13 (relnarellbge Lie EraContents 1 Electrostatics 2 Electric Circuit 3 Domestic Electri 4 Electromagnetism 5 Electromagnetic Induction 6 Transmission of Electricity 34 43 59 nI 436 " 14 15 16 © stor Universe Pres 2010 Drilling a7 2 a7 22 eur 932 D A © D D A D c ‘Only electrons can be transferred between objects. Protons are trapped inside the nuclei and cannot be transferred between objects, Fe OQ - SXITW3 X10 = Greg ~ Gn(8.85 « 107)(0.2" >poswagO> 437 18 an 28 933 238 Urrouvuey 24 ‘The conducting tyres earth the tanker ‘The vector sum of the two forces points towards the right as shown, fof \fo (1X The signs of charge determine whether the force is atractive cor repulsive, The magnitude of the electrostatic force is not affected. [New Senior Secondary Physics at Work -337 x10 N 10 ais 20 228 30 235 > gate eoWB 4 cxcrosatics 2 17 2ndX Only electrons, but not protons, can flow between conductors. When a negatively-charged metal sphere is earthed, electrons flow from the sphere to the earth. p20. 6310) go tig 23 B= FeF ~ FaiBS x10) BxIOTY = 2% UNC fe Sx” yNct 24 Ba a Pgh SL XING 25 100 em? = 100 10° m? = 0.01 m? 2a 4 Q= Exe) XA = 100 8.85 x 10" x 0.01 = 8.85 x 10-7 C = Sande By B= Zand 26 (3) X The electric field 10 each other. ‘uniform only when the evo plates are close =O 2 (towards 27 ALX, Educ to M = GoTo = zea (towards the lef) lue to N= —2_-__@ towards the right due to N = =O = Gy (omar the sight - os ~ 2, = 32 towards the let ts VoreyL" GtmeyL? G4ne yh? {towards the lef) Q a B=o2,- 30. Toned? ~ GinecL? ~ Ganecl™ M=—2, (cowards the right ALY, E duc to M = £275 (towards the righ) (towards the left) B due to N = 2, (towards the ri B due to N= 2, towards the righ ig + Si = Se trowards the rs By = erst Fae = Tage Conard the right) By> Ex Ex 28 (1) ¥ The electric forces acting on the charges by each other are an action-and-reaction pair. (@) X This statement is true only when X and ¥ carry the same amount of charge. (8) X This statement is true only when Xis positive and Y is negative. -2. x __, 32 Vas” Tab asx io Oa) OY p= ¥ 2000 - 33 bY 2200 ioe [New Senior Secondary Phyaics at Work © Osord Univers Press 20035 The wie fields from the charges cancel each other out at X. 36 ByV= ee potenti X= pag maas EVO” mY 37 AV Field lines point towards a negative charge. Therefore, ws. By V= GO, the magnitude of V increases along the field 1e negative charge move from position R to position S is further away from X, and the charge of X be ~Q and. charge of the negative charge be -g = LONG) — COWa 1 moves away from X. © X- The charge is moving along an equipotent electric potential remains unchanged. DX We donot know what the el considering X alone. A charge is field. rie potential 1at affected by its own electric 38 Ist X The position of zero potential can be chosen ar Infinity lly chosen as the point of zero potential for convenience. ® Short questions 1 ha piece of wo rs 1A (Or other reasonable answers) 2 They repel each other 1A since they carry the same type of charge 1A 3 Increase the distance between the two charged objects 1A Reduce the amount of charge on the ewo charged objects. 1A 4 (@) Positively charged 14 Electrons are transferred from object B to object A. 1a Conductors are materials that allow electrons to flow through them easily. 1A, (© Orforé University Press 2010 [New Senior Secondary Physics at WorkWB cecrossaies 10 4 | Now Senlor Secondary Phys 8, copper deta (Or other reasonable answers) Beste = 2:25, ™ ~ 2x109C3 aaa: © 4n(8.85 x 10 )0.4)" aoe a asta ny The electric force increases. 1A Earthing means connecting an object to the earth through a conductor. 