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a) Vertical lines
COVERAGE:
- They are poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic.
1. Elements of Arts (Diniscuss ni sir nun Prelim)
- They express an impression of dignity.
2. Principle of Arts
b) Horizontal lines
3. Art in early civilization
- are lines of repose and serenity.
4. Greek and Roman
- They express ideas of calmness and quiescence.
5. Renaissance to Modern
- feeling of peacefulness and stillness.
c) Diagonal lines
ELEMENTS OF ART - used to create feelings of movement or action.
Visual Arts d) Curved lines
- Which are required to create a work of art. - referred as S curves, suggest gracefulness or
- Knowing the basics of the elements of visual art sexiness.
can help any artist to create a well-balanced and
beautiful designs. Three main types of Lines:
- To develop a more thorough understanding of a) Repetition
artistic composition, one must learn how to - occurs when two or more lines are drawn within
examine and utilize the various art elements. a corner following the lines of the corner.
1. Lines b) Contrast
2. Colors - Lines that are in opposition to each other.
3. Texture c) Transition
4. Perspective - a line that connects two workflow elements.
5. Space - This allow you to define what the next step in a
6. Form workflow will be.
7. Volume
Line Color
- a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. - refers to the visual perception of light being
It can create texture and can be thick and thin. reflected from a surface of an artwork.
- Types of line can include actual, implied, vertical, - In the most basic classification, colors can be
horizontal, diagonal and contour line. divided into three groups: primary, secondary
- an important element at the disposal of every artist. and tertiary.
- always has direction, always moving. - Color wheel – is an abstract illustrative
- as used in any work of art, may either be straight or organization of color hues around a circle, that
curved. shows relationships between primary, secondary,
- the first element of art and are continuous marks that and tertiary colors, etc.
are made on any surface with a moving point.
- Lines can be used in various ways to create different Attributes of Color:
compositions. a) Hue
- A line can be used to express various things or - the term for the pure spectrum colors commonly
feelings; it can be used to show various moods or referred to by the "color names" - red, orange,
anything abstract. yellow, blue, green violet - which appear in the
- “Line serves as an essential building block of art, but hue circle or rainbow.
it can also serve as the content itself of a work of art, - Theoretically all hues can be mixed from three
or be manipulated to evoke an emotional or basic hues, known as primaries.
intellectual response from a viewer” (Fichner- b) Value
Rathus, 2010). - refers to the lightness or darkness of a color.
- It is the quality which depends on the amount of
light and dark in color.

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b) Aerial perspective
c) Intensity - the representation of relative distances of objects
- the brightness or darkness of color. by gradations of tone or color.
- It gives color strength. - Objects become fainter in the distance due to the
- When a hue is vivid form, it is said to be in full effect of the atmosphere. Objects appear to be
intensity. When it is dulled, it is said to be partly lighter in color as they recede into the distance or
neutralized. atmosphere.
• Tints are values above the normal
Space
• Shades are values below the normal.
- refers to how the artist fills the surface on which
a work of art is created.
Psychology of Colors:
- It can also refer to the expression of depth within
- Colors have varied psychological and emotional
a work of art.
connotations.
- When talking about a three-dimensional object,
a) Black – associated with death and gloom.
space is the actual volume that is taken up by the
b) White – stands for purity and innocence.
artwork.
c) Red – associated with blood, anger and fear.
- refers to distances or areas around, between or
d) Green – implies happiness and abundance.
within components of a piece.
- Space can be positive (white or light)
Texture
or negative (black or dark), open or closed,
- deals more directly with the sense of touch.
shallow or deep, and two dimensional or three
- applies to how an object feels or appears to feel.
dimensional.
- can be either implied or actual.
- It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces
a) Positive space
which can be rough or smooth, fine or coarse,
- the areas in a work of art that are the subjects, or
shiny or dull, plain or irregular.
areas of interest.
a) Implied texture
b) Negative space
- expresses the idea of how a surface might feel.
- areas around the subjects, or areas of interest.
- For example, a painting of a blanket might
convey the idea that the blanket is soft.
Shape, Form, and Volume are words that are used to
b) Actual texture
describe distinct areas or parts of works of art or
- texture that can actually be felt.
architecture.
- For example, a ceramic bowl might feature a
carved texture that could be felt when holding
Form
that bowl.
- applies to the over-all design of a work of art.
Perspective - It describes the structure or shape of an object.
- deals with the effect of - refers to a three-dimensional object. such as
distance upon the sculpture and pottery.
appearance of objects, by - Geometric forms have hard lines and edges.
means of which the eye - Organic forms are curvy and more free-form.
judges’ spatial
relationships. a) Organic forms
- such as these snow-covered boulders typically are
a) Linear perspective irregular in outline, and often asymmetrical.
- the representation of an appearance of distance by - most often thought of as naturally occurring.
means of converging lines. b) Geometric forms
- It has to do with the direction of lines and with - which correspond to named regular shapes, such
the size of objects. as squares, rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres,
cones, and other regular forms.

