LEARNING MODULE

FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTANCY
AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 1
The Notre Dame of Masiag, Inc.
Grade 12, Quarter 1

Name ___________________________________________________

Section ___________________________________________________

Subject Teacher MRS. LANY T. CATAMIN

Class Adviser MRS. THELMA S. LANADO

FOR PRIVATE USE ONLY

In the Notre dame of Masiag, Inc.,
Strictly not for Public Circulation
 Quarter 1
INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING
Introductory Part

Overview & References

This is an introductory course in accounting, business and management data analysis that
will develop your appreciation of accounting as language of business and an understanding of
basic accounting concepts and principles that will help you analyze business transactions.
“Is accounting important to you?” Accounting delivers financial information to different users
through financial statements. It gives business owners the chance to analyze the overall efficiency
and effectiveness of their business operations.

Anastacio, Ma. Flordeliza. Fundamentals of Financial Management (with Industry Based

Perspective).( Manila: Rex Book Store, 2011).
Gilbertson, Claudia. Fundamentals of Accounting. 8th ed. (Australia: Cengage Learning, 2010).
Padillo, Nicanor, Jr. Financial Statements Preparation, Analysis and Interpretation.
(Manila: GIC Enterprises, 2011).
Pefianco, Erlinda C. The Accounting Process: Principles and Problems. (Makati: Goodwill
Trading, 1996).
Young, Felina C. Principles of Marketing. (Manila: Rex Book Store, 2008).

WEBSITE
Bytt Sprak.”Inspisere bøker”. Publicdomainvectors.org. Accessed July 30, 2020.
https://publicdomainvectors.org/no/gratis-vektorbilder/Inspisere-b%C3%B8ker/69
444.html.
“Clipart house diagram”.WebStockReview. Accessed date July 30, 2020.
https://webstockreview.net/pict/getfirst.
Corsair‟s Publishing. “An Uncollected History of Feedback”. Medium Circa Navigate.
February 10, 2016. https://circa-navigate.corsairs.network
Page | 33
/an-uncollected-history-of-feedback-6 48dff27d94a.
“Datei:Shokunin businessman.svg”. Wikipedia. Accessed date July 30, 2020.
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Shokunin_businessman.svg.
deko.bakimparasiyataniller.net. Pinterest. Accessed date July 30, 2020.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/639651953309372765/.
“Empty Female Boutique High-Res Stock Photo”. Getty Images. Accessed date July
30, 2020. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/
empty-female-boutique-royalty-free-image/157586327.
“Free building icons png, BUILDING images - Free”. PNG and Icons. Accessed date
July 30, 2020. https://www.iconspng.com/.
“Free Images : child, reading, book, girls, education, toddler. PxHere. Accessed date
July 30, 2020. https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1450659.
“Friends Talking Icon”. Designtrends. Accessed July 30, 2020.
https://www.designtrends.com/graphic-web/icons/human-icons.html.
23
“I can provide you 200 buy and sell groups”. 199 Jobs. Accessed date July 30, 2020.
https://199jobs.com/jobs/admin-office/provide-you-200-buy-and-sell-groups/.
“I COMPLEMENTI: COSA SONO?”. Focus Junior. Accessed date July 30, 2020.
https://www.focusjunior.it/scuola/italiano/analisi-logica/complementi-cosa-sono-c
osa-servono/.
“Illustration Kids Clipart Free Photo”. Needpix.com. Accessed date July 30, 2020.
https://www.needpix.com/photo/1153751/illustration-kids-clipart-graphics-the-cla
ssroom-materials-teaching-materials-study-of-students.
“Książka Rysunek Dla Dzieci”. Jing.fm. Accessed date July 30, 2020.
https://www.jing.fm/iclipt/Jxhiw/.
“New Lenovo 110-15ACL 15.6" AMD A6-7310 Quad-core 4GB 500GB DVDRW
Ideapad Black”.Ebay. Accessed July 30, 2020.
https://www.ebay.com/c/24011372739.
“New MFS-4 SSE Installation”.Southern Pine Construction Company | Bacolod City |
Philippines. Accessed date July 30, 2020.
http://southernpineconstruction.com/project-list/item/114-new-mfs-4-sse-installati
on?tmpl=component.
“New Trends Updates for Ready-to-Fill Pastry Market by 2025| Pidy Gourmet NV,
Royal Smilde BV, Wallbridge Company Ltd., Bells Professional Pastry”.
KDMArketResearch. Accessed date July 30, 2020.
https://teletype.in/@kdmarketresearch/rkNaR5xlL.

Definition of Terms
 Accounting. It is a systematic process of
identifying, recording, measuring, classifying,
verifying, summarizing, interpreting and
communicating financial information.
Accounting is a service activity.
Accounting provides assistance to decision
makers by providing them financial
reports that will guide them in coming up with
sound decisions.
Accounting is a process.
A process refers to the method of performing
any specific job step by step
according to the objectives or targets.
Lessons and Coverage(Module Learning Competencies)
Lesson Topic/Title You’ll learn to… Estimated
No. Time
Lesson 1 Impending signs of Discuss the different geological hazards 2 weekS
landslides and  Analyze the causes of geological hazards
sinkholes  Recognize signs of impending geological
hazards.
 Interpret geological maps.
 Apply mitigation strategies to prevent
loss of lives and properties.
Lesson 2 Hydrometrological  Recognize signs of impending 1 week
Hazards hydrometrological hazards
 Interpret different metrological hazards
maps
 Use available tools in monitoring
hydrometrological hazards.
Lesson 3 Fire Hazards  Recognize elements of the fire triangle in 2 weeks
different situations
 Analyze the different causes of fires
 Observe precautionary measures and
proper procedures in addressing a fire
incidents
 Follow fire emergency and evacuation
plan
Lesson 4 Disaster Risk  Discuss the key concepts, principles and 2 weeks
Reduction elements of DRR
 Recognize the importance of DRR on
one’s life
 Discuss the different community-based
practices for managing disaster risk to
specipic hazards.
 Develop community preparedness plan
 Prepare survival kits and materials for
one’s family and for public information
and advocacy.
Lesson 5 DRRM  Explain DRR-related laws and policies 1 week
Expected Skills
To do well in this module, you need to remember and do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Module Map
Here is a simple map of the lessons you will cover in this module:

OTHER GEOLOGIC HAZARDS

HYDROMETROLOGICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARDS

CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES OF

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

COMMUNITY –BASED DISASTER

RISK REDUCTION

Lesson 1.1
OTHER GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
(LANDSLIDE)

INTRODUCTION

During the rainy season, we often see on TV or hear on radio tragic news of
families and even communities buried in landslides. Some of us may have even watched
vodeos on YouTu lbe about a large volume of murky water rushing down sloping terrain at a
fast rate, carrying houses, cars, trees, boulders, and other laroarge debris. As we observe
these natural phenomena take place around us, we ask the questions: Why do landslides and
debris flows occur? Is there a way that these disaster can be avoided? How can we better
prepare ourselves should disaster such as these occur in our locality? It is perfectly rational
and highly relevant to ask these questions, to gain more information on how to keep
ourselves and our families safe from these disaster. In our previous lesson, we have already
discussed volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, which are the two major geologic hazards
based on their high potential magnitude and destruction. In this module, we will discuss the
other geological hazards that we encounter in our life.
It is an extreme natural events in the crust of the earth that pose a threat
to life and property, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis (tidal
waves) and landslides.

