I hope that in my
C But perhaps the agency most represented by the stars is UNICEF. role as a global
Goodwill Ambassad
There are lots of stars who are Goodwill Ambassadors for UNICEF: for or for UNICEF
I will be able to su
example, footballer David Beckham, singer Shakira and actor Susan ppor t children
who need our help
Sarandon. There are also celebrities used to promote one-off projects .’
every now and then: pop singer Robbie Williams has given several
concerts for UNICEF even though he isn’t a Goodwill Ambassador.
The UN has got offices in more than 200 countries, so of course
it’s important that they are represented by an international mix of
Whoopi
n
celebrities. And some of their most important stars, like West African
Goldberg is …
singer, Angélique Kidjo, aren’t exactly household names in many partsts
of the world. an internat ional
film star, producer
D They have to be very careful to choose the right people. UNICEF and TV host.
looks for celebrities who haven’t just made it big, but who are also
probably going to stay famous for quite a few years to come. ‘We can’tt What she does:
have someone who has just enjoyed success for a few minutes and Using her popularit
y and interest
then disappeared,’ a spokeswoman said. In the same way, the star in children’s issue
s, Goldberg
has to want to do more than just look caring in front of the cameras. promotes health fo
r all children
‘Our celebrities do it because they really care about children,’ says the around the world.
spokeswoman. ‘They should have the power to draw the cameras but What she says:
without wanting the attention for themselves.’ ‘We have to think
about how
So, now you know – that’s what Goodwill Ambassadors do! health issues af fe
ct children in
ever y countr y.’

74 UNIT 10
b Match the headings 1–4 with the c Complete the text about another UNICEF Goodwill
paragraphs. Write A–D in the boxes. Ambassador. Use the words in the box.
1 Stars who put children first
attended written who was born which was given
2 A few of the familiar faces which was held who is regarded accompanied won
3 More than fifty years of tradition
4 Star qualities
((a/w 075b)) realia
c CD3 T02 Read the text again Factfile
and listen. Answer the questions. The pianist Lang Lang was just 23 years old when he
1 What did the UN decide to do became a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. Lang Lang,
in the 1950s?
1
who is regarded as the most exciting pianist of our
times, works, like other UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors,
2 What two things is Angelina Jolie to bring awareness to the needs of children throughout
famous for? the world.
3 What factors are taken into Lang Lang, 2 into a musical family in
consideration when choosing UN Shenyang, started piano lessons at the age of three.
Goodwill Ambassadors? At nine, he entered the Central Music Conservatory of China.
As his talent grew, he began to enter competitions. Among the awards
3
by him was first prize at the prestigious Tchaikovsky
Discussion box International Young Musicians’ Competition 4 in 1995 in Japan.
In 1997, 15-year-old Lang Lang, 5 by his father, went to the US
1 What are the advantages/
to study at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia. In April 2001, Lang Lang made
disadvantages for the UN of his Carnegie Hall debut, 6 great reviews by the American critics.
having stars involved in their At the Great Hall of the People in Beijing he gave a concert 7 by
campaigns? an audience of 8,000 people.
2 What other stars do you know An article 8 about him some years ago in Teen People identified
who do charity work? him as one of the ‘Top Twenty Teens who will change the World’. He’s no
3 Which famous people in your longer a teenager, but he is certainly making his mark on the world and
country would be good as UN helping to make it a better place.
Goodwill Ambassadors? Why?

d Read the sentences and cross out the words in

italics that are not needed.
2 Grammar 1 An appeal that was launched by UNICEF is
Reduced relative clauses looking to raise millions for victims of the Haitian
earthquake.
a Look at the examples. Where
could you add the words that is 2 Robbie Williams whose TV advert was used to raise
and who are? money for the appeal was very successful.

There are also celebrities used to

promote one-off projects every 3 Vocabulary
now and then. Fame
But perhaps the agency most
represented by the stars is UNICEF. Circle the correct words. Then work in pairs and
think of answers to the questions.
b Circle the correct words to Think of someone in your country who:
complete the rule.
1 is famous for / famous by entertaining children.
2 made a name / did a name for themselves by
RULE: When relative clauses are
marrying someone famous.
passive / active, we can leave out
the relative pronoun and the verb 3 did it big / made it big in international cinema.
be / past participle. 4 is a household name / household person in sport.
5 enjoyed / liked a lot of success a few years ago but
has since disappeared.
6 is a singing excitement / sensation for teenagers.

UNIT 10 75
 4 Listen 5 Vocabulary
a CD3 T03 Listen to Paul and Maria’s opinions Expressing opinions
on famous people and politics. Answer the a Complete the phrases for expressing
questions. opinions. Use the words in the box.

see thought mind opinion

concerned ask

1 To my mind ,…

2 I’d have (that) …

3 As far as I’m ,…

Paul Maria 4 If you me, …

1 Who is in favour of famous people getting

involved in politics? Why? 5 In my ,…
2 Who is against famous people getting
involved in politics? Why? 6 The way I it, …

b CD3 T04 Listen to six more people. Do

they have the same opinion as Paul or Maria, b What do these expressions mean?
Write  (= I agree),  (= I disagree) or
or neither? Tick the boxes.
Ø (= I neither agree nor disagree).
Same as Same as Neither
Paul Maria 1 It’s not a good idea.
Speaker 1 2 I’m all for it.

Speaker 2 3 It doesn’t (really) matter either way.

Speaker 3 4 It can’t be a bad thing.

Speaker 4 5 I’m completely against it.

Speaker 5 6 I couldn’t care less.

Speaker 6 c Work in groups. Give your opinions

about the topics in the box. Try and use
c CD3 T04 Listen again. Who says what?
some of the expressions in Exercise 5b.
Write the number of the speaker next
to each sentence. Then decide who the graffiti background music in shops
underlined pronouns refer to. advertising on websites fast food
a ( 1 ) They don’t really know what they’re mobile phones on public transport
talking about anyway. famous people
b ( ) They’ve formed their opinion already. Vocabulary bank Turn to page 115.

c ( ) They don’t have to agree with the Get it ri ht! Turn to page 120.
famous person, after all.
d ( ) These people should stick to what
they know.
e ( ) It’s getting harder and harder to tell
the difference between them.
f ( ) Most of them look and sound really
old and boring.

d Whose opinion do you agree with most?

76 UNIT 10
6 Grammar 7 Pronunciation
Question tags review Intonation in question
a Read the sentences from the listening text in
tags
Exercise 4b. Circle the correct question tags. CD3 T05 Turn to page 111.
1 It gets lots of people interested, does it / doesn’t it ?
2 It can’t be a bad thing, can it / can’t it ? 8 Speak
3 They’ve formed their opinion already, haven’t
a Work in small groups. Imagine
they / have they ?
you are the people who run an
4 They don’t really know what they’re talking about, organisation that does good
don’t they / do they ? work for less privileged people.
5 They aren’t going to listen to politicians, are they /
1 Choose which organisation it is.
aren’t they ?
If it is one you make up, give it
6 It’s getting harder and harder to tell the difference a name.
between them, is it / isn’t it ?
2 Decide which good cause you
7 They should leave politics to professional people, work for. Choose from:
shouldn’t they / should they ? O helping poor children
8 We wouldn’t expect to see the prime minister getting O solving water problems in
involved in music, wouldn’t we / would we ?
developing countries
b Complete the rule. Write positive and negative. O getting better medicine to
poor countries
RULE: We often use question tags at the end of O stopping landmines being
statements, to check facts or to make conversation. used in wars
If the statement is positive we use a tag, O another good cause.
and if the statement is negative we use a 3 Together, decide which two
tag.
celebrities you want to invite to
If the statement does not have an auxiliary or modal help you in your work. Think of
verb, we use do/does (present) or did (past). reasons why these two people
would be good choices and
what they could do to help you
c Complete the tags for these statements. to achieve your aims.
1 There was a programme on TV about celebrity
politicians, wasn’t there? b As a group, tell the rest of your
2 You didn’t have the time to sit down and watch it,
class what you have decided in
you?
Exercise 8a. The others in the
class can ask you questions.
3 It wasn’t as boring as the one we saw last week,
it?
4 The presenter said some really interesting things
about the topic, she?
5 We would’ve watched it if we’d known it was on,
we?
6 We should’ve recorded it to use for our school
project, we?
7 I’m sure the teacher will ask us to watch the one
next week, he?
8 The way I see it, we don’t have to listen to
celebrities when they talk about politics,
we?

UNIT 10 77
 9 Read and listen
a CD3 T06 Why is Lily so excited in the first
photo? Why is she unhappy in the second?
Read, listen and check your ideas.

Jack: This place is really packed today. I don’t think

I can face going into any more shops.
Lily: Yeah. But we’re here now, so we might as well do
what we came here for. I’ve got to find a present
for my mum, remember?
Jack: Yeah, OK.
Lily: Jack – look! Over there, looking in that window.
Isn’t she that model – you know, the really famous one?
Jack: Lily, there’s no way I’m going to recognise a model, it doesn’t matter how famous she is. But I tell you
what – I bet it isn’t her. What’s a famous model going to be doing in a shopping mall in our town?
Lily: I think it is her, you know! And she’s going into that shop. Come on – let’s go in too.
Jack: No way. Even if it is her – leave her alone, she just wants to do some shopping. And anyway, what are
you going to do – ask her for her autograph or something?
Lily: I don’t know. Maybe I’ll just go up and say hello. What do you reckon?
Jack: Right, that’s just what she needs. Then maybe you can become friends. Perhaps she’ll ask you to help
her choose a dress or something.
Lily: Leave it out, Jack. It isn’t every day I see someone famous.
Jack: I didn’t think you were into this celebrity culture stuff, Lily. I’m a bit disappointed.
Lily: Well, I couldn’t care less what you think, Jack. And you know what? I bet if it wasn’t a model – if it was
a sportsman or an actor, you know, someone you recognised – you’d already be in there.
Jack: No, I wouldn’t! Well, if it was someone like Rafael Nadal, maybe …
Lily: I thought as much. Typical!
Jack: OK, OK – let’s go into the shop, then. Come on.

2 LLily: See? If I hadn’t stood around arguing with you, she’d still
have been inside when we got there.
Jack: Well she can’t have gone far. Let’s look in some other
Ja
shops.
LLily: No, I can’t be bothered. And maybe you’re right anyway –
maybe famous people don’t want to be recognised.
Jack: Oh, I’m sure they want to be recognised! Just, perhaps, not
Ja
followed into shops.
LLily: Come on, let’s go.
Jack: What about your mum’s present?
Ja
LLily: I’ll get her something at the weekend. And from now on,
Jack – I’m going shopping on my own, OK?

78 UNIT 10
b Read the text again. Answer the questions. Improvisation
1 What have Jack and Lily gone to the shopping mall for? Work with a partner. Take two
2 Why does Jack think that the woman is not the minutes to prepare a short role play.
famous model? Try to use some of the expressions
3 Why is Jack ‘a bit disappointed’ with Lily? from Exercise 10a. Do not write the
4 How does Lily feel about Jack being ‘disappointed’
text, just agree on your ideas for a
with her?
short scene. Then act it out.
Roles: Nick and Amy
Situation: In town
Discussion box
Basic idea: Nick and Amy are in town
1 Have you ever seen a ‘famous’ person? Tell the
when it starts raining. They haven’t
others who it was / what you did.
got an umbrella. They try to decide
2 If you were famous, would you want people to what to do, where to go …
recognise you? Why / Why not?

2 Makin Waves DVD Episode 3

0 Everyday En lish
a Find expressions 1–6 in the story. Who says them?
Match them with meanings a–f.
1 (we) might as well … a What do you think?
2 What do you reckon? b Stop saying / doing that
3 I bet … c there are no reasons
4 Leave it out not to (do something)
5 (I) couldn’t care less d I’m sure
6 I thought as much e It is of no importance
at all to me.
f I’m not surprised (by
what you said / by
what happened, etc.) a Amy, Nick, Lily and Jack are
greeting a former Fairbank pupil.
b Complete the dialogue. Use the expressions in Who might he be, and why is he
Exercise 10a. back at Fairbank?
1 A: Oh, I’m so tired and I’ve got so much work. It’s awful. b Here are four things that people
B: Oh, , Joanne! You’re always complaining. say in this episode. Who or what
2 A: What a horrible day! It’s cold and raining. do you think the underlined parts
B: Yes, it’s awful. We stay at home and refer to?
revise for the exams. 1 Jack: Fairbank isn’t exactly full of
3 A: We could go out tonight. ? them, is it?
B: Good idea. I’ll meet you in town at 8 o’clock. 2 Amy: He seemed so full of
4 A: James has asked Sally to go out with him. himself.
B: . He’s been looking at her and smiling 3 Amy: I’m dreading it, to be honest.
at her for weeks! 4 Jason: I owe this place a lot, you
5 A: I think that guy’s French. know.
B: he isn’t. He hasn’t got a French accent As you watch the episode, check
at all. your ideas.
6 A: I think Mike’s a bit angry with you.
c Watch Episode 3. How does Amy
B: Well, . I don’t even like him, so why
sum up Jason’s visit at the end?
should I worry?
Do you agree with her?

UNIT 10 79
 3 Write
a Read the composition. What arguments
does the writer give for/against politicians
becoming media stars?

Should politicians
For your portfolio

become media stars? 5

On the other , there are lots of
arguments against politicians becoming media
1
In the nobody would have known stars. Although entertainment is certainly part of
what the British prime minister had for breakfast, our daily lives, politics should not be about fun.
or what the name of the American president’s Politicians need to be serious and professional, and
dog was. Many politicians 2these , they should focus on their important work, and not
however, are trying to become media stars, and we be distracted by seeking fame and celebrity status.
6
learn details of their private lives from chat shows In the way, one might argue that
and glossy magazines. Is this a development we people switch on the TV because they want to get
should be happy with? away from politics and the problems of their daily
3 lives, and they don’t want to see politicians spoiling
Of , there are people who think it
their favourite TV shows. And 7last
is perfectly acceptable that politicians are media
not least, it can be harmful for the development
stars. They might argue that society has changed,
of a political system if politics becomes mixed up
and entertainment is part of our daily lives. If
with entertainment. Politics should be about truth
politicians want to be accepted by a large number
and reality, not entertainment, and so there should
of people, they need to adapt to our lifestyles
be strict rules to keep them apart.
and appear on chat shows, and not just on news
8
programmes. They could also argue that the All considered, I personally am not
better we get to know our politicians as humans, really against politicians becoming media stars
and not just as representatives of a political party, because I am not affected by their celebrity
the easier it is to decide who to vote for. personas. In order to decide who to vote for, I try
4
In , politics is about gaining power, to be well informed by reading newspapers and
and, in a democracy, a politician’s ambition must through discussions with friends who are also
be to gain as much power as possible so that they seriously interested in politics. I will definitely
can have a greater influence on how society is run. never be influenced in my decisions by superficial
If a good politician gets more public support by TV programmes!
turning up on chat shows, so be it!

b Read the composition again. Complete it e Write your own composition about the topic,
with the words in the box. Should pop stars become political? Follow
these steps:
days same addition things past O Think of one or two examples of pop stars
hand course but
who have become political.
O List three arguments in favour of pop stars
c Replace expressions 1–8 in the text with becoming political, and three arguments
the expressions below. against. Make notes.
a Then again b At the end of the day O Decide what your own opinion is.
c Years ago d obviously e nowadays O Organise your notes into paragraphs:
f Moreover g Equally h finally 1) introduction; 2) arguments for;
3) arguments against; 4) your opinion
d Work in pairs. Discuss the writer’s opinions. and conclusion.
Which do you agree/disagree with? Why?
O Write a first draft. Try to include some of the
What is your view about the writer’s
linking expressions from Exercise 13c.
conclusion?
O Take a short break, then check your writing.