1A ‘When the metal sphere scared, the extra ow fo the earth A Bectreforce P= 22%, im rear in van 30° =F ™ on P 1.08 L Mass of $= Er = th = 0191 kp Van de Gta generator 18 When the ball touches the dome, i gains dhe same typeof charge fom the dome 1 Since ke charges pe, 16 Sparks are produced between the sphere and the dome. 1A This is because electrons jump from the dome to the sphere, 1A 1A 1A at Work © Otnd Univers Press 2010" 12 3B 14 © Oxo Universiy Pes 2010 (Correct field pattern) (Correct direction of field lines) (@) (Horizontal field lines) 1¢s pointing from positive plate to negative plate) es evenly spaced) (b) (Path deflected towards the negative plate) (a) Electric field strength f ino Se 1 = phn SKN rength = 2, (0) Electric field strength = 2 ____4x108 © FRB.85 x 1005) = 14d x 10°N (@). Surface charge density = 2 ~Bx10F a syeig* Cn = SU sx 108 Cm © Sx10% «J 385x107 = 1.6949 x 10° N C7 = 1.69 x 10° N CT 1A 1A qA qA 1A qA 1M 1A IM 1A IM 1A IM aA [New Senior Secondary Phyvics at WorkWB st cecscausics (©) Electric force = Ey = 1.6949 x 10° 3 x 10" = 5.08 N so ego F due toX = = 1.80 «10° N = 7190 N C* (towards the lef) Electric field strength at P = 1.80 x 10° + 7190 = 1.87 x 10° NC (towards the lef) (©) The neutral point must be between X and Y and co-linear with them, Let the neutral point be r away from X. 2x10" E ductox = 2X1 8x10" Freg0.9 =F [At the neutral point, the electric field from X and ¥ cancel each other out. 2x10" 8x10" “nee” ~ Tre(0.9=1" (09-4? ra 03m towards the right) E due to Y= (towards the left) The neutral point is 0.9 m away from X. 16 @ Vv ol , (Correct axes) (Correct graph) 1M 1A 1M 1M 1M 1A 1A 1M 1M 1M A 1A 1A 6 | New Senior Secondary Pysice at Work © Oso Unis Pros 2016Q (b) Blectre potential = 22 iM = 4x10" * GiB.85 x 10)(0.2) = 180 1A 17 (a). Potential difference = - 1M = $0010" _ ory 1A 5 (oy Bleed sengen = ot 10" _ 108 1 = 1 -0Ne 1A 18 (@)Sheis correct. 1A By ¥= 72, Vhalves ifr doubles. 1A Aner (0) Heis incorrect 1A =_2 is one fourth of the original value if r doubles. 1A ByE= Goa E fourth of the original de 19° (a) Blectric eld strength = negative gradient of the graph = 400 th 0025-6 = 16 000 N.C 1A (b) Let the potential at Pbe Vp O-V, —aat tage = 16 000 iM Vp=240V “The potential at Pis 240 V. 1A 20 (a). Gain in KE = loss in electric PE iM 10 = ga iM 10=02x£x001 E=S000NC" ‘The electric field strength is 5000 N C™ 1A, (6) Potential difference = = 1M = “02 =50V 1A © ono New Senor Scoary Psat WorWs cxsroice II Revision 1 sc 6 #10 B " ais A n16 420 B ant ‘The hot components cancel each other out, res ginan upward net force Baan. 8 Vue to WV due to X= G25 v = ee Vidue to ¥= V due Z=- 72, Overall potential = ~2+ 2 _Q___@ 10 By F=2%, “sree 8 | New Senior Secondary Physics at Work13. The vector sum of the force acting on Y is as shown: 14 Electric force F = Eq = + xq Kavork done ongeFd=Lxqede Vy K depends on the p.d. between the plates and the charge of g, but not the distance between the plates and the mass of q 45 AV After sharing, there is still a net charge of 0.3 C in the balls. ‘This positive charge is shared by the two ball BX Both balls carry positive charge after touching. Cx When the metal balls touch each other, electrons flow from the negatively-charged bal to the positively-charged ball, i. from Ytox. DX Since the balls cary the same kind of charge, they repel each other and so no force is needed to overcome the electrostatic force in order to separate them, 16 (1) X This cannot be determined from the question. @) X This is wue only ifthe sphere is positive before earthing 17 @) x Fora spheri ly symmetrical distribution of charge, Vis ives propo (Y=) ane Yor agi ia 2) XE =negative gradient of Vx graph = - 18 (1) J The spheres repel each other and so they must carry the same type of charge. (2) X By Newton’s third law of motion, the forces acting on the spheres by each other are equal and opposite even if they carry different amounts of charge. (8) ¥ Since both spheres are deflected by the same angle, E by tan 0 =£., where Fis the electric force between them, the spheres have the same mass, (© Ose University Press 2010 [New Senioe Secondary Physes at WorkWs cxcrosaice 19 AX Counter example: for two oppositely charged parallel plates The electric electric po 20 When the positively-charged rod is brought near the dome without touching it, negative charges are induced on the dome. When the rod 21 Ist X A neutral sphere is also attracted by a positively-changed rod. Conventional questions 1 iM 1A points downwards 1A iM 0.02 = 50.000 NC 1A ny, there is no net force acting on i. t 1M = 0,009 81 = "50 000 = 1.96 x 1076 iM Since the electric force points upwards, P carties negative charge. The charge of P is -1.96 x 10°. 