CHAPTER 2

Past Time

o PRACTICE 1. Simple past. (Charts 2-1 -+ 2-7)

Directions: Change the sentences to past time. Use simple past verbs and yesterday or last.

PRESENT PAST

every day yesterday

every morning yesterday morning
every afternoon yesterday afternoon
every night last night
every week last week
every Monday, Tuesday, etc. last Monday, Tuesday, etc.
every month last month
every year last year

1. I walk to my office every morning.

2. I talk to my parents on the phone every week.

-+ I tt:'\lkeJ. to my parents on the phone _ _=->"'-'-- week.

3. The post office opens at eight o'clock every morning.

-+ The post office opened at eight o'clock yesterday morning
_
morning.

4. Mrs. Hall goes to the fruit market every Monday.

-+ Mrs. Hall go to the fresh fruit market last Monday.

5. The company managers meet at nine o'clock every Friday morning.

-+ The executives meeted at nine o'clock last friday _
Friday morning.

6. I make my own lunch and take it to work with me every morning.

--+ meked morning, I yesterday morning my own lunch and
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it to work with me.

18
 7. Mr. Clark pays his rent on time every month.
pay last
--+ Mr. Clark
- - - - - - - - - - his rent on time - - - - - - - - - - month.
8. The baby falls asleep at three o'clock every afternoon.
--+ afternoon, the baby asleep at three
o'clock.

9. The last bus to downtown leaves at ten o'clock every night.

--+ The last bus to downtown at ten o'clock _
night.

<) PRACTICE 2. Simple past: regular and irregular verbs. (Charts 2-2 and 2-7)
Directions: Write the simple past form of the given verbs.

1. start s+-t:'w+-ed. 16. bring brougth

2. go we\\+- 17. break broke
3. see saw 18. eat ate
4. stand stood 19. watch watched
5. arrive arrived 20. build built
6. win won 21. take took
7. have has 22. pay paid
8. make made 23. leave left
9. finish finished 24. wear worn
10. feel felt 25. open opened
11. fall
fell 26. decide decided
12. hear heard 27. plan planned
13. sing sang 28. write written
14. explore explored 29. teach taught
15. ask asked 30. hold held

<) PRACTICE 3. Simple past forms. (Charts 2-1 --+ 2-3)

Directions: Use the given words to create questions and answers.

1. you/answer
A: The teacher asked a question. Did. yct.\ t:'\\\swey
B: Yes, _ _-'--"'="'---- _ I t:'\\\sweyed.
No, _ _-'--"'=='--'---- _ I d.id.\\J+- t:'\\\swey

PastTime 19
 2. he/see
A: Tom went to the celebration. _____________ the fireworks?
B: Yes, _ _ the fireworks. OR

No, _ _ the fireworks.

3. they/watch
A: The game was on TV: _______________ it?
B: Yes, _ _ the game. OR

No, _ _ the game.

4. you/understand
A: You went to a lecture. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it?
B: Yes, _ _ the lecture. OR

No, _ _ the lecture.

5. you/be
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ at home last night?
B: Yes, _ _ at home last night. OR

No, _ _ at home last night.

<> PRACTICE 4. Present and past negatives. (Chapter 1 and Charts 2-1 --+ 2-3)
Directions: The sentences in quotation marks contain incorrect information. Complete the
unfinished sentences by using correct information: first in a negative sentence, then in an
affirmative sentence.

1. "You flew to school yesterday."

2. "Lemons are sweet."

No, lemons sweet. They _

3. "Astronauts walked on Mars in 1969."

No, astronauts on Mars in 1969. They _

in 1969.

4. "You were a baby in the year 2000."

No, I in 2000. I years old in 2000.

5. "Buddha came from China."

No, Buddha from China. Buddha _

from Nepal.

20 CHAPTER2
 6. "Coffee comes from cocoa beans."
No, coffee from cocoa beans. It _

7. "You slept outdoors last night."

No, I outdoors last night. I _

8. "Ice is hot."
No, ice hot. It _

9. "Dinosaurs disappeared a hundred years ago."

No, dinosaurs a hundred years ago.
They ago.

<> PRACTICE 5. Simple past: questions. (Charts 2-2 and 2-3)

Directions: Write past tense questions using the italicized words and did, was, or were.

1. he/study Dl.A l-\e st!.\.Ay yesterday?

2. he/sick Wel\S l-\e Slc~ yesterday?

3. she/sad yesterday?

4. they/eat yesterday?

5. they/hungry yesterday?

6. you/go yesterday?

7. she/understand yesterday?

8. he/forget yesterday?

<> PRACTICE 6. Simple past: questions. (Charts 2-2 and 2-3)

Directions: You took your driver's test yesterday. A friend is asking you questions about it. Fill in
the blanks with did, was, or were.

1.

2. _ _ _ _ _ _ you nervous?
3. _ _ _ _ _ _ your hands shake?

4. _ _ _ _ _ _ you practice a lot for it?

5. _ _ _ _ _ _ the license examiner friendly?

6. _ _ _ _ _ _ you make any silly mistakes?