80 UNIT 10
 Grammar b Complete each sentence, using a word
from the box. (There is one word you
a Cross out the words in italics if possible. won’t use.)
1 The gymnast who is awarded the most points
wins the gold medal. sensation for enjoyed name
big household
2 The programme that is most watched is Top
of the Pops. 1 He’s more famous for his lifestyle
3 The letter that arrived this morning had bad than his talent.
news. 2 She’s made a for herself as a
4 The show, which was broadcast live, was tough interviewer of world leaders.
watched by 500 million people. 3 Although he’s not American, he’s made it
5 The man, who was last seen at the train in Hollywood.
station, is wanted by the police. 4 Spandax 4 are not exactly a
6 The man who attacked me had a black jacket. name in popular music, are they?
7 The team that played best only came second. 5 They a bit of success in the
6 90s but then they disappeared.
b Complete the sentences with 4
question tags.
1 That was a great film, wasn’t it ?
c Put the words in order to make
2 You can come to my party, expressions to give your opinion.
?
1 as / as / concerned / I’m / far
3 She didn’t phone you, ?
As far as I’m concerned.
4 You would tell me, ?
2 all / I’m / it / for
5 Dave’s not very happy about it,
?
3 less / I / care / couldn’t
6 You won’t tell anyone, ?
5
2 Vocabulary 4 doesn’t / it / matter / really

a Complete each sentence, using a word 5 it / a / thing / be/ bad / can’t

from the box.

word make out gist catch lost pick 6 it / I’m / against / completely

1 He spoke so quietly that I couldn’t make out

7 a / idea / good / it’s / not
what he was saying.
2 I’m sorry, but I didn’t understand a
6
of what you just said.
3 My Spanish is very poor, so he me How did you do?
completely after two sentences. Check your score.
4 Could you repeat that, please? I didn’t quite
Total score
it.
26 Very Not very
5 I got the of the lecture. good OK good
6 Don’t try to understand everything – just Grammar 9 – 11 6–8 less than 6
see if you can out the important
Vocabulary 13 – 15 8 – 12 less than 8
words.
5

UNIT 10 81
 Music is everywhere
Indirect questions
Verbs + wh- clauses
Vocabulary: qualifying comparisons
Vocabulary: listening to music

Read and listen

a Look at the photos. Which of these two artists
would you probably enjoy listening to more? Why?
b Read the article quickly. How did these two artists
become involved in a ‘battle’ and who won?

The whole idea was dreamed up by Jon Morter, a part-time rock DJ from
Essex, who started a Facebook campaign with the idea of beating the X
Factor winner to the number-one spot. He had tried a similar idea the year
before when he attempted to get Rick Astley’s ‘Never Gonna Give You Up’ to
the top of the New Year charts. He managed to get it to number 73. But this
For the previous four years it had been the same: singer wins year Morter was far more successful when he was helped by the comedian
The X Factor, singer’s debut single goes to number one. So Peter Serafinowicz, who persuaded his 268,000-plus Twitter followers to join
when Joe McElderry won the TV talent contest this year, he in. When ex-Beatle Sir Paul McCartney and former X Factor winner Steve
must have been sure he would be number one for the New Brookstein decided to join the campaign, it seemed that Joe McElderry had
Year. Unfortunately for Joe, it didn’t happen that way. He was no chance.
beaten to the top spot by a song that is almost as old as he is. When Morter first found out that his campaign had worked, he wondered
‘Killing in the Name of’ is a heavy rock song by Rage Against whether he was dreaming. Then he told The Guardian newspaper: ‘I think it
the Machine. It is nowhere near as catchy as a typical X Factor just shows that in this day and age, if you want to say something, then you
tune. Back in 1992 it reached number 25 in the British charts. can – with the help of the internet and social networking sites like Facebook
Seventeen years later the Californian band were surprised and Twitter. If enough people are with you, you can beat the status quo.’
to find themselves at the top of the charts as their song was McElderry seemed just as happy with a number two song and offered his
downloaded 50,000 more times than ‘The Climb’ by Joe congratulations: ‘Fair play to the guys who have organised the Facebook
McElderry. Most British people didn’t even know who the band campaign – it’s been exciting to be part of a much-hyped battle and they
were. definitely deserve congratulations. This time last year I never thought for
But what makes this story even more unusual is that the one minute I’d win The X Factor, never mind having a single out. I’m just
winning song was the result of an incredible online campaign delighted to be in the charts.’
to stop the talent show’s production line of manufactured And as for the lucky winners in all this: Rage Against the Machine have
pop stars, who many people felt were destroying the British promised to give all profits of the single to charity and will perform a free
music scene. victory gig in the UK to thank those who bought their single.

c CD3 T07 Read the text again and listen. Answer the questions.
1 Why did Joe McElderry think he would be number one for
the New Year?
Discussion box
2 Why were Rage Against the Machine surprised to find they
had a Christmas number one? 1 Are you a fan of TV talent
shows? Why / Why not?
3 How did ‘Killing in the Name of’ get to the top of the charts?
2 What other internet campaigns
4 Why did so many people buy the song?
have you heard of?
5 Why was Joe Morter’s campaign more successful this year?
3 Do you think these campaigns
6 How did he react when he found out what had happened?
are a good thing or not?
7 How did Joe McElderry react to his defeat? Why / Why not?
8 How did Rage Against the Machine react to their victory?

82 UNIT 11
2 Grammar b Look at the phrases in Exercise 3a.
Which can be replaced with the words?
Indirect questions
much / a lot
a Read the sentences. Then complete the direct
not nearly
questions below.
He wondered whether he was dreaming.
dreaming c Make sentences about each situation,
Most British people didn’t even know who the using the comparative of the words in
band were.
were brackets and the phrases in Exercise 3a.
1 dreaming? Use a different phrase each time.
2 the band? 1 I love shopping centres. I would like
them more if they didn’t play music.
b Complete the rule. Write never, invert, don’t (good)
invert and sometimes. Shopping centres would be even
better if they didn’t play music.
RULE: When we use wh- question words in
direct questions we usually the subject 2 I don’t think classical music is interesting
and the verb, and we use do/does/did. at all. I think rock music is very
We can also use wh- question words in interesting. (interesting)
statements (indirect questions). In indirect Rock music is
questions we the word order and we
use do/does/did.
3 Sara plays the piano really well. She also
plays the guitar – not quite so well, but
still she’s pretty good! (well)
c Join the two sentences to make one.
Sara plays
1 Where did everyone go? I wonder.
I wonder where everyone went.
4 The Rock in London concert costs
2 How much does it cost? I don’t know.
100 euros! The Charity Rock concert is
3 Where do people buy CDs? It’s easy to find out. 100 euros too! (expensive)
4 When do people need to listen to music to The Charity Rock concert is
relax? We don’t always know.
5 How easy is it to beat the status quo? I wonder.
5 It’s difficult to get tickets for Saturday’s
6 How did Joe McElderry feel? I’d like to know. gig but there are hundreds left for the
one on Sunday. (difficult)
3 Vocabulary It’s
Qualifying comparisons
a Complete the sentences with the words in the Get it ri ht! Turn to page 121.
box. Then check in the text on page 82.

far nowhere near almost just even 4 Speak

Complete the sentences for yourself:
1 McElderry seemed just as happy with they should all be about music. Then
a number-two song. compare your sentences with a partner.
2 He was beaten to the top spot by a song that is
1 ... is even more relaxing for me than …
as old as he is.
2 I think … is a far more talented
3 It is as catchy as the typical X
musician/singer than …
Factor tune.
3 … is nowhere near as enjoyable for me
4 But what makes this story more
as …
unusual is...
4 … is even worse than …
5 But this year Morter was more
successful.

UNIT 11 83
 5 Listen 6 Vocabulary
a Look at the photographs. Do you recognise the Listening to music
instruments? Which of them have you heard? a Read the sentences about music.
1 2 Match the underlined words with
the definitions.
1 ‘I prefer songs to
instrumental music.’ d
2 ‘I love being in the car and
singing along to the songs on
the radio.’
3 4
3 ‘I’m a hopeless singer, so I
usually just whistle or hum to
the music!’
4 ‘I don’t really enjoy recorded
music on the radio or on
CDs. I prefer live music.’
5 6 5 ‘I’m not really interested
in the lyrics – it’s the tune
that’s important for me.’
6 ‘Dance music’s my favourite
– it’s got a great beat.’
7 ‘Sometimes I hear a song and
then I can’t get it out of my
b Match the instruments with the countries. Try head!’
to guess! 8 ‘I really hate the muzak you
1 ukulele a China hear in supermarkets and
shopping malls.’
2 dizi b Australia
3 bodhran c Zimbabwe a the words of a song
4 wobble board d Hawaii b stop hearing it in my mind
5 hosho e The Philippines c make a musical noise with your
6 babendil f Ireland lips closed
c CD3 T08 Listen to a music expert talking d music composed for instruments,
about the instruments. Check your answers to not voices
Exercise 5b. e music played in front of an
audience
d CD3 T08 Listen again and write the name of f music played in a studio and put
the instrument next to the sentence. on a CD
1 It’s made of bamboo. g melody
2 It was used by soldiers going into battle. h sing as you listen
i music played in shops or
3 It’s famous in the UK because of Rolf Harris. restaurants to increase sales
j musical pulse or rhythm
4 It sounds a bit like a banjo.
5 It’s made from a dried fruit. b Which of the sentences in
Exercise 6a (if any) are true for
6 You play it standing up.
you? Change them to make them
e Which instrument do you like most/least? true for you.
I prefer instrumental music to songs.

84 UNIT 11
c Work with a partner. Compare d Read the interview. Rewrite the questions in
your ideas. brackets, starting with the words given.
A: (What’s your favourite music?)
Vocabulary bank Turn to 1
Can you tell me what your favourite music is?
page 116.
B: Yes, it’s hip-hop music.
A: (When did hip-hop music start? ) Do you
7 Pronunciation know 2
record (noun) B: Oh, back in the 1980s, I think!
and record (verb) A: I see. (How many CDs have you got?) Do you
CD3 T09 Turn to page 111. know exactly 3
B: Oh, hundreds – I’ve lost count of them!
8 Grammar A: (Where do you keep them?) Could you tell us
4
verbs + wh- clauses
B: Yeah, on the shelves in my room.
a Here are three questions A: (How much money have you spent on them?) Have you
that the interviewer asked got any idea 5
in Exercise 5c. Circle the
B: Oh, I’ve lost count of that too. I don’t want to think
correct options.
about it!
1 Can I ask you where you
A: (Which was the first record you bought?) Can you
went? / did you go?
remember 6
2 Can you tell us where it’s
B: No, sorry, I can’t remember.
from? / is it from?
A: (Which band do you like the most?)
3 Do you know what it is made
of? / is it made of? Can you tell me 7
B: I guess it’s Public Enemy.
b Underline the wh- question A: (How often do you listen to their stuff?) Can you tell me
words in the questions in 8
Exercise 8a.
B: Oh, not very often – but occasionally I put it on when
c Complete the rule. Write I’m working on my computer! It’s still brilliant!
statement or question in the
space. e Work with a partner. Ask and answer the indirect
questions from Exercise 8d.
RULE: When we want to
be polite we often use the 9 Speak
following phrases to ask
people for information: Work in pairs or small groups. Look at the different
O Can you tell me ...?
kinds of music and discuss the questions.
O Can I ask you ...?
O Could you tell me ...? classical rock hip-hop dance
O Do you know ...? country folk pop disco
This is sometimes followed 1 Which of these kinds of music do you like/dislike?
by a wh- question word, in
which case the word order is I don’t mind …. but I prefer…..
the same as in a … . 2 Have you always liked them or has your opinion about
them changed?
3 Which is your favourite song / piece of music / singer /
band?

UNIT 11 85
 0 Read
a Look at the cover of the
book and read the short
summary of the story.
Would you be interested
in reading the book?
Why / Why not?

b Read the text quickly and

choose the best answer to
the question.
Why does the man return the
record he bought?
1 He didn’t like it. High Fidelity by Nick Hornby
2 He thought it was a Rob Fleming is a man in his 30s who owns a specialised record store in
different record. an unfashionable part of north London. He has two part-time assistants,
Barry and Dick, to help him. The shop isn’t doing well, and neither is Rob
3 Both reasons 1 and 2. – his long-time girlfriend has just left him and he feels that everything is
going wrong in his life. Will his business, and/or his life, improve?

Ever since I’ve had the shop, we’ve been our breath; it’s like someone has walked in, tipped petrol over
trying to flog a record by a group called The himself and produced a box of matches from his pocket. We
Sid James Experience. Usually we get rid don’t exhale until he’s struck the match and set himself alight,
of stuff we can’t shift – reduce it to 10p, or and when he’s gone we laugh and laugh and laugh. It gives us
throw it away – but Barry loves this album all strength: if someone can just walk in and buy The Sid James
(he’s got two copies of his own, just in case Experience album, then surely anything good can happen at
someone borrows one and fails to return it), any time.
and he says it’s rare, and that someday we’ll […]
make somebody very happy. It’s become a bit The next morning the guy who bought The Sid James
of a joke, really. Regular customers ask after Experience album comes in to exchange it. He says it’s not what
its health, and give it a friendly pat when they’re browsing, and he thought it was.
sometimes they bring the sleeve up to the counter as if they’re ‘What did you think it was?’ I ask him.
going to buy it, and then say ‘Just kidding!’ and put it back ‘I don’t know,’ he says. ‘Something else.’ He shrugs, and looks
where they found it. at the three of us in turn. We are all staring at him, crushed,
Anyway, on Friday morning this guy I’ve never seen before aghast; he looks embarrassed.
starts flicking through the ‘British pop S-Z’ section, lets out ‘Have you listened to all of it?’ Barry asks.
a gasp of amazement and rushes up to the counter, clutching ‘I took it off halfway through the second side. Didn’t like it.’
the sleeve to his chest as if he’s afraid someone will snatch it ‘Go home and try it again,’ Barry says desperately. ‘It’ll grow on
from him. And then he gets out his wallet and pays for it, seven you. It’s a grower.’
quid, just like that, no attempt to haggle, no recognition of The guy shakes his head helplessly. He’s made up his mind. He
the significance of what he is doing. I let Barry serve him – chooses a second-hand Madness CD, and I put The Sid James
it’s his moment – and Dick and I watch every move, holding Experience back in the rack.

c CD3 T10 Read the text again and listen. Answer the questions.
1 What do they usually do in the shop with things they can’t sell?
2 Why has Barry got two copies of The Sid James Experience album?
3 How does the man react when he finds The Sid James Experience album in the shop?
4 Why do the three men in the shop laugh when the man buys the record?
5 How do the three men in the shop feel when the man brings the record back?