1A 10 | New Senior Secondary Physes at Woek (© Ostord University Press 2010a (a) The forces from X and Z are of the same magnitude 1A but in opposite directions, 1A so they cancel each other out and there is no net force acting on, 1A Therefore, ¥ remains stationary. 1A (b) The force acting on ¥ by X does not change. 1A However, this becomes the net force acting on Y after Z is removed. 1A Therefore, ¥ will be attracted towards X (ic. move towards the lef) aA () ByE 1M s 7x10* electric field strength at X= Fee may = 6.29 x 10° N CT 1A lectric field strength at ¥ = ————7*10" __ FuB.BS x 1090.1 + 0.1 = 1.87 x 10°N aA (&) She is incorrect 1A ‘The equation V = Ed can be applied only when the is uniform. qA ‘The electric field produced by a charged sphere is not uniform. 1A @ ‘a (Positive induced charges on the tp side of foi) aA (Game amount of negative induced charges on the bottom side of fail) 1A (0) As the positive induced charges are closer to the rod than the negative induced charges, 1A the attractive force acting on the sluminium fol s greater than the repulsive force 1A © Oxo University Press 2010 [New Senor Secondary Physics at WorkWs cssronsice S (a) Structure X is a nucleus. 1A It is made up of protons 1A and neutrons. 1A (b) Particle Y is an electron. 1A It carries negative charge. 1A (©) A proton and an electron have equal and opposite charges. 1A In normal cases, an atom has the same number of protons and electrons. 1A 6 (2) (Free electrons in the sphere are repelled to the side far away from the rod. 1A ‘The protons remain in their original positions. 1A ‘The insulating support retains the charge on the metal sphere. 1A (®) @ Electrons 1A flow from the metal sphere to the earth. 1A Positive 1A We should disconnect the metal sphere from the earth before removing the rod. 1A 7 (a) Since the electron remains stationary, the net force acting, on it is zero. 1A ‘Therefore, the electric field strength at the position of the electron is zero. 1A (b) Distance between ¢ and Y= VO03"+ 0.0 = 0.05 m Q Electric field strength due to ¥ = 2-5 1M . 2x10" ~ Fx(G.85 x 107005) = 7.19 x10°NC" 1M The electric field strength due to Z has the same magnitude as that due to ¥ and their horizontal components cancel each other out, leaving only the vertical components. 12 | New Senior Secondary Pysis at Work © Orford Univesity Fr 200© = 2x 7:19 x 10x sin O = 2 7.19 x 10° x 3 = 8.63 x 10" NC (upwards) 1M ric fil strength is 0, the electric field strength due to X is 8.63 x 10" N.C downwards, a Ones FRIST COG” 8 * IO Q= 8.64% 10°C ‘The charge of X is 8.64 x 10°C. 1A Byv=72, IM Freer 8.64 x Vue to X= 7 due to X= Faas x 10 ey 2x10" tue to Y= V due to Z= 2x10" __ 3597 y V due to Y= Ve 10 2 = ae gags = 3597 Overall electric potential = 2590 + 3597 + 3597 iM = 9784 V = 9780 V 1A At minimum 9, sll the KE is converted to the ric PE so that the electric PE increases from a negative value to zero. Loss in KE = gain in electric PE IM 1 =W 1M41M yn =a yn f 20, = [20.6% 10" 9784) ~ 5.57 x 107 ms 9.1% 10" ‘The minimum value of v is 5:87 x 107 ms” 1A The two metal spheres carry the same type of charge and 1A repel each other qA ‘The repulsive electric force, tension and weight acting on the each sphere balance each, qA E . 2,0, ) By © = tan 30° and F= 22, 1M+1M 0 Bing Frey charge of B = MBAR = 0.5 x 9.81 x dex 8.85 x 10" x 0.1? x tam 30° 3x10 05 x 10% 1A (i) By mg = 7. ‘i IM tension = M2 - US*981 _ 5.66 N 1A cos 30" cos 30° [New Senior Secondary Physics 2¢ Work 3Ws cxcrossics Ibe atracted towards B. gains some charge from B. Then A and B carry the same type of change, so they repel each other and will keep balanced fi 9 (@) Electric force = Ey = 200% 0.3 = 60 N (b) Point M has a higher electric potenti (©) IfA is neutral, ly. et, yen %, potential difernce = E# = 200.602 = 40V APE = (Vy - Vudg = -40 x 0.3 = -12) The electric potential energy decreases for 12 J. @ the carpet that Clewer stepped on, the carpet in his car. (0) When changed, cotton and artificial fibres