OBJECTIVES/COMPETENCIES – ESTIMATED TIME

 Discuss the different geological hazards 3 hours
 Analyze the causes of geological hazards 1 hour
 Recognize signs of impending geological hazards. 1 hour
 PRE-ASSESSMENT
Before we embark on this journey, let’s find out how much you already know about
the topic in this Module through the following exercise.
Activity 1– PRE-ASSESSMENT1
Let us begin our activities by determining your prior knowledge of the lessons you are
about to study.
Directions: Read each item very well and choose the best answer. Write your
answers on your activity/assessment notebook. Entitle your work Q2-Lesson 1-
Activity 1-Preassessment 1.
1. What factor allows the force of gravity to overcome the resistance of earth
material to landslide?
a. Saturation by water C) steepening of slopes by erosion
b.Loosened stones D) Both A and B
2.Landslides are often associated with _ ?
a. El Niño C) Periods of Humidity
b. El Niña D) Periods of Intense Rainfall
3. Typhoon “Sendong” was known internationally as ?
a. Typhoon ‘Washi’ C) Typhoon ‘Haiyan’
b. Typhoon ‘Bopha’ D) Typhoon ‘Yolanda’
4. Minimization of risks – is a term which means?
a. Geological Processes C) Creation of TWG
b. Hazard control D) Create a small group
5. It is important to know the following when reading the map.
a. Symbols and Scale C) Direction
b. Distance D) All of the above
6. Geologic hazards includes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and ?
a. Sinkholes C) Rain-induced landslides
b. Wildfires D) Both A and C
7. A geological hazard that is characterized by caving in of the ground is called?
a. Sinkholes C) Mudslides
b. Earthquakes D) Landslides
8. Which item below is not included in preparing for an emergency?
a. Spare Batteries C) Whistle
b. Medicine Kit D) Ball
9. How many typhoons in a year passes through the PAR?
A) 20 C) 30
B) 28 D) 38
10. When you are caught in a landslide, you should?
a. Lay flat on the ground C) rescue someone
b. Move slowly away D) Move out quickly from the debris path
 INTRODUCTION
This section demonstrates an understanding about the different geological hazards that
will take place in times of calamity. These are natural phenomenon and no one can ever stop
this event if it occurs unpredictably. "Hazard always arises from the interplay of social and
biological and physical systems; disasters are generated as much or more by human actions
as by physical events." (Geographer Gilbert F. White, the “father of floodplain
management”).
Geological hazards are a natural phenomenon that causes devastating loss of life and
property all over the world. Equally disastrous geological hazards happen due to human
induced activities like the expansion and development of cities of which are directly or
indirectly committed by humans. Other related geological hazards that commonly strike the
Philippines are rain-induced landslides and sinkholes.
MOTIVATION
Before the lesson proper, we will first review and get oriented to the words and
terminologies commonly used in this lesson. How do we do this? Let us perform activity 2.
Activity 2– CROSSWORD-WORD PUZZLE
Direction:Find and encircle the words in the cross-word puzzle. Write your answer in your
Acivity/Assessment notebook. Label your answer Q2-Lesson 1-Activity 2.
H U M I D I T Y N O
R A I N F O R E S T
Z E H C N A L A V A
A L A G O M Y B N M
G P B R Z I R I L C
L P A W U H U H J B
K O G J K A U K L I
I T A Y T N E V M O
O Q T Z D R A Z A H
S E D I L S D N A L
P Y G O L O E G H M
S C O V L I H P B A
T M Q W P V D S U C
1. HAZARDS - is any object, situation, or behaviour that has the
potential to cause injury, ill health, or damage to property or the
environment.
2. GEOLOGY - is the study of the earth ( geo means
earth, and ology means study of).
3. PHILVOCS - The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIlLVOLCS) is a service institute of the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) that is principally mandated to mitigate disasters
that may arise from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami and
other related geotectonic phenomena.
4. RAINFOREST - is simply an area of tall, mostly evergreen trees and a
high amount of rainfall.
5. HABAGAT - (southwest monsoon) is wind that brings heavy rainfall
that results in floods during the wet season.
6. AMIHAN - is the Filipino term of Northeast monsoon, which is a cool
and dry northeast wind coming from Siberia and China and blows
down to Southeast Asia.
 7. HUMIDITY - is defined as the amount of wetness or water vapor in the
air.
8. LANDSLIDES - the movement downslope of a mass of rock, debris, earth,
or soil (soil being a mixture of earth and debris).
9. TOPPLE - to (cause to) lose balance and fall down.
10. AVALANCHE - a large amount of ice, snow, and rock falling
quickly down the side of a mountain.
FIRM UP

LANDSLIDE

According to PHILVOCS – landslides frequently occur in the country because of its

geologic and climatic factors. On climatic factor, Philippines has a ‘tropical rainforest
climate’ all over the country due to its strategic location on the planet. Though some
rainfall can be expected in every month, rainfall differs greatly throughout the year. From
June-October, heavy rains come that which the people refer to as ‘its raining cats and
dogs’. The influence of the southwest monsoon (Habagat) is very clear. In the period
starting December – May there is no monsoon anymore. The wind, referred to as ‘trade
wind’, is coming from the northeast and brings hardly rainfall. The monsoon is a very rainy
wind coming from the southwest. The wind ‘Amihan’ coming from the northeast, is
dominating in the period December- May. It’s rather ‘dry’ wind and brings hardly any
rainfall. Another factor that causes landslides is its Climatic condition. Try to look at the
illustrations below of the actual landslide event in some parts of Cagayan de Oro.
What is a landslide? The word “landslides” describes a wide variety of processes that
result in the downward and outward movement of slope-forming materials including rock,
soil, artificial fill, or a combination of these. The materials may move by falling, toppling,
sliding, spreading or flowing.
How can nutrients flow well in thebody?

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSLIDE

etach from a steep slope along a surface on which little or no shear displacement has occurred. The material then descends

mainly rolling by falling,

bouncing,or usually downwards.
Rockfallsare triggered by
earthquakes.

A topple or tumble is recognized as the

forward rotation out of a slope of a mass of
soil or rock material around a point or axis
below the center of gravity of the displaced
mass. Toppling is sometimes triggered by
water (rainfall) in a displaced mass.

This is a land slide of which the head of the

displaced material may move almost
vertically downward, and the upper surface
of the displaced material may tilt backwards
toward the scarp. If the slide is rotational
and has several parallel curved planes of
movement, it is called a
 Spreads may result from liquefaction or flow
( and extrusion) of the softer underlying
material.

A Schematic Illustration of a Lateral Spread.

Image source: c1325_508.Handbook.pdf

A flow is a spatially continuous movement in

which the surfaces of shear are shortlived,
closely spaced, and usually not preserved.
The component velocities in the displacing
mass of a flow resemble those in a viscous
liquid. Often, there is a gradation of change
from slides to flows, depending on the water
content, mobility, and evolution of the

Debris avalanches are essentially large,

extremely rapid, often open-slope flows
formed when an unstable slope collapses
and the resulting fragmented debris is
rapidly transported away from the slope. In
some cases, snow and ice will contribute to
the movement if sufficient
A debris avalanche thatwater
buriedisthe
present,
village of Guinsaugon, Southern Leyte, Philippines, in February 2006. (Photograph
and the flow may become a debris flow and
(or) a
 Earthflows can occur on gentle to moderate
slopes, generally in fine- grained soil,
commonly clay or silt, but also in very
weathered, clay-bearing bedrock. These
type of landslides can range from very slow
(creep) to rapid and catastrophic. Triggers
include saturation of soil due to prolonged
or intense rainfall, sudden lowering of
adjacent water surfaces causing rapid
drawdown of the ground-water table,
stream erosion at the bottom of a slope,
excavation and construction activities,
excessive loading on a slope excavation and
construction activities, excessive loading .

Creep is the informal name for a slow earthflow and consists of the imperceptibility slow,
steady downward movement of slope-forming soil or rock. Movement is caused by internal
shear stress sufficient to cause deformation but insufficient to cause failure.

PRACTICE

Activity 3- SCRAMBLE IT.

Direction: Scramble the words below with its description. Write your answer in your
Activity/Assessment Notebook. Label your work Q2-Lesson 1-Activity 3.

1. RECEP - is the informal name for a slow earthflow and consists

of the imperceptibility slow, steady downward movement of slope-forming
soil or rock.
2. SEARPDS - may result from liquefaction or flow (and extrusion) of
the softer underlying material.
3.LEPTOP _ - is sometimes triggered by water (rainfall) in a displaced
mass.
4.HEART WOLF - can occur on gentle to moderate slopes,
generally in fine- grained soil, commonly clay or silt, but also in very
weathered, clay-bearing bedrock.
5.DILES - of which the head of the displaced material may move
almost vertically downward, and the upper surface of the displaced material
 may tilt backwards toward the scarp.
ENRICHMENT
Activity 4- ESSAY.
Direction: Read each statement carefully and explain your answer. Write your
answer in your Activity/Assessment Notebook. Label your work Q2-Lesson 1-
Activity 4.
(See attached rubric for the basis of your score)

1.What are landslides?

2.What causes them to occur?
3.How do we make a damage control?

Adopted from: Janelle Cox, Education Expert, February 19, 2020 https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081367

VALUES INTEGRATION

In this lesson the students enlightened their mind about the basic concept of
geological hazards especially lindslides. Job well done! Congratulations for achieving such
values from the activities.

EVALUATION

Activity 5- FILL ME IN.

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answer in your
Activity/Assessment Notebook. Label your work Q2-Lesson 1-Activity 5.
_1. It describes a wide variety of processes that result in the downward and outward
movement of slope-forming materials including rock, soil, artificial fill, or a
combination of these.
_2. These are natural phenomena that causes devastating loss of life and property all
over the world.
 _3.It is a service institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) that is
principally mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes, tsunami and other related geotectonic phenomena.
4. It is the study of the earth (geo means earth, and ology means study of).
5. It is wind that brings heavy rainfall that results in floods during the wet season also
known as (southwest monsoon).
Lesson 1.2
Geological Hazard: Sinkholes
Introduction
Before we will continue with the next lesson for this module, let us first review the
previous lesson we had. We learned that Geological hazards are a natural phenomenon that
causes devastating loss of life and property all over the world. Equally disastrous geological
hazards happen due to human-induced activities like the expansion and development of cities
of which are directly or indirectly committed by humans. Other related geological hazards
that commonly strike the Philippines are rain-induced landslides and sinkholes.

MOTIVATION
In this lesson we need to discuss and identify the causes of sinkholes as part as one
of the geological hazards.
Activity 1. READ ME TRIVIA
Direction: Read and understand the passage below and answer the process
questions. Write your answer in your Activity/Assessment Notebook. Entitle your
work Q2-Lesson1. 2-Activity 1.
The Bohol Sinkholes

Out of 100 sinkholes in the Philippines, 20 are found in Southwestern Bohol, as

confirmed by the Mines and Geo-Science Bureau (MGB) of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources. Each of them measures about 4m x 5m with a
depth of 2m. These sinkholes appeared after 7.2 magnitude earthquake, which killed
more than 200 persons and damaged Php 5 billion worth of infrastructures. These
sinkholes are located in Tagbilaran City and in the towns of Baclayon, Corella,
Alburquerque, Panglao, Davis, Biliran, Loon and Carmen.

Bohol is made up of limestone, causing natural depressions like sinkholes to

cave in as limestone deposits underneath erode.

Process Questions:
1. What the passage is all about?
2. What kind of geological hazard does the passage show?