86 UNIT 11
d Match the underlined words in the text C There was an old lady from Crewe,
with the definitions. Who dreamed she was eating her shoe.
1 walking round the shop, looking at things She woke in the night
And got quite a fright –
2 sell
She found it was perfectly true.
3 using your fingers to go quickly through
pages / lists / collections b Which one do you like best? Why? Discuss
4 discuss the final price of something your choice with a partner.
(in a shop or market)
c Choose one or two of these writing types and
5 move, get rid of try writing your own. Here are some tips to
6 slowly become something that you like, help you.
though you didn’t like it at first Mini-saga
7 holding tightly O Think of a story (one you already know, or invent
8 suddenly full of feelings of shock or worry one). It shouldn’t be very complicated, but it
should have a beginning, a middle and an end.
Discussion box O Write a first draft – remember, in the end you
1 Do you buy music in shops, or only want exactly 50 words!
on the internet? Which kind of music O Count the number of words in your first draft.
shopping do you prefer? If you have too many words, cut out adjectives;
2 Have you ever bought an album / CD / replace nouns with pronouns; use participle
DVD that you didn’t like when you got clauses instead of full verb forms (Walking down
home? What did you do? Tell the others the street, he saw …’ is shorter than ‘He walked
in your group. down the street and then he saw …’) If you have
too few words, add some adjectives; add words
like then, next, suddenly, a few minutes later.

Write Limerick
O The lines must rhyme in this sequence: AABBA.
a Read the descriptions of three different O Lines 1, 2 and 5 have seven to ten syllables and
types of writing and match them with
rhyme with one another, lines 3 and 4 have five to
examples A–C.
seven syllables and also rhyme with each other.
1 Mini-saga O Remember there is a strong rhythm, like this:
A mini-saga is a story of exactly fifty words.
da DUM da da DUM da da DUM
Like all good stories it must have a beginning,
a middle and an end. da DUM da da DUM da da DUM
da DUM da da DUM
2 Limerick
da DUM da da DUM
A limerick is a humorous five-line poem with
a special rhythm and rhyming scheme. da DUM da da DUM da da DUM
For your portfolio

3 Haiku
O Limericks usually begin with There was a …
from … , but they don’t have to!
Haiku is a traditional type of Japanese poetry.
The poems are about everyday things and are O They should have a joke in the last line.
usually three short lines which don’t rhyme. Haiku
A Curving up, then down. O Choose a topic, for example rain, traffic, old
Meeting blue sky and green earth people, mountains.
Mixing sun and rain. O Write three short lines. The first line usually
contains five syllables, the second line seven
B She was crying as she took the skin off. This syllables, and the third line five syllables. Very
had happened many times before. It was often, a haiku does not have any complete verb
agony every time she did it. She dried her forms. Look at example A – only -ing forms are
eyes and put down the knife. This must be used.
the last time – but on the other hand, her
husband loved onions in his soup. d Swap texts with your classmates. Have fun!

UNIT 11 87
 2 Nature’s best
Participle clauses B
Didn’t need to / needn’t have
Vocabulary: geographical features A

Vocabulary: travel verbs

Read and listen

a Match the names with the
photos. What can you say
about these places?
C
Muir Woods Ayers Rock
the Meeting of the Waters

b Read the texts quickly. Where

do you think they come from?
Write 1–3 in the boxes. Ayers Rock, or Uluru to call it by its
original aboriginal name, in central
1 a travel guide Australia, is nine km in circumference
2 a travel blog and rises an imposing 348 metres above
a wide, sandy plain. The enormous size of
3 a work of fiction
the rock is astounding when you realise
that about two-thirds of it is below the
He sat on the deck of the small river boat as it crawled along the ground – that means there’s double what
1
brown waters of the Amazon. The heat and the we see above the ground underneath it.
mosquitoes had become almost too much for them to bear. He’d Depending on the position of the sun
have liked to have dived into the cool waters but he knew it was far during the day, Uluru changes colour
too dangerous. Waving his hand in front of his face, Alan did what between shades of fiery red, delicate
he could to keep the mosquitoes away, with 2 effect. Here mauve, blue, pink and brown, and rainfall
the waters were so wide that they could barely see the river banks. creates a silver veil over the entire rock.
At times it felt as if they were at sea rather than on a river. Up ahead, Watching the sunset, you feel in awe of
Alan could see a wide bend in the river, and as the boat approached the beauty of nature.
it, the crew members began to wave and to call him. Wearily, he
stood up and walked to the prow, where three of the men were There is a tricky, 1.6 kilometre climb to
pointing 3 . Then, as they rounded the bend, he saw it. As the top of Uluru. However, the route
if 4 by a magical hand, there was a line in the water – on goes over a sacred religious track of the
one side, the brown water he had grown so used to, and on the other, Anangu people. They prefer visitors to
water that was as black as night. It was the Meeting of the Waters! respect their site by choosing the trails
around and near Uluru, and not by
climbing it.
Day 12 of our American adventure. Still in California, but not
in San Francisco any more. Having seen most of the sights of
San Francisco, and having spent five days in a city, we thought c Read the texts again and:
we’d maybe like to ‘get back to nature’ a bit, you know? It’s a 1 underline three facts about Muir Woods.
great city but we felt like we needed to relax a bit. So my dad
hired a car and we headed north to come here and see Muir 2 underline three facts about Ayers Rock.
Woods (we drove over the Golden Gate to get here – how 3 fill in the gaps in the text about the
cool is that?!). Now, to be honest, I wasn’t sure if I’d really Meeting of the Waters with these words:
be interested in seeing a whole load of trees, but I have to say
the redwood trees here are pretty impressive. They’re not the little muddy painted ahead
tallest trees in the world – that’s the Sequoia trees, further
south in California – but they’re still pretty amazing. Mostly
they’re over 70 metres tall, though one of them apparently is d CD3 T11 Listen to the text about the
79 metres. And they’re old, old, old! Mostly between 500 and Meeting of the Waters and check your
800 years old, but some are over 1,000 years old. answers to Exercise 1c, number 3.

88 UNIT 12
2 Grammar
Participle clauses The ssubject
T
The ubjeect of the participle
partti clause and the main
ccla
clau
cl ause mu
ause
clause musst b
must bee the
he sam
me
same.
a Look at the examples. For each sentence, Walking down the street, the sun was shining. 
say who or what is the subject of the
This would mean, the sun was walking down the street!
verbs.
Walking down the street, the boy kicked a stone. 
Watching the sunset, you feel in awe of the
This means, the boy was walking down the street
beauty of nature. and the boy kicked the stone.
Having spent five days in a city, we thought we’d These clauses are more common in writing than in
maybe like to ‘get back to nature’. speaking.

b Match sentences 1 and 2 with the

meanings a and b. Then complete the
rule. Write present or past.
3 Vocabulary
Geographical features
1 Reading the letter, I was very nervous.
2 Having read the letter, I was very nervous. a Match the words with the pictures. Write
1–10 in the boxes.
a I felt nervous after I finished reading the
letter. 1 a coral reef 6 a mountain range

b I felt nervous at the same time that I was 2 a bay 7 a cliff

reading the letter. 3 a lake 8 a plain
4 a canyon 9 a glacier
RULE: We use a participle 5 a waterfall 10 a desert
(the -ing form of the verb) when the A B
action happens or happened at the same
time as the main action.
We use the present participle of have
+ participle when the action 2
happened before the main action.
C D

c Join the two sentences to make one. Use

participle clauses.
1 I was swimming past a rock. I saw a shark E F
in the distance.
Swimming past a rock, I saw a shark in
the distance.
2 She waved her hands. She tried to keep
the flies away from her face. G H
3 You walk between the trees. You can see
the sun coming through the branches.
4 The visitors watched the sunset on the
rock. Then they walked back to their
hotel. I J
5 The Amazon River travels 1000 km. Then
it meets the Rio Negro.
6 The trees stand in the forest. They seem
to be indestructible.
7 The man listened to the sounds of b CD3 T12 Listen and check your answers.
nature. He felt very alone.
c Work in pairs. You have three minutes to think
of as many famous examples of these features
as you can.

UNIT 12 89
 4 Speak b Complete the rule. Write did / didn’t do.

There are many different lists of the Seven RULE: When we use didn’t need to (do
Wonders of the World. Work in pairs. Make something), it often means that someone
your own lists of the: something because it was not
1 Seven natural Wonders of the World. necessary.
2 Seven man-made Wonders of the World. When we use needn’t have (done
something), it means that someone
something but in fact it was
5 Listen not necessary.

a Look at the picture. Describe as closely as

you can what the picture shows. Say what has c Complete the sentences with the
happened. phrases in the box.

didn’t need to buy needn’t have bought

didn’t need to phone
needn’t have phoned
didn’t need to take needn’t have taken

1 The doctor said my cold wasn’t serious,

so I didn’t need to take any medicine.
2 I took my umbrella on the walk, but the
sun shone the whole time, so I
b CD3 T13 Listen to the first part of Michael’s it.
story. Mark the statements T (true) or F (false). 3 I bought a new coat, but I it
1 Peru was the only country Michael because my old one was really OK.
visited on holiday. 4 I managed to do all the homework by
2 They reached Machu Picchu by walking myself so I any of my friends
the Inca Trail. to help me.
3 The train to Machu Picchu left early 5 I called Chloe to tell her about the party,
in the morning. but I her because she already
4 There were lots of people on the train. knew.
5 Michael and his dad took suitcases on the trip. 6 I was going to buy a new camera but I
6 It was raining during the train journey. one in the end, because my
parents gave me one for my birthday.
7 All the wheels of the train came off the rails.
d Complete the sentences with the verb
c CD3 T14 Listen to the second part of the
in brackets. Use needn’t have where
story and take notes so that you can retell
possible. Otherwise, use didn’t need to.
it later. Then work with a partner. Retell the
story – take turns to say a sentence. 1 I was nervous about the exam, but I
needn’t have worried (worry) – it was
easy!
6 Grammar 2 I (get up) early yesterday, so
didn’t need to / needn’t have I stayed in bed until 11 o’clock.
a Look at the examples from the story and 3 I took my coat with me, but I
answer the questions. (take) it because it wasn’t cold.
We didn’t need to take suitcases, because we were 4 Thanks for the flowers, but you
going back the same day. (bring) them.
We needn’t have worried, because we got there OK. 5 The door was unlocked, so I
1 Did they take suitcases with them? (use) my key.
Why / Why not? 6 I asked him a question in an email, and
2 Did they worry? Was it necessary? I (wait) very long – he replied
in thirty seconds.

90 UNIT 12 2
 c Complete the sentences with the
correct verb in the correct form.
1 She got in her car and
7 Vocabulary off.
Travel verbs 2 Yesterday we for a really
long walk. We off at eight
a Complete the sentences from the listening and back home at four.
text in Exercise 5 with a preposition. 3 Last week we on a trip to
1 I hear you had quite an exciting adventure New York. The plane off at
while you were holiday. six in the evening and we got there at
2 The train set early. four the next morning.
3 Dad and I got the train and looked 4 He on his motorbike and
at the wheels. off.
5 A: Where are you on
b Complete the table of travel verbs with the holiday this year?
words in the box. B: Well, we might on a
cruise to Norway.
cruise home car flight taxi bicycle
6 When we to Rome, there
was a guided tour of the city but we
go for a walk decided not to on it.
a ride (on a bicycle / a motorbike / 7 A: Have you got any plans for the
a horse) weekend?
a drive (in a car) B: Yes, we’re for a couple
go on a trip of days.
a journey 8 I love the ending of western films,
holiday when the hero on his horse
a 1 cruise and into the sunset!
a tour
Vocabulary bank Turn to page 116.
go away for the weekend / a couple of days /
a few days… Get it ri ht! Turn to page 121.
get there
to [London]
get back 2
/ to [the hotel]
8 Pronunciation
get in / a car
/i/ sit and /i/ seat
out of a3 CD3 T15 and T16 Turn to page 111.
get on / a plane
off a bus
a boat
9 Speak
a4 a Work in pairs. Think of an interesting
a motorbike trip you have gone on.
a horse
leave for [Manchester] = start a trip/journey Take it in turns to ask questions about
to a place your partner’s trip. You have three
minutes each. Make notes.
set off = start a trip / a journey
take off = start a 5 b Tell the story of your partner’s trip.
Your partner can interrupt to make
drive off = start a journey by 6
any corrections or to give more
ride off = start a journey on a bicycle / information. Then change roles.
a motorbike / a horse

UNIT 12 91
 0 Speak and listen
a You are going to listen to a
song called Over the Rainbow.
Read through the lyrics
quickly and choose which
sentence best describes how
the singer is feeling.
1 The singer is quite happy with
his life but would like to be
a bit more adventurous.
2 The singer believes there is
a better place for him but is
not sure how to get there.
3 The singer is depressed and
sees no hope for his life.

b CD3 T17 The underlined

words are wrong. Listen and
correct the mistakes.
c
Over the R ainbow
Complete the sentences with
phrases from the song. They
all refer to position.
1 They live in beautiful house by the cast of Glee
the sea.
2 Can you see that kite Somewhere over the rainbow
way up high
in the sky. there’s a place
3 Don’t worry. They’ll never that I thought of
catch us now. They’re too
once in a lullaby
.
Somewhere over the rainbow
d Write a short description of
your idea of paradise. seas are blue
and the things
that you dare to dream
Discussion box really do come true
1 Think of possible reasons
why the singer feels the Someday I’ll wish upon the moon
way he does in the song. and wake up
2 Do you have a place you where the rain is far behind me
can visit in your mind Where problems melt like lemon drops
when you’re not feeling
high above the chimney tops
so happy? Describe it.
that’s where you’ll see me

Somewhere over the rainbow

red birds fly
butterflies fly over the rainbow
why then, oh why
can’t I?

92 UNIT 12
 Did you know...?
Glee is a US musical comedy television series which quickly became a hit
all over the world. The show tells the story of an enthusiastic Spanish
teacher in an American high school who decides to take on the school’s
singing group and transform it into a success. He encourages a group of
misfit students to join the group and discover their musical talents. Each
episode follows a theme and the Glee members sing songs related to
the topic. Over the Rainbow, which was originally made famous by July
Garland in the film The Wizard of Oz, was chosen as the show’s finale
for the first series of the show.

More speakin
a Look at the photos. Make a list of adjectives to describe each one.
Compare with a partner.
A B

C D

E F

b Which picture do you think these people might be talking about?

Give reasons for your answers.
1 ‘It would be great for a holiday, maybe a week or two. But I wouldn’t want
to stay any longer. I think I’d just get bored.’
2 ‘It would be the perfect place to write my autobiography!’
3 ‘I’d love to live somewhere like this while I’m young. Imagine the fun you
could have. But I’m not sure I’d want to bring up children there.’
4 ‘It’s just one of those places you have to visit before you die.’
5 ‘I wouldn’t want to go there even on holiday. Just think of all the insects!’

c Work in small groups.

1 Say what you think about each of the places in the photos.
2 Agree on a list of five places you have to see before you die.