attract dust and get lated on a petrol tanker may produce sparks ignite petrol vapour, causing explosion, (Or other reasonable answers) cocopying, (Cr other reasonable answers) 1A 1A 1A 1A IM 1A 1A, IM 1A 1M 1M 1A, 1M 1M IM 1A 1A 14 1A 1A 1A © Onford University Press 2010I 31 436 aa 46 Electric Circuit Drilling Mutttiple-choice questions A «2D «3G a4 SA A a7 B a8 oc 10 8 D #12 B #13 B WA #15 C Booat7 DD wiB C18 B20 C D 422 D #23 Bam B 3c Boo a7 A 428 B29 D430 A Boo a3 C33 C4 C35 D Bo 937 C 3B A 39 Aw B A #42 A 243 DD mdh A as A DD oaa7 cc 48.8 om49 D450 D wurrent = 2 = 10 = Current = 2 = 107 = 0:17 Charge = ft = 10% 10 x 60 = 6000 C 1s ime taken = 2 = 28 = Time t i835 Q_ 8164 * No. of electrons = 22 = 141-625 x 10! elena e € 16x10" ne (© Oxlord Unresiy Press 2010 (1) X Electrons at every part of the circuit start to flow at the moment that the circuit is closed. Therefore, Ay and A, deflect at the same time, 2) x Current is the same at every part of a simple circuit. Therefore, the same amount of electrons flows through the ammeters per [New Senior Secondary Physics at Woek 1 5Ho crc rest " 12 13 15 16 7 18 19 20 22. 23 24. 27 28 Electrical energy = VQ= 3.7 x2=7.4J se a Pa.=F=Basy E740 Charge = £ = 240 = 100 ¢ Pad. across bulb B = ems. of battery ~ pd. across bulb =4-18.25v (1) X Exméis nota force even thou! @) x The unit of emfis Vor} C71 kind of energy. Ist A battery provides energy to electric charge. Surrent = Y = 220 Current = 7 = 220.2 12.2.8 stance = 4 = 33 - Resistance = 4 = 33 = 1.940 Resistance of the conductor = slope of the graph = =1002 Since Re |, resistance = 300 x 2 = 600 2 1 Since Re 1, resistance = Fp resist This is true only if the conductor obeys Ohm's law. 16 | New Senior Secondary Physics at Work © Oxted University Press 2010of a material is a constant. 30 Current = = R TepTOsA 31 32 33 34 35 = current through 4-@ resistor + current through 8-@ resistor =1s4$ 8 =225A 3's Current passing through 4- resistor = 36 Equivalent resistance R= 4 (E+ 2) =89 37 Pd. =IR=1,5x4=6V current through 4-9 resistor 2 38 Current = 1s 2 = 0.75 A 39 Pd. =IR=0.75x8=6V 40 Before closing the switch, 1=-L= 13 = 0.5 A 3 Alter csing he svc, y= (2+ 2)" 215.2 v us reLelSain Rois 7 New Senior Secondary Physi at Work | 17WB a erase cree 18 a 42 45 46 a7 49 50 [New Senior Secondary Physics at Work © oxdont Lo Rg=RERERHREAR ‘The circuit becomes short-circuited. All current passes through the lower path instead of the bulb. A ¢ When the switch is open, the equivalent resistance of the FY) decease ities, Teste ars (2) B ¥ _Nocurrent passes through X when the switch is closed ‘The current through X is greater than zero when the switch is opened. CY By V=IR, V decreases as I decreases. DX The pid. across X is zero when the switch is closed. The p.d across X is greater than zero when the switch is open, S. 38-034 ¥ R v_ 41s -¥- 1S coasa 7 R Voltmeter reading = em. of battery = 3 Since the three components are all connected in parallel, the voltages across them are the same. Therefore, the reading of the voltmeter is 3 V. vas _ Ia fa p= 0303. () Byes = IR +1, reading of voltmeter = emf. ~ Jr= IR = pd, across R 2) ¥ When R >> 5, IR >> Ir Ef. = IR + Ir~ IR = reading of voltmeter 3) ¥ When R increases, I decreases and Ir also decreases. Therefore, the reading of voltmeter (= e:m.f. ~ I) increases. ersty Pres 2010® Short questions 1 Charge = It = 2.5 x 30x 60 = 4500 C 2.245 A (accept 2.4.A or 2.5 A) 3 @ OSA Byr=8, Q ime taken = 2 time taken = 2 ea ds =208 ssVeot (Positive terminal of ammeter connect to posi (L-A terminal of ammeter is used) 5 (@) Energy = V0 25x10 =50) (0) Energy = 10= 5 216108 a8) 6 (@) Voltmeter / voltage sensor (© Oxi Unies Pres 2010 1M 1A 1A 1A 1M qA enmeter ve terminal of cell) 1A 1A IM 1A iM 1A 1A [New Senior Secondary Physics at WorkWB eco crcue ® 8 Amount of charge passing through the bulb = It = 05 x 10x 60 = 3006 9 (a) Charge = I =3x2x 60 =360C (&) Energy = av = 360 x 9 = 32405 (o) The connecting wires have no resistance, oe. 10. Resistance = 1 6 -&-n0 eos euoka wie v + cells, theostat and eureka wire in series) (Voltmeter in parallel to eureka