INSTRUCTION/DELIVERY
What are sinkholes? A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some
form of collapse of the surface layer. The ground caves in all of a sudden, creating large
holes in the ground and sometimes devouring whole buildings. This type of geologic
feature, sinkholes are common where the rock below the land surface is limestone,
carbonate rock, salt beds, or rocks that can naturally be dissolved by groundwater
circulating through them. As the rock dissolves, spaces and caverns develop underground
backyard.
Sinkholes can be separated into two categories, even though most factors involved in
their occurrence are the same. These categories are defined as "induced" and "natural."
Induced sinkholes are those caused or accelerated by man's activities whereas natural ones
are not (Newton, 1976a).

Scientific reasons for the appearance of big holes or craters

Geologists have offered various theories for the natural causes of sinkholes such as the
type of soil / rock giving way to rainwater and underground water. Other natural causes
submitted by experts include meteorite strikes, heavy rainfall, global warming, underground
gas explosions, etc. Sinkholes can also be exacerbated by artificial means such as mining
activity. They can also occur from the over-pumping and extraction of groundwater and
subsurface fluids.

Most Common Types of Sinkholes

1. Solution or dissolution sinkholes

Occur in areas where limestone is exposed at the surface or is covered by thin layers
of soil or sand. Results in a gradual downward movement of the land surface and the
development of a depression that collects increasing amounts of surface runoff.

2. Cover Collapse Sinkholes

Occur where a solution cavity develops in the limestone to such a size that the
overflying cover material can no longer support its own weight. When a collapse occurs, it is
generally very abrupt and can be catastrophic.
3. Cover Subsidence Sinkholes
Occur where the cover material is relatively incohesive and permeable, and
individual grains of sand move downward in sequence to replace grains that have already
moved downward to replace dissolved limestone.

Don’t you know that Sinkholes can be repaired?

A sinkhole is best repaired by excavating to rock and then building an aggregate

filter in the hole.
 Procedures:
Step 1: Excavate the sinkhole down to rock if possible.
Step 2: Put a layer of large stones in the
hole (cabbage size). Step 3: Put a layer
of smaller stones on top (fist size).
Step 4: Put a layer of gravel on top of the small stones.
Step 5: Cover the gravel with a geotextile fabric. This prevents the
next layer (sand) from being lost through the gravel.
Step 6: Cover the geotextile fabric with a layer of coarse sand.
Step 7: Fill the remainder of the hole with soil. This can be layered
to match the existing soil profile.

Ideally each layer is six inches to two feet thick. When solid rock is encountered
near the surface, drop off the bottom layers (that is start with smaller stone size) or use
thinner layers. It is important that the bottom layer be larger than the solution channel
opening in the bedrock. The objective is to provide an open path for percolating water
so that it can’t carry away soil and cause another sinkhole. The repair, as described,
also provides good filtration of infiltrating water.

PRACTICE
Activity 2. ENUMERATE ME.
Direction: Enumerate the Features of a Geological Map and explain its
function.Write your answer in your Activity/Assessment Notebook.Entitle
your work Q2- Lesson 1.2- Activity 2.

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .

You have learned that sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some
form of collapse of the surface layer. The ground caves in all of a sudden, creating large
holes in the ground and sometimes devouring whole buildings. Sinkholes can also be
exacerbated by artificial means such as mining activity. They can also occur from the over-
pumping and extraction of groundwater and subsurface fluids. The two categories of
sinkholes are induced and natural. The types of sinkholes are dissolution, cover-
subsidence and cover-collapse sinkholes. You are now ready to answer our next activity.

ENRICHMENT
Activity 3. ESSAY.

Direction: Read each statement and provide answers based from the lesson
you have learned. Write your answer in your Activity/Assessment
Notebook.Entitle your work Q2- Lesson1. 2- Activity 3.
1. What are sinkholes?
2. What are the two categories of sinkholes? Explain each.
 3. Explain in your own words the types of sinkholes.

VALUES INTEGRATION

In this lesson, the students enlightened their mind about geological hazard especially
sinkhole. Job well done! Congratulations for achieving such values from the activity. Now
you are going to answer our next activity.

Activity 4. REFLECTION WRITING 1.

Direction: Reflect on these two questions and write your opinion in your
Activity/Assessment Notebook. Limit your answer to a maximum of 5 short sentences per
number. Label your answer as Q2-Lesson 1.2 – Activity 4 – Reflection Writing 1.
1. What are the causes of sinkholes?
2. What must a person do during disasters?

Lesson 2
Interpreting Geologic Maps
Introduction
Before we will continue with the next lesson for this module, let us first review the previous
lesson we had. We learned that Geological hazards are a natural phenomenon that causes devastating loss
of life and property all over the world. Sinkholes can be separated into two categories, even though most factors
involved in their occurrence are the same. These categories are defined as "induced" and "natural." Induced
sinkholes are those caused or accelerated by man's activities whereas natural ones are not (Newton, 1976a).

OBJECTIVES/COMPETENCIES-ESTIMATED TIME

 Interpret geological maps. 3 hours

 Apply mitigation strategies to prevent loss of lives and properties. 2 hours
 MOTIVATION
In this lesson we need to learn how to interpret geological maps in order to have an
idea how to deal with natural and human calamities in terms of accident prone and other
signs of map.
Activity 1. READ ME
Direction: Read and understand the passage below then answer the questions that
follows. Write your answer in your Activity/Assessment Notebook. Label your work Q2-
Lesson 2-Activity 1 READ ME.
Brief History of Geological Mapping
 The map indicating the gold field in Egypt on the 13 th century, is the first
recorded attempt in providing graphical geological information
 In the 16th century D. Owen showed the carboniferous out crop in the form
of narrow beds.
 First geological map is known to have been complied by M. Lister at the end
of the 17th century.
 The first stratigraphic layer by layer geological map is started appearing at
the beginning of the 18th century.
 In India the first geological map was prepared by Dr. Henry Westly Voysey
 Capt. JD, the 1825 and this Herbest prepared the first geological map of the
Himalayan was published in 1842 for the area between the river Sutt ej and Kali.

___________1. It is the first attempt providing graphical geological information.

___________2. He showed the carboniferous out crop in the form of narrow beds.
___________3. It is known to have been complied M. Lister at the end of the 17th
century.
___________4. He prepared the first geological map in India.
___________5. It is started appearing at the beginning of the 18 th century.

INSTRUCTION/DELIVERY
Geologic maps display the arrangement of geologic features of a particular area.
These features can include such things as types of rocks, faults, minerals, and
groundwater. From studying a geologic map the user can better understand possible
dangers like the potential for floods or earthquakes, and help locate important deposits of
energy resources, such as water, oil, natural gas, and minerals. Through the use of letters,
colors, lines, and symbols, geologic maps help the user gain a better understanding of
Earth's makeup.

Geologic maps are not like other maps. While all other maps are designed to
show where things are or is known best to show the distribution of roads or rivers or
boundaries, a geologic map shows the distribution of geologic features, including
different kinds of rocks and faults. The geology is represented by colors, l
Features of Geological Map
1. Color Scheme The most striking features of geologic maps are its colors.
Each color represents a different geologic unit. A geologic unit is a volume of a
certain kind of rock of a given age range.

1. Letter Symbols

Usually the symbol is the combination of an initial capital letter followed

by one or more small letters. The capital letter represents the age of the geologic
unit. Geologists have divided the history of the Earth into Eons (the largest
division), Eras, Periods, and Epochs, mostly based on the fossils found in rocks.

2. Lines on the
map
Contact lines

The place where two different geologic units are found next to each other is
called a contact, and that is represented by different kinds of lines on the geologic
map. The two main types of contacts shown on most geologic maps are
depositional contacts and faults.
Lava from a volcano flows over the landscape, and when the lava hardens
into rock, the place where the lava-rock rests on the rock’s underneath is a
depositional contact. Contact lines are shown on the map as a thin line.
 Faults

However, in geologically active areas, geologic units tend to be broken

up and moved along faults (it is fault movements that cause earthquakes!). When
different geologic units have been moved next to one another after they were
formed, the contact is a fault contact, which is shown on the map by a thick line
(location 5).

Faults can cut through a single geologic unit. These faults are shown
with the same thick line on the map, but have the same geologic unit on both
sides. Remember, just because the map shows a fault doesn’t mean that fault is
still active and is likely to cause an earthquake. Rocks can preserve records of
faults that have been inactive for many millions of years. But knowing where the
faults are is the first step toward finding the ones that can move.

2. Lines

Folds
Another kind of line shown on most geologic maps is a fold axis. In
addition to being moved by faults, geologic units can also be bent and warped
by the same forces into rounded wavelike shapes called folds. A line that
follows the crest or trough of the fold is called the fold axis. This is marked on a
geologic map with a line a little thicker than a depositional contact, but thinner
than a fault (location 6).

Strikes and dips

Tilted beds are shown on a geological map with a strike and dip symbol
(location 10). The symbol consists of three parts: a long line, a short line, and a
number. The long line is called the strike line, and shows the direction in the bed
that is still horizontal. The strike line shows that horizontal direction in the beds.
The short line is called the dip line, and shows which way the bed is tilted. The
number is called the dip, and shows how much the bed is tilted, in degrees, from
flat. The higher the number, the steeper the tilting of the bed, all the way up to
90 degrees if the bed is tilted all the way onto its side.
 3. Map Key
All geologic maps come with a table called a map key. In the map
key, all the colors and symbols are shown and explained.