UNIT 12 93
 Write My favourite place
a Read through the composition quickly. There are many places that are special for me:
What is the writer’s favourite place? a tiny beach in Cornwall where we used to spend
family vacations during the endless summer
b Read the composition again. holidays; my grandparents’ country cottage with
its garden full of wild flowers and birdsong; a
1 What aspects of the room does the photo in my geography textbook of a mountain
For your portfolio

author focus on? What do these things scene in Switzerland, which I’ve only ever visited
tell us about the author? in my daydreams. All of these places have been
2 The author asks two questions. What is special to me in their own way at various times
the effect of these questions? in my life, but there is one place that has always
been there for me, a place that I visit every day –
c To make your descriptive writing more my bedroom.
interesting, make notes about the object On the surface, my bedroom is pretty much like
you want to describe. Then experiment any other bedroom. It’s got a door, a window and,
with different ways of combining of course, a bed. It’s an unusual colour, though:
this information until you reach the bright red, like the red of a big, juicy tomato.
I had a huge argument with my parents about the
sentence you are most happy with.
colour. They wanted me to paint it green because
Read the notes and combine the ideas it would be good for my concentration.
to make sentences. Look back at the I told them red would be good for my imagination.
text and compare your sentences. I won and they even let me paint it myself. That
was fun. Of course, another reason I love my
O tiny beach in Cornwall / family bedroom is because it’s where I keep all my
vacations / summer holidays – things. I generally like to keep them all over the
went on for ever floor and under the bed – something else my
O grandparents’ cottage in the country / parents and I occasionally disagree over.
garden with lots of flowers / birds What else can I tell you about my room? There
singing all the time are posters on the wall, usually of pop stars, that
O posters on wall / mostly pop stars / tend to get changed every few months. There’s
a small desk and a chair beneath a window that
change them every few months
overlooks the street below. Looking out of the
window, I can spend hours watching the world go
d Choose three objects. Use this
by while I pretend I’m working. And that’s really
technique to write a couple of all there is to say about it. So why do I like it so
sentences about each one. much? Well, because it’s mine. It’s a place I can
escape to whenever I want. A place where I can
e Write about your favourite place in be alone with my thoughts or share a joke with
the whole world. Describe it and say friends while we listen to music. It’s the place
why it is special to you. where I do most of my thinking and have most of
my ideas.

94 UNIT 12
 Grammar 4 There was no test, so I didn’t study at
the weekend.
a Rewrite the sentences/questions.
1 What’s his name? I don’t know. 5 We didn’t cook any food because there
I don’t know what his name is. was a restaurant.
2 How many people were there at the party?
Do you know? 4

3 Where’s the post office? Could you tell me? 2 Vocabulary

a Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
4 When does the concert start? Let’s find out. Correct the false statements.
1 Instrumental music is music that
5 Who did the teacher say was responsible? doesn’t have singing. T
I don’t know. 2 When you whistle or hum along to
a song, you sing the words.
4
3 Another way of describing music
b Join the two sentences to make one. with a good rhythm is to say it’s got
a good beat.
1 He smiled to himself and wrote the letter
4 When you can’t get a song out of
at the same time. your head, you can’t stop singing it.
Writing the letter, he smiled to himself.
3
2 He wrote the letter. Then he posted it.
b Match the words in the box with
Having written the letter, he posted it. the sentences.
3 She looked out of the window and thought
about her father at the same time. range glacier lake plain bay
coral reef canyon

4 They climbed the mountain. Then they sat 1 A part of the coastline where the sea is
down to look at the view. surrounded by land on three sides. bay
2 A large area of fresh water surrounded
by land.
5 He swam across the lake. Then he collapsed
on the shore. 3 A very large piece of ice that moves down
a valley.
4 A rock-like ridge made up of tiny skeletons
6 We saw the Aurora Borealis and gasped in of marine animals under the surface of the
amazement at the same time. sea (two words).
4 5 The Andes is a mountain in
South America.
c Write sentences with didn’t need to 6 A large flat area of land.
or needn’t have.
7 A narrow valley with steep sides. 6
1 We took raincoats but they weren’t
necessary. How did you do?
We needn’t have taken raincoats.
Check your score.
2 It wasn’t raining, so we didn’t take our
raincoats. Total score
21 Very Not very
good OK good
3 I studied all weekend but the test on
Monday was cancelled. Grammar 9 – 12 5–8 less than 5
Vocabulary 7–9 4–6 less than 4

UNIT 12 95
 3 Natural health
Passive report structures
Vocabulary: health and medicine
Vocabulary: feelings

Read and listen

a What do you know about animals’
behaviour when they are ill?

b Read the article quickly and find out:

1 which places are mentioned in the text.
2 what similarities scientists noticed
between humans taking medication
and the chimpanzee Hugo eating the
leaves of certain plants.

When animals are ill

According to recent research in biology, chimpanzees in the afternoon. They believe that they do this because the level of
wild are thought to choose certain herbs and use them as medication in their body has decreased overnight. Another
medicines when they are not feeling well. After studying explanation is that these wild animals look for the juice of this
how chimpanzees eat the leaves of specific bushes and trees bitter plant for the same reason that humans drink a cup of coffee
in Tanzania, two scientists, Paul Newton of the University in the morning – to help them wake up and give them energy!
of Oxford and Toshisuda Nashida of the University of
In her book, Wild Health: How Animals Keep Themselves Well
Kyoto, concluded that there are striking similarities between
and What We Can Learn From Them, author Cindy Engel gives
how these animals eat these plants and how humans take
several other examples of how animals treat health problems.
their medicines.
According to her, it’s not only plants they use as medication.
Until recently, only humans were believed to be able to Elephants in western Kenya, for example, are said to go regularly
make intelligent decisions when it comes to curing illnesses. at night-time to a cave on the side of Mount Elgon, an extinct
But that was before the two scientists carried out their volcano. Once they are in the cave, they use their tusks to break
research in the Gombe National Park in Tanzania. They off parts of the soft rocks, crunch them in their mouths, and
noticed that a chimpanzee they called Hugo was behaving then swallow them. For a long time, little was known about the
differently from the other animals. He was picking the reasons for this behaviour, but recently scientists have discovered
leaves from a bush that does not usually make up part of that the rocks contain a high level of sodium, which is needed
the chimpanzees’ diet. The bush is called aspilia, and it has to help neutralise the toxins that elephants are known to take
very sharp leaves, which is precisely why chimpanzees don’t in with their plant diet. The behaviour of these elephants and of
usually eat them. other animals shows that they have developed amazing abilities
to care for their own health – without any doctor having told
What was surprising was the way Hugo ate the plant. He
them what medication to take!
not only picked it very carefully, he also rubbed the leaves
before he put them in his mouth, and then he kept them in
his mouth for a little while before he swallowed them. This
is exactly how humans take medicine! What was even more
surprising for the scientists, though, was that the very same
plant that the chimpanzee selected is known to be used by
Discussion box
local people as a medicine when they feel unwell! 1 What conclusions do you draw from
reading this article?
Newton and Nashida were also surprised to find that
when chimpanzees take this ‘medicine’, they only do so 2 Would you like to be a scientist studying
in the morning, whereas normally they would feed in the animal behaviour? Why / Why not?

96 UNIT 13
c CD3 T18 Read the text again and listen. 2 Grammar
Tick the correct answers.
Passive report structures
1 Newton and Nashida believe that animals
eat plants in a similar way to how humans a Find and underline sentences in the text
take medication, which mean the same as these sentences:
a but the behaviour they noticed 1 Experts think that chimpanzees in the wild
among chimpanzees did not choose certain herbs...
confirm this. 2 Experts know that local people use...
b but they have not been able to 3 Experts say that elephants in western Kenya
draw conclusions about their go regularly...
behaviour yet.
b Compare the sentences in Exercise 2a with
c after carefully studying their behaviour
the sentences in the text. What difference
and drawing their conclusions.
is there in the form of the verbs think, know
2 Aspilia is a plant that chimpanzees and say?
a often eat because of its
delicious leaves. c Rewrite the following sentences, using
passive report structures.
b are only thought to eat for
certain reasons. 1 Experts think animals have very strong
instincts.
c never eat because its leaves
are sharp. Animals are thought to have very strong
instincts.
3 The fact that aspilia is also used by
humans for medical reasons 2 People say animals can do many things that
we have no idea about.
a shows scientists that chimpanzees
are more often ill than humans. Animals lots of things that
we have no idea about.
b is something that scientists did not
initially expect. 3 Experts know some animals eat only certain
plants.
c shows scientists that humans and
animals have similar knowledge Some animals only certain
about illnesses. plants.
4 Experts believe certain animals can make
4 The conclusion that chimpanzees use
very intelligent decisions.
these plants for medical reasons
Certain animals very
a is the only possible explanation these
intelligent decisions
scientists have for their behaviour.
5 Scientists say dolphins are among the most
b is one of two possible explanations
intelligent creatures.
these scientists have for their
behaviour. Dolphins among the most
intelligent creatures
c is one of several possible
explanations these scientists have 6 People know dogs behave in very strange
for their behaviour. ways when they are ill.
5 Sodium has a certain chemical effect Dogs in very strange ways
that helps elephants in Kenya when they are ill.
a to digest some of the poisonous 7 Experts believe that different animals have
plants they eat. different ways of communicating with each
other.
b to sharpen their tusks when they
break off the rocks. Different animals ways of
communicating with each other.
c to eat the soft rocks they find in a
cave in Mount Elgon. 8 Experts say lots of animals are dying out
every year.
Lots of animals out every
year.

UNIT 13 97
 3 Read 4 Vocabulary
a Read the text quickly. Is this: Health and medicine
1 a newspaper article? a CD3 T19 Match definitions 1–10 with
2 an advertisement? expressions a–j. Then listen and check.
3 a blog? 1 to cut someone’s body open to repair,
remove or replace a damaged part c
2 a medicine or drug that stops you from
feeling pain
3 to become well again
4 a drug that makes you (or a bit of you)
sleep during an operation
5 a special room in which people are
operated on in a hospital
There IS an alternative 6 a doctor’s judgement about what
problem or illness a patient has
You probably have a basic understanding of how
modern medicine works: people have a yearly 7 to experience physical or mental pain
check-up, take medicine when they’re sick, are 8 a doctor who has special training to
operated on if they have certain diseases, and so on. carry out operations
But in recent years other approaches to healing 9 a sign of illness in the body
have grown in popularity. There are many 10 a medical examination to test your state
‘alternative’ techniques which come from all of health
over the globe and which have been around for
thousands of years. a a surgeon e a symptom

The term ‘alternative medicine’ is used to describe b an operating f a diagnosis

healing treatments that are not part of conventional theatre g an anaesthetic
medical training — like acupuncture, massage c to operate on h a painkiller
therapy or herbal medicine. (someone)
i to suffer (from)
Eastern countries have a long-standing tradition of d a check-up
j to recover (from)
using alternative medicine. And now, patients in
Western countries are becoming more interested in b Read the sentences and complete them
alternative techniques and have been asking about with the correct form of the words from
them. As a result, many Western medical schools Exercise 4a.
are starting to teach these medical techniques
1 If she is worried about her health, she should
and theories.
see a doctor and get a thorough check-up .
If you have a problem and conventional medicine
2 My father was his leg a week ago,
isn’t helping – get in touch with us. We can help.
but he’s already in great shape again.
There IS an alternative.
3 Claire’s father will be operated on by a
The Alternative Medicine Centre: who specialises in knee joints.
0801 732 732 4 A: Will he have to have when they
operate on his toe?
b Read the text again and answer the B: No, I don’t think so. The doctor said
questions. will do!
1 Where does ‘alternative medicine’ come 5 She had very bad flu. It took her almost three
from? weeks to from it.
2 What examples are given of medical training 6 The doctor hasn’t given her the yet,
that is different from what most doctors but she doesn’t think she’s seriously ill.
learn? 7 Sandra from terrible headaches at
3 Why are many Western medical schools now the moment.
teaching these techniques?

98 UNIT 13
5 Pronunciation
/n/ thin and /ŋ/ thing
ing rock rose
violet
CD3 T20 and T21 Turn to page 111.

6 Listen
a CD3 T22 Listen to Dan and Joanna talking about flower
remedies. Match the flowers 1–6 with the problems a–f.
1 heather a feeling like there’s no hope for the future
2 honeysuckle b feeling very frightened all the time
3 rock rose c always living in the past, feeling nostalgic gorse olive
4 violet d being very self-centred
5 gorse e feeling exhausted a lot of the time
6 olive f often feeling proud of yourself

b CD3 T22 Listen again and mark the statements T (true)

or F (false). Correct the false statements.
1 Dan is taking medicine because he’s very tired.
2 Dan doesn’t believe in flower remedies.
3 Flower remedies are more for curing the mind than the body. honeysuckle
4 You take a flower remedy by adding drops of water to it.
5 There are more than 40 flower remedies.

7 Vocabulary heather

Feelings
a Match the adjectives 1–6 with the definitions a–f.
1 panicky a not paying attention
2 homesick b thinking a lot about the past and imagining that it was better than the present
3 inattentive c worried or frightened
4 absent-minded d wishing you were at home
5 over-anxious e tending to forget things because you are thinking about other things
6 nostalgic f too worried about something

b Complete the sentences with adjectives from Exercise 7a.

1 He was so that he didn’t notice that he’d left his umbrella on the bus.
2 When I travel, if I get a bit , I just phone home. It’s so easy these days.
3 Her children make a lot of noise in the garden, but she doesn’t notice. She’s completely .
4 My parents are always talking about when they were young – they’re so about the past.

Vocabulary bank Turn to page 117.

8 Speak
a Work with a partner. Discuss the questions.
1 What do you think about flower remedies? Do you think they work?
2 Can you think of two friends or members of your family who have problems? How do they feel?
3 Which flower remedies do you think might help?

b Now discuss your ideas with another pair.

UNIT 13 99
 9 Read and listen A B C

a Look at the eight pictures (A–H).

Say what you can see in each one.

b Read the text quickly and check

your ideas. Match the pictures
with the paragraphs in the text.
D E F G H

Great breakthroughs in medicine

In the 21st century, we are used to hearing news of yet 5 1895 was the year that Wilhelm Röntgen invented the X-ray, which
another medical breakthrough – an advance that cures or now of course is commonly used to detect problems not only
prevents a disease or makes a treatment more effective and with bones but also with organs like lungs. X-rays are problematical
thus saves lives. But of course there have been other times in because they use radiation, but it is hard to imagine modern
history when discoveries and breakthroughs were made that, medicine without them.
though less frequent, were just as important. For example, 6 Blood transfusions help to save thousands of lives every day,
when did we first have vaccines? When did organ transplants but it was only in 1907 that the first successful and safe one was
start? How long have we had X-rays? Read our timeline performed, using what was then a new technique of classifying
and find out about eight events which we think were truly blood into different types (A, B, O and so on). Before then,
groundbreaking – but remember, this is just a selection, you transfusions had frequently not worked because not enough was
can probably think of others. known about complications in mixing different blood types.
1 In 1628 in England, William Harvey published a book 7 In 1953, Englishman Francis Crick and American James Watson
describing how blood is pumped throughout the body announced to the world that they had found the structure of the
by the heart and then returns to the heart and circulates DNA molecule, the basis of all life. From this discovery, hundreds of
again. The book was very controversial, but it soon became medical advances have been made possible, including some in the
the basis of all modern research on the heart and blood. treatment of cancer and AIDS. (There have also been uses for DNA
2 In 1796, William Jenner was the first person to use in other walks of life, including crime resolution.)
vaccination to prevent disease. When he gave a very small 8 In 1954, the first kidney transplant between humans was carried out
dose of cowpox to an eight-year-old boy, the boy did not in the USA by Joseph Murray. It was between two men who were
get smallpox (a deadly disease at the time) when he was identical twins. From that beginning, transplants of other human
exposed to it. We now have vaccinations against hundreds organs, such as the liver and the heart, were developed, and they are
of diseases, including killers like cholera and typhoid. now fairly commonplace.
3 In 1816, René Laënnec invented the stethoscope in Paris.
It was made of wood. From then on, doctors could detect
chest diseases, and the stethoscope is still widely used
today, though now they are usually metal. There are also Discussion box
electronic versions.
1 Which of the eight breakthroughs do you
4 In the 1870s, Louis Pasteur was at the forefront of think was the most significant? Why?
research into how germs carry disease. He is perhaps best
2 What medical breakthrough would you
remembered for inventing a way to kill microorganisms
like to see happen next?
in milk that could cause disease, a process that is called
pasteurization. 3 Medical discoveries are often very
controversial. Give an example and reasons.