wire) (Correct circuit symbols) (©) Mulimeter qA qA 1A 1A IM IM 1M qA IM 1A 1M 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 20 | New Senior Secondary Physics a Work (© Oxon Univesity Press 20(Come ata point w (Come nd ‘h (Vis ely spoon in ance ~lopo ph 3S 2520 i ase 1” 18. Tongs of he 1” tengo wre h Ths roe scone of he wie 1a 1) 0 Resin = BA ww “dione 109 =17x10°Qm 1A Gi, Rein onchange i” Hoppa 0) Resistance = p= 1.7104 = 408-0 rn (0 Hes cone rn Gas onl and oyper ia onder "A ‘The opposition to electric current of copper is much smaller ‘than that of glass. (© Oxiand University Press 2010, [New Senior Secondary Physics at Work | 21WB os cscs ort 1 1 al, 5 By Rat iM Reike Ry ly ae Resistance of Y= tex Ry = 15x 45 = 22.5.8 1A RA A Re Ay ba Resitane of =A ky = 2345 = 908 A 16 (a) Equivalent resistance = Ry + R= 10+ 15 = 25.0 1A ent =¥ (b) Current R 1M 12 =H -048.a 1A 17. (a) Equivalent resistance 1a IM A ) 2-Q resistor 1A 18 (@)_ Equivalent resistance of the bulbs =(24444)'-(0,1,2) Equivalent resistance ofall the bulbs =R+Ri+hp= 2444255 = 8.550 1A v © Current = % 1M =2e 355 = 140A 1A v 19 @ Current = ¥ 1M =6 3 =2A 1a 22 | New Senior Secondary Physics at Work © Oxiod Unies Pres 2010,w) ‘The brightness rem because the current ‘ough bulb A remains unchanged, 20 (a) The brightness of the bulb decreases. / The bulb goes out. a 22 23 (© Oxford Unressiy Press 2010 wb) @ o @ ) © ‘The resistance of the wire parallel co the bulb is almost zero. Neatly all the current passes through it instead of the bulb. When the switeh is closed, the current passes through the switch instead of bulb A. Therefore, the total resistance of the circuit is 3 “The brightness of bulb A increases because when the switch is opened, the current passes through bulb A instead of the switch ‘The brightness of bulb B decreases. “The equivalent resistance ofthe circuit increases when the switeh is opened. ‘Therefore, the current through bulb B decreases. Ra(h Ay -(b+t)-128 Ry” Re) (23 Current through X= 4 R = © Rize Ry LES “T2408 SISA Pad. across the combination = JR = 1.9 x 1.2=1.8V Pd across Y= p.d. across the combination of ¥ and Z Current through Y= = 18 = Current through ¥=% = 43 =0.9.A By emg, = IR + Ir, total resistance of the battery and ammeter _ game = IR = 820.2510 T =2a 0.25 qA 1A 1A 1A 1A 1M 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A IM 1M 1A 1A aA iM qA [New Senlor Secondary Piyses at Work 23We ects ret 24 a) The eading decrees A (The cl hs internal esitance 1, Sone energy st uo the eral retance when acurent pasts ough te cel a 25. Equivalent esitance of te cieit=¥ 1M oe “032 sine ™ ral esis ofthe volts be 706225128 os = “The ema ata fhe volun 9508, 1A II Revision P Multiple-choice questions arc a2 B 3A whC asc 46 B a7 A 8D «9D we aA @12C m3 A sD ais D e16 A @17 C8 Bw A 20 C a8 2 AX The energy stored in a battery is chemical energy. CX Bam. is the energy transferred to one coulomb of charge that passes through a battery. D xX This is true only if the resistor is the only component, connected to the battery. 24 | New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (© Oss Unies Press 2010,Re Since the bulbs are in series the current through B is the same as that through A aya Ye Ye Be Th ly On 6 Charge passing through A each second = I= 0.4 x 1 = 04 Energy transferred to A each second = VQ = 2x 0.4 = 0.8 v_ 4s ceding of the ammeter = ¥ = 1S = 0,54 7 Reading of the ammeter = = 5'S = 0S Reading of the voltmeter = IR = 0.5 x2=1V 9 The current J, hence the charge @ passing through the bulbs each second, are the same. By E= QV=QIR, E= R for constant Q and Since bulb S has the largest resistance, itis the brightest. 11. Slope = resistance of conductor “The one with the greatest slope has the highest resistance, 12 (1) x Protons do not flow. A current is a flow of electrons. YA Amey 2 414 When two resistors are connected in parallel, their eq must be smaller than the resistance of each of them. ‘Therefore, the equivalent resistance of the whole circuit decreases after the switch is closed. As che current passing through the main circuit increases, bulb B becomes brighter: By V'=IR, the pad. across bulb B increases. As a result, the p.d. across bulb 4 and thus the current passing through it decreases. Therefore, the brightness of the bulb A decreases. lent resistance © Oxon Univerty Press 2010 ‘New Senin Secondary Pysiceat Work | 25BB 2 eccire orevt 26 18 (1) 7 Some energy is lost due o the internal resistance ofthe cel ‘when 2 current passes through the cell @ ¥ Byemf=V+h, V=ems.