The map key usually starts with a list showing the color and letter symbol of
every geologic unit, starting with the youngest or most recently formed units. Then, a
short description of the kinds of rocks in that unit and their age (in the key, the age is
described by Epochs, subdivisions of the Periods shown in the letter symbol). After the
list of geologic units, all the different types of lines on the map are explained, and then
all the different strike and dip symbols. The map key will also include explanations of
any other kinds of geologic symbols used on a map (locations where fossils were
found, locations of deposits of precious metals, location of faults known to be active,
and any other geologic feature that might be important in the area shown by the
geologic map).

Activity 2. ENUMERATE ME !
Direction: : Enumerate the Features of a Geological Map and explain its function. Label your
work Q2-Lesson 2-Activity 2 Enumerate Me!.

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
You have learned that geologic maps display the arrangement of geologic
features of a particular area. These features can include such things as types of rocks,
faults, minerals, and groundwater. From studying a geologic map the user can better
understand possible dangers like the potential for floods or earthquakes, and help
locate important deposits of energy resources, such as water, oil, natural gas, and
minerals. Through the use of letters, colors, lines, and symbols, geologic maps help
the user gain a better understanding of Earth's makeup.
 Geologic maps have features and these includes color schemes, letter symbols,
lines on the map, other lines and map key. These features help the readers to
interpret map.
PRACTICE
Activity 3. Essay!
Direction: Read each statement and provide answers based from the lesson you have
learned.Write your answer in your Activity/Assessment Notebook. Label it Q2-Lesson
2-Activity 3-Essay.
1. Define Geological Map.
2. Explain this line “The geology is represented by colors, lines,
and special symbols unique to geologic maps.”

VALUES INTEGRATION

In this lesson, the students enlightened their mind about geological hazard map. Job well done!
Congratulations for achieving such values from the activity. Now you are ready to reflect on our
next activity.
Activity 4. REFLECTION WRITING 1.
Direction: Reflect on these two questions and write your opinion in your Activity/Assessment
Notebook. Limit your answer to a maximum of 5 short sentences per number. Label your
answer as Q2-Lesson2 – Activity 4 – Reflection Writing 1.

1. What is the importance of geological map?

2. Why is it important for us to have a basic knowledge in interpreting geological map?

\

EVALUATION
Activity 4. SCETCH ME UP!
Direction: Sketch a Map of your school. You design your own map. Use pencil and a
clean sheet of paper. You may want to use a ruler or make a folded paper as your
ruler. Apply the basic concepts in making a map based from the lesson you have
learned. Rubric is provided below for your evaluation.Write your answer in your
Activity/Assessment Notebook. Label your answer Q2- Lesson 2-Activity 4 SCETCH
ME UP!.

POST-ASSESSMENT
This is a test to determine the knowledge you gained from this module.
Directions: Read each item very well and choose the best answer. Write your
answers on your ActivityAssessment notebook. Label it Q2-Lesson 2-Post-
Assessment.

1.Landslides are often associated with _ ?

A)El Niño C) Periods of Humidity
B)El Niña D) Periods of Intense Rainfall

2.All items below are kept for your emergency kit except one ?
A) Whistle C) Spare Batteries
B)Medicine Kit D) Ball

3.Minimization of risks – is a term which means?

A)Geological Processes C) Creation of TWG
B)Hazard control D) Create a small group

4.It is important to know the following when reading the map.

A)Symbols and Scale C) Direction
B)Distance D) All of the above

5.Typhoon “Sendong” was known internationally as ?

A)Typhoon ‘Haiyan’ C) Typhoon ‘Yolanda’
B)Typhoon ‘Bopha’ D) Typhoon ‘Washi’

6.Geologic hazards includes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and ?

A)Sinkholes C) Rain-induced landslides
B) Wildfires D) Both A and C
 7.A geological phenomenon that leaves a big hole on the ground.
A)Sinkholes C) Mudslides
B)Earthquakes D) Landslides

8.How many typhoons in a year passes

through the PAR? A) 20 C) 30
B) 28 D) 38

9.Which of the factors below allows the force of gravity to overcome the
resistance of earth material to landslide?
A)Saturation by water C) steepening of slopes by erosion
B)Loosened stones D) Both A and B

10. When you are caught in a landslide, you should?

A) Stay in place C) Rescue someone
B) Lay on the ground D) M
flow

Lesson 3
Hydro- Meteorological Hazards
Phenomena
INTRODUCTION

It is an extreme natural events in the crust of the earth that pose a threat to life and
property, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis (tidal waves) and landslides.

OBJECTIVES/COMPETENCIES – ESTIMATED TIME

 Recognize signs of impending hydrometrological hazards 3 hours
 Interpret different metrological hazards maps 1 hour
 Use available tools in monitoring hydrometrological hazards. 1 hour
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Before we embark on this journey, let’s find out how much you already know about the
topic in this Module through the following exercise.

Activity 1– PRE-ASSESSMENT1
Let us begin our activities by determining your prior knowledge of the lessons you are
about to study.
Directions Read each question carefully and write the letter of the best answer in your
Activity/Assessment Notebook.Entitle your work Q2-Lesson 3-Activity 1-
Preassessment 1.
1.Why is it important for a community to be prepared in all hazards and
calamities?
A.To extend support to all the victims
B.To save lives and prevent further damage to property.
C.To help ourselves from all the hazards brought about by any disaster.
D.To take the opportunity of receiving aid and support from the LGUs, NGOs
and other agencies.
2.What do you call the inundation of land areas which are not normally covered
with water?
A. Canal B. Stream C. Flood D. Overflow
3.It is the first sign a flood or any calamities may occur, and when it is issued,
you should be aware of potential flood hazards.
A. NEWS B. FORECAST C. WATCH D. WARNING
4.It indicates that a hazardous event is occurring or is imminent in about 30
minutes to an hour.
A. NEWS B. FORECAST C. WATCH D. WARNING
5.Flood-specific supplies should include the following:
I.Television
II.Disaster Supply kit
III. Evacuation Supply Kit
IV. Stockpile emergency building materials
A. I & III B. II, III & IVC. I, II, & III D.I,II, &IV
6.What will you do if it has been raining hard for several hours, or steadily
raining for several days? A. Stay calm and relax. B. Prepare your emergency
kit. C. Be alert to the possibility of a flood. D. Get your evacuation supply kit
and evacuate immediately.
7.What should the persons in authority do for areas prone to flooding?
I.Publish evacuation routes.
II.Periodically inform the community of local public warning system.
III. Contact the local/national weather service office or emergency
management agency for information on local flood warning system.
A. I only B. I & II only C. II only D. I, II & III
8.When you are in or along stream channels, you must be:
A.calm and relaxed for you to enjoy your trip.
B.always bringing the emergency kit with you.
C.aware of distant events
D.go back home and prepare for evacuation
 9.What should be done when a flood or flash flood WATCH is issued?
I.Pay attention to your neighbors.
II.Be alert to signs of flooding. Be ready to evacuate at a moment’s notice.
III. Everyone in a WATCH area should be ready to respond and act quickly.

IV. Listen continuously to a radio or television for updated emergency

information.
A. I, II, & IVB. II, III & IV C. I, III & IV D. III & IV
10. What will you do if you are driving during a flood?
I.Just continue driving.
II.Avoid already flooded areas and areas subject to sudden flooding.
III. Turn around and find another route that will lead you to higher ground.
IV. Abandon your vehicle immediately and climb to higher ground if your
vehicle becomes surrounded by water or the engine stalls.
A. I, II &III B. II,III&IV C. I,II,&IV D. I, III & IV

INTRODUCTION
Many organizations around the world have different programs that addressed the different
studies concerning to the natural hazards of hydro- meteorological phenomena and how
toattenuate their effects. Among these hazards that results from the natural processes or
phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature - are floods, tropical
cyclones, drought and desertification. Climate change has a big impact of these natural hazards
expected to rise. So much more about climate change, let may ask you about this.” Have you
already encountered the words hydro-meteorological phenomena? What comes in your mind if
you heard that words? What are the effects or hazard of these phenomena in our lives? Can you
identify each hazard from one another? Before, we proceed to further discussion on hydro-
meteorological hazard. Let us find first where the words hydro-meteorological come from?
Hydro means water. Meteorological is a phenomena that are observable weather events which
illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology.

MOTIVATION
Hydrometeorology is the study of atmospheric water especially precipitation, as it affects
agriculture, water supply, food control, power generation, etc. It pertains to the
occurrence, motion, and changes of state of atmospheric water (Disaster
Reduction Resource Manual, 2008).
Before the lesson proper, we will first review and get oriented to the words and terminologies
commonly used related to hydro-meteorological hazard. How do we do this ? Let us perform
activity 1.

Activity 1- Do It Cross It!!!

Direction: Find the words in the puzzle.Write your answer in your
Activity/Assessment Notebook.Entitle your work as Q2-Lesson 3-Activity 1-Do It Cross
It!!!.
A C O L T N A S
T Y P H O O N T
E C T E L T D O
F L O O D H S R
R O L U O A L M
O N A G L E I P
Typhoon Cyclone I

Flood Storm

El Niño

INTRUSTION/DELIVERY
Hydro-meteorological Phenomena
Cyclone ,Typhoon or Hurricane
- The most prevailing type of hydro-meteorological hazards in the country is typhoon and its
sequential effects of rain and windstorms, as well as floods. What is typhoon? Have you
heard the word cyclone and hurricane? Are the terms cyclone , typhoon and hurricane
similar?