7. _ _ _ _ _ _ the car easy to drive?

8. _ _ _ _ _ _ you go on an easy route?

Past Time 21
<> PRACTICE 8. Regular verbs: pronunciation of -ED endings. (Chart 2-4)
Directions: Practice pronouncing final -ed by saying the words in the list aloud.

1. stopped = stop/t/ 11. finished = finish/t!

2. robbed = rob/dl 12. seem = seem!dl
3. wanted = want/ad/ 13. killed = kill/d!
4. talked = talk/t! 14. turned = turn/dl
5. lived = live/dl 15. played = play/dl
6. needed = need/ad/ 16. continued = continue/d!
7. passed = pass/t!* 17. repeated = repeat/ad/
8. pushed = push/t! 18. waited = wait/ad/
9. watched = watch/t/ 19. added = add/ad/
10. thanked = thank It! 20. decide = decide/ad/

<> PRACTICE 9. Regular verbs: pronunciation of -ED endings. (Chart 2-4)

Directions: Write the correct pronunciation. Then practice pronouncing final -ed by saying the
words in the list aloud.

1. talked = talk! t- I 11. continued = continuel I

2. lived = livel ~ I 12. watched = watch/ I
3. waited = wait! g~ I 13. passed = passl I
4. played = playl I 14. decide = decidel I
5. added = addl I 15. stopped = stopl I
6. needed = needl I 16. turned = turn! I
7. killed = killl I 17. thanked = thank! I
8. finished = finishl I 18. wanted = want! I
9. seemed = seem! I 19. robbed = robl I
10. repeated = repeat! 20. pushed = push/ I

<> PRACTICE 10. Spelling and pronunciation of -ED endings. (Charts 2-4 and 2-5)
Directions: Add -ed to each verb. When necessary, add or change letters to correct the spelling.
Then circle the correct pronunciation of -ed for the given verb.

1. walke~ @)Id! Igd! 9. open It! Idl Igd!

2. patte~ It! Idl
~ 10. hurry It! Idl Igd!
3. worrjie~ It! @) Igdl 11. rent It! Idl Igdl
4. stay It! Idl Igd! 12. try It! Idl Igdl
5. visit It! Idl l:Jdl 13. enjoy It! Idl Igdl
6. die It! Idl Igdl 14. stop It! Idl l:Jdl
7. trade It! Idl Igdl 15. need It! Idl Igdl
8. plan It! Idl Igdl

*The words "passed" and "past" have the same pronunciation.

PastTime 23
<> PRACTICE 11. Regular verbs: pronunciation of -ED endings. (Chart 2-4)
Directions: Practice pronouncing final -ed by reading the sentences aloud.

1. I watched TV Jean listened to the radio. Nick waited for the mail.
watch/t/ listen/d/ wait/ad/

2. I tasted the soup. It seemed too salty.

taste/ad/ seem/dl

3. James planned for his future. He saved money and started his own business.
plan/d/ save/d/ start/ad/

4. I asked a question. Joe answered it. Then he repeated the answer for Ted.
ask/t/ answer/dl repeat/ad/

5. I stared at the sculpture for a long time. Finally, I touched it.

stare/d/ touch/t/

6. Mary prepared a long report for her boss. She completed it late last night.
prepare/d/ complete/ddt

7. After Dick parked the car, I jumped out and opened the door for my mother.
park/t/ jump/t/ open/d/

8. After I finished reading Rod's poem, I called him and we talked for an hour.
finishlt/ callidI talk/t/
9. Earlier today, I cleaned my apartment.
clean/dl

10. I washed the windows, waxed the wood floor, and vacuumed the carpet.
wash/t/ wax/t/ vacuum/d/
11. I crossed my fingers and hoped for good news.
cross/t/ hope/t/

<> PRACTICE 12. Spelling of -ING and -ED forms. (Chart 2-5)
Directions: Complete the chart. Refer to Chart 2-5 if necessary.

END OF DOUBLE THE SIMPLE

VERB CONSONANT? FORM -ING -ED

-e NO excite e,cclt-i\\B e,cci+-e.A

Two
Consonants exist

TwoVowels +
One Consonant shout

One Vowel + ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS

One Consonant pat

TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS (STRESS ON FIRST SYLLABLE)

visit
-----._-----------_._-------- --------------._---------------._-------------------------------------------------.------------------.--------------
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS (STRESS ON SECOND SYLLABLE)
admit

-y pray
pry

-ie tie

24 CHAPTER 2
 CHAPTER 4
The Present Perfect and
the Past Perfect

<> PRACTICE 1. Forms of the present perfect. (Charts 4-1 ---+ 4-3)
Directions: Complete the dialogues with the given verbs and any words in parentheses. Use the
present perfect.

1. eat A: (you, ever) Ht'\ve yo", evev et'\te" pepperoni pizza?

B: Yes, I ~t'\ve . I ~t'\ve et'\\-e" pepperoni pizza
many times. OR

No, I ~t'\ve"Jt . I (never) ~t'\ve "evev et'\\-e" pepperoni

pizza.

2. talk A: (you, ever) to a famous person?