—ir< ems. (9) 4 The cell and the resistor are connected in parallel 16 Byemsf.=V+lr, voltmeter reading = V= em. = Ir= 6-01 ‘The slope of the graph is -0.5 @ and the intersection on the V aais is 6 -V (emf of battery). 17. Current through the bulb = Rg Ls 7 nasa ByemeaVer, internal resistance = I=¥ _3e28 ut wos 18 In his set-up, che voltmeter measures the pd. across R (he. correct ¥) while the ammeter measures the earrent through both the voltmeter and R (ie. incorrect I). If the resistance of Ris much smaller chan that of the voltmeter, the error in the ammeter reading will be small, resulting in a more accurate, “The internal resistance of the cells does not affect the accuracy of ¥ and I 1B by Raph Re 1 for same ,p and V, [<1 fx Aa 7 cs L pand V, To fm AE = Se a 20. Snd# The psn th stor connec in pes fe same re cure = re scodng oth eran [New Senor Secondary Physics at Work (© sir Universi Press@ Conventional questions 1 (a). Resistance = slope of graph 225-0 ow (Slope halved) (Graph passes through origin) v Current = £ wy “ee = 075A Pad, across each bulb = IR = 0.754 =3V ‘The other bulb also goes out because the circuit becomes open. ) 6V ‘The other bulb is not affected since the voltage across it remains unchanged. © Oxon Ur 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A qA [New Senior Secondary Physos at Wore 27WB 2 cate crae 3 fa) _batory | (One bulb in series wit (The other bulb in pa and ammeter) ammeter and battery) to the series combination of bulb © 1us the equivalent resistance of the circuit, decreases ‘The sliding contact should be on the right end to maximize its resistance so that the current through the circuit is the minimum, This prevents overloading. 5 Measure current, voltage, and resistance, 28 | New Senior Secondary Physics a Work 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A qA 1A 1A 1A 1A qA qa 1A6 © - {tH = P= (Vv tal wire in series) 1A 1a 1A &) O v ‘ i i > o —+— wm ce os oe a (Correct axes) A (Correct scales) 1A (Correct data pins) 1A {Correct stright lnepessing origin iA Resistance = slope of graph = 51> iM -t0a 1A (© Oto University Press 2010 Now Senior Secondary Physics at Work | 29Bo ceric crit 7 @ © © 8G) © 9 @ 30 | New Senior Secondary Paynes at Work ov ‘The internal resistance of the battery is not negli circuit If the other switch is also closed, the equivalent resistance of the circuit decreases. ‘Theor the amen («¥) rough eee nee and so does the voltage drop (= Ir) due to the internal resistance. Asa result, the voltmeter reading (= e.mf. ~ Ir} decreases. He is incarreet. ‘The em, of the battery remains unchanged, ‘The decrease in voltmeter reading (terminal voltage across the battery) when the switch is closed is due to the intemal resistance of the battery. @ Shes correct, By eam.€. = IR + Ir, the voltmeter reading = emf. ~ Ir= IR = pad, across R Gi) ris comparable to R. ‘The apparatus should be connected as shown: ower supply etal re (Correct diagram) ‘The voltmeter measures the correct pad. across the wire. ‘The ammeter measures the total current through the wire and the voltmeter, Since the resistance of the wire is low, most of the current passes through the wire instead of the voltmeter. ‘Therefore, the error in the ammeter reading is small ‘The retanc an be led by k= 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A qA qA 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A © extort Uatesty Press 2010,10 1" © Osint University Press 2010 (b) The apparatus should be connected as shown: power suply (Correct diagram) ‘The ammeter measures the correct current through the wire. ‘The voltmeter measures the total p.d. across the wire and the ammeter. Since the resistance of the wire is