Aerial Image of Cyclone ( Hurricane Ivan Sept. 2014)

HURRICANE? CYCLONE? TYPHOON?: Those three words are similar they are all tropical
cyclone but they just use distinctive terms for a storm in different parts of the world.
A cyclone is an intense low pressure area which is characterized by strong spiral winds
towards the center, called the “Eye” in a counter-clockwise flow in the northern hemisphere.
Like tornadoes, typhoons happen when warm air mixes with cold air, creating intense wind,
rain and flooding. Typhoons and hurricanes are the same type of storm, but they happen in
different places. Typhoons occur in the Pacific Ocean around Hawaii and Asia( northwest
Pacific). Hurricanes occur on the eastern seaboard along the United States and Central
America( northeast Pacific)
Study the table
Philippines. below. Itit shows the Modified Public Storm Warning Signals (PSWS) in the
Familiarize

As student and as citizen in the country

you must be aware of the PSWS for you to be prepared
in times typhoon or strong typhoon comes. Each PSWS
has its corresponding wind speed, lead time and the
impacts it brings. It is also the basis for the suspension of
classes in different levels. To the area with no storm
signal,
it is then the discretion of the Local Government Units
personnel to suspend or not to suspend the class. Below
is the automatic suspension guidelines released by the
Department of Education on the suspension of classes
per reference to DepEd Order No. 43 series of 2012, stipulated in Executive Order No 66
series of 2012.You should follow what the Local Government ordered in times of disaster.
It is important to listen a news on tv. or in radio . As PSWS is issued an information

regarding typhoon or vyclone, you should be aware on what are expected and Plan the steps
are you going to go through. Constant listening to the latest weather update is highly
advised. Color coding is usually uttered by the weather specialist. For you to have a clear
understanding about the color-coded rainfall advisories, stufy.
Study the color-coded rainfall advisories
 Hydro-meteorological Hazards
Tropical Cyclone
1. Strong Wind

Strong wind hit the Eastern Samar Province in central Philippines last May 13,2020
lots uptooted trees on the street , as Typhoon Vongfong battered the

6
 country.Credit...Alren Beronio/Agence

Strong winds and heavy rain have also

battered the island of Bohol, which was
devastated by a 7.2- magnitude earthquake
three weeks ago. More than 270,000 people in
the area are already living under tarpaulins and
in makeshift shelters, and the extreme weather
threatens to intensify the humanitarian
emergency last November 2013

2. Excessive Rainfall/ Flood

Kinds of Flooding base upon:

Location
 . River Flooding - when the water normally flowing in the channel overflows its banks and
spreads out onto the surrounding land. This causes major problems for people living close
to the river.

Coastal Flooding- occurs when normally dry, low-lying land is flooded by seawater. The
extent of coastal flooding is a function of the elevation inland flood waters penetrate
which is controlled by the topography of the coastal land exposed to flooding.

Urban Flooding - is the inundation of land or property in a built environment, particularly in

more densely populated areas, caused by rainfall overwhelming the capacity of drainage
systems, such as storm sewers.
Look like what happened to Cagayan de Oro City when there is heavy rain.

7
 a. Duration
Flash Flooding - is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and
depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane,
tropical storm, or melt water from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields.

Sheet Flooding - an expanse of moving water into which the transient streams of arid
regions spread out as they issue from the mountains upon the plains.
3. Storm Surge in Coastal Areas- a rising of the sea as a result of atmospheric
pressure changes and wind associated with storm.

4. Landslide- it is the movement of rock, earth or debris down a sloped section of

land. It caused by rain, earthquakes, volcanoes, or other factor that make the slope
unstable.
 5 . Thunderstorm - is a weather condition that produces lightning and thunder, heavy rainfall
from cumulonimbus clouds and possibly a tornado. It is a violent local atmospheric
disturbance accompanied by lightning, thunder, and heavy rain.
6 .

La Niña / El Niñ0- La Niña is the abnormal cooling of sea surface temperatures that cause
heavy rainfall while El Niño refers to the abnormal warming of sea surface temperatures in
the Pacific, which causes droughts and below-normal rainfall. It has brought losses to
Philippine agriculture. Approximately, La Nina is the opposite of El Nino. Each El Nino or
La Nina episode usually lasts for several seasons (Disaster Reduction Resource Manual,
2008)
PRACTICE
Different Hydro-meteorological Hazard Maps
Have you heard about hazard map? Have you seen one? If not, then it is time for you to see and
locate your place and try to check if you are located in a hazardous area or not. It is important to
know the location where you are living for the safety of your family.
a. Here is the Geohazard map of the Province of Bukdinon ( Landslide and Flood)
 .

A map shown on is a Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map of Bukidnon Province.

For you to understand the hazard map better, have it enlarged and use the legend. Places
highlighted with YELLOW and WHITE color means Low susceptibility on flooding and debris
flow . GREEN and VIOLET is MODERATE susceptibility tolandslide while RED and
BLUE color is HIGH susceptibility to landslide and flooding and ORANGE and DARK BLUE
is very high suspecibility to landslide and flooding.
A map shown on the next page is a Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map of Misamis
Oriental where Cagayan de Oro is located and Bukidnon Province. Can you locate Cagayan de
Oro City? For you to understand the hazard map better, have it enlarged and use the legend.

Any site in our place has different kind of soil. Soil has a vital role to point out the place
where prone to disaster especially the landslide . The next map shown the different type of
soil located to the different places of Bukidnon Province, Misamis Oriental and in Cagayan
de Oro. Look at the figure below and try to identify what kind of soil is the place where your
house is built. Use the legend below the map.

Activity 2.MAP INTERPRETATION..

Direction:Do what are asked below. Write your answer in your
Activity/Assessment Notebook. Label your answer as Q2-Lesson3– Activity 2
–Map Interpretation.
1. Interpret the hazard maps of Cagayan de Oro City and:

a. locate the landslide prone and flood-prone barangays in Cagayan de

Oro City; &
b. list or group the barangays according to the kind of soil.

2. Write your reflection.

 ENRICHMENT
Available Tools For Monitoring Hydro-meteorological Hazards
Natural hazards cannot be prevented but its impacts can be reduced and mitigated if the
capacity of the community is increased. One way of increasing the community’s capacity is by
constant monitoring. Hydro-meteorological monitoring can only be done if there are experts who
will do the monitoring and of course with the use of monitoring tools. Now, what are the
available tools used in monitoring hydro-meteorological hazards? That is one of the roles of the
local government to provide a necessary tools for disasters.
Flash Flood Early Warning System (EWS)
RAIN GAUGE
Automatic Rain Gauge is an early warning device used in monitoring hydro- meteorological
hazards.

1. STREAM GAUGE

Water level stream gauge

2. SIREN
 2. INTERNET ACCESS
Aside from these devices hydro-meteorological, mentioned monitoring can also be done
by surfing at the internet. Some of these are:
asti predict and 2.
noah.dost.gov.ph

The above monitoring tools are the basis for the CDRRMC EVACUATION
PROTOCOLS together with the use of weather website. The next figures show the warning
protocols, the meaning of alert levels through color coding. Study each figure for you to be
aware on evacuation protocols. Once you internalize its meaning and application, there is no
need for you to ask somebody when the weather specialist or any authorized personnel
mentions these terms especially when there is a natural hazard.

Alert levels through color coding have been used by the CDRRMC in giving
information to the public on the updates of the situation in times of hazards. This is to
standardize the system and procedures of alerting at the City Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (CDRRMC) and the BDRRMC. This is also to have unification on
the systems and procedures in giving alert that can be replicated at the level of BDRRMC
as well as to resolve discrepancies in alerting procedures. Study the Alert Levels below.
 The color coded alert is very easy to memorize just like the traffic lights. When the weather specialist will give the
advisory that the alert level is YELLOW, it signifies that residents should be on the ‘READY’ status. When the Orange alert
level is issued, the 39 residents should be on the “Get Set” status. Residents should move when the RED alert level is issued.
 Other colors are also used by the CDRRMC for alert levels as signal for the public and these are WHITE, BLUE and
RED. For its corresponding meaning, refer to the table below.

Activity 3.MAP INTERPRETATION..

Instruction: Identify and discuss the use of the available monitoring tools for hydro-
meteorological in your community. Tell the location where the tools located.

VALUES INTEGRATION
In this lesson, the students enlightened their mind about hydro-metrological hazard map.
Job well done! Congratulations for achieving such values from the activity. Now you are ready to
reflect on our next activity.
Activity 4- REFLECTION TIME!!!
Direction: Write a short paragraph on your reflection to the following questions. Entitle
your work as Q2-Lesson 3-Activity 4- Reflection Time!.

1. What can I do to prepare for a disaster in my community?

2. How can I help others affected by disasters?
POST TEST
Direction: Read each question carefully and write the letter of the best answer in a
separate sheet of paper.

1.What do you call the inundation of land areas which are not normally covered with water?
A. Canal C. Stream B. Flood D. Overflow
2.What will you do if it has been raining hard for several hours, or steadily raining for several days?
A. Stay calm and relax.
B. Prepare your emergency kit.
C. Be alert to the possibility of a flood.
D. Get your evacuation supply kit and evacuate immediately.
 3.When you are in or along stream channels, you must be
A. Calm and relaxed for you to enjoy your trip.
B. Always bringing the emergency kit with you.
C. Aware of distant events
D. Go back home and prepare for evacuation

4. It indicates that a hazardous event is occurring or is imminent in about 30 minutes to an hour.

A. NEWS B. WATCH C. FORECAST D. WARNING

5. What should the persons in authority do for areas prone to flooding?
I.Publish evacuation routes.
II.Periodically inform the community of local public warning system.
III. Contact the local/national weather service office or emergency management agency for
information on local flood warning system.

