NOTRE DAME OF DADIANGAS UNIVERSITY

Integrated Basic Education Department

Senior High School
Lagao, General Santos City

Basic Calculus

Quarter/Term: Midterm Date: 2021.01.25 – 2021.01.29

Week No.: 3 21st Century Skills:
Damean’s Beat: Quality Education  Critical Thinking
NDDU’s 4Cs:  Christian Leaders ☐ Computing/ICT Literacy
 Competent Professionals ☐ Communication
☐ Community-Oriented Citizens ☐ Creativity
☐ Culture-Sensitive Individuals ☐ Collaboration
Teacher/s: Janfebbiecarl D. Bolinguit ☐ Cross Cultural Understanding
Hazel Mae S. Cañeda ☐ Career and Learning Self Reliance

Module No.: 3
I. Topic: Continuity of a Function
II. Learning Targets:
At the end of the lesson, I can:
Cognitive
1. illustrate continuity of a function at a number,
2. determine whether a function is continuous at a number or not,
3. illustrate continuity of a function on an interval,
4. solves problems involving continuity of a function,
Affective
5. share the importance of continuity in improving oneself
Psychomotor
6. write legibly the solution in solving problems involving continuity of a function

III. Introduction/Review/Content:

A Continuity is an unbroken or persistent of

something over a period of time. This means that
there should be no gap or hole in between.

Looking at the picture in the left are the two

B bridges. The question is which of the two bridges

demonstrates continuity and which is not?

It is clear that bridge B demonstrates continuity

while bridge A is not since it has broken parts.

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 To illustrate continuity of a function at a point, let us consider the graph of the following function
below.

Graph number 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2

The function 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥2 is continuous at 𝑥 = 1

Graph number 2
𝑥2 − 1
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−1

𝑥2 −1
The function 𝑓 (𝑥) = is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 1
𝑥−1

Question 1
Based on the given graphs above, how will you illustrate continuity of a function at
a point?

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 Definition
A function 𝑓(𝑥 ) is said to be continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑐 if the following three
conditions are satisfied:
𝒊. 𝒇(𝒄) 𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬
𝒊𝒊. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) 𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬; 𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝒙→𝒄
𝒊𝒊𝒊. 𝒇(𝒄) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒙→𝒄
If at least one of the conditions is not met, f(x) is said to be discontinuous.

Example

I. Determine whether a function is continuous at a number or not.

1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1

To determine if the function is continuous at 𝑥 = 1 or not, it must satisfy the three conditions
that are mentioned above.

𝑖. 𝑓 (𝑐 ) exists
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 where 𝑥 = 1
𝑓(1) = 2(1)2 + 1 − 1 (Substitute the value of x)

𝑓(1) = 2, (Simplify)
Since 2 is a real number, thus, 𝑓(1) exist
𝑖𝑖. lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists
𝑥→𝑐

We will use the limit laws to solve the limit of the function at 𝑥 = 1
lim (2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1)
𝑥→1

lim (2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1) = lim 2𝑥 2 + lim 𝑥 − lim 1 (Apply addition theorem)

𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1

= 2 lim 𝑥 2 + lim 𝑥 − lim 1 (Apply Constant Multiple theorem)

𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1

= 2(lim 𝑥)2 + lim 𝑥 − lim 1 (Apply power theorem)

𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1
(Apply constant and substitution
= 2(1)2 + (1) − 1
theorem)
= 2(1)2
(Simplify)
=2
Thus, lim (2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1) = 2
𝑥→1

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 𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑓 (𝑐 ) = lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐

𝑓 (1) = lim (2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1) (Apply the third condition)

𝑥→1
2=2 (Substitute the values)

Since the three conditions satisfied, therefore, the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 is

continuous at 𝑥 = 1

2𝑥 2 − 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
2. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = { at 𝑥 = 2
3𝑥 − 4, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2

𝑖. 𝑔 (𝑐 ) exists
2𝑥 2 − 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑔 (𝑥 ) = { where 𝑥 = 2
3𝑥 − 4, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2
Since 𝑥 = 2 and it is belong to the interval 𝑥 ≤ 2, thus, we will the function 2𝑥 2 − 1 to
solve 𝑔(2).
𝑔(2) = 2(2)2 − 1 (Substitute the value of x)

=7 (Simplify)

Since 7 is a real number, thus, 𝑔(2) exist.