high, the p.d. across the ‘wire is much larger than that across the ammeter. ‘Therefore, the error in the voltmeter reading is small v ‘The resistance can be calculated by R =P. @ ByVEIR, pad. across A = 0.37 x 10=3.7 V pad. across F = 0.37 x 20=74V (&) Pad. across the network = 12-3.7-7.4=0.9V (© Current through resistor = J— Iu ~ Jy aa 037-4 OR Re 03 03 = 037-03 08 ‘a 12° 6 = 014s A (@) Rot Rp 09, 2 R= Ip os Resistance of resistor D = -4=2210 v_ 09 fe) Equivalent resistance = ¥ = 02 2.43.0 (@) Equivalent resistance = P= 2; = 2.43 “The resistance of the rheostat is 39 @. qA 1A qA 1A 1A 1M 1A 1A 1A 1M 1M 1A 1M 1A aA 1M 1A [Now Seioe Secondary Phys at Work| (b) (When the switch is closed, the equivalent resistance of the circuit decreases. ‘Therefore, the current passing through bulb R increases. (ii) Equivalent resistance of bulbs P, Q and S 1 iy 1 1 ~(gtr me) -(eeta) 482 Equivalent resistance ofthe whole circuit = 396495 485200 (i) Current = ¥ - 6. 011544 0.115 A R320 (iv) Ped. = IR = 0.1154 x39 = 450 (0). Increase the resistance ofthe rheostat (Or other reasonable answers) 12 @ © Came irough the bub = ¥ =S 20258 *3e1 Reading of voltmeter = IR = 0.25 x 5 = 1.25 V (i) Let the equivalent resistance of voltmeter and bull be Rand the current through the main circuit be I’ ro(2.4) (Lay. (ed) =a) -a0 1s, f “Rer 33341 sail Reading ofthe volumeter = /R’ = 0.346 x3:33 145 V Let the equivalent resistance of voltmeter and bulb be 2B and the current through the main circuit be” A (esa) ome Is = 0.260 A Test Reading of the voltmeter = I”R” = 0.260x 4.76 = 1.24 V (b) A voltmeter with a larger internal resistance gives a more accurate result. 13. (@) Reading of Vi = IR =0S%8 a4v qA qA IM 1A 1A 1A 1A 1M 1M 1A 1M IM 1A 1M 1M aA IM 1A 32 | New Senior Secondary Physics a Werk (© Oxf Univer Pose 2010(b) Assume that the ammeter and voltmeter are ideal qA Byemd.=V +r 1M $=4+05r r=29 ‘The internal resistance is 2. 1A (© @_ Remains unchanged aA Gi). Since 2000 @ >> 2 Q, the internal resistance of the power supply is negligible. 1A Reading of Vi = 5 V 1A i) She is correct, 1A vis 3 Current =F = sapeog = 25 x 107 A 1A As the reading is very small for an ordinary ammeter, it shows zero reading, qA @ veo 1A v 1A 14 @) (Electrons aA ) Short circuit 1A i) The current through the wire is very large since its resistance is low. 1A ‘The wire may overheat and cause a fire. 1A (b) The resistance of a load is much larger than that of a wire, 1A. Sie the en ware fam he bey = VO= Ww 2, 1A the larger the resistance, the longer the time needed to, transfer a certain amount of energy. 1A (© Oxon Univesity Press 2010 [New Senior Secondary Physics ae Work | 33| 3 Domestic Electricity I Drilling D Multiple-choice questions ae 20 08B 4B oS D 46 7B 8A 9B A ANB #2 D si A wi A 158 wD 7c BA WD wD am A 20 BB sen 2c 2D 7B wA 2D wD aC 32 CAC E _ 180000 -Ee = 100 Pot + 30x60 P 100 | 4 22-100 o4ss.a Vv? _ 220° =% 2220 _so70 5 Ra 2 oy 6 Energy = Pe = 800 x 30 x 60 = 1.44 MJ vse RSe243e4 P2PR=0857' x 4=2.94W 9 By P=PR, Po R for constant [. ‘The resistance of bulb @ is the smallest and so its power is also the = 0857 A smallest ‘Therefore, bulb Q is the dimmest, 10 Pat? ___toaw RSa243048 34 | New Senior Secondary Physics at Work. © cxf Unversity Press 2010Ge 11 By P=, Px HE for constant V. ‘The resistance of bulb Q is the smallest and so its power is the largest. Therefore, bulb @ is the brigh v 12 By P=“, otal power = 42 = 185 W is 43. Energy = Pr= 400 x 5 = 2000 Wh=2 kWh Cost of electricity = 2 x 0.9 = $1.8 v2 _ 2208 sistance of hairdryer = 4 = 220 — 40.3.0 14. Resistance of hairdryer = 4 = 22E" = 40.3 ve YEU Power = 5 = 175 = 300 W 21 Appliances in stand-by mode still consume electrical energy. The PI y ergy. switched off when not in use. 31 Pp urrent passing through one light bulb = 2, = 6 = 0.273 A 32 Current passing through one light bulb = +5 = 355 = 0273 fo, of bulbs = —S— = 18.3 No. of bulbs = 7355 = 18 [At least 19 bulbs are needed to blow a S-A fuse in the main circuit = apy 7 50 He X The potet @) x Anac. reverses ial of the n ral wire is always zero, ction of flow continuously. ® Short questions