A. I only B. II only C. I & II only D. I, II & III

6. Why is it important for a community to be prepared in all hazards and calamities?

A. To extend support to all the victims
B. To save lives and prevent further damage to property.
C. To help ourselves from all the hazards brought about by any disaster.
D. To take the opportunity of receiving aid and support from the LGUs, NGOs and other
agencies.

7. What will you do if you are driving during a flood?

I.Just continue driving.
II.Avoid already flooded areas and areas subject to sudden flooding.
III.Turn around and find another route that will lead you to higher ground
IV. Abandon your vehicle immediately and climb to higher ground if your vehicle becomes
surrounded by water or the engine stalls.

A . I, II &II I B. II,III&IV C. I,II,&IV D. I, III & IV

8. Flood-specific supplies should include the following:
I.Television
II.Disaster Supply kit
III.Evacuation Supply Kit
IV.Stockpile emergency building materials
A. I & III B. II, III & IV C.. I, II, & III D. I,II, &IV
9. It is the first sign a flood or any calamities may occur, and when it is issued, you should be aware
of potential flood hazards.

A. NEWS B. WATCH C. FORCAST D. WARNING

10. What should be done when a flood or flash flood WATCH is issued?
I. Pay attention to your neighbors.
II.Be alert to signs of flooding. Be ready to evacuate at a moment’s notice.
III. Everyone in a WATCH area should be ready to respond and act quickly.
IV.Listen continuously to a radio or television for updated emergency information .
A. I, II, & IV B. II, III & IV` C. I, III & IV D. III & IV

Lesson 4
Basic Response Procedures and Fire Emergency and Evacuation
Plan
INTRODUCTION
 Fire becomes disaster when it goes out of control and spreads fast, threatening human life,
homes, and other structures. Crops, forest vegetation, and animals can also be endangered
particularly during dry.

OBJECTIVES/COMPETENCIES – ESTIMATED TIME

 Recognize elements of the fire triangle in different situations 2 hours
 Analyze the different causes of fires 1 hour
 Observe precautionary measures and proper procedures in 2 hours
addressing a fire incidents.
 Apply basic response procedures during a fire incident. 1 hour
 Follow fire emergency and evacuation plan. 2 hours

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Before we embark on this journey, let’s find out how much you already know aboutthe topic in this
Module through the following exercise.

Activity 1– PRE-ASSESSMENT1

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of your answer in your
Activity/Assessment Notebook. Indicate the date when you did this homework. Entitle your work asQ2 –
Lesson 4– Activity 1 – Pre-Assessment 1.

1. A kind of disaster when it goes out of control and spreads fast, threatening human life, homes, and other
structures.
A. Fire C. Typhoon
B. Flood D. Pandemic

2. The following must be present to produce fire EXCEPT,

A. Oxygen C. Dust
B. Fuel D. Heat

3. What you should have at home, office or building as safety measures?

A. Smoke alarms and Fire extinguishers C. Fire extinguisher and Fire Exits
B. Smoke alarms and Fire Truck D. Fire Truck and Fire extinguishers

4. Which of the following is not a basic response procedure during fire incident?
A. Make sure everyone in your household knows where and how to evacuate
B. Always take part in fire drills
C. Plan more than one way to exit your location
D. Run to the comfort room during fire

5. What is the importance of following the emergency and evacuation plan?

A. To save time, means also saving life
B. To access the shortcut route during emergency
C. To save other family members
D. To have time to get your important belongings
Know how to use a fire extinguisher.
MOTIVATION
Fire is a chemical reaction. It is the rapid oxidation of fuel producing heat and light.For fire to
occur, there must be a presence of heat, fuel, oxygen.
Activity 2– WHAT SHOULD I HAVE ?
Direction: Answer the questions below. Write your answer in your Activity/Assessment
Notebook. Label your work as Q2. Lesson 4- Activity 2-What shold I have?.
1. What you should have in your home to fight fire?

Safety Measures:

What you should have in your home?

 Smoke Alarm
Install smoke alarms in rooms, kitchens and other living areas. It ALERTS you
when the fire is still in a controllable state.

 Fire Extinguisher
Have an ABC or ABCD type of fire extinguisher in the kitchen and workshop
areas. Know how to use a fire extinguisher.

INSTRUCTION/DELIVERY
Did you know?Majority of fire incidents occur in family dwellings and mostly caused by
electrical short circuits and connections. In the first quarter of 2013, 23% of fire incidents are of
this nature. LPG explosions due to poorly maintained tanks and hoses also caused 98 fire
accidents in the homes in 2012.

Unattended cooking is among the most frequent caused of fire. It climbed up to

533 fires in 2012 destroying hard earned investments.
Lighted cigarette butts caused 271 fire incidents in the first quarter of 2013.

In 2012, open flames due to unattended torch (gasera) and lighted candles caused 455
fire accidents destroying several homes all over the country.

Lighted matches and lighters consumed several homes resulting to 124 fire
incidents in the first quarter of 2013

An emergency exit plan is highly recommended for a family dwelling. Be sure

that your kids know and understand the exit route and the meeting place outside your house.
An exit drill is also a fun way of getting your children involved.
The following are response procedures during a fire incident.

1. Make sure everyone in your household knows where and how to evacuate
2. Always take part in fire drills
3. Plan more than one way to exit your location
4. Never leave fire unattended
5. Make sure all fire tools are easy to access
6. If you are advised to evacuate, leave immediately
7. If you are not trained and equipped to fight a fire, don’t risk your life
8. When there is a fire, before opening a door
 - Check to see if there is heat or smoke coming through cracks around the door.
- If yes, do not open!
- Touch the door and doorknob. If it is hot, do not open!
- If the door is cool, open carefully and follow your escape route
9. Keep close to the ground – there is less smoke there
10.Even if you’re scared, never hide from fire fighters – they will not find you!
11.Regularly check that your fire alarm is working.
12. If your clothes catch fire, stop, drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and
roll.
Activity 3. Make Me!
Direction: Make your home emergency and evacuation plan. Copy the format below
andwrite your answer in your Activity/Assessment Notebook. Label your work as Q2-
Lesson 4-Activity 3- Make Me!.

My Home Emergency and Evacuation Plan

PRACTICE

Activity 4.
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in your Activity/Assessment
Notebook. Label your work as Q2-Lesson 4-Activity 3- Make Me!.

1.What you should have at home, office or building as safety measures?

A.Smoke alarms and Fire extinguishers C. Fire extinguisher and Fire Exits
B.Smoke alarms and Fire Truck D. Fire Truck and Fire extinguishers

2.Which of the following is not a basic response procedure during fire incident?
A.Make sure everyone in your household knows where and how to evacuate
B.Always take part in fire drills
C.Plan more than one way to exit your location
D.Run to the comfort room during fire

3. A kind of disaster when it goes out of control and spreads fast, threatening human
life, homes, and other structures.
A.Fire C. Typhoon
B.Flood D. Pandemic

4.What is the importance of following the emergency and evacuation plan?

A.To save time, means also saving life
B.To access the shortcut route during emergency
 C.To save other family members
D.To have time to get your important belongings

5.The following must be present to produce fire EXCEPT,

A.Oxygen C. Dust
B.Fuel D. Heat

VALUES INTEGRATION
In this lesson, the students enlightened their mind about fire hazard . Job well done!
Congratulations for achieving such values from the activity. Now you are ready to reflect on our
next activity.
Activity 4- REFLECTION TIME!!!
Direction: Write a short paragraph on your reflection to the question below.. Entitle your
work as Q2-Lesson 4-Activity 4-Reflection Time.
1. What should be done in case of fire?

Lesson 5
The Key Concepts, Principles,Elements and the Importance of
DRR
INTRODUCTION

DRR means Disaster Risk Reduction. It is about supporting local civil society,
communities, households and individuals to become less vulnerable and strengthen their
capacity to anticipate, resist, cope with and recover from natural hazards. An over- emphasis on
disaster and humanitarian relief has made way for the contemporary terms such as disaster
reduction and disaster risk management.

OBJECTIVES/COMPETENCIES – ESTIMATED TIME

 Discuss the key concepts, principles and elements of DRR 3 hours
 Recognize the importance of DRR on one’s life 2 hours
 Explain DRR-related laws and policies
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Before we embark on this journey, let’s find out how much you already know aboutthe topic in this
Module through the following exercise.

Activity 1– PRE-ASSESSMENT1

Directions:Pick the correct answer for each of the 5 items. Write the letter of your answer in your
Activity/Assessment Notebook. Indicate the date when you did this homework. Entitle your work asQ2 –
Lesson 5 – Activity 1 – Pre-Assessment 1.

1. The following are the concepts of DRR, EXCEPT

A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
 B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation

2. The key principles of DRR are,

A. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Rehabilitation
B. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, Risk Reduction, and Disaster
Preparedness
C. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Governance
D. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, and Rehabilitation

3. It measures undertaken immediately following an emergency aimed to save lives and protecting
properties
A. Mitigation C. Rehabilitation
B. Preparedness D. Response

4. Its main responsibility is making disaster risk reduction a priority,

A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation

5. What is the main aim of DRR?

A. To save lives and protect properties C. To make people prepare for
disasters
B. To provide funds during disaster D. To help people in times of disaster

MOTIVATION

DRR aims to reduce the effects of hazards and the vulnerabilities of a community to
safeguard the level of development achieved
Activity 2–) READING 1

The
key concepts of DRR are the following:

A. GOVERNANCE - making disaster risk reduction a priority (e.g. integrating disaster

risk reduction into development policies, and planning);

Ensures that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority. In

support of Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), countries are urged to develop
policies, laws, and organizational arrangements, plans, programs, projects to
integrate risk
reduction and allocate funds and resources to support the program.