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Volume Rhythm
- refers to the amount of space occupied in three - is organized movement, a beat, a repetition.
dimensions. - is created by repetition, and repetitive patterns
- It refers to solidity or thickness. convey a sense of movement.
- In the visual arts, the viewer perceives rhythm by
grouping elements such as color, line and shape.
- Rhythmical patterns help the eye to move easily
PRINCIPLES OF ART
from one part of the room to another or from one
- refer to the visual strategies used by artists, in
part of a design to another (Sanchez, et al., 2009).
conjunction with the elements of arts - for
expressive purposes
Kinds of Rhythm
1. Balance
1. Regular Rhythm
2. Scale and Proportion
- Occurs when the intervals between the elements,
3. Emphasis and Contrast
and often the elements themselves, are similar in
4. Unity and Variety
size or length.
5. Harmony
- The easiest and most precise way to create
6. Movement
rhythm.
7. Rhythm, Repetition and Pattern
- Regular repetition was a core property of
Minimalist artists, of which Flavin was one.
Harmony
- an impression of unity through the selection and
• Dan Flavin. Untitled (to Jan and
arrangement of consistent objects.
Ron Greenberg), installation
- is essential to beauty. It is achieved by
view at the Dan Flavin Art
establishing a pleasing relationship between the
Institute, Bridgehampton, NY.
various elements.
(1972–73) Fluorescent light
- There is harmony if the various parts of a design
(96”x96”).
will give an appearance of belonging together.
• Donald Judd’s sculpture in particular was based on
Aspects of Harmony
the repetition of simple geometric shapes mounted on
1. Harmony of lines and shapes
walls or set on the floor in a steady, evenly spaced
- Line as are made harmonious by either repeating
pattern.
the shape of the lines or by connecting
• Minimalism – An abstract
transitional lines to contrasting lines.
art movement begun in the
2. Harmony of size
1960s that emphasizes the
- Also known as proportion
use of pure and simple
3. Harmony of color
shapes and materials.
- A color combination or harmony of colors means
the use of two or more colors in decorating an
2. Alternating Rhythm
article or object.
- which different elements
4. Harmony of texture
in a work repeat
- Coarse textures should not be combined with fine
themselves in predictable
textures.
order.

3. Flowing Rhythm
- gives a sense of movement,
and is often more organic in
nature.

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4. Progressive Rhythm Ways of create emphasis

