Assignment:Data communication and networks

Topic: Architecture of V-Phone to V-phone and

V-Phone to landline

SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Fareeha

SUBMITTED BY:Zunairakanwal

ROLL NO:114-bscs-08

SECTION:C

Government college university lahore

There are three generations in networking

1. AMPS
2. GSM
3. CDMA

AMPS:This technology is Analog base and no concept of internet in it e.g.paktel

GSMs:Concept of internet exits in it and its speed was 380kbps.E.g.ufone, Telenor.

CDMA: This is used in WLL(Wireless local loop) and its speed is 9.2 mbps.

Frequencies: 450 MHz in Rural areas and its range is 20-25kmwhereas 1900 in
urban areas and its range is 3-6km.

Wireless local loop (WLL):

It is the system that connects subscribers to the public switched
phone network (PSTN) using radio signals as a substitute for copper for all or part of the connection
between the subscriber and the switch. This includes cordless access system, proprietary fixed radio
access, and fixed cellular system.WLL uses various system/technologies i.e. CDMA, TDMA, FDMA. In
Pakistan WLL is base on CDMA technology.

FDMA:
Traffic channels: different frequency bands are allocated to different users,for example, AMPS
and TACS
 Us
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Us ser r
U
Us er
Us er
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Power Us
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Tim y
enc
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Fr

TDMA:
Traffic channels: different time slots are allocated to different users, for example, DAMPS and
GSM

Power

Tim cy
uen
e q
Fre

CDMA:

Traffic channels:different users are assigned unique code and transmitted over the same
frequency band, for example, WCDMA and CDMA2000.

CDMA2000:
CDMA2000 is the third generation radio transmission standard. It is the
upgraded version of CDMAone, which is currently deployed in USA. CDMA2000 can use wider
spectrum than the CDMA and therefore it can transmit and receive information faster and
efficiently. It is compatible with CDMAone. So it can protect the operator’s investment by
providing simple and cost effective migration path to the next generation.
The CDMA2000 is classified into two phases namely 1XRTT and 3XRTT. According to
1XRTT the CDMA2000 can be implemented using the existing spectrum allocations (1.25MHz).
It is capable of providing voice and data services. It uses a wide band of spectrum. So the
operators can offer high data rate up to 2Mbps. The Key features of CDMA2000 are:

 Simultaneous voice and data support for multimedia service.

 Higher data rates and good quality of voice.
 Simple and cost effective migration from the 2nd Generation mobile communication

CDMA2000 1X Network Structure

MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station

BSC: Base Station Controller MSC: Mobile Switching Center

HLR :Home Location Register VLR: Visitor Location Register

PCF: Packet data Control Function PDSN: Packet Data Service Node

HA: Home Agent FA: Foreign Agent

SCP: Service Control Point Radius: Remote Authentication Dial-in User Servic
Mobile Station (MS):
The MS is the mobile subscriber equipment, which can originate and receive calls and
communicate with the BTS.

Base Transceiver Station (BTS):

The BTS transmits and receives radio signals, realizing
communication between the radio system and the mobile station
Base Station Controller (BSC):
The BSC implements the following functions:
Base Transceiver Station (BTS) control and management, call connection and
disconnection, mobility management, stable and reliable radio link provision for the upper-layer
services by soft/hard handoff, power control, and radio resource management.
Base Station Subsystem:
BSS provides the wireless access network function
between the switching network and the mobile subscriber. It comprises the Base Transceiver
Station (BTS) and Base Station Controller (BSC).
Packet Control Function (PCF):
The PCF implements the R-P connection
management. Because of the shortage of radio resources, some radio channels should be released
when subscribers do not send or receive data, but the PPP connection is maintained continuously.
The PCF can shield radio mobility for the upper-layer services via handoff.
Packet Data Service Node (PDSN):
The PDSN implements the switching of packet data
services of mobile subscribers. One PDSN can be connected to multiple PCFs. It provides the
interface between the radio network and the packet data network.
Home Agent (HA):
The agent locates at the place where the Mobile Node opens its
account; receive the registration information from MN. Similar as HLR in mobile
network.Broadcast the accessible information of MN. Setup the tunnel between FA&HA.
Transfer the data from other computer to the MN via the tunnel.
Mobile Switching Center (MSC):
The MSC implements the service switching
between the calling and called subscribers. One MSC is connected with multiple BSCs. The
MSC can also be connected to the PSTN, ISDN or other MSCs. It provides the interface between
the radio network and PSTN.
GMSC:
An MSC that is capable of the intersystem procedures between entities in the
network reference model so as to provide service.
Visitor Location Register (VLR):
It is a dynamic database, stores the
temporary information (all data necessary to set up call connections) of the roaming subscribers
in the local MSC area. VLR is used to store the subscriber information of all the MSs in its local
area, which can be used to establish the incoming/outgoing call connections, to support basic
services, supplementary services and mobility management.

Home Location Register (HLR):

It is a database for mobile subscriber management, the HLR (Home Location Register) is
responsible for storing subscription information (telecom service subscription information and
subscriber status), MS location information, MDN, IMSI (MIN), etc. The AC (Authentication
Center) is physically combined with the HLR. It is a functional entity of the HLR, specially
dedicated to the security management of the CDMA system. It stores the authentication
information. It also prevents unauthorized subscribers from accessing the system and prevents
the radio interface data from being stolen.
Service Switching Point (SSP):
Service Switching Point (SSP), as the
functional entity of IN (Intelligent Network), is responsible for the provision of IN service
related switching.
Service Control Point (SCP ):
As the core entity of Intelligent Network (IN), a Service Control Point (SCP) saves the
subscriber data and service logic. SCP is receives the query information sent from SSP querying
database and coding. Also, SCP starts different service logic based on the call events reported by
SSP, and sends call control instructions according to the service logic to the corresponding SSP
to guide its next action, thus realizing various kinds of IN calls.
Intelligent Peripheral (IP):
The Intelligent Peripheral (IP) is a network functional unit built in MSC. It provides
private resources to SSP via internal interface, implementing various intelligent network
services.

A typical CDMA Network

 9
T
EIR I HL I
P R P
T3
F T 5
T
2
T T
MSC SC 8 SC 1 SS
P P P
E A
i
Um A D
MS BS MSC i ISDN

C B
H D
Q AC HL VL
R R

SME SME MC MC
M M M

There are three sections:

BSS: BSS consists of BTS and BSC

NSS:NSS consists of MSC, HLR and VLR

WIN: WIN consists of SCP, CMSC and PDSN

More than one BTS attach With BSC.One BSC attach with with one MSC.
MSC work is to interfacing and authentication and its attach with VLR and HLR.VLR check that
this user is of that router or not.HLR connected with WIN.
 WIN has three types :
 Prepaid
 Postpaid
 Semi prepaid
PDSN and CMSC check that credit exists ot not and SCP will cut off charges of calls.

Architecture of V-Phone to V-Phone call:

Signal
P C
BTS B M H
A D M
S S L S S
U N C
C C R
C
MS BTS
BSS VLR
BTS WIN
042-7812710
NSS MS
MS SCP

042-781692
Data service

Architecture of V-Phone to landline call:

 Signal
P C
BTS B M H
A D M
S S L S S
U PSTN N C
MS BTS C C R
C
VLR
042-7812710 BTS BSS
WIN
SCP
NSS

PSTN

Data service

042-75583752

Other network

Call happen through IMSI(interaction mobile subscriber identification)

MDN and MSC match tehey check that is is for mobile or landline.

Reference :PTCL (WLL) Agerton road MR jamil.

wikipedia