B. RISK ASSESSMENT AND TAKING ACTION - improving risk Information and early
warning (e.g. developing effective early warning systems which are appropriately
adapted to the unique circumstances of the people at risk);

Identifies, assesses and monitors disaster risks and enhances early warning
mechanisms. Early warning is to relay to individuals, groups or community the
messages which provide information such as the upcoming natural phenomenon,
existence of danger, preventive measures, and mechanisms to save lives and
property.
 C.KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT BY BUILDING UNDERTSANDING AND
AWARENESS - building culture of safety and resilience (e.g. including DRR subject
matter in formal, non- formal, and informal education, and training activities);

Uses knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and

resiliency at all levels. It works on the principle that knowledge is important for disaster
reduction. Strategies includes provision of relevant information on
disaster risks means of protection, strengthening networks and promoting dialogue
and cooperation among disaster experts and stakeholders, conducting capability
training for teachers, community members, parents and children.

D. RISK REDUCTION - reducing the risks in key sectors (e.g. protecting precious
ecosystems such as coral reefs and mangrove forests, allowing these to act as natural
storm barriers) and;
Reduces the underlying risk factors by building local resilience in order to
protect school communities. These activities include relocating communities away from
hazard-prone areas, building school facilities strong to withstand impacts of hazards,
encouraging reforestation and protection of wetlands, implementation of RA 8749, RA
9003, PD 1185, PD 856, PD 1096, Brigada Eskwela and etc.

E. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS - strengthening preparedness for response (e.g.

development and regular testing of contingency plans and regular disaster
preparedness exercises including evacuation drills which are also keys to ensuring
rapid and effective disaster response).

INSTRUCTION/DELIVERY
Guided with the basics of DRR in the previous section, the key principles of
disaster risk management involved the following phases:

Principles Elements
PRE – EVENT
Mitigation - measures taken in advance of a hazard that aimed of reducing its impact on
society and environment
a. Hazard / Risk Identification - develop, update and disseminate hazard maps and related
Assessment information to decision makers, general public and
communicate at risks
b. Enforcement of zoning - land-use and building, fire codes
c. Integrating / Mainstreaming - incorporate in infrastructure construction, curriculum
Disaster Risk Management development in education, provision of funds
d. Developing Early Warning - risk assessment and mapping, put –up early warning devices, ,
Systems communication dissemination,
and establishing response capability
Preparedness – measures undertaken to prepare people to react appropriately during
an following such emergencies
a. Planning - make disaster management plans, contingency
plans, establish Incident Command System (ICS), tap for
mutual aid arrangements,
 b. Advocacy - dissemination of information through mass media, conduct DRR
for a and symposia, and observance of disaster consciousness
month, etc.
c. Education and Training - deputize coordinators, conduct drills and exercises, conduct
community trainings, tap accredited Civilian Disaster Volunteers
(SCDV)
d. Resources - provide or tap manpower, materials, methods, machinery and
money
POST – EVENT
Response – measures undertaken immediately following an emergency aimed to save
lives and protecting properties
a. Early warning - provide timely and rapid dissemination of warnings to
threatened communities or population
b. The “Golden Hour - act according to “the within which most lives could be saved
Principle” and injuries could be minimized”
c. Incidence Command - put-up on-scene management of disaster operation activities
System
Rehabilitation - measures undertaken to restore affected communities to proper or
normal level of functioning to reduce vulnerability and increased sustainability
a. Short term - restore necessary lifeline systems like power, water and
communication, sewage, transportation and etc.
- provision of food, shelter and clothing
- monitoring law and order
b. Long term - restoring economic activity and development,
rebuilding communities, facilities, and reconstruction to
minimize future hazard impacts

PRACTICE
Activity 2. ESSAY
Direction: Answer the following questions in your Activity/Assessment Notebook. Label
your work as Q2-Lesson 5-Activity 2-Essay.

1.Is DRR important? Why?

2.What are the principles of Disaster Risk Reduction or DRR?

_____________________________________________________________

VALUES INTEGRATION
In this lesson, the students enlightened their mind about The Key Concepts, Principles,Elements
and the Importance of DRR . Job well done! Congratulations for achieving such values from the
activity. Now you are ready to reflect on our next activity.

Activity 3– REFLECTION TIME!

Direction: Write a short paragraph on your reflection to the question below. Entitle your
work as Q2-Lesson 5-Activity 4-Reflection Time.
1. As Notre Damean, what values did you learned from the lesson? Explain.

EVALUATION
 Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in your
Activity/Assessment Notebook.Label your work as Q2-Lesson 5-Evaluation.

1. The key principles of DRR are,

A. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Rehabilitation
B. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, Risk Reduction, and Disaster
Preparedness
C. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Governance
D. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, and Rehabilitation

2. The following are the concepts of DRR, EXCEPT

A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation

3. What is the main aim of DRR?

A. To save lives and protect properties C. To make people prepare for disasters
B. To provide funds during disaster D. To help people in times of disaster

4. Its main responsibility is making disaster risk reduction a priority,

A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation

5. It measures undertaken immediately following an emergency aimed to save lives and protecting
properties
A. Mitigation C. Rehabilitation
B. Preparedness D. Response

Lesson 6
Different Community-Based
Practices for Managing Disaster Risk

INTRODUCTION
A community is a group of people living in the same place having a particular characteristics in
common. Communities, government institutions and community based organizations are strengthened
to contribute to local agenda for building resilient communities. Community preparedness refers to
community-wide efforts to give citizens the training, education and resources they need to prepare in
advance against threat of a possible local disaster at an individual level and collective level. Hence,
community-based practices for managing disaster risk is necessary to become prepared, responsive
and resilient.

OBJECTIVES/COMPETENCIES – ESTIMATED TIME

 Discuss the different community-based practices for 3 hours
managing disaster risk to specipic hazards.
 Develop community preparedness plan 1 hour
 Prepare survival kits and materials for one’s family and 1 hour
for public information and advocacy
PRE-ASSESSMENT
 Before we embark on this journey, let’s find out how much you already know aboutthe topic in this
Module through the following exercise.

Activity 1– PRE-ASSESSMENT1

Directions:Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of your answer in your
Activity/Assessment Notebook. Indicate the date when you did this homework. Entitle your work asQ2 –
Lesson 1 – Activity 1 – Pre-Assessment 1.

1. A result from the sudden shifting of the earth’s crust below or at the surface, causing ground
vibrations and shocks.
A. Earthquake C. Fire
B. Tropical Cyclone D. Storm Surge

2. The following are the steps you should do during the earthquake EXCEPT,
A. During the earthquake execute duck, cover and hold.
B. Take cover under sturdy table or piece of furniture for protection from falling
object.
C. Hold that position and stay wherever you are until the shaking stops and you cannot
anymore feel the ground movement.
D. In an orderly manner, exit the building, staying low to avoid smoke inhalation.
3. Which of the following is NOT a community-based practices for DRR?
A. Fire Drill B. Earthquake Drill C. Sports Feast D. Clean-up drive

4. What is the benefit of community-based practices of DRR?

C. The community-based practices for managing disaster risk is necessary to become
prepared, responsive and resilient.
D. The community-based practices on drills are necessary for information and advocacy.
E. It makes people prepared in times of disaster.
F. It improves collaboration among community members.
5. Among the different occurrence of disaster, what you should do that’s common to all situation?

G. Prepare your survival kit C. Listen to the warnings or forecasts

MOTIVATION
DRR Community-Based Practices Purpose
There is No Such Thing as Natural Disaster, Only Natural Hazards.

Activity 2– DRR Community-Based Practices

Direction: List the different disaster risk reduction community-based practices
in your own barangay that you have participated in the past years and write the
corresponding purpose of each.

Attend symposia and seminarsD. Know the evacuation plan

 Different Community-Based Practices
A. Earthquake Drill
Earthquakes result from the sudden shifting of the earth’s crust below or at
the surface, causing ground vibrations and shocks.

Schools in CDO conducting Earthquake Drills every quarter

Situation Practices

- Know the emergency evacuation plan and

prepare survival kit.
- Be familiar with the dangerous spot inside
offices, buildings, houses, or rooms.
- Be careful with things which may harm
people during earthquake. It is better to fix as early
Before as possible like faulty electrical wiring, leaky gas
connection, movable glass tables, cabinets and
shelves.
- Identify safe places indoors and outdoors.
- Educate everyone about emergency contacts.
- Prepare stocks of emergency supplies like
foods, water, medicines, flashlights and more.
Survival kit is a must.
- Make an evacuation and reunion plan.
Ensure that everyone will see each other after the
earthquake, agree a
meeting place after the disaster.
- During the earthquake execute duck, cover
and hold.
- Take cover under sturdy table or piece of
furniture for protection from falling objects.
- Hold that position and stay wherever you are
until the shaking stops and you cannot anymore feel
During the ground movement.
- Do not immediately proceed to the door,
some doors will swings which can even cause
injury.
- Then go out of the building as you feel safe
to do so.
 - Once the earthquake is over, listen to the
battery operated radio or television for updates of
aftershock.
After - Stay away from damaged area.
- Stay away from the beach if living in a coastal
area
- Be aware of possible tsunamis
- Landslide re also possible for mountainous
areas as well as the ground rapture for areas along
active fault lines which causes the ground break
- If outsiders, move away from building and
strengths.
- Immediately proceed to open area.
- Once in the open, stay there and do not go
near building and tall infrastructure to avoid falling
If Outside debris
During - If in a moving vehicle, stop as quickly as
Earthquake safety permits.
- Avid stopping near buildings, overpasses,
bridges, or ramps which might have been damaged
during earthquake.
- If you are on a sidewalk near building, duck
into a doorway to protect yourself from falling
breaks, glass,
plaster, and other debris.
- I you are in a crowded store or other public
place,
If Inside/ Trapped In An do not rush to exits. Move away from display shelves
containing objects that might fall.
Establishment During - If trapped under debris, cover your mouth
Earthquake with handkerchief.
B.Fire Drill
Fire becomes disaster when it goes out of control and spreads fast, threatening
human life, homes, and other structures.