- progressive rhythm shows 1. Emphasis by Placement
a sequence of forms - An object placed in the
through a progression of center will often be
steps. perceived as a focal
point.
Balance - If all eyes in the painting or if an object is placed
- the concept of visual equilibrium, and relates to at the center of the lines of perspective, that object
our physical sense of balance. It is a will be perceived as the focus of the eye.
reconciliation of opposing forces in a
composition that results in visual stability. 2. Emphasis by Contrast
- Most successful compositions achieve balance in - In realistic art the focal point is
one of two ways: symmetrically or usually quite easy to spot.
asymmetrically Larger figures, usually found in
the foreground, provide a focal
Kinds of Balance point.
1. Formal balance
- It is also called symmetrical balance. 3. Emphasis by Isolation
- It is achieved by making both sides exactly alike. - If most of the elements in a
- When the elements are arranged equally on either work of art are grouped closely
side of a central axis, the result is Bilateral together, an object by itself
symmetry. This axis may be horizontal or vertical. stands out as a focal point.
It is also possible to build formal balance by - Ex: “Family of Saltimbanques”
arranging elements equally around a central point, (1905) – Pablo Picasso
resulting in radial symmetry.
2. Informal balance
- It is also called asymmetrical or occult balance. Proportion
- It is achieved when objects of unequal weights are - which shows pleasing relationship
placed at the correct distances from the center. between a whole and its parts and
between the parts themselves.
Emphasis - It is determined by a comparison of the
- The stressing of a particular area of focus rather sizes of different parts of an object or of
than the presentation of a maze of details of equal an arrangement.
importance. - Harmonious proportion is achieved when one part of an
- One way of achieving emphasis is by creating object does not seem too big or too small for the other
center of interest, a.k.a a focal point. parts.
- Focal point – an area where the eye tends to - In painting, the principle of good proportion is useful in
center. combining colors successfully and determining the
- The second way to create emphasis is by margins for mounting.
contrasting the primary element with its - Proportion refers to the relative size and scale of the
subordinates, or emphasis can be created by a various elements in a design. The issue is the
sudden change in direction, size, shape, texture, relationship between objects. or parts, of a whole. This
color, tone or line. means that it is necessary to discuss proportion in terms
of the context or standard used to determine proportions.

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hunting though it is also important to remember how
ART IN EARLY CIVILIZATION little we actually know about these people.
(Prehistoric Period) • Another theory suggests that the images communicate
narratives (stories).
Prehistoric
- Written language did not yet exist Mesolithic Art:
- Stone artifacts present a special problem since Venus of Willendorf
we are interested in the date that the stone was - Willendorf, Austria
carved, not the date of the material itself. - 28,000 – 25,000 BCE
- Limestone; 4 ¼ in high
Stone age - No eyes, nose, ears, or mouth remain
- a term used to describe a period of history when visible. Instead, our attention is drawn to seven
stones were used to make tools for survival. horizontal bands that wrap in concentric circles
- The term “conjures an image of men and women from the crown of her head.
dressed in skin, huddling before a fire in a cave.” - 11.1 cm/ 4-3/8 inches
- Stone roughly span the 14,000 – 2,000 BCE - This figure is a highly abstracted woman from
Three period of Stone Age: highlighted body parts associated with fertility.
1. Paleolithic – the late years of the old stone age. - The representation may show the importance of
2. Mesolithic - middle stone age taking care of these body parts for procreation and
3. Neolithic – new stone age consequently the survival of species.

Paleolithic Art Neolithic Architecture: 10,000 BC – 3001 BC

- A product of climate change. Stonehenge
- As the climate got colder, part of the early humans’ - Salisury Plain, Wiltshire,
instinct is to look for shelters that would provide England
them will warmth. - 2,650 - 1,600 B.C.E.
- Caves became protective havens for the early - Sarsen and bluestone
humans and these caves paved the way for the birth - The purpose of this fascinating edifice remains a
of their first attempt to create art. mystery up to this day age.
- Some regard it as a temple while others see it as
Halls of bulls complex calendar the tracked the movements of
- Found in a cave in both the Sun and Moon.
Lascaux, France - Others ascribe some magical element to it by
- Discovered by four boys associating it with Merlin the Magician from King
in 1940.
Arthurs's story.
- Caves are filled with pictographs and petroglyphs of
hundreds of animals.
- There are almost 600 pictures of animals, mostly Egyptian art
horses. - The Egyptian civilization can be divided into
- Other animals painted are stags, bulls, bison and ibex. three periods: Old, Middle, and New Kingdom.
- Only one man is painted. - Looking at the three periods, it can be noticed that
for the Egyptians, art should be something
• Breuil believed that the images played a role in "hunting religious and spiritual.
magic." - There may have been differences in the
• The theory suggests that the prehistoric people who techniques used and style emphasized, but there
used the cave may have believed that a way to are common denominators among the artworks
overpower their prey involved creating images of it created during their respective time periods.
during rituals designed to ensure a successful hunt.
• This seems plausible when we remember that survival
was entirely dependent on successful foraging and
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Narmer Palette Canopic Jar