Irs 1 fa) Power = 1M t 1.04 10: 1A = 20 w [New Senior Secondary Paysis at Work | 35Ws crisis ect 36 | New Senior Secondary Paysis at Work aie ) Current = £ = 20. -2-oaa (0) nergy = =80x1= 80) He Ligh coeny (@) Power = VI soxae nw 0 Resisance = Y vite S30 (Power = /"R =(2) x3 -(2) xa-aw wan wo mead, pover ofbutb «122 96W 15 power of (b) Bulb A is brighter. Care’ pningtrngh the iit = ¥ v 15 +20 = 0.343 A, By P=FR, power of bulb A = 0.343? x 15 = 1.76 W power of bulb B = 0.343? x 20 = 2.35 W (b) Bulb Bis brighter. ent (@) Power =£ 210% 3 soo Ww 0(b)_ Resistance = = 22 9680 (@ 09g = $2 kWh =025 kWh Cost per kWh = 22 = $0.8 7 Joulemeter Energy = Pe = 2500 x 2 = $000 Wh =5 kWh (W) Cost = 0.9 x5 = 84.5 current flows backwards and forwards in a circuit wrrent flows in one way. 10 snsures that no part of the electrical appliance is st when the switch is open 11 @) Fuse (b) It breaks the circuit when too much current flows through it. he fau 12 Do not replace a fuse that blew traced and put rj Never switch appliances on and off with wet hands, (Or other reasonable answers) X: earth pin ¥: newt Zs live pin (@) Tr opens the ‘shutters’ a socket. ‘This design also ensures that the earth wire is connected before the live wire. 1 holes of live and the n 1 12k 750 = 20.3414 220 ‘The 5-A fuse is s le for this cooker. 1M 1A 1M 1A aA qA 1M 1A 1M 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A qA 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1M 1M qA [New Senor Secondary Physics at Work 37Ws comes tncriy 15 Any two of the following: 2x1A Appliances connected to different sockets can operate at the same voltage, The failure of any socket does not affect the others. ‘Thinner and cheaper cables can be used. B 42D #3 B 4D #5 A B a7 C68 B 9B mA D #12 C «13D «ata c 15D Energy supplied to the bulb is converted to heat and light energy. Energy dissipated as heat each second = energy supplied ~ light energy = 60x 1 - $0 = 10 Energy dissipated as heat in 2s = 10x 2=20) Energy = Pt = 2200 x 1 x 3600 = 7.92 MJ v? _ 220° Resitnce = = 220 29 ayr-8, current drawn bythe gt bul = 120-0455. current drawn by the hier = 1090 909 a current dawn by theron = 2000 45 4 current dawn by the ttle» 200 «18.24 2) X Ifthe fuse is placed in be ‘live’ even if the fus the appliance wil is can be dangerous. 38 | Now Senior Secondary Physics at Work. © Oxiord Universi Press 20167 By P=, Px for constant R Pa, Bo = aw Ve v= 8 Energy = Pr = (150 + 400 + 2000) x 5 =12750Wh = 12.75 kWh Cost of electricity = 12.75 x 0.9 = $11.5 Ene 108.. wavy v=2-4%- tov af, 10, ay R-f-UM-110 ” @) x ByP =X, Pm V* for constant R. Therefore, P increases by 4 times as V doubles (ifthe fuse does not blow). 11 (1) ¥_Itis dangerous to touch a person receiving an electric shock. @) % This prevents current from passing through you as wood is a good insulator. 12 (1) X They have the same power when they operate at their rated voltages. At 220 V, the power of kettle B is larger (if the fuse does not blow). ave av pyP=¥, = 220 949 resistance of heating clement of ketle A = 220° = 24.2.0 = 2108 resistance of heating element of kettle B = 210" = 6,05 a @ ¥ ByP=v, current through Kettle 4 = 2000 current through Kettle A = 2000 = 9.09 A ‘current through kettle B= ae =182A (© Ostend Universy Press 2010 [Now Senor Secondary Physic at Work | 39WB 5 vamestc Beary 14 Conventional questions 40 | New Senior Secondary Phyrice at Work © onont Power of bulb X= 2 = 12 = 24w Rk 6 v1 Current through bulbs Vand Z= 4 = 712 = 1.24 Power of bulb ¥= 1° = 1.2" x4=5.76 W Power of bulb Z = PPR = 1.2? x 6 = 8.64 W (@) (@ The bulbs are connected in parallel (The bulbs are connected in series. (6) The bulbs are connected in series, Loe @) Power =2 «4 =2xie = 288 W vet () Power = Rg = 700+ 700 972 W () Earth wire Fuse (b) The earth wire connects the metal body of an appliance to the earth to protect people from electric shocks in case an electric fault occur A fuse will melt and break the circuit when too much current flows through it (@) Energy = Pt 2000 x 8 16 000 W hy 16 KWh (0) Cost = 160.9 = $14.4 aA 1A 1A IM 1A 1A 1A aA 1A 1A 1M 1A 1A ives Pass 2010