Group 3

WORD-FORMATION
Submitted for Morphosyntax Assignment

Made By :

Name : NPM :

1. Anggun Safitri 1911040264

Lecturer :

Septa Aryanika, M.Pd

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING FACULTY

RADEN INTAN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERCITY OF LAMPUNG

2020
 PREFARACE

Praise be to thank God that we pray the almighty God, because with all his power we
can finally compile a paper entitled “ Word Formation” according to the predermined
time. We would like to express our gratitude to Mrs. Septa Aryanika, M. Pd, as the
supervisor who has provided a lot of input and suggestions that were very useful in
the process of completing this paper. We also express our gratitude to all those who
have participated in helping to contribute their thoughs that we cannot mention one by
one.

This paper was created to fulfill the assignment of the Morphosyntax, we sincerely
hope that this paper will provide ,any benefits to readers. Finally, we really hope for
input criticism and suggestions from all parties so that this paper can be more perfect.

Bandar Lampung, September 21, 2021

Author
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Language is a tool for communication that is used by all human beings. Each country
must have their own language that is different from the language of other countries.
There are even countries that have more thatn one language. In language there are
many elements, one of which is the word as a constituent of language. In every
language, it is necessary for words to be arranged into a sentence.
Wors is an element in language that has meaning. The word itself must be very
important in human life. Humans need words in a language to be able to communicate
with other humans. In human history, there have been many words changes and the
formation of new words. Learning the formation of new words is also very important
because then we can also know the right and wrong words. In English, the process of
forming new words is called word-formation.
Word formation is process of creating new word that is done by adding additional
words such as prefix and suffix. The word form are not just any words, but also must
have a task and can be used by humans in their lives. In its formation, word formation
have several process that is coinage, acronyms, blending, clipping, convertion
derivation and many more.
.
B. Research question
1. What is word formation?
2. types od word formation?
3. What is three main process of word formation?
C. Purpose of the paper
1. To know what is the definition word formation
2. To know types od word formation
3. To know what is three main process of word formation
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. WORD FORMATION
Word formation is a rule-based process for producing new words. Often, the study of word
formation has been undertaken from a purely formal perspective. In general, word formation
is the process of forming new words from existing words with several rules that must be met.
To make a new word, usually by adding the suffix or prefix of an existing words so that it can
change the meaning or structure of the word. That’s why in English suffix and prefix are very
important and indispensable. The example of word formation is the word happiness which
comes from word happy and is added with the suffix ness so as to produce a new word
structure and meaning.
B. TYPES OF WORD FORMATION
There are several types of word formation that is:
1. Verb Formation
Verb formation are usually added with the suffix ize and ify. Suffixex ize and ify can be
added to many nouns and adjectives to form verbs such as:
 -ize : memorize, idealize, individualize
 En : shorten, lighten, woolen
 Ify : identify, signify, falsify
2. Noun Formation
Noun formations can usually be added to the suffix er, ment, and ation, these suffixes can
be added to many verbs to form nouns. The suffixes ly and ness can also be added to
many adjectives to form nouns.
 Er : opener, painter, teacher
 Ment : environment, agreement, discernment
 Ation : creation, donation, duration
The suffixes ly and ness can also be added to many adjectives to form nouns.
 Ly : oddity, stupidity, cruelty
 Ness : darkness, kindess, deafness
3. Adverb Formation
Adverb formation is the formation of adverbs by adding the suffix ly to almost all
adjectives to form an adverb.
 Ly : quickly, easily, mainly
  Wards : onewards
 Wise : clockwise
4. Adjective Formation
Adjective formation is the formation of adjectives by adding the suffixes y, ical, ful, and
less to many nouns to form adjectives.
 y : dirty, smelly
 ic/Ical : biological, poetic
 Ful : beautiful,
 Less : helpless, hopeless
5. Opposite
There are several prefixes that can be used in front of many words to form opposite
meanings. But be aware that words formed in this way are not always exact opposites and
something have slightly different meanings. Prefixes that can be added are as follows:
 Un : unhappy, unblock
 In : inefficient,
 Im : impossible
 Il : illegal
 Ir : irreguler
 Dis : disappear
 De : decrease
 Non : nonsense
C. THREE MAIN PROCESS OF WORD FORMATION
Word formation memiliki banyak sekali proses. Namun 3 proses terpentingnya yaitu sebagai
berikut:
a. AFFIXATION
1. Prefix
Characteristics of prefix is :
 gelerally they don’t alter the word class of the base
 They are normally written together with the base as a single word.
 Main stress falls normally on the base.
 They can be grouped according to their meaning.
a) Negative prefixes
Dis Disagree, disappear, dislike
Ir irresponsible, irregular
 Im imbalance, impossible
Il illegal, illogical
In inactive, invisible
Non non-verb, non-exixtent
Un unfair, unfortunately
A (n) amoral, atheist
b) Reversible Prefixes
Dis disheartened, discouraging
Un undo, undress
de defrost, depoliticize
c) Pejorative Prefixes
Mis misunderstanding, mishear
Mal malfunction, malpractice
Pseudo pseudo-scientific, pseudo-classicism
d) Prefixes of Degree and Size
Hyper hyperactive, hypersensitive
Under undertook, underpressure
Over overdo, overall
Sur surplus, surchange
Out outlive, outstanding
Super superman, supermarket
atch archduke, archenemy
e) Prefixes of Attitude
Counter counter-attack
Anti/pr anti-democracy, pto-democracy
o
Co cooperative, cooperation
f) Locative Prefixes
Trans transplant, transmusi
Inter international, interplay
Sub suvdivide, subway
g) Prefixes of Time and Older
Fore foretell, forewarn
Ex ex-wife
pre/post pre-historial, post-historial
Re reborn, rebuild
h) Number Prefixes
Bi/di bifocal, dithonomy
Multi multiculture
Uni/mon unilateral, monochrome
o
i) Conversion Prefixes
En/e
endanger, empower
m
Be bewitch, befriend
a afloat
2. Suffix
Characteristics of suffix is:
 They normally alter the word type of the base
 Suffix rarely have distinct meaning on their own
 The change the word into which they are included into another part of speech
 They can be classified according to the speech part they form, or according to the type
of base they are added to.
a) Noun Suffixes
 Occupational
Eer engineer
Ster gangster, gamester
Er banker, runner