100 UNIT 13
 c CD3 T23 Read the text again and listen. Mark the statements T (true) or F (false).
1 Some people did not agree with what 5 X-rays are completely safe.
Harvey said in his book. 6 The first-ever blood transfusion was
2 Smallpox, cholera and typhoid can performed in 1907.
all kill people. 7 Crick and Watson invented DNA.
3 Wooden stethoscopes are widely 8 Joseph Murray was the first man to
used today. receive a kidney transplant.
4 Pasteurization is a process that makes
milk safer.

0 Write
a You see this poster on the school noticeboard and decide to enter the competition.
First brainstorm some ideas. Read the list below and add more ideas of your own.

A guide watch what you eat

to a life
don’t watch, participate

learn how to use your time

well

Whaatt ca
an you do to imprro help other people
ove
th
hee qu
ualit
ity off your life?
well
Choose three area
s and write learn how to do something
a short paragraph
for each
one, explaining yo
ur ideas. talk about your problems
The best answers elf
think positively about yours
will be published
in
the school maga laugh a lot
zine.

b Read the paragraphs below quickly. Which of the c Topic sentences are used
brainstorming ideas in Exercise 10a do they talk about? at the beginning of a
paragraph to introduce the
ideas that are going to be
For your portfolio

People often don’t do what they really want to because of expressed in it. Underline
a fear of failure. You don’t apply for a job in case you don’t
the two topic sentences in
get it. You don’t perform at the school concert because
others might laugh at you. A lack of confidence can cause the model text.
a lot of misery.
d You can often make your
The secret to overcoming this problem is learning to writing more interesting
believe in yourself. This might be easier said than done, but by giving examples. Look
there are many things to help you do this. Talk about your back at the model text and
problem with a friend or look for advice on the internet. underline the examples it
Visualise yourself being successful and practise breathing contains.
techniques to keep you calm when you get nervous. And
the most important thing is: believe you can do it. When e Now write two more
you’ve learned to do that, you’re well on your way. paragraphs of your own for
the competition.

UNIT 13 101
 4 Movie ma ic
Clauses of purpose: to / in order to / so as to
Result clauses with so / such (that)
Vocabulary: reacting to films

Read and listen

a Work in pairs. Discuss why
Problems at school? Finding it difficult to get on at home?
you think people enjoy
The answer to these problems could be as simple as sitting down to
watching films so much.
watch a DVD. At least, that is what the psychotherapist and film fan
b Read the text quickly and Bernie Wooder believes. He is so passionate about the healing power
choose the best title. of films that he is pioneering the use of ‘movie therapy’ in Britain, and
has just written a book explaining how it works. It involves finding
1 Film stars have problems a film that relates to someone’s problem, then discussing the feelings
too it causes.
2 Films help unlock emotions
‘‘Movie therapy is so powerful because it
3 Watching films helps you a
accesses feelings and emotions quickly,
relax 1
’ explains Wooder. ‘Films
p
provide role models, clarify relationship
c CD3 T24 Put these
issues, identify problems and solutions,
phrases into the correct inspire and motivate.’
places in the text. Then
listen and check. Wooder, 68, has prescribed films such as Rocky (to help a businessman
overcome his insecurity) and Ghost (to come to terms with death).
a hoping to discover why she
One of Wooder’s patients who responded very well to film therapy was
couldn’t find happiness Bette, a woman in her thirties who, 2 , lived in a permanent
b despite having a high- state of depression and she felt she wasn’t good enough for anything.
powered job in London So, 3 , she went to Wooder. He advised her to rent a
c from criminals in prison to DVD of Alfred Hitchcock’s 1940 psychological thriller Rebecca.
patients in hospital Hitchcock’s film tells the story of a shy young
d in a world she doesn’t woman who marries a wealthy, sophisticated
understand man called Maxim de Winter, and finds
e without the need for a big herself living in the shadow of his first wife,
argument the beautiful, lively Rebecca. The second
Mrs de Winter feels increasingly lonely,
f bringing them to the surface unattractive and out of her depth,
like a magnet, 4
.
d Read the text again and After watching the film several times, Bette
answer the questions. realised she had always felt second best – first to h
her
younger sister, and more recently to her husband’s first wife.
1 How does film therapy
work? Bette persuaded her husband to watch the film with her in order to
2 How did Bernie Wooder use show him how she felt. They were really able to communicate,
5
the films Ghost and Rocky .
to help people? Wooder feels that film therapy has plenty more to offer. ‘We’re only
3 What film did Bernie at the beginning of what movie therapy can really do,’ Wooder says.
Wooder suggest for Bette ‘It could be used on everyone, 6 .’
and how did it work? But which films should you watch? ‘Old black and whites are very
4 Why are black and white good at calming people down because they conjure up nostalgia and
films good for film therapy? innocence,’ says Wooder. And it’s not just about the feel-good factor.
‘That ends when the film is over,’ says Wooder. ‘It’s what the film
leaves you with that counts.’

102 UNIT 14
 3 Grammar
Discussion box
Result clauses with so / such (that)
1 Do you go to the cinema often, and
if so, does it help you feel good? a Complete the sentences with the phrases in the
box. Use the text to help you.
2 Do you think film therapy will be
popular? Why / Why not?
such strong feelings so passionate

1 Bette had of inferiority that she felt

2 Grammar she wasn’t good enough for anything.
2 He is about the healing power of films
Clauses of purpose: to /
that he is pioneering the use of ‘movie therapy’
in order to / so as to
in Britain.
a Look at the examples. Then
complete the rule. b Complete the rule. Write so or such.
1 Wooder prescribed Rocky to help a
businessman overcome his insecurity. RULE: In order to show how one thing is the result
of another, we can use: + adjective/
2 Bette persuaded her husband to adverb + (that) or (+ a/an)
watch the film with her in order to (+adjective) + noun/plural noun + (that)
show him how she felt.
3 She didn’t want to talk to her
husband so as not to pass her
problems on to him.
The word that can be left out, but we usually keep it in.
RULE: We can use the to infinitive to
talk about purpose. In more formal c Join the two sentences to make one. Use so
language, or in writing, we can use and such.
or + the verb.
1 We were late. We had to take a taxi.
To make these expressions negative,
we put not immediately before the We were so late that we had to take a taxi.
word . 2 It was a moving film. I almost cried.
3 They were very bored by the film. They fell asleep.
4 He’s a bad actor. You feel like laughing when you
b Match the questions with the watch him.
answers. Add not to the answers 5 Film therapy is effective. Many people overcome
where it is needed. Then rewrite their problems.
the question and answer as one
sentence. d Make sentences that are true for you, using the
phrases in the box. Compare sentences with
1 Why do people go to therapists? a partner.
People go to therapists in order to
get help with their problems. such a long time such good friends so tired
2 Why did she cry a lot?
so easily so happy such bad weather
such a lot of homework such a big mistake
3 Why did they go to the supermarket? so often so angry
4 Why did she arrive early?
I was so tired last weekend that I didn’t do anything
a So as to miss the beginning of the at all.
show.
Get it ri ht! Turn to page 121.
b In order to get help with their
problems.
4 Pronunciation
c So as to run out of food over the
weekend. Word stress in multi-syllabic words
d In order to release her emotions. CD3 T25 Turn to page 111.

UNIT 14 103
 5 Speak b Work with a partner. Read about these people
with problems. They want to try film therapy.
a Read the film descriptions. Have you Which film would you recommend for each
seen any of the films? What kind person? Explain why.
of film do you think each one is?
O Nathan lives only for himself. He does whatever he
Choose from the types in the box.
likes whenever he likes and he never thinks about
how his actions might affect others. He is starting to
epic horror comedy fantasy
thriller romantic cartoon realise that he’s not as popular as he thought he was.
science fiction O Dan is finding it difficult to balance what his parents
expect from him and who he is when he is with his
family. He’d be happier living with another family.
r:
Avata
O Jane has watched her three children grow up and
leave home. She feels there is nothing for her to do
Sam
S am Worthi
Worthington
any more and that her life has very little meaning or
plays Jake, a
purpose.
human who falls
in love with an c What other films would you recommend to each
alien on a faraway of these people?
planet. Conflicts arise as the two worlds collide
and Jake must decide whose side he’s on.
6 Listen
a Look at the scene from the film The Beach. How
Up: does it make you feel?
After
A death
fter the de
of his wife, an
b CD3 T26 Listen to the conversation between
old man attaches
two friends. Mark the sentences T (True) or
thousands of balloons to his house and takes F (False).
it high into the sky on the adventure he has
been waiting for all his life.

he Box:
T
find a box
A couple find
on their doorstep.
Inside is a button. If
they press it they will
get $1 million but someone they don’t know will 1 The story is about a girl who is 20.
die. But what will the consequences be? Something 2 Bernie suggested she watched The Beach.
more terrible than they can imagine.
3 It was one particular scene that made
the girl upset.
4 After watching the film, the girl felt

The Wild dissatisfied with her life.

re
Whegs Are: 5 The girl wanted to leave her boyfriend
Thin and go to Thailand.
After
A fter having an 6 When Bernie asked why the film had affected
argument with his her so much, she couldn’t explain it at first.
mother, nine-year-old Max runs away to an 7 The girl had gone straight from school
island inhabited by large furry monsters who to university.
decide to make him their king. But after a
8 The girl went to Thailand for a holiday.
while Max grows tired of his new friends
and all their fighting. c What film have you seen that had a really powerful
effect on you? Tell your partner about it.

104 UNIT 14
7 Vocabulary
Reacting to films
a Read the quiz and fill in the spaces with the words in the box.

exciting funny sad scary

g o er a re you?
t k i n d o f film d find out!
Wh a g o e r ’s quiz an
film
Do our 3 The hero thinks he’s being chased
through a dark house by a monster.
1 The hero gets up to make a wedding speech SSuddenly
dd l the monster appears in
but he trips over and falls face first into the front of him.
wedding cake.
a Y
You scream and
d jump
j outt
a You fall about laughing. of your seat.
b You chuckle to yourself. b You don’t see it because you’ve
already closed your eyes.
c You can’t understand what’s so
1
funny about the scene. c You can’t understand what’s so
3
about the scene.
2 The hero is slowly dying in her bed. In her
arms she’s holding her young son. With 4 The hero is fighting lots of giant spiders
her final words she tells her son how when her gun runs out of bullets.
much she loves him and asks him to look
after the family. a Y
You are on the
th edge
d off
your seat.
a You cry your eyes out. b You want to watch but you
b You’re determined not to cry, can’t stop yawning because
so you bite your lip. you’re so tired.
c You can’t understand what’s so c You can’t understand what’s
2
about the scene. so 4 about the film.

b Do the quiz. Then check your scores on page 126. d Complete the sentences with
the expressions from the quiz
c Look at the expressions in italics. Which means: in Exercise 7a.
1 something you do when you are tired but trying not to fall 1 I was bored out of my brain,
asleep? can’t stop yawning and I couldn’t stop yawning
2 to laugh a lot? all the time.
3 to make a loud noise when you are scared or surprised? 2 I didn’t hear him come in, and
4 to cry a lot? I nearly seat.
5 to laugh quietly? 3 It was so sad – I cried
6 something you do when you are trying to stop yourself out.
from crying? 4 I didn’t want him to see me
7 something you might do when you are very excited by upset so I .
a film?
5 It was a great joke and we all
8 something you might do when you are suddenly surprised? laughing!
Vocabulary bank Turn to page 117. 6 I was so excited that I was on
seat.

UNIT 14 105
 What’s so funny?
8 Read and listen
a CD3 T27 Why do Amy and Lily laugh when Jack and Nick arrive?
Read, listen and check your ideas.

Amy: Hmm, I’m so tired. Been revising too much, I think.

Lily: Me too. Let’s take a break. We could watch a film
together later.
Amy: Could do. But, what do you mean? At the cinema or
shall we rent a DVD or something?
Lily: I’m easy. Depends what’s on and what kind of thing you
want to see.
Amy: Oh, I’m not bothered really. Whatever. I just love films.
Lily: Anything, as long as it’s good?
Amy: Yeah.
Lily: That’s
h ’ my motto too. Though
h h I’m
’ kind
k d off into suspense movies. You know, thrillers, things to make you
bite your nails!
Amy: Me too. There was one on TV the other night, ah, what was it called? It’s on the tip of my tongue.
It’s a pretty old film. It’s about four guys from the city going on a weekend fishing trip on a river
somewhere. Oh, I remember now – it’s called Deliverance.
Lily: Oh yeah, that rings a bell. But I don’t think I’ve seen it.
Amy: You should! I mean, if you want scary, it’s seriously scary! I was on the edge of my seat the
whole time.
Lily: Why? What happens?
Amy: Oh, well, the four guys kind of get lost. And … well, there’s one bit where the guys are in the woods,
they’re trying to find how to get back to the river, and then ……suddenly these two really weird-looking
guys appear …

2
Nick: Hi, Amy. Lily.
Jack: Hi, you two.
Amy: Hello.
Jack: What’s so funny?
Lily: Nothing – honestly.
Nick: Well, what were you talking about? You’ve got big
wide grins on your faces!
Lily: Oh, this and that. You know, just chatting.
Amy: We were talking about thriller films. We’re thinking
of watching one. Want to join us?
Nick: Yeah, count me in.
Jack: Sure. I haven’t seen a good film for far too long. Got anything in mind?
Lily: Well, there was one film we were thinking about …
Amy: But I’ve seen it – and anyway, it’d be far too scary for you two!
Nick: Do you want to bet? There’s never been a horror film that I didn’t watch all the way through.
Jack: Take it easy, Nick – I think she’s pulling your leg!
Nick: Oh. Right. Sorry!

106 UNIT 14
b Read the text again. Answer the questions.
Discussion box
1 Why are the girls tired?
1 Do you watch films to relax? If so, what kind
2 What’s Lily’s ‘motto’? of films?
3 What does Amy say that Deliverance is about? 2 Are there any kinds of film that you never
4 Why does Nick almost get upset with Amy? watch? If so, which kind?

9 Everyday En lish
a Find expressions 1–6 in the story. Who says them? Match them with meanings a–f.
1 I’m easy. a sounds familiar
2 It’s on the tip of my tongue. b from the beginning to the end
3 [that] rings a bell c Do you already have an idea / a plan?
4 this and that d I don’t mind
5 Got anything in mind? e I know the word/name but I can’t quite remember it
6 all the way through f various things

b Use one of the phrases in each space.

1 A: Do you know Paula Hamilton?
Makin Waves DVD Episode 4

B: Paula Hamilton? Well, the name

, but I don’t think I know her.
2 A: I want to eat something different for
dinner today.
B: Sure. ?
3 A: What did you do at school today?
B: Oh, . Nothing very interesting.
4 A: What programme do you want to watch?
B: You choose. .
5 A: I thought this book was really good.
B: Yeah. I read it in about three
hours. a Do you think creative work can be stressful?
6 A: What’s that guy’s name?
Why / Why not?
B: Ah, . It begins with ‘F’, I think – Melanie, the girl in the photo, doesn’t want
oh, Frank! That’s it. to be interviewed by Nick. Why, do you
think?
0 Improvisation b Here are four things that are said in Episode 4.
Work with a partner. Take two minutes to Underline the option you think the person
prepare a short role play. Try to use some says.
of the expressions from Exercise 9a. Do not 1 Nick: I’m losing my touch / hearing / sight.
write the text, just agree on your ideas for 2 Jack: You need to lighten down / up / off.
a short scene. Then act it out. 3 Nick: I’m not going to worry / cry / stress
Roles: Jack and Lily about it.
Situation: in town or at school 4 Lily: Teamwork / Hard work / Homework
Basic idea: Jack and Lily want to go out wins every time.
somewhere in the evening. They talk about
As you watch the episode, check your ideas.
where they might go and what they might do.
c Watch Episode 4. What effect does the film
have on Melanie? On Nick?

