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Skeleetal Muscular System

This document defines key vocabulary terms related to skeletal and muscular systems, including different types of fractures, bone pathologies, spinal column pathologies, and joint pathologies. Terms defined include compound fracture, callus, cast, chiropractic, crepitation, exostosis, kyphosis, orthopedics, prosthesis, and more. Examples of bone cancers and conditions affecting bones, vertebrae, and joints are also described.

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39 views

Skeleetal Muscular System

This document defines key vocabulary terms related to skeletal and muscular systems, including different types of fractures, bone pathologies, spinal column pathologies, and joint pathologies. Terms defined include compound fracture, callus, cast, chiropractic, crepitation, exostosis, kyphosis, orthopedics, prosthesis, and more. Examples of bone cancers and conditions affecting bones, vertebrae, and joints are also described.

Uploaded by

J M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Skeletal-Muscular

Vocabulary  Compound Fracture – Fracture with an open skin wound;


also called open fracture.
 Callus – Mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture site  Compression Fracture – Fracture with loss of height in
during healing. vertebral body; often from osteoporosis.
 Cast – Solid material to immobilize a fracture; may be made  Fracture (FX, Fx) – Broken bone.
of plaster of Paris or fiberglass.  Greenstick Fracture – Incomplete break; one side of bine is
 Chiropractic – Practice of treating patients using broken, the other is bent; common in children.
manipulations of vertebral column; practitioner is a  Impact fracture – Bone fragments are pushed into each
chiropractor. other.
 Crepitation – Noise produce by bones or cartilage rubbing  Oblique Fracture – Fracture at an angle to the bone.
together.  Pathologic Fracture – fracture caused by diseased or
 Exostosis – Bone spur. weakened bone.
 Kyphosis – Abnormal increase in curve of thoracic spine;  Spiral Fracture – fracture line spiral around shaft of bone;
humpback. often slower to heal.
 Orthopedics – Branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis  Stress Fracture – Slight fracture caused by repetitive low-
and treatment of musculoskeletal system; physician is an impact forces like running.
orthopedist.  Transverse Fracture – fracture is straight across bone.
 Orthotic – Brace or splint used to prevent or correct
deformities; specialist in making is an orthoptist. Bone Pathologies
 Abnormal Spinal Curvatures – Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis.  Ewing's Sarcoma – Cancerous tumor of shaft long bones;
 Podiatry – profession specializing in diagnosis and spreads through periosteum; amputation is necessary to
treatment of disorders of feet and lower leg; practitioner is prevent metastasis.
podiatrist.  Osteogenic Sarcoma – Most common type of bone cancer;
 Prosthesis – Artificial device to substitute or a missing or begins in osteocytes.
damaged body part.  Osteomalacia – Softening of bones caused by calcium
 Prosthetics – Profession specializing in making prostheses; deficiency; caused in children with insufficient sunlight and
specialist in making is a prosthetist. Vitamin D.

Fractures Spinal Column Pathologies


 Closed Fracture – Fracture with no open skin wound; also  Ankylosing Spondylitis – Inflammatory condition resembles
called simple fracture. rheumatoid arthritis; gradual stiffening and fusion of
 Colles' Fracture – common wrist fracture. vertebrae.
 Comminuted Fracture – Fracture where bone is shattered,  Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) – Protrusion of an
splintered, or crushed. intervertebral disk; also called raptured disk.
Skeletal-Muscular

 Scoliosis – Lateral curve of spine.


 Spina Bifida – Congenital anomaly; vertebra fails to fully
form around spinal cord.
 Spinal Stenosis – Narrowing of spinal canal; causes pressure
on spinal cord and nerves.
 Spondylolisthesis – Forward sliding of lumbar vertebra over
vertebra below.

Joint Pathologies
 Bunion – Inflammation of bursa at base of great toe.
 Dislocation – Bones in joint are displaced from normal
alignment.
 Osteoarthritis – results in degeneration of bone and joints;
bone rubs against bone.
 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) – Autoimmune inflammation of
joints with swelling, stiffness, and pain; results in joint
deformities.

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