B: Yes, I · I to a lot of famous
people. OR

No, I . I (never) to a
famous person.

3. rent A: (Erica, ever) a car?

B: Yes, she She a car many times. OR

No, she . She (never)

a car.

4. see A: (you, ever) a shooting star?

B: Yes, I · I a lot of shooting stars. OR

No, I · I (never) a shooting star.

5. catch A: (Joe, ever) a big fish?

B: Yes, he He lots of big fish. OR

No,he He (never)
a big fish.

64
 6. have A: (you, ever) a bad sunburn?
B: Yes, I . I a bad sunburn several times. OR

No, I . I (never) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a bad

sunburn.

<> PRACTICE 2. The present perfect. (Charts 4-1 -+ 4-3)

Directions: Complete the sentences with the present perfect of the verbs in parentheses.

1. A cell phone is so convenient. I (want)

available for sale.

2. I quit eating meat when I was in college. I (be) _____________ a strict

vegetarian for several years and feel very healthy.

3. We got a dog because we live in an isolated area. She (be) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a

wonderful watchdog for us.

4. We (fly) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that airline many times because the service is excellent.

5. Our neighbors (pick up, not) their mail yet. They may
not be back from their trip.

6. Vivian (change) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ her hair color so many times that no one can
remember her natural color.

7. Our teacher (correct, already) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ our tests, but she

(return, not) them yet.

8. A: Jose left two messages on my answering machine. I wonder what he wants.

B: Maybe he just wants to talk. He said he (talk, not)
to you in a long time.

9. My parents (need) ----'_ _ a new car for several months. They (look)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in lots of car showrooms, but they can't agree on what kind of car
to buy.

10. A: (you, have) your flu shot this year? I got mine last week.
B: No, but I will. I (get) one every year for the past three years.
My doctor says it's a good idea after the age of 50.

The Present Perfect and the Past Perfect 65

<> PRACTICE 3. Review: irregular verbs. (Charts 2-6, 2-7, and 4-1)
Directions: Write each verb in the correct group.

./ring put quit have shut teach

./hurt drink stick swzm sink pay
./win stand upset find let bring
feed keep meet szng catch set
weep sit cut buy fight think

GROUP I. Simple form, simple past, and GROUP Ill. Simple past and past participle
past participle are the same. are the same.
Example: cost ~ cost ~ cost Example: find ~ found ~ found

GROUP II. The vowel changes: i ~ a ~ u.

Example: begin ~ began ~ begun

66 CHAPTER4
<> PRACTICE 4. The present perfect. (Charts 4-1 ---+ 4-3)
Directions: Complete the sentences with the present perfect of the verbs in the list and any words
in parentheses. Use each verb only once.

eat look save .fuse

gzve play sleep wear
improve rise speak wm

1. People L-\owe lASetA leather to make shoes for hundreds of years.

2. The night is over. It's daytime now. The sun _

3. I (never) golf, but I'd like to. It looks like fun.

4. Our team is great. They all of their games so far this year. They
haven't lost a single game.

5. Amy must be mad at me. She (not) _ one word to me all

evening. I wonder what I did to make her angry.

6. The cat must be sick. He (not) any food for two days. We'd
better call the vet.

7. Our teacher us a lot of tests and quizzes since the beginning of the
term.

8. We put a little money in our savings account every month. We want to buy a car, but we (not)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ enough money yet. We'll have enough in a few more months.

9. (you,ever) _

outdoors for an entire night? I mean without a tent,

with nothing between you and the stars?

10. My aunt puts on a wig whenever she goes out, but I

(never) a wig

in my whole life.

11. Paul's health - - - - - - - - - - - - - a lot

since he started eating the right kinds of food, exercising
regularly, and handling the stress in his life. He's never
felt better.

12. I can't find my keys. I everywhere-in all my

pockets, in my briefcase, in my desk. They're gone.

The Present Perfect and the Past Perfect 67

o PRACTICE 5. The present perfect vs. the simple past. (Charts 4-3 and 4-4)
Directions: Write F if the activity or situation is finished and c if it continues to the present.

o PRACTICE 6. Review: irregular verbs. (Charts 2-6, 2-7, and 4-1)

Directions: Complete the sentences with the simple past and the present perfect of the given verbs.

1. begin I bE::glt:'l.\\ a new diet and exercise program last week. I

l.\t:'I.VE:: begl!.\\\ lots of new diet and exercise programs in my lifetime.

2. bend I down to pick up my young son from his crib this morning. I
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ down to pick him up many times since he was born.

3. broadcast The radio news about a terrible earthquake in Iran

last week. The radio news about Iran every day

since the earthquake occurred there.

4. catch I a cold last week. I a lot

of colds in my lifetime.

5. come A tourist into Mr. Nasser's jewelry store after lunch. A lot of
tourists into his store since he opened it last year.

6. cut I some flowers from my garden yesterday. I

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lots of flowers from my garden so far this summer.

7. dig The workers a hole to fix the leak in the water pipe. They
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ many holes to fix water leaks since the earthquake.

68 CHAPTER 4