UNIT 14 107
 2 Write
a Read through the
synopsis of the film
School of Rock.
1 Does the writer like
the film?
For your portfolio

2 What do you think

Dewey’s ‘brilliant
plan’ might be?

b Read the synopsis

again and answer the
questions.
1 How much factual
information is given
about the film?
2 What tense is used
to tell the story?
Why do you think
this tense is used?
3 How much of the School of Rock is one of those rare Àlms: a comedy for both
story is told? teenagers and adults. It stars Jack Black as Dewey, a guitarist
4 Why do you think who won’t give up his dream of living a rock ’n’ roll lifestyle.
the writer stops his But in the real world of overdue rent and his Áatmate Ned’s
synopsis where he nagging girlfriend, it’s becoming almost impossible to
does? achieve. However, Dewey has a plan – to win a $20,000
c Read the text again. talent contest with his band. Unfortunately, the other band
What do the words members decide that his on-stage clowning is embarrassing
in bold refer to? Why and that they have a better chance of winning without him.
does the writer use So one day Dewey arrives at rehearsal to Ànd that the band
them? has a new guitarist.

d Write a synopsis Things look bad for Dewey: no money and no band to win
of a film you have the competition. One day at home, Dewey answers a phone
seen recently. Think call for Ned, his Áatmate, who’s a substitute teacher. A
carefully about how private school wants his services immediately. When Dewey
you can use pronouns learns that the job pays $600 a week, he pretends to be Ned.
effectively to avoid
An hour later he is introducing himself to a room of ten-year-
repeating words.
olds as Mr S, their teacher for the next few weeks.
Of course, Dewey has no intention of teaching the kids
anything. He puts them on permanent break time while he
sits and daydreams. However, the next day, the children go
for their weekly music lesson. While Dewey is in the toilet,
he hears beautiful music outside. He goes and looks through
the music room door. There he sees his kids playing a variety
of instruments. And suddenly, Dewey has a brilliant plan to
win that $20,000 after all.

108 UNIT 14
 Grammar 2 Vocabulary
a Complete the sentences, using the a Complete the sentences with the words
correct form of the verbs in brackets. in the box. Note that you may need to
1 He is believed to be in the United change the form.
States. (believe)
anaesthetic diagnose with symptom
2 Many children to be extremely suffer painkiller operating theatre
talented. (think)
3 German to have more irregular 1 After the accident she suffered from
verbs than regular ones. (say) terrible headaches.
4 More languages to die out 2 Soon after she came back from her holiday
during the next fifty years. (expect) in Africa she was malaria.
5 Many languages are thought 3 If you’ve got a headache, why don’t you
from Sanskrit centuries ago. (derive) take a and lie down for a while?
4 4 Those spots might not hurt but they could
be a of something more serious.
b Join the sentences to make one. Use the
5 The operation started at 9 o’clock. He was
words in brackets.
taken to the an hour before that.
1 They went to London. They wanted to 6 I don’t remember a thing about the
do some shopping. (in order) operation because I was under .
They went to London in order to do
some shopping. 5

2 I studied hard. I wanted to get better b Write the letters in the correct order to
marks than last time. (so as) make words that complete the sentences.
1 I was so surprised that I jumped out of
3 He wore his best clothes. He wanted to my seat. (jupedm)
impress her. (in order) 2 It was very exciting – I was on the
of my seat. (gede)
4 We kept very quiet. We didn’t want to 3 It was an incredibly funny joke and
disturb him. (so as) everyone about laughing. (lefl)
4 The film was so sad that I my
eyes out. (riecd)
3
5 I wanted to argue with him, but I decided to
c Circle the correct word in each my lip. (tibe)
sentence. 6 The comedy was quite funny and I
1 He was so / such / such a tired that he quietly to myself. (cklucehd)
fell asleep immediately.
5
2 My sister is so / such / such a good How did you do?
writer that they’re going to publish her
Check your score.
book.
3 My brother was so / such / such an angry Total score
that I thought he was going to hit me! 21 Very Not very
good OK good
4 They’re so / such / such a good friends
that I can’t imagine being without them. Grammar 9 – 11 6–8 less than 6
5 It was so / such / such a delicious food Vocabulary 8 – 10 5–7 less than 5
that I couldn’t stop eating. 4

UNIT 14 109
Pronunciation
Unit 1 Intonation in questions b CD1 T24 Listen and repeat.
a CD1 T09 Listen to the questions. Does 1 What the man said was sad.
the speaker’s voice go up h or down x at 2 If this bat bends, then it’s a pretty bad bat.
the end? Write h or x. 3 I bet ten pounds that it isn’t a real tan.
1 Where are you going on holiday this year?
2 Are you going somewhere nice?
Unit 5 Contractions in third
conditionals
3 When did you go to Italy?
4 Did you enjoy your holiday?
a CD2 T04
Listen and write in the
missing words.
5 What did you see there?
1 If I a decided to get married at
b Can you make a ‘rule’ about intonation in 16, the decision b c

questions? changed my whole life.

c CD1 T09 Listen again and repeat. 2 If I a b
given the vote
when I was 16, I c d

Unit 2 Sentence stress and rhythm voted in last year’s election.

CD1 T13 Listen to the sentences. b CD2 T05

Listen to the sentences. Pay
Underline the elements that are stressed. attention to the underlined contractions.
Notice the rhythm of the sentences then Then listen again and repeat.
listen again and repeat. 1 If she’d asked me, I’d have told her.
1 I always forget what to do. 2 I’d have bought it for you if I’d had
2 I don’t know who he is. enough money.
3 I don’t remember what she said. 3 If we’d left any later, we’d have missed
the train.
4 What I like about her is that she’s polite.
4 We’d have won the game if he’d scored
Unit 3 Schwa /ə/ that penalty.

a CD1 T18 Read the sentences. How do Unit 6 /ð/ the and /θ/ thing
you think the underlined words are
pronounced? Listen and check your ideas. a CD2 T09
Write the words on the
correct lines according to the initial ‘th’
1 A: Who are you talking to? B: To Katie.
sound. Then listen and check.
2 A: What are you waiting for? B: For the bus.
3 A: What are you looking at? B: At that bird. thing the three these that them
this think thanks thirty thief
b CD1 T19 Listen to the sentences. Pay
attention to the underlined words. Then
1 ð the,
listen again and repeat.
1 We need to finish but we’re running out 2 θ thing,
of time.
b CD2 T10 Listen and repeat.
2 I was just too late to see the thing I wanted
to watch. 1 I think it’s over there.
3 Look at the clock – we’re not at all late 2 I’d like these three things, thanks.
for the lesson. 3 I think that’s the thief in there.
4 There are thirty things in those three bags.
Unit 4 // accident and /e/ excitement
a CD1 T23 Listen and tick the word you hear.
Unit 7 Linking sounds
1 sat set 5 pan pen a CD2 T16
Listen to the sentences. Pay
attention to how the underlined sounds
2 pat pet 6 band bend
are pronounced.
3 bat bet 7 man men 1 I’m getting stuck with my maths homework.
4 tan ten 8 sad said 2 I’m sure we can sort out an answer.

110 PRONUNCIATION
 3 She’s really good at sorting them out. Unit 11 record (noun) and record
4 Let’s try to find a solution. (verb)
5 I’ve tried hard but I can’t find the answer. CD3 T09 Listen and mark the stress on
b Many English words end with a consonant the underlined words. Then listen again
like /t/, /d/ or /k/. Can you make a ‘rule’ and repeat.
about when these final sounds are 1 The band made a record.
pronounced or not? 2 They recorded the song in Ireland.
c CD2 T16 Listen to the sentences again 3 The gold was extracted from a mine
and repeat. in Colombia.
4 Did you like the extract we read in
Unit 8 Linking sounds: the last unit?
intrusive /w/ and /j/ 5 She signed a contract with a record company.
6 The company was contracted to build a dam.
CD2 T19 Listen to the sentences. Write
w (if you hear a /w/ sound) or y (if you hear
a /j/ sound). Then listen again and repeat.
Unit 12 /i/ sit and /i/ seat
1 It’s too easy to start a war. a CD3 T15 Listen and tick the word
2 Come with me and we’ll find a solution. you hear.
3 So I decided to become an expert. 1 sit seat 4 hit heat
4 Can I give you any help? 2 bit beat 5 ship sheep
3 fit feet 6 tin teen
Unit 9 Words ending in -ough
b CD3 T16 Listen and repeat.
a CD2 T23 Match the words that rhyme.
1 Don’t sit on my feet.
Then listen and check.
2 You win – you beat me!
1 enough a new
3 We need a bit of heat in here.
2 though b off
3 through c slow Unit 13 /n/ thi
thinn and /ŋ/ thi
thing
ng
4 cough d puff
a CD3 T20 Listen and tick the word
b CD2 T24 Listen and repeat. you hear.
1 He coughed all through the night. 1 thin thing 4 sin sing
2 Don’t go through there, though.
2 sun sung 5 ban bang
3 The new material wasn’t tough enough.
3 ran rang 6 run rung
Unit 10 Intonation in question tags b CD3 T21 Listen and repeat.
a CD3 T05 Listen to the sentences. Does 1 He ran in when the phone rang.
the speaker’s voice go up or down at the 2 Don’t bang on the table – it’s banned in here.
end? Write h or x. 3 Sorry, Ron – you’re wrong!
1 She’s French, isn’t she?
2 She’s French, isn’t she? Unit 14 Word stress in multi-syllabic
words
3 You don’t live around here, do you?
4 You don’t live around here, do you? a How many syllables do the words in each
group have?
b CD3 T05 Listen again. In which of the
1 happy silly delay nervous
sentences in Exercise a is the speaker
2 medicine therapy comedy departure
a) checking information, b) just making
3 reservation comedian medicinal identify
conversation?
b CD3 T25 Underline the word in each
group with a different stress pattern from
the others. Then listen and check.

PRONUNCIATION 111
 Vocabulary bank
Unit 2 Personality
1 calm = quiet and relaxed
Helen never seems to get angry or excited
– she’s a very calm person.
2 excitable = easily and
often excited
He’s a nice
boy, but very
excitable when
he’s with other
Unit 3 Expressions with time
children. 1 time’s up = the time allowed (e.g. for an examination, or
3 bright = intelligent in a football match) has finished
My sister got 95% on her OK, everyone – time’s up, so please stop writing and
tests at school – she’s a pretty bright kid! hand in your answer papers.
4 eccentric = acting in a 2 at all times = always [formal]
strange or unusual Please keep your luggage with you at all times. Luggage
way – sometimes left unattended will be taken away and destroyed.
an amusing way 3 no time to lose = something must be done immediately
My uncle Joe is The match starts in ten minutes and we must watch it!
a bit eccentric Come on, there’s no time to lose!
– he only ever 4 of all time = that has ever lived or existed
wears a suit and tie, Many people think that Roger Federer is the greatest
even at home! tennis player of all time.
5 upbeat / downbeat = full of positive/ 5 from time to time = occasionally, sometimes
negative feelings I don’t particularly like sweet things, but I eat a piece of
He’s always happy and smiling – he’s a chocolate from time to time.
really upbeat person.
6 time to kill = a period of time when you have nothing
6 (in)considerate to do
= (not) thinking We’ve got some time to kill before our train leaves.
about other Shall we go and have some coffee?
people’s feelings
7 at the time = at the particular point when something
and interests
was thought or done.
Our neighbours
are playing music Buying this laptop was a big mistake – but I thought it
loudly again – they’re was a good idea at the time.
so inconsiderate! 8 a matter of time = [used when you think something will
7 (un)selfish = (not) thinking only about your
happen in the near future]
own advantage I’ve been late for school three times this week. It’s only
He could have scored the goal himself, but a matter of time before the teacher loses his patience
he was unselfish and passed the ball for with me.
another player to score. 9 to have a lot of time / no time for (someone) = to
8 (un)approachable = (not) friendly and easy
really like / dislike (someone)
to talk to I think she’s a really unpleasant person – I’ve got no
If you’ve got a problem, go and talk time for her at all.
to our teacher – you know, he’s very 10 to have the time of (your) life = a very enjoyable
approachable. experience
Thanks for your party – it was brilliant! I had the time
of my life.

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Unit 4 Adverbial phrases
1 back to front 2 from head to toe 3 inside out (1)

I got dressed in a hurry this The car drove through the I’m going to show you round
morning, and I put my pullover puddle and splashed water all the castle, and you can ask me
on back to front. over me – I got wet from head any questions you want – I
to toe. know this place inside out.

4 inside out (2) 5 from top to bottom 6 upside down (1)

Hey, Alex – I can see the label The kitchen was filthy, so on I turned my bedroom upside
of your T-shirt. I think you’ve Sunday we cleaned it from top down but I still couldn’t find
got it on inside out. to bottom. my passport!

7 upside down (2) 8 the wrong way round

The display was wonderful – Well, of course it doesn’t work

at one point, the planes were – you’ve put the batteries in
flying upside down! the wrong way round.

Unit 5 Ways of getting involved

1 to give someone a hand = to help someone 5 aid worker = someone who is working in a
I’m having lots of problems with this homework country where there is a war, no food, etc., in
– can you give me a hand, Mum? order to help people
2 to volunteer = to do something freely that you Before she started work as a doctor, Sian was an
don’t have to do aid worker in Africa.
My brother didn’t have to join the army, but he 6 to collaborate = to work together with another
volunteered and now he’s a soldier. person or other people
3 with the aid of = with help or support The British and French police collaborated to
catch the criminal.
My grandma’s very old, but she can still walk
with the aid of a stick. 7 to back = to give help/support with money or
with words
4 in aid of = in order to help
The government has decided to back plans for
We’re collecting money in aid of poor children
research, and will give £5 million.
in Africa.

VOCABULARY BANK 113

 Unit 7 Conflicts and solutions
1 to not be on speaking terms (with someone) =
to refuse to speak to someone because you are
angry with them
They had an argument last night and now
they’re not on speaking terms (with each other).
2 a quarrel = an argument or disagreement
They had a quarrel about three months ago and 7 ill feeling = an unpleasant feeling between people
they haven’t spoken to each other since. who do not like each other
3 to pick a fight (an argument / a quarrel) with He accused me of stealing from him! So there’s
someone = to start a fight (etc.) with someone a lot of ill feeling between us now.
He was in a really bad mood, so he just picked 8 give-and-take = the willingness to discuss things
a fight with the first person he saw. with people so that you can live together easily
4 to come to blows = to have a physical fight with In every friendship there has to be some give-and-
someone take.
They argued and shouted for ages – but 9 to get to the bottom of (something) = to discover
fortunately, they didn’t come to blows. the facts/truth about a situation
5 to negotiate = to talk together to try to reach I don’t know what caused the problem, but I’m
an agreement working to get to the bottom of it.
The government has said that it will never 10 to take the bull by the horns = to do something
negotiate with terrorists. difficult in a brave, determined way
6 a misunderstanding = a small disagreement I really wanted to know the answer, so I took
We argued a bit last night – well, it wasn’t really the bull by the horns and wrote an email to the
an argument, just a misunderstanding. president!

