Republic of the Philippines

Name: __________________________________Department of Education

Section: ___________________ Score:___________
Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Division of Zamboanga Del Sur
TUKURAN TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur

GRADE 7 SCIENCE LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

WEEK 1
Asking the right questions at the right time is a sign of
curiosity, objectivity and a desire to learn more. In scientific
This module is focused on the questions: investigation the question we ask is called a Research
 What is Scientific Investigation? Question. The research question is sometimes formed as a
statement and is called the "Problem" or "Problem
 What are the components of a Scientific Investigation? Statement."

After going through this module, you are expected to: The discussion on Enotes.com emphasizes that a good
research question has the following characteristics:
1. Define scientific investigation; and
• It should have some answers (real answers)
2. Describe the processes involved in a scientific investigation.
• It should be testable (can be tested by someone through
an experiment or measurement)
Science is the use of evidence to construct testable • Leads to a hypothesis that is falsifiable (means it should
explanations and predictions of natural phenomena as well as generate a hypothesis that can be shown to fail).
the knowledge generated through this process.
In general, questions that require you to recall observations or
We use the Scientific Method in order to achieve this. repeat given information are considered low-level questions.
Scientific investigation is also known as scientific inquiry. It is These questions do not require much thinking. High-level
a complete approach to learn science through practical works. questions, on the other hand, require you to think about why
and how things happen. It must be investigative in nature that
The scientific method is a process used by scientists to study it must identify cause-effect relationship between factors of
the world around them. It can also be used to test whether any investigation. Like for example, “Does increasing the amount
statement is accurate. You can use the scientific method to of salt affect the floating of an egg?” or “What is the effect of
study a leaf, a dog, an ocean, or the entire Universe. We all increasing the amount of salt on the floating of an egg?” is/are
have questions about the world. The scientific method is there good research question
to test if your answer is correct. You could ask, "Why do dogs
and cats have hair?" One answer might be that it keeps them 3. Formulating a Hypothesis
warm. A good scientist would then come up with an After you have identified a problem based on your
experiment to test whether the statement was accurate. observations and come up with asking research questions, you
BOOM! It's the scientific method in action. are now ready for the next steps of the Scientific Method
STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD which is formulating hypothesis.

1. Making an Observation Solutions to problems start with the formulation of a

hypothesis. A hypothesis is an educated guess based on one’s
Observation involves all of your basic sense organs: the observation. It is a tentative explanation for a behavior, event
eyes, nose, ears, tongue, and hands. In an observation, you do or phenomenon that will occur. A hypothesis maybe rejected
not only look, you have to stare; you don’t only hear, you or accepted.
listen, you don’t only taste and smell, you savor; and you
don’t only touch, you feel. Formulating a hypothesis is the same as predicting. It is made
about future events on the basis of ordered data. From the
Most of the time however, you think you are observing when hypothesis, solutions to the problem can be sought.
in fact you are inferring. While observation is actually seeing,
smelling, hearing, tasting and touching, inferring is making Remember, you can have many hypotheses for one
interpretations based on your past observations or experiences. observation. You can also state your hypothesis in different
You call this an inference. ways, for as long as the factors involved in the study are
included in the statement. One good way of stating the
 hypothesis is by using the “If” and “then”… statement.

Example: Using the experiment of Thomas Alva Edison.

 Qualitative observations merely describe quality
(Source: Science and Technology I, SEDP Series, DECS pp.
while quantitative observations express the exact
3-4. )
quantity referred to using a number.
 Quantitative observation is stated to answer how Problem: How to make a light enough to lit a room using a
much/how many of the qualitative observations are wire?
observed.
Question: What is the effect of decreasing the size of an iron
When you quantify your observations, you need to use some wire on the amount of light it produces?
mathematical concepts like measurement and formulas for
determining the mass and volume of objects. Hypothesis: If the size of an iron wire is thinner, then the
amount of light produced increases.
2. Asking Questions
Note: The underlined phrases are referred to as factors should read, reply and subsequently return the
involved in the study which will later be defined as variables questionnaire.