- It was a palette that utilized and - Thebes, Egyp
applied dark colors around King - ca. 1,349-1,336 B.C.E.
Narmer's eyes. - alabaster with stone and glass
- The palette was also a symbol that inlay 20 l /2 in. high
commemorates the unification of - The heart was left inside the body because the
Upper and Lower Egypt. Egyptians believed that in the afterlife it would be
weighed to see whether the person had led a good
Thutmose Nefertiti life.
- Tell el-Amarna, Egypt - The Canopic Jars were decorated with the heads of
- 1,353 – 1,335 BCE the four sons of Horus. Each canopic jar guarded a
- Painted limestone different organ.
- 20 in high Four jars:
- “the beautiful woman has come.” - lmsety had a human head and carried and
- Queen Nefertiti protected the liver.
- There is emphasis to life-like features of the face - Qebehsenuf had a falcon's head and carried and
like an elongate jaw and thick-lidded eyes. protected the intestines.
- Most artists created artworks that are natural and - Hapy had the head of a baboon and carried and
seemingly real, highlighting the features of their protected the lungs.
subjects. - Duamatef had the head of a jackal and carried
- Naturalism was not only used to depict the pharaoh and protected the stomach.
but also was used for members of the royal family.
- The bust of Queen Nefertiti has a long and sensuous Egyptian Architecture (4000-2280 BC):
neck. Mastaba
- Egyptian art continued
King Tutankhamen (TUT) unchanged despite
- He became king at a very young age influences from Assyria,
and died at the age of eighteen. Persia, Greece and Rome.
- He became king when he was 9 years - Egyptian architecture is associated with religion
old; he was very weak boy. - Pyramids and temples
- Howard Carter discovered his tomb in 1922. They - Sphinxes, the mythical monster
were astonished to find gold artworks and that the - Egyptian architecture maintained its traditions
coffin was made out of solid gold. - Impressive solemnity and gloom and solidity
- The body of the young king was covered in linen - A type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a
and a gold mask covered his face. flat-roofed, rectangular structure with outward
- Carter's patron, Lord Carnarvon, died four months sloping sides that marked the burial site of many
after first entering the tomb, leading journalists to eminent Egyptians of Egypt’s ancient period
popularize a "Curse of the Pharaohs," claiming that - Were constructed out of mud-bricks or stone.
hieroglyphs on the tomb walls promised swift death
to those who disturbed King Tut. More than a dozen The Great Pyramid of Giza
deaths have been attributed to the curse, but studies - During the old Kingdom, one
have shown that those who entered the tomb on of the architectural wonders
average lived just as long as their peers who didn't was also constructed.
enter. - The pyramids in Giza served
as tombs since their main purpose was to provide a
resting place for the pharaohs.

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Differences of Pyramid and Mastaba: 2. Archaic Period