Unit 8 Making an effort

1 to make an/no attempt = to (not) try to do something, especially
something difficult
I tried to talk to him, but he made no attempt to be friendly, so I left.
2 to bother = to make the effort to do something
He could have phoned me but he just didn’t bother.
3 can’t be bothered = to be too lazy or uninterested to do something
I know I should read this book for my project, but I can’t be bothered,
so I’m going to watch TV.
4 to sweat (over something) = to work very hard
I’ve been sweating over this maths problem for an hour – but I can’t
solve it!
5 no sweat [informal] = it isn’t difficult / not a problem
‘Can you show me how to use this program on my laptop?’ ‘Sure – no
sweat.’
6 to be worth the effort = to produce results which give value to the effort
This food is really difficult to make – but it’s so delicious, it’s worth the effort.
7 to put everything into (something) = to work as hard as possible, make as
much effort as possible
He was only in fifth place, but then he put everything into the last
100 metres and he won!
8 to endeavour [formal] = to try
Thank you for your letter. We will endeavour to reply before the end of
the week.

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Unit 9 Language
1 sign language = the system of hand and body
movements that deaf people use to communicate
There’s a deaf girl in our street – it’s amazing to
watch her talking to her friends in sign language.
2 slang = very informal language, usually spoken
rather than written
‘Lolly’ is slang for ‘money’ in some parts of England.
3 an idiom = a group of words in a fixed order that
have a particular meaning, different from what
the words on their own mean
To ‘bite off more than you can chew’ is an idiom
in English. It means to try to do something which
is too difficult for you.
4 a cliché = an expression that is very often used,
so it’s not original or interesting
My wedding day – and I know it’s a cliché – was
just the happiest day of my life.
5 bad language = language that many people think 8 to speak the same language = to have similar
is rude or unacceptable ideas and similar ways of expressing them
My father always says that there’s too much bad We both come from New York and we both
language on television. love baseball – so we speak the same language!
6 to swear = to use rude or offensive words 9 terminology = special words and phrases used
My mother was very angry when a man in the by groups of people, especially in their work
street swore at her. It’s hard to understand this letter from the
7 a slogan = a short and easily remembered phrase, lawyer – it’s full of legal terminology.
especially one used to advertise an idea or a 10 jargon = terminology that you don’t like, that
product annoys you
In his campaign to become president, Barack When Jim starts using computer jargon, I can’t
Obama used the slogan ‘Yes, we can’. understand a word of what he’s saying.

Unit 10 Expressions with opinion

1 a matter of opinion = something people can have different ideas about
Well, some people think it’s a good idea, and some people don’t – it’s a matter of opinion.
2 to express an opinion = to say what you think about something
I don’t know what he thinks about it – he didn’t express an opinion.
3 (my) considered opinion = (my) opinion after thinking a lot about it
Well, I’ve thought about your suggestion and it’s my considered opinion that it’s the wrong thing to do.
4 a difference of opinion = when people don’t think the same way
We don’t agree at all – let’s just say we have a difference of opinion.
5 a second opinion = another opinion, especially from a doctor
The doctor says my mum needs an operation, but we think she should get a second opinion.
6 to have a high opinion of (yourself) = to think (you) are skilled/clever, in a way that is annoying
Paul really makes me angry – he’s got such a high opinion of himself.
7 an opinion poll = when people are asked questions to discover what they think about a subject
The latest opinion poll shows that the president’s popularity has gone down.
8 public opinion = what people in general think
The government want to buy more planes and guns, but public opinion is against it.

VOCABULARY BANK 115

 Unit 11 Music
1 an album = a CD that has 4 a (record) label = a company 7 a cover band = a band or
several pieces of music on it that records and sells music group that plays mostly, or
Arcade Fire have got a new She’s just signed a deal for four only, cover songs
CD out – I think it’s their best albums with a new label. There’s a cover band at the
album so far. 5 canned music = music played club tonight – they play music
2 a track = a song or piece of in places like shopping malls by The Beatles and The Rolling
music on an album/CD (muzak) Stones.
I like most of the songs on Everywhere you go in town, 8 a composer = a person who
their new CD, but there are you hear canned music – it writes music
one or two pretty bad tracks drives me crazy! Mozart was one of the
too. 6 a cover (version) = a greatest composers of all time.
3 a soundtrack = the music that performance or recording of 9 a songwriter / singer-
is played during a film a song which was originally songwriter = a person who
I didn’t like the film much, but written and recorded by writes / writes and sings songs
there was some great music on someone else Who’s your favourite singer-
the soundtrack. There have been millions of songwriter? Mine’s Peter
covers of Elvis Presley songs. Gabriel.

Unit 12 Travel

1 a journey = the act of travelling from one place 6 a cruise = a journey for pleasure on a large ship,
to another, especially in a car/bus/train/plane, visiting several places
etc. My mum’s dream is to go on a cruise around the
We drove from London to Rome – it was a long Mediterranean Sea.
journey but we enjoyed it. 7 backpacking = travelling (usually cheaply) with
2 a trip = a journey in which you go somewhere, your possessions in a backpack
usually for a short time, and come back again When my daughter was 18, she went
Last weekend we went on a trip to Paris. backpacking in South America.
3 a voyage = a long journey, especially by ship but 8 a stopover = a short stay that you make in a
also by, for example, spacecraft place while you are on a longer journey to
Their voyage to the moon and back took eight somewhere else
days. We flew to Australia last year, and we had a
4 a tour = a journey made for pleasure, especially stopover for two days in Bangkok.
as a holiday, visiting several different places in 9 to commute = to travel from your home to
an area work and back, usually over a fairly long distance
They’ve just come back from a walking tour He lives in Cambridge but he commutes to
round the coast of Scotland. London.
5 an excursion = a short journey usually made for 10 an expedition = an organised journey for a
pleasure, often by a group of people particular purpose
Our school went on an excursion to Edinburgh Dad and I are going on a shopping expedition to
yesterday. But I didn’t go. London tomorrow.

116 VOCABULARY BANK

Unit 13 Feelings
1 uptight = worried or nervous, not able to relax 6 in high spirits = very happy, pleased
Don’t get uptight about the exam – it’s not really Look at her, smiling and singing – she’s in high
so important. spirits today!
2 down = unhappy, a little bit depressed 7 envious = wishing you had what another person
I got some bad news today, so I’m feeling a bit has
down right now. My friend Alex is going to Tahiti on holiday. I’ve
3 uneasy = slightly worried or uncomfortable always wanted to go there – I’m so envious!
about a particular situation 8 jealous = unhappy or angry because someone
I want to ask her to help me, but I know she’s might take something or someone that you love
very busy, so I feel a little uneasy. away from you
4 on top of the world = very happy I’m sure he likes my girlfriend – it makes me very
When I got the good news I was on top of the jealous.
world. 9 irritable = becoming angry or annoyed very easily
5 over the moon = very happy Be careful what you say to him – he’s very
I didn’t think my team would win, so I was over irritable today, he’s shouted at me twice already!
the moon when they did!

Unit 14 Reactions

1 to get goose-bumps 2 to cry for joy [happiness] 3 to throw your hands up in

[excitement, fear, anxiety] horror [shock, horror]

4 to bite your nails 5 to hide your face in your 6 to tremble [fear]

[nervousness] hands [fear, embarrassment]

7 to pull your hair out 8 to laugh out loud [amusement] 9 to frown [confusion,
[frustration, anxiety] unhappiness]

VOCABULARY BANK 117

 Get it ri ht!
Unit
Are these sentences correct? Put a tick () or
win and beat a cross (). Correct any errors.
Win is followed by the event you win – the game, 1 I would like to thanks everyone for their help.
match, competition, etc., or the prize.  I would like to thank…
Which team will win the championship this year? 2 A lot of students like to use online sources
She won first prize in the competition. rather than books.
Beat is followed by the person or team who are 3 I enjoy team sports, but I don’t like run and
the losers. athletics.
We beat all the other teams. Not We won all
4 I’d like to inviting you to stay with my family
the other teams.
for Easter.
5 Would you like to be the president of your
Complete the sentences with the correct
country?
form of win or beat. Remember, these two
verbs are irregular!
1 I’ve never beaten my brother at chess, but Unit 3
I keep trying!
2 Swimmer Michael Phelps eight gold Collocations: verb + time
medals at the Beijing Olympics.
You can spend time doing something.
3 Nadal became world number one after Nowadays, people spend a lot of time at a
the French Open. computer. Not …pass a lot of time …
4 Spain Holland 1-0 in the 2010 World You can say an activity takes time.
Cup final. In the rush hour, it can take a long time to get
5 Who do you think will the race? home. Not …it costs a lot of time …
6 Of course, it’s a bad result, but we’ll You can save time or you can waste time.
them next time. You’d save a lot of time if you did it
online. Not You’d spare a lot of time …

Unit 2 I don’t want to waste time waiting in for a

delivery. Not I don’t want to lose time …
And, if you enjoy yourself, you can say that you
like and would like have a good time.
Like is usually followed by another verb We had a great time in Paris. Not We spent a
in the gerund, especially to talk about an great time …
activity or a state.
My grandfather likes gardening. Underline the correct verb to complete
I’ve always liked being part of a big family. the dialogue.
It can also be followed by an infinitive, Jack: Did you 1 have/spend a good time in
especially to talk about a regular habit. London?
I like to read for half an hour or so before I Lily: It was okay, but we 2lost/wasted a lot of
go to sleep. time looking for somewhere to stay.
Would like is used to talk about future wishes Jack: Didn’t you book something before you went?
and is always followed by an infinitive. Lily: No, we thought we’d find somewhere
I’d like to visit Australia one day. Not easily, but it 3 cost/took a really long time.
I’d like visiting … We 4 passed/spent most of the first day going
We’d really like you to come with us. from one hostel to another. They were all
full! You can really 5 save/spare a lot of time
and money if you book in advance.

118 GET IT RIGHT!

Unit 3 Underline the correct phrase to complete
the sentences.
1 In the UK, you have to be 17 years old/17-year-
recommend and suggest
old to drive a car.
recommend and suggest can be followed by
2 He left school at 14 years age/the age of 14
a noun or another verb in the gerund form.
and started work in the family business.
The hotel receptionist recommended a local
restaurant. Not …recommended me … 3 She started riding when she was just six years
My teacher suggested using an online old/six year olds.
dictionary. Not …suggested to use … 4 It’s hard work looking after a two years old/
You can also use an object (a person) after two-year-old all day.
these verbs using the pattern: recommend/ 5 The club is for young people aged 12 to 18/
suggest (that) someone does… age from 12 to 18.
They suggested that we avoid the city
centre. Not …suggested us to avoid …
Notice that the second verb is usually in the
Unit 6
present simple in this pattern.
The environment
Underline the best verb pattern to complete The environment refers to the land, air and
the text. water where people, plants and animals live.
When I was planning my trip to the mountains, Be careful, you usually use it with the article
some people suggested 1that I try/to try skiing, the - and pay attention to the spelling - don’t
but others recommended 2to snowboarding/ forget the ‘n’ in the middle.
snowboarding. My uncle recommended 3 me Protecting the environment has to be our
a hotel/a hotel he’d stayed in, but my friends top priority.
suggested 4I stay/me staying in a hostel because You can also talk about environmental issues/
it’s more fun. Some websites recommended problems.
5
going/go to a big resort with lots of different In English, nature is used to talk very generally
runs, but some suggested 6to look/looking for about all the things that exist, that are not
places where the slopes are less crowded. made by people. You can’t say the nature.
Instead you can talk about the environment,
the countryside (= areas outside towns),
Unit 5 wildlife (= animals and plants that live in the
wild) or the natural world.
Talking about age He takes groups of kids out walking in the
countryside. Not …walking in the nature
You can use x-year-old as an adjective,
He teaches them about the local wildlife.
before a noun.
It’s great to see animals living in the wild,
47-year-old comedian Eddie Izzard
in their natural habitat.
Not 47 years old comedian …
You can use x-year-old(s) as a noun to refer
to a person of that age. Complete the text with one word from
a group of 15-year-olds Not a group of above in each space.
15 years old TV programmes about the 1 natural world
You can also say someone is x years old are very popular nowadays. There are some
(without hyphens) programmes that focus on 2 with
My sister is 12 years old. amazing images of animals in their natural
There are also several phrases that use habitat. They often highlight species that
the word age. are threatened in the 3 because
Most children start school at the age of five. of hunting or habitat destruction. Other
Children under 16 years of age must be programmes focus more on 4 issues,
accompanied. (quite formal) especially the effects of an increasing world
people aged 18 to 24 Not people of age population on the 5 .
18 to 24
the 18 to 24 age group
GET IT RIGHT! 119
 Unit 8 Match the two parts of the sentences
1 We use English at a languages: Italian
school, but my first and Greek.
may be or maybe
2 Many Swiss people b language is Hindi.
It may be cheaper to fly, but I’d rather go
can speak both French c language when
by train when possible.
may = modal verb + be = main verb p 3 My family are from they moved to
two words Martinique and the US.
my mother d from the age
Maybe we could go to the cinema for
your birthday. 4 At university, I studied of six.
maybe = adverb (like perhaps, possibly) p two foreign e and German
one word 5 My parents learnt fluently.
English as a second f tongue is French.
Complete the sentences using may be 6 In Norway, children
or maybe. start learning English
1 She loves travelling, so maybe a suitcase
would be a good present. Unit 0
2 It quite cold in the evenings, so bring
something warm to wear. In my opinion …
3 In some cases, it difficult to find the You can use a number of fixed phrases to
exact cause of the problem. express your opinion.
4 If you don’t like horror films, another In my opinion, celebrities shouldn’t get
film would be better. involved in politics. Not For/To my opinion …
5 Some experts believe that genes To my mind, the most important thing is to get
responsible for our personality. a balanced diet. Not In my mind …
6 The chances of success are only 20%. As far as I’m concerned, advertising on
websites isn’t a problem. I just ignore it.
As far as I’m concerned is usually used to talk
Unit 9 about things that directly affect you, not more
general issues.
Language You don’t normally use these phrases before
a verb that shows an opinion: think, believe,
The language you learn as a young child is your
agree, disagree, like, prefer.
first language, your native language or your
Personally, I don’t like people using mobiles on
mother tongue.
the train or bus.
I’m from Argentina and my mother tongue is
Not In my opinion, I don’t like …
Spanish. Not …my mother language …
She gave the speech in her native language,
Arabic. Are these sentences correct? Put a tick ()
or a cross (). Correct any errors.
You can call a language that you learn later a
second language or a foreign language. Or you 1 In my mind, both parents should be involved
can just say that you speak English, German, in childcare.  To my mind …
Chinese, etc. 2 In my opinion, it’s up to parents to monitor
The school specialises in teaching foreign what films their children watch.
languages. 3 As far as I concern, the new system is a huge
My first language is English, but I also speak improvement.
Russian. Not I also speak Russian language 4 To my mind, I disagree with fast food
advertising aimed at children.
5 E-books, for my opinion, will never replace
printed books.
6 This film, as far as I’m concerned, is the best
one he’s ever made.