4. Designing an Experiment After collecting data for your experiment, you should
remember that these data must still undergo thorough
One of the essential parts of the scientific method is in analysis. There are many ways to present and analyze data.
designing the experiment. Through its conduct, the researcher/ One common example is by gathering the data collected in a
scientist can test the effect of different actions applied. It is a tabular form or presenting them through line graphs, bar
way of testing the hypothesis formulated. It checks or supports graphs or pie charts.
whether the hypothesis is a good solution to the problem
identified. The experiment consists of two groups: Here are some ways to help you analyze your experimental
experimental and control. The experimental group refers to data:
the group where the factor being treated is included, it is the 1. Always review your collected data. You may ask yourself
group being experimented on. The control group is the part of the following questions:
the experiment where the factors involved remains the same or a. Have I gathered enough data?
constant throughout the experiment. b. Did I make any mistakes while collecting data?
c. Do I need to gather more data?
An experiment includes factors that changes or alters during 2. Always make sure to label your tables and graphs clearly. It
the experiment. These factors are called variables. A variable is also wise to give a title for each presented data.
is something in the experiment that can be changed or 3. Include units of measurement such as centimeters, volume,
controlled (something that is kept constant) throughout the tablespoons, minutes, grams, inches, etc.
4. Place your independent variable on the x-axis of your graph
activity. These variables are the following: independent
and the dependent variable on the y-axis
variable, dependent variable and controlled (variable). The
5. Review your presented data more than once. Check
independent variable refers to the factor that is being
changed or manipulated by the person doing the experiment. for any missing value, misplaced information or wrong
computation. Once you have properly presented and analyzed
The dependent variable refers to the factor in which the
your data, you will be one step closer to reaching a conclusion
result of the changes in the independent variable is observed.
for your scientific investigation!
It changes as a response to the independent variable. Lastly, Making Conclusions and Communicating Results
there are factors that stay the same throughout the experiment REMEMBER: When drawing conclusions, you should
and they are called as constants/ control. answer the question or problem and it shall be based solely
5. Collecting and Analyzing Data on the results.

Scientific investigations produce data which lead to finding REMEMBER: A scientific investigation doesn’t end in just
solutions to the problem. These data must be collected and making a good conclusion. You also have to communicate
analyzed in order to find relationships between them. results. One of the ways to share results is to write a report
Furthermore, the data collected will tell whether the which has essential parts such as the Title, Problem,
formulated hypothesis is correct. Thus, data collected must be Hypothesis, Variables, Groups, Results, and Conclusions.
properly organized. Drawing Conclusions is an essential step because it:
In scientific investigation data collection is very important in ▪ contains a summary of the results of an experiment;
order to help you conclude a solution for the problem at hand. ▪ explains whether or not the results supported the original
Data collection helps to evaluate the outcome of the problem. hypothesis;
▪ discusses any errors that were made in following procedures
There are different methods of data collection. Quantitative or keeping variables constant;
data collection method is based on mathematical calculations ▪ makes recommendations on how to expand the experiment if
using various formats like close-ended questions, correlation it is going to be repeated; and
and regression methods, mean, median and mode methods. ▪ suggests ideas for future experiments that could build upon
This method is cheaper and can be applied in a short period of current knowledge.
time. Qualitative data collection method does not involve Communicating Results is an important step because it:
mathematical calculations. It includes interviews,
questionnaires, observations, case studies etc. ▪ allows the scientific community to review the information;
▪ lets the scientific community to extend the studies;
There are several methods to collect primary data. These are: ▪ permits the scientific community to use information for
related studies.
 Observation method is used when the study relates Scientists communicate their results in a number of ways such
to behavioral science. This method is planned as:
systematically. The different types of observation are ▪ talk to small groups of scientists or give talks at large
scientific meetings
1. Structured and unstructured observation ▪ report results in peer-reviewed journal articles and at
conferences
2. Controlled and uncontrolled observation ▪ write articles for scientific journals
▪ communicate results to journalists
3. Participation, non-participant and disguised
observation. Let’s Check Your Understanding!
 Interview method is a method of collecting data in Quiz #1: Poster Making on Nine Characters (TOTAL
terms of oral or verbal responses. It is achieved in SCORE: 10/10)
two ways, such as Personal Interview and Telephonic
Direction: Complete the poster from left to right. Use the
Interview.
given clue word that fits each description box. Write your
 Questionnaire Method is a method where
answer on the box provided.
questionnaires are given to the respondents. They
 ACTIVITY #1: COVID-19 (TOTAL SCORE: 15/15)

Direction: Read and understand the scenario below.

A community called Barangay Masamok is known for its

undisciplined and unhygienic people. One day, the community
was infected by a virus called COVID-19. No matter how
much the barangay officials advised its people to stay home,
wear face mask, and practice physical distancing when going
out, as well as wash their hands properly and regularly, the
people seem not to care. Because of their attitude and
behaviour, the virus quickly spread and became a pandemic.
Cardo Mahusay, the Barangay Captain of Barangay Masamok,
was alarmed by the situation. He investigated how many
individuals were infected for not following the suggested
precautionary measures when going out of their homes for five
days. Upon his investigation, he observed and recorded the
data on the table below:

Directions: Based on the activities you have done in the

previous lessons, complete the scientific investigation
report below and publish it by asking your guardian and
subject teacher to sign the space provided.