1. A mastaba is an ancient Egyptian tomb which is - Male – kouros (youth); Female
made of mud bricks or stones while a pyramid is – kore (maiden)
also an ancient Egyptian tomb which is made of - There was a growing emphasis
stones or bricks. on the human figure, which
2. A mastaba is rectangular in shape while a replaced Geometric motifs.
pyramid is triangular in shape. - As in Egyptian sculptures, the
3. Both were used as tombs for Egypt's elite. While arms lie close to the body, the
the mastabas were later used for the common fists are clenched, and one leg
people, the pyramids were exclusively for the advances slightly.
Pharaohs and Egypt's rulers. - Kouroi were found in cemeteries, where they
4. Mastabas have flat roofs while pyramids have replaced large vases as grave markers.
pointed roofs. • Contrapposto
5. Because of the materials used, more pyramids - It is an Italian term that
than mastabas survived. means "counterpoise".
- It is used in the visual arts
Summary: to describe a human figure
- During the prehistoric period, the early humans had standing with most of its
transitioned from a nomadic lifestyle to that of more weight on one foot, so that
permanent one, which led to early civilizations. Some its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from
of the works discovered from this period would give the hips and legs in the axial plane.
modern society a glimpse of what was life like during
that period. 3. Early Classical
- One of the early civilizations where art flourished was - The change from the Archaic to the Classical
the Egyptian civilization. Throughout the three period coincided with the Greek victory over the
kingdoms all the way to the Amarna Revolution, art Persians at Salamis in 480 BCE.
has been directly used particularly in religious and - The Greek mood was elevated after this feat, and
spiritual activities. a new sense of unity among the city-states
- Through these unearthed and discovered artworks, the prevailed, propelling the country into its "Golden
modern world could have a better understanding of the Age."
past and how it can affect the present. - The most significant development in Early
Classical art was the introduction of implied
GREEK AND ROMAN movement in figurative sculpture.
Greek Period - Diskobolos or Discus Thrower,
1. Geometric period by Myron. The life-size statue
- is so called because of the predominance of depicts an event from the Olympic
geometric shapes and patterns in works of art. Games - the discus throw.
- Time when Greece starting to get back from the - Olympic games start at the Greeks
onslaught of what seemed to be their Dark Ages. because they love sports. Motto:
- A period when geometric shapes and patterns have “Mens sana in corpore sano” - a
taken spotlight in most of the artworks. healthy mind in a healthy body.
Dipylon Vase • Doryphoros or Spear Bearer
- a large krater used as a grave - Polykleitos's most famous
marker and found in the Dipylon sculpture
cemetery in Athens, Greece. - The artist has "idealized" the
- is an early example of the athletic figure-that is, made it
Geometric style. more perfect and more beautiful

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by imposing on it a set of laws relating part • Sleeping Satyr (Barberini Faun)
to part - Ca 230 – 200BCE
- (for example, the entire body is equal in - Marble
height to eight heads) - 85 in high