120 GET IT RIGHT!

Unit Complete the text with the correct
preposition in each space or – if no
preposition is needed.
Comparisons What a journey! We got to Penang
You can use much more, far more and even more airport in plenty of time. When we got 1
to qualify a comparison, that is, to say how big the the check-in desk though, we found out our
difference between two things is. flight was delayed – by four hours! After lots
His second album was far more successful than his of cups of coffee, we finally boarded the flight
first. just after midnight and we arrived 2
I really like the chocolate ice cream, but the vanilla is Kuala Lumpur at about two o’clock in the
even more delicious. morning. We’d missed our flight to London,
With short adjectives that have a comparative form so we had to spend the night in the airport.
ending -er, just use much/far/even + cheaper, easier, We left at lunchtime the next day and after
better, etc. a 14-hour flight, we arrived back 3 the
Cycling to school is much cheaper than paying for the UK, extremely tired. When we got 4
the
bus. Not …much more cheaper than … airport station, we’d just missed a train! We
finally arrived 5 home nearly 48 hours
Complete these sentences with the after we’d started our journey!
comparative form of the adjective in brackets.
1 It’s quite warm now, but it’s even hotter Unit 4
(hot) in August.
2 Travelling First Class is far (comfortable).
Purpose
3 Maria seems much (happy) since she
You can use the to infinitive (to do) to
changed jobs.
talk about purpose.
4 Internet connection speeds are much Not everyone chooses a job just to earn
(fast) now than even five years ago. a lot of money.
5 My brother’s far (experienced) than me The Picture House is the best place to
when it comes to climbing. see independent films.
6 Of course, we need to recycle things, but it’s You can also use for + noun to talk
even (good) to create less waste. about purpose.
Not everyone chooses a job just for the
Unit 2 salary. The Picture House is the best
cinema for independent films.
Be careful not to mix the two
get and arrive + preposition structures.
In informal and spoken English, you often use Not Not everyone chooses a job just
get + to a place with the same meaning as arrive. for earning money.
We got to Berlin at midday.
We arrived in Berlin at midday.
With this meaning, get is always followed by to, but Underline the correct words.
the preposition after arrive changes depending on 1 Most people go to Cambodia to see / for
the type of place. seeing the temples at Angkor Wat.
arrive + in a town, city, country, etc. 2 Are you buying a new dress for go / for
When do you arrive in Japan? Not …arrive at Japan … the wedding?
arrive + at a building (the cinema, school, work etc.) 3 There’s plenty of space in order for / for
We arrived at the airport an hour early. people in wheelchairs.
Not …arrived to the airport …
4 You have to go to the post office
Remember, you don’t need a preposition before home. to collect / for collecting the form.
What time do you usually get/arrive home? Not get
5 You need a username and password to /
to/arrive at home …
for log on to the website.

GET IT RIGHT! 121

 Project
A class presentation: a special person

2 Prepare the presentation

a Create a mind map of
the main points you
want to cover in your
presentation.

b You are going to do

your presentation in
pairs. With your partner,
decide who is going
to talk about each point. Make sure you both have
interesting content to talk about.
c In pairs, rehearse the presentation. Give each other
Do your research feedback. Use these questions to help you:
What did you most like about your partner’s part(s) of
a Work in pairs. Make a list of the presentation?
‘special people’ you know who are
How could it be improved?
not celebrities (e.g. a local artist,
entrepreneur, writer, politician, Are there any suggestions on language you would like to
and other people who you feel are make?
special in some way). Discuss what Give each other feedback in a helpful way. Use phrases
is special about these people. like:
b Choose the person on your list What I really liked about your presentation was…
who you think would be the You could also include…
most interesting one for a class I found it difficult to understand what you said about…
presentation. Compare your Do you think you could give a concrete example of…?
choice with other pairs. Make sure
you’ve chosen different people.
3 The presentation
c With your partner, do some
research on the person you have a Each pair takes turns to give their presentation to
selected. Check what you can find the rest of the class. Meanwhile, your classmates
on the internet, in libraries etc., or write down questions they would like to ask the
try to arrange an interview with the person you are talking about.
person or with people who know
b You and your partner pretend you are the person
him/her well. Make notes on the
you gave the presentation about. Your classmates
key points. Here are some ideas:
take turns to ask the questions. If you don’t know
O What is unique about the person? the answer to a question, make one up as best
O What can you find out about the as you can, based on what you have learnt about
person’s life, interests, hobbies the person.
etc?
O What stories or anecdotes can 4 Closin up
you find about the person?
Make a list on the board of the most important
O What interesting quotations by
points when giving a presentation.
the person can you find or have
you recorded?

122 PROJECT 1
 Project 2
A group presentation: design a social initiative
or a charity

Do your research 2 Prepare the

a Work in groups of three or four. You are presentation
going to invent and plan a social initiative/ a Design a poster (or a website) to advertise
charity. First decide on who or what your your charity. It should clearly show your
group should support. Brainstorm ideas. initiative’s/charity’s name, its logo and
Do you want to help people, animals, or the slogan. Then it should show, both through
environment? Decide whether your group words and pictures, who you’re going to
is local, national or international. help and what you’re going to do. If you
b When you have agreed on an area, think have time, you could also make small
about what your group’s aim will be. What leaflets to hand out to people telling
sort of help will you offer? Make a list of them about your charity.
your aims.
b Prepare your presentation. Decide who
c Think of a name for your initiative/charity, is going to talk on each aspect of the
and of a short slogan that people will charity. Make short notes of the key
remember and that describes quickly, in no points you are going to talk about. In your
more than ten words, what your initiative groups, rehearse the presentation and
is all about. You could also design an eye- give each other feedback. Use the phrases
catching logo. from Project 1 to help you.

d Discuss how your group will work. Think 3 The presentation

about the following:
O How will you get other people to help you? a Groups take turns to give their
O Will you ask for money or for volunteers, presentation to the rest of the class. At
or for both? the end of each presentation, give other
students the chance to ask questions.
O How will you raise money? What sort of
fund-raising events will you organise? b Now it’s time to put your charity idea into
O What will you do with the money? Will you action. Good luck!
be able to give it all to the people you want
to help or will you need to keep some for 4 Closin up
operating costs or for buying equipment?
Choose the charity idea that you like best.

PROJECT 2 123
 Project 3
A multi-media presentation: a foreign country

Do your research c Make sure your presentation is carefully

structured. In the introduction, briefly tell
a Work with a partner. You are going to the audience what you are planning to
design a multi-media presentation about cover. In your conclusion you may want
a country. Choose a country (one that you briefly to sum up what you have said, or
think your classmates will be interested in, end with a question to the audience that
and perhaps don’t know very much about). you think will start a discussion. Make sure
your question is concrete, and does not
b Use the internet to research information
just ask for a Yes/No answer.
and make notes. Find out about:
O The country’s geography and climate: d Make sure that the font size you use is big
Are there any mountains / lakes / rivers / enough for your audience to be able to
places of particular interest? read it easily. If you use colour, make sure
What kind of weather does the country it’s a colour you can see well.
have at different times of the year?
e Don’t forget an overload of multi-media
O The people who live there: effects can distract your audience from
Are there many different ethnic groups? the presentation and annoy them, rather
What is/are the main religion(s)? than attract their interest.
What is/are the language(s) of the country?
What kind of clothes do people wear? f Rehearse your presentation to make sure
O Some aspects of the culture: it works well.
History (one or two important events
or phases) 3 The presentation
Politics (is it a democracy? a republic?
O Make sure you have enough time
a kingdom?)
before your presentation to set up the
Music, dance, literature, art
technology you are going to use (laptop?
c If you can, download: video projector? loudspeakers? screen?
whiteboard?)
O interesting images (map of the country,
photos of sights, typical places, people, etc.) O Give your presentation to the class.
O vodcasts (audio recordings)
O short, attractive video clips 4 Closin up
Think back over all of the presentations
2 Desi n your multi-media and highlight the positive aspects of using
multimedia in class.
presentation
a If you can, use professional software
to put your presentation together. If
necessary, find information on the internet
on how to embed images, audio files and
videos in your presentation.

b Make sure you have not got too much

text per slide. It’s better to have headings
and a few important words. Do not write
everything you are going to say – this is
not a reading-out-aloud exercise!

124 UNIT 14 3
PROJECT
 Project 4
A class survey and a report: health

Choose the area you 3 Write up the

want to research results
a You are going to carry out a survey to find out a Collate your results.
your classmates’ awareness of health issues. As a
class, make a list of topics you could ask questions b Add up the scores from the
about. These could include: questionnaires and work out the
average score.
O how healthy your classmates think they are
O level of information your classmates have about c Draw charts or graphs to illustrate
health issues some of the results.
O willingness to try alternative medicines (under what Health
conditions? against what illnesses? what possible 8

worries? etc.)
6

b In groups of three or four, think what sort of other 4

questions might be good to ask to find out more
about each other’s awareness of health issues. 2

Choose one person to take notes. 0

2 Prepare and carry out 4 Present your report

the survey Rehearse your report and then
a Using your notes, write questions for your present it to the class. Discuss your
questionnaire. Think about what type of questions results with the rest of the class.
you are going to ask, and what the scoring scheme
will be. Decide whether a high score will mean a 5 Closin up
high level of health awareness or a low one. Use
the example questions to help you: Choose the report which had the
most interesting results.
Yes/No questions
Do you think about what ingredients something
contains before you eat it?
Ranking
How often do you read articles about health
issues, or discuss health topics with your friends
or your family?
Open questions:
What could you do to live a healthier life?

b Decide which members of the class each of you is

going to interview. Carry out the survey and note
down your classmate’s answers.

PROJECT
UNIT 144 125
 Speaking exercises: Student B
and quiz answers
Unit 2, page 18, Exercise 1b Unit 3, page 27, Exercise 5
Are you a people’s person? Student B: Ask your partner these
1 a=2 b=1 c=3 questions and answer their questions.
Student A starts.
2 a=3 b=1 c=2
1 Do you ever have time to just sit around
3 a=1 b=3 c=2
and do nothing?
4 a=1 b=2 c=3
2 What do you do when you are doing a
5 a=3 b=2 c=1 test and you realise that you are running
5 – 7 points There are times when you would out of time?
really like to be more ‘open’ with other people 3 How much time do you spend shopping
and find ways of communicating with them, every week?
but you feel that something inside stops 4 Do you ever feel that you spend too
you. You don’t really like loud and extrovert much time on things? If so, what?
people. You have a small circle of friends –
being part of a bigger group makes you feel
uncomfortable. Maybe you need to become a
bit more confident! What you have to realise is Unit 4, page 32, Exercise 1
that there are lots of positive things about you.
– open your eyes and find them. And try to Solution to Magic Eye® image:
understand others better – that way you will
also understand yourself better!
8 – 12 points: You are a little shy sometimes,
but you don’t like being on your own for too
long. When people get to know you, they
enjoy your company and you enjoy being with
them. You care a lot about how other people
feel and you don’t like hurting their feelings.
This is what makes you popular with people
who know you. Maybe you should take a few
© 2011 Magic Eye Inc.
more risks occasionally and talk to people
who you don’t know very well. You might be
surprised at how many more friends you can Unit 14, page 105,
make that way!
Exercise 7
13 – 15 points: Wow! You certainly like being
the life and soul of a party! You love being Mostly A answers: You’re a film-maker’s
with others, and it is easy for you to make dream! Whatever reaction they want from
friends, But be careful – sometimes it is better you, they get it!
to listen to what others have to say, rather Mostly B answers: Perhaps you need to
than talking yourself all the time. You can lighten up a little at the movies?
learn more that way, and become even more
Mostly C answers: Why do you go to the
interesting through it!
cinema at all? It’s obvious that you’re just
not into films!

126 SPEAKING EXERCISES

 Irregular verbs
Irre ular verbs
Base Past Past Base Past Past
form simple participle form simple participle
bear bore borne shut shut shut
beat beat beaten sing sang sung
begin began begun sink sank sunk
bend bent bent sit sat sat
bet bet bet sleep slept slept
bite bit bitten speak spoke spoken
blow blew blown speed sped sped
break broke broken spend spent spent
bring brought brought spread spread spread
build built built stand stood stood
choose chose chosen steal stole stolen
cost cost cost stick stuck stuck
cut cut cut swear swore sworn
deal dealt dealt sweep swept swept
draw drew drawn swim swam swum
drive drove driven tear tore torn
eat ate eaten think thought thought
fall fell fallen throw threw thrown
feed fed fed wake woke woken
feel felt felt wear wore worn
fight fought fought win won won
find found found write wrote written
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
grow grew grown
hang
hear
hung hung
heard
Phonetic symbols
heard
hide hid hidden Consonants Vowels
hit hit hit /p/ pen // man
hold held held /b/ be /ɑ/ father
hurt hurt hurt /t/ two /e/ ten
keep kept kept /d/ do /‰/ thirteen
know knew known /k/ can /ə/ mother
lay laid laid // good /i/ sit
lead led led /f/ five /i/ see
leave left left /v/ very /υ/ book
lend lent lent /m/ make /u/ food
let let let /n/ nice /ø/ up
lie lay lain /N/ sing /Å/ hot
lose lost lost /s/ see /ɔ/ four
mean meant meant /z/ trousers
meet met met /w/ we
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood /l/ listen
overcome overcame overcome /r/ right Diphthongs
pay paid paid /j/ you /ei/ great
put put put /h/ he /ai/ fine
read read read /θ/ thing /ɔi/ boy
ride rode ridden /ð/ this /iə/ hear
ring rang rung /ʃ/ she /eə/ chair
run ran run /tʃ/ cheese /aυ/ town
sell sold sold // usually /əυ/ go
send sent sent /d/ German /υə/ pure
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot

IRREGULAR VERBS 127

 Thanks and acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank a number of people whose support Pearson Education for the adapted text on p. 100 ‘Great breakthroughs in medicine’ from
has proved invaluable at various stages of the planning, writing and ‘Medical Advances Timeline.’ Infoplease.
production process of the second edition of English in Mind. © 2000–2007 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease.
10 Feb. 2011 http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0932661.html;
The numerous teachers and students in many countries of the world The Telegraph for the adapted text on p. 102 ‘Movie therapy’ from
who have used the first edition of English in Mind. Their enthusiasm for ‘Movie therapy: Do you believe in the healing power of film? By Kate Corr, The Telegraph
the course, and the detailed feedback and valuable suggestions we got 3 November 2008. Copyright © Telegraph Media Group Limited 2008.
from many of them, have been an important source of inspiration and The publishers are grateful to the following for permission to
guidance for us in the development and creation of the second edition. reproduce copyright photographs and material:
We would also like to thank those teachers who gave up their valuable
time for interviews and focus groups. Key: l = left, c = centre, r = right, t = top, b = bottom, u = upper,
lo = lower, f = far.
Our editorial and production team at Cambridge University Press for
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their cooperative spirit, their many excellent suggestions and their
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dedication, which have been characteristic of the entire editorial process: p 89 (E), /©Directphoto Collection p 70 (l), /©Fresh Start Images p 14 (A bcl), /©Robert
Stephanie Collins, Hannah Thacker, Flavia Lamborghini, Chris Williams, Fried p 76 (tl), /©Glow Asia RF pp 18 (r), 48 (br), 70 (r), /©imagebroker pp 93 (cr), 116
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The team at Pentacor for giving the book its design; Anne Rosenfeld for p 28, /©Ashley Cooper p 116 (c), /©Lynn Goldsmith p 65 (t), /©Mike Hutchings/Reuters
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128