 Diminutive and feminine

 Status, Domain (abstract)

 Quantity
Ship friendship
Ful helpful
Dom freedom

b) Noun/Adjective Suffixes
Ist novelist
Ese japanese
Ism communism

c) De-verbal Suffixes
Age package
Al approval
Ing swimming, living
ant applicant
Ion/atio operation
n
Ment arrangement
 d) De-adjectival Suffixes
Able readable
ness happiness
Al sentimental
Ity sentimentality

e) Verb Suffixes
Ize memorize
En shorten
ify identify

f) Adjective Suffixes
Ful beautiful
Able readable
En wooden
Ic Germanic
Ish foolish
Less helpless, useless

g) Adverb Suffixes
Ward onwards, eastwards
s
Wise clockwise
Ly happily, freely

b. COMPOUNDING
Compounding is two or more word joined together to form a new word, separately or
with a hypen.
Example : Home+Work : Homework
Pick+Pocket : Pickpocket
Fast+Food : Fast-Food
Baby-Sitter : Babysitter
The meaning of compound is not always the sum of the meanings of its part.
Example : coconut oil : oil made from coconut
Baby oil : an oil for babies, not oil made by babies
c. Conversion
Conversion is derivational process whereby an item changes its word-class. The conversion
process is particularly productive in modern English, with new uses occurring frequently. The
conversion can involve verbs becoming nouns, with guess, must and spy as the sources of a
guess, a must and a spy. Phrasal verbs (to print out, to take over) also become nouns (a
printout, a takeover). One complex verb combination (want to be) has become a new noun, as
in He isn’t in the group, he’s just a wannabe. Verbs (see through, stand up) also become
adjectives, as in see-through material or a stand-up comedian. Or adjectives, as in a dirty
floor, an empty room, some crazy ideas and those nasty people, can become the verbs to dirty
and to empty, or the nouns a crazy and the nasty.