4. Late Classical Period • Laocoon and his sons

- brought a more humanistic and - C. 175 – 150 BC
naturalistic style, with emphasis on - Vatican Museum
the expression of emotion.
- The Hermes and Dionysos of
Praxiteles interestingly, is the only
undisputed original work we have by the Greek Greek Architecture (1100 – 100 BC)
masters of the Classical era. - characterized by low building of post-and-lintel
- Hermes' facial expression as he teases the child is construction.
one of pride and amusement. Dionysos, on the - Two upright pieces or posts are surmounted by a
other hand, exhibits typical infant behavior-he is horizontal piece - the lintel, long enough to reach
all hands and reaching impatiently for something from one to the other.
to eat. - Examples:
- All of the sculptures that we have
seen so far have had a two-
dimensional perspective. That is,
the whole of the work can be viewed
from a single point of view,
standing in front of the sculpture.
- This is not the case in works such as
the Apoxyomenos by Lysippos.
- This stance forces the viewer to walk around the
sculpture to appreciate its details. Rather than
adhere to a single plane, as even the S-curve
figure of Hermes does,the Apoxyomenos seems • Lintel of Temple
to spiral around a vertical axis - Prinias, Greece
- ca. 625 BCE
5. Hellenistic Period - limestone
- under the reign of Alexander the - approximately 2ft. 9 in high
Great.
- Hellenistic art is characterized by excessive, Three columns types of Greek Architecture:
almost theatrical emotion and the use of 1. Doric Order
illusionistic effects to heighten realism. - Has no base; classical period
- Hellenistic artists were often drawn to dramatic - The bottom of the column
subjects. rests on the top step
- The Dying Gaul illustrates the Hellenistic artist's - It can be identified by the
preoccupation with high drama and unleashed cushion-like shape of part of
passion. its capital
- He has lost his battle and is now about to lose his - The frieze is divided into triglyphs and metopes
life. Example: Parthenon
• Nike Samothrace • A temple; top of the hill that located in the acropolis,
- From Samothrace, Greece Athens.
- Ca. 190 BCE • The subsequent history of the Parthenon is interesting
- Marble 97 in high and shocking.
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• It was used as a Byzantine - The oldest known Corinthian column stands
church, a Roman Catholic inside the 5th-century temple of Apollo
church, and a mosque. Epicurius at Bassae.
• The Parthenon survived more Example:
or less intact, although altered by these successive • The Temple of Zeus and Athens (2nd c BC)
functions, until the seventeenth century, when the • National museum
Turks used it as an ammunition dump in their war • Supreme Court
against the Venetians. • Department of Tourism
• Venetian rockets hit the bull's-eye, and the center
portion of the temple was blown out in Roman Art
the explosion - It was fashionable for Romans to own-or at the
• The Goddess of wisdom: Athena very least, have copies of-Greek works of art.
Parthenos (438 BCE; 38 ft. tall) - This tendency gave the Romans a reputation as
mere imitators of Greek art, a simplistic view laid
waste by scholars of Roman art history.
2. Ionic Order - It was believed that art should be created in the
- Taller and slenderer than the service of the state
Doric; classical period
- It has a base, and the capital Roman Architecture (Arch)
is ornamented with scrolls on - Rome’s greatest contribution lay in
each side architecture, although the most
- The frieze is continuous significant buildings, monuments
instead of being divided and civic structures were
- Below the frieze is stepped which is divided into constructed during the Empire
three parts. period.
Example: - Adopted the columnar and
• Temple of Athena Nike (427 trabeated style of the Greeks
BCE) - Developed the arch and vault made
• Erechtheion (421 – 405 BCE) by the Etruscans
- Combined the use of column, beam
and arch
- They also built the flat round dome that covers an
3. Corinthian Order entire building, the Pantheon
- Base and shaft resemble the Ionic;
Hellenistic period Colosseum
- Tend to become slender - was built for entertainment and festivals, its most
- The capital is much deeper than notorious events ranged from sadistic contests
the Ionic; acanthus leaves between animals and men and grueling battles to
- Have the same entablature like the the death between pairs of gladiators.
Ionic - If one combatant emerged alive but badly
- Leafy but not as popular wounded, survival might depend on whether the
- named after the city of Corinth, where sculptor emperor (or the crowd) gave the 'thumbs-up" or
Callimachus supposedly invented it by at the end the "thumbs-down."
of the 5th century B.C. after he spotted a goblet
surrounded by leaves.
- similar to the Ionic order in its base, column, and
entablature, but its capital is far more ornate,
carved with two tiers of curly acanthus leaves.

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Pantheon Western Architecture

- Pan – many; Theo -God - The western styles follow the general type of the
- Combines the simple Roman Basilica and Cathedral: a long rectangular
geometric elements of a building divided by pillars into a central nave and
circle and a rectangle. aisles
- The entrance consists - 3 stages of development: Early Christian,
of a rectangular portico, complete with Romanesque and Gothic
Corinthian columns and pediment. - The 3 types developed out of another.
- The main body of the building, to which the
portico is attached is circular. Early Christian
- Oculus - No longer compelled
- The sole source of light in the to hide their beliefs and
Pantheon practices-in catacombs
- a circular opening in the top of or safe houses
the dome, 30 feet in diameter. - Christians began to build churches, many of
- The interior was lavishly which were erected on the land on top of the
decorated with marble slabs and granite columns catacombs where the martyrs for their faith had
that glistened in the spotlight of the sun as it been buried
filtered through the opening, moving its focus at - In terms of design, it is not surprising that they
different times of the day. turned to what they already knew – Roman
architecture.
RENAISSANCE TO MODERN
Byzantine Architecture Romanesque Architecture
- Characterized by a great central dome - Roman life
- Group of small domes and semi-domes round the - It resembles the Roman style,
central dome hence the name ''Romanesque.''
- The capital before and became Constantinople, - Have very heavy walls with
now is Instant gold from turkey. small window openings and heavy stone arch or
- It is fantastic structure that has served at one time vaulted roof inside.
or other in its history as an Eastern Orthodox
church, an Islamic mosque, and a museum but Gothic Architecture
they change it to mosque - flourished during the high and late
- Hagia Sophia medieval period.
- It evolved from Romanesque
architecture and was succeeded by
Renaissance architecture.
- Its characteristic features include
- Taj Mahal at Agra and the pointed arch, the ribbed vault
India - a mausoleum that and the flying buttress.
was built by Shah Jahan - most familiar as the architecture of many of the
in the seventeenth great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe.
century in memory of his a) Flying Buttresses
wife.