𝑖𝑖. lim 𝑔(𝑥) exists
𝑥→𝑐

lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→2

2𝑥 2 − 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
where 𝑔(𝑥 ) = {
3𝑥 − 4, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2
Solve the limit using limit laws
lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→2−

We will use (2𝑥 2 − 1) for our g(x) since the values of 𝑥 ≤ 2

lim (2𝑥 2 − 1) = lim− 2𝑥 2 − lim− 1 (Apply addition theorem)
𝑥→2− 𝑥→2 𝑥→2

= 2 lim− 𝑥 2 − lim− 1 (Apply Constant Multiple theorem)

𝑥→2 𝑥→2

= 2( lim− 𝑥)2 − lim− 1 (Apply power theorem)

𝑥→2 𝑥→2
(Apply constant and substitution theorem)
= 2(2)2 − 1
=7 (Simplify)

Thus, lim− 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 7

𝑥→2

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 lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→2+

We will use (3𝑥 − 4) for our g(x) since the values of 𝑥 > 2
lim (3𝑥 − 4) = lim− 3𝑥 − lim− 4 (Apply addition theorem)
𝑥→2+ 𝑥→2 𝑥→2

= 3 lim− 𝑥 − lim− 4 (Apply Constant Multiple theorem)

𝑥→2 𝑥→2

= 3(2) − 4 (Apply constant and substitution theorem)

=2 (Simplify)

Thus, lim+ 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2

𝑥→2

Since lim− 𝑔(𝑥 ) ≠ lim+ 𝑔(𝑥 ), thus, lim 𝑔(𝑥 )𝐷𝑁𝐸

𝑥→2 𝑥→2 𝑥→2

Notice that the function is failed with the second condition. Therefore, the function 𝑔(𝑥)
is not continuous at 𝑥 = 2.

𝑥 2 −1
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 1
3. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = { 𝑥−1 at 𝑥 = 1
5 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1

𝑖. 𝑓 (𝑐 ) exists
𝑓(1) = 5 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 if 𝑥 = 1

Thus, 𝑓(1) exist.

𝑖𝑖. lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists

𝑥→𝑐

lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→1

Since the value of 𝑥 is approaching 1 from the left and the right, so 𝑥 ≠ 1. Thus, we will
𝑥 2 −1
use to solve the limit.
𝑥−1

𝑥 2 −1 0 0
Given the expression , the result is 0 if 𝑥 = 0. Recall that is an indeterminate
𝑥−1 0
number. Thus, limit may or may not exist.
𝑥 2 −1
Solve lim
𝑥→1 𝑥−1

𝑥2 − 1 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) (Expand (𝑥 2 − 1))

lim = lim
𝑥→1 𝑥 − 1 𝑥→1 𝑥−1
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) (Cancel out common factor)
= lim
𝑥→1 𝑥−1

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 = lim (x + 1) (Simplify)
𝑥→1

= lim x + lim 1 (Apply addition theorem)

𝑥→1 𝑥→1

= 1+1 (Apply constant and substitution

theorem)
=2 (Simplify)

Thus, lim 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2

𝑥→1

𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑓 (𝑐 ) = lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑐

𝑓 (1) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) (Apply the third condition)

𝑥→1

7=2 (Substitute the values)

Since the function does not satisfy with the third condition. Therefore, the function 𝑓(𝑥)
is not continuous at 𝑥 = 1.

Continuity of a function at the interval

Definition
A function is said to be continuous on the interval [𝑎, 𝑏] if it is continuous at each
point in the interval

To determine if the function 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous in the given interval, we will have to determine
the restrictions of the variable 𝑥.

All polynomial functions are continuous everywhere.

II. Determine whether the following are continuous given an interval.

4. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 𝑎𝑡 [−1,5]

Since the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) is a polynomial, so, it is continuous everywhere. Therefore, the
function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is continuous on the interval [−1,5]
4−3𝑥
5. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = at [0,3]
2𝑥−4

To determine whether the function is continuous at [0,3], we will solve the restriction of
our 𝑥.

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 Notice that the function is a rational function, thus, the denominator should not be equal
to zero. That is 2𝑥 − 4 ≠ 0.

Solve for the restriction of 𝑥.

2𝑥 − 4 ≠ 0 (Let the denominator not equal to 0)

2𝑥 ≠ 4
𝑥≠2 (Solve the value of x)

Since 𝑥 ≠ 2 and 2 is an element of [0,3],

4−3𝑥
Therefore, the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥−4 is not continuous at [0,3].

6. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 + 2 at [−1,4]

To determine whether the function is continuous at [−1,4], we will solve the restriction
of our 𝑥.
Notice that our function is a radical function, thus, the expression inside the radical sign,
𝑥 + 2, should not be negative or it must be greater than or equal to zero.
That is 𝑥 + 2 > 0.