Fire Drill of FS Catanico High School

Situation Practices
- Know the emergency evacuation plan and
Before prepare the survival kit.
- In an orderly manner, exit the building, staying low to
avoid smoke inhalation.
- If the fire alarm has been activated, pull the closest fire
 alarm when exiting the building.
- Familiarized yourself the layout of the building. Escape
routes are posted throughout buildings in areas easily
accessible to everyone.
During and After the - If you are the last to exit a classroom or office close the
Fire door, reducing the fire’s spread and damage.
- After exiting, meet in designated areas to be counted
for. Under no circumstances should you re-enter a burning
building.

C.Tropical Cyclones, Flash flood and Storm surge

Tropical cyclones are giant whirlwinds, which are locally known as bagyo. Rainfall
associated with a tropical cyclone can be intense over a long period of time.

Floods occur when bodies of water such as streams and rivers overflow their natural
borders and inundate the surrounding areas such as plains or low-lying areas.
A flood that rises and falls quite rapidly with little or no advanced warning, usually
as a result of intense rainfall over a relatively small area are called flash floods. Often,
there is a short interval between rainfall and the occurrence of the flood, which makes
a flash flood particularly dangerous.
Storm surge is the rise in sea level or the piling up of seawater that sweeps inland due
to increase in wind velocity and decrease in atmospheric pressure during a tropical
cyclone. Storm surge happens when a tropical cyclone nears the coastal area where
the shallow slope off the coast will allow a greater surge to inundate coastal
communities.

Situation Practices
Know the emergency evacuation plan and prepare the
survival kit.
- Listen to the early warnings like PAG-ASA forecast
and warnings and local community warnings.
- Get the household members ready anytime in case of
flash flood.
- Listen to the evacuation and preventive measures of
Before the local or barangay DRRM like early evacuation.
- Evacuate while roads and bridges are passable en
route to the evacuation area
- Bring pets and farm animals to higher and safe ground.
- Coordinate with the DRRM for instruction.
- Turn off the main electricity switch and the LPG tank,
and lock the doors.
- Always find secure elevated place.
- Keep away from flooded areas especially if you are
not sure how deep the floodwater is.
During - Keep children away from playing in floodwater.
- Make sure that the area is safe before leaving the
 evacuation center.
- Repair the damaged parts of the house.
- Make sure that electrical lines and outlets are safe
before using them again.
- Help out in the repair of damaged facilities in the
After community such us school, water pipes, etc.
- Make sure your food is properly cooked and water is
boiled for drinking.
D.Epidemic / Pandemic

An epidemic is a rapid and significant increase in normal number of cases of an infectious

disease and spreading form person to person in a locality where the disease is not
permanently prevalent. The most common epidemics in the Philippines are measles,
malaria, dengue, cholera and lately the COVID-19. On the other hand, pandemic is an
epidemic disease that has spread over a large area that is prevalent in the whole country,
continent or the whole world.

Situation Practices
- Listen to the early warnings like DOH and IATF
Before - Inform the household members to be ready anytime.
- Practice minimum standard of health practices like sanitation
and disinfecting procedures.
- Follow the government mandates and guidelines.
During - Stay at home is the best remedy.

After - Follow the government mandates and guidelines on the post

minimum health standard practices.

E. Clean-Up Drive

A clean-up drive is to raise environmental awareness and strengthen collaboration

among members of the community. The main purpose is to help each part of the
community stay in a clean surrounding that is beneficial to the residents. Usually the
clean-up drive is initiated by the barangay officials, school personnel, or an
organization. Clean-up drive have many benefits like prevention of climate change,
promote waste reduction, unclogging of drainage as prevention for flash floods, and
other related geological hazards and meteorological hazards.

School initiated community clean-up drive and coastal/river clean-up drive

F. Seminar- Workshop on DRRM, First Aid Seminar and Awareness Campaign

 Symposia

Awareness campaigns and seminars on DRRM is widespread in all government and

non- government agencies as mandated in the law, RA 10121. Local communities h
ave different awareness campaigns to battle disasters and crisis. More so, all schools
are integrating DRRM in the lesson, symposia, and drills are all part of advocacy to
make the people informed and involved thus, minimizing the impacts of disasters to the
lives and properties.

School initiated awareness campaigns and symposia on DRRM

Community-based preparedness and planning allows the people to manage potential
hazards following a disaster event. Communities can plan to work together to reduce
injury, death and property damage. Community preparedness will have improved the
ability of individuals and groups to reduce the effects of the hazard impact and manage
resources until assistance is available.
The community preparedness plan is governing by four (4) key phases:
1. Mitigation – measures taken in advance of a hazard impact to reduce or eliminate
risk to society and environment. System and policies are being implemented to
deter,detect, deny and defuse hazards or threats.
2. Preparedness – course of action of each kind of emergency outlined, and conduct
drills / dry-run to enhance emergency response during and after the disaster.
3. Response – plan of steps to take during crisis are put into effect and directed
towards saving life, protecting property, and dealing with the immediate damage caused
by the disaster.
4. Rehabilitation – deals on restoration of affected communities / areas to proper or
normal level of functioning and development with reduced vulnerability and increased
sustainability.
Community preparedness plan are activities designed to avoid or minimized loss of life
and damage of property as well as activities to organize and facilitate timely and effective
rescue, relief and rehabilitation operation in the aftermath of disastrous event.

The following are the basic parts of the Community Preparedness Plan:
1. Organization of Barangay DRRMC or Barangay Development Council (BDC)
and with participation of local stakeholders
2. Establishment of alerting and communication system
3. Detailed courses of action for each kind of crisis or disaster
4. Detailed community evacuation map
Information dissemination and advocacy
PRACTICE
Activity 3. WHAT’S MY PURPOSE?
Direction: The table below shows the emergency early warning devices. Fill up the
third column by writing the purpose of each device for the given specific hazard.

Hazard Early Warning Device Purpose

Two-way radio

Flood

Megaphone
Fire alarm / bell

Fire
Megaphone

Alarm / bell

Earthqauke

Whistle

VALUES INTEGRATION
Job well done! Congratulations for achieving such values from the activity. Now
you are ready to reflect on our next activity.

Activity 3– REFLECTION TIME!

Direction: Write a short paragraph on your reflection to the question below.
Entitle your work as Q2-Lesson 5-Activity 4-Reflection Time.
1. Have you participated any drill in your school or in your community? What
have you learn from that drill? What is your suggestion/s to improve the drill?

2. As Notre Damean, what values did you learned from the lesson? Explain.

EVALUATION
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

1.What is the benefit of community-based practices of DRR?

A.The community-based practices for managing disaster
risk is necessary to become prepared, responsive and
resilient.
B.The community-based practices on drills are necessary for
information and advocacy.
C.It makes people prepared in times of disaster.
D.It improves collaboration among community members.

2.The following are the steps you should do during the earthquake EXCEPT,
A.During the earthquake execute duck, cover and hold.
B.Take cover under sturdy table or piece of furniture for
protection from falling objects.
C. Hold that position and stay wherever you are until the shaking
stops and you cannot anymore feel the ground movement.
D.In an orderly manner, exit the building, staying low to avoid smoke
inhalation.

3. Among the different occurrence of disasters, what you should do that

is common to all situations?
A.Prepare your survival kit C. Listen to the warnings or forecasts
B.Attend symposia and seminars D. Know the evacuation plan

4.Which of the following is NOT a community-based practices for DRR?

A.Fire Drill C. Sports Feast
B.Earthquake Drill D. Clean-up drive

5. A result from the sudden shifting of the earth’s crust below or at the
surface, causing ground vibrations and shocks.
A.Earthquake C. Fire
B.Tropical Cyclone D. Storm Surge
6.It deals on restoration of affected communities / areas to proper or
normal level of functioning and development with reduced vulnerability
and increased sustainability.
A.Preparedness C. Response
B.Mitigation D. Rehabilitation

7.The measures taken in advance of a hazard impact to reduce or

eliminate risk to society and environment. System and policies are
 being implemented to deter, detect, deny and defuse hazards or
threats.
A.Preparedness C. Response
B.Mitigation D. Rehabilitation

8.Are activities designed to avoid or minimized loss of life and damage

of property as well as activities to organize and facilitate timely and
effective rescue, relief and rehabilitation operation in the aftermath of
disastrous event.
A.Preparedness Plan C. Response Plan
B.Mitigation Plan D. Rehabilitation Plan

9.A course of action of each kind of emergency outlined, and conduct

drills / dry-run to enhance emergency response during and after the
disaster.
A.Preparedness C. Response
B.Mitigation D. Rehabilitation

10. A plan of steps to take during crisis are put into effect and directed
towards saving life, protecting property, and dealing with the
immediate damage caused by the disaster.
A.Preparedness B. Mitigation C. Response D. Rehabilitation