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- School of Athens by
b) Notre Dame Cathedral (Paris, France) Raphael

- Sistine Chapel

April 15, 2019 (Notre Dame

Cathedral)

- Created by Michelangelo

In the Philippines (Gothic style) David Marble by Michelangelo

- San Sebastian Church

St. Peter Basilica

- Paoay Church (Ilocos)

- The right side called
Flying Buttresses

Mannerism
- Art that breaks the rules; elongated and twisted
bodies
- toward the end of the Renaissance and before the
beginning of the seventeenth century, this rule was
Renaissance Period suspended for a while, during a period of art that
- Rebirth or revival of Roman and Greek art historians have named Mannerism.
- While Columbus brought his ships to the New - Several characteristics separate Mannerist art from
World in 1492, a 17-year-old Michelangelo the art of the Renaissance and the Baroque periods:
Buonarroti was perfecting his skill at rendering distortion and elongation of figures; flattened,
human features from blocks of marble almost two-dimensional space; lack of a defined
- In 1564, the year that Shakespeare was born, focal point; and the use of discordant pastel hue.
Michelangelo died.
- these are two of the marker dates of the
Renaissance.

- by Leonardo Da Vinci
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Baroque Period (1600 – 1750) The Third of May, 1808 (Francisco Goya)
- Baroque – Portuguese barroco, meaning - The painting commemorates
''irregularly shaped pearl.'' the massacre of the peasant
- The Baroque period was indeed irregular in its citizens of Madrid after the
stylistic tendencies. city fell to the French.
- The architecture of this time was called Baroque
because it was considered to be very odd. Realism
- It is characterized primarily as a period of elaborate - Realist artists rejected the
sculptural ornamentation. content of Academic art and
- The architectural framework remained close to that took to the subjects of life
of the Renaissance, although often it was far more around them.
spacious, but had a profusion of carved decoration. - The ''modern'' painters of the
- Columns and entablatures were decorated with nineteenth century objected to
garlands of flowers and fruits, shells, and waves. Academic art on two levels: The subject matter did
not represent life as it really was, and the manner
in which the subjects were rendered did not reflect
reality as it was observed by the naked eye.

Examples of Academism –

Rococo
- a term that derives from the
French word 'rocaille' which
means rock-work, referring to a
style of interior decoration that
swirls with arrangements of
curves and scrolls.

MODERN ARTS
Romanticism
- sought extremes of emotion enhanced by virtuoso Examples of Realism –
brushwork and a brilliant palette. The Third-Class Carriage (c. 1862)
- Honore Daumier
Raft of Medusa (Theodore Gericault) - an illustration of a crowded
- Based on a shipwreck off third-class compartment of a
the coast of West Africa in French train. His caricaturist
1816, during which a style is evident in the
makeshift raft laden with flowing dark outlines and
Algerian immigrants exaggerated features and gestures, but it also
underscores the artist's concern for the working class
by advertising their ill fortune.

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The Stone Breakers (1849) Pointillism (Neo-Impressionism)

- Gustave Courbet - George Seurat
- Courbet, who was quoted as - after his application
saying that he couldn't paint of pigment in small
an angel because he had dabs, or points, of
never seen one, continued in pure color.
this vein despite the art
world's rejection. Expressionism
- the distortion of nature – as opposed to the imitation
Impressionism of nature – in order to achieve a desired emotional
- They all reacted against the constraints of the effect or representation of inner feelings.
Academic style and subject matter. They - We have already seen many examples of this type
advocated painting out-of-doors and chose to of painting. The work of van Gogh and Gauguin
render subjects found in nature. would be clearly expressionistic, as
- They studied the dramatic effects of atmosphere would the paintings of the Fauves.
and light on people and objects and, through a - The Scream by Edvard Munch
varied palette, attempted to duplicate these (1893)
effects on canvas.
Examples: by Claude Monet
The Water Lily Pod (upper right) Fauvism
Rouen Cathedral (