Solve for the restriction of 𝑥

(Let the expression inside the radical ≥ 0)
𝑥+2≥0
𝑥 ≥ −2 (Solve the value of x)

Since 𝑥 ≥ −2 and it includes the interval [−1,4],

Therefore, the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 + 2 is continuous at [−1,4].

Integration
“Continuity gives us roots; change gives us branches, letting us stretch and grow
and reach new heights”. –Pauline R. Kezer.
With the quote given above, how will you apply this to improve yourself?
Write your answer on the answer sheet provided.

IV. Check your Understanding:

I. Determine whether a function is continuous at a number or not.

1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 at 𝑥 = 2

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 4−3𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥2 −1 at 𝑥 = 1

II. Determine whether the following are continuous given an interval or not.

𝒙𝟐 −𝟕𝒙+𝟔
3. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = at [2,6]
𝒙−𝟏

5
4. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = at [−4,4]
√2𝑥−1

√2𝑥−1
is not continuous at [−4,4] 4. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
5
𝒙−𝟏
is continuous at [2,6] 3. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
𝒙𝟐 −𝟕𝒙+𝟔
𝑥 2 −1
is not continuous at 𝑥 = 1 2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
4−3𝑥
1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 is continuous at 𝑥 = 2

V. Enrichment:

I. Determine whether a function is continuous at a number or not.

2𝑥 + 3, 𝑥 < −1
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = { 𝑥 2 + 2, 𝑥 = −1; 𝑥 = −1
4 + 3𝑥, 𝑥 > −1

II. Determine whether the following are continuous given an interval or not.

√𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝟒−𝟐𝒙
2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = at [0,1]
𝟓𝒙

VI. References/Materials:

Balmaceda, J. M. P., et al,(2016). Basic calculus. Philippines: EC-TEC Commercial pp.53-

57

Egarguin, N. J. A., et al,(2017). Basic calculus for senior high school. Philippines: C & E
Publishing pp.28-31

ARTSTATION. 22 Jan 2021. Retrieved from https://www.artstation.com/artwork/YqW9Y

2021.01.25 8:34:19 AM
Online Lesson:
Topic: Continuity of a Function
Learning Targets:
At the end of the lesson, I can:
Cognitive
1. illustrate continuity of a function at a number,
2. determine whether a function is continuous at a number or not,
3. illustrate continuity of a function on an interval,
4. solves problems involving continuity of a function,
Affective
5. share the importance of continuity in improving oneself
Psychomotor
6. write legibly the solution in solving problems involving continuity of a function

References/Materials:

Balmaceda, J. M. P., et al,(2016). Basic calculus. Philippines: EC-TEC Commercial pp.53-

57

Egarguin, N. J. A., et al,(2017). Basic calculus for senior high school. Philippines: C & E
Publishing pp.28-31

ARTSTATION. 22 Jan 2021. Retrieved from https://www.artstation.com/artwork/YqW9Y

2021.01.25 8:34:19 AM
 ☐ Plan Delivered
☐ Partially Delivered ☐ Not Delivered
Reason: _____________________________ Reason: ___________________________
_____________________________ ___________________________
Action Taken: _________________________ Action Taken: _______________________
_________________________ _______________________

Approved by: __________________

Subject Coordinator

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by:

Name and Signature :Janfebbiecarl D. Bolinguit Hazel Mae S. Cañeda Felmar L. Maloto
Designation : Subject Matter Expert Subject Coordinator Assistant Principal
Date : 2021.01.23

2021.01.25 8:34:19 AM
 NOTRE DAME OF DADIANGAS UNIVERSITY
Integrated Basic Education Department
Senior High School
Lagao, General Santos City

Basic Calculus

Student’s Name: ________________________________ Date Submitted: __________________

Grade & Section: ________________________________
Quarter: Midterm Week No.: 3
Teacher/s: Janfebbiecarl D. Bolinguit; Hazel Mae S. Cañeda

I. “Continuity gives us roots; change gives us branches, letting us stretch and grow and
reach new heights”. –Pauline R. Kezer.

With the quote given above, how will you apply this to improve yourself?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

II. Determine whether a function is continuous at a number or not.

2𝑥 + 3, 𝑥 < −1
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = { 𝑥 2 + 2, 𝑥 = −1; 𝑥 = −1
4 + 3𝑥, 𝑥 > −1

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 III. Determine whether the following are continuous given an interval or not.

√𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝟒−𝟐𝒙
2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = at [0,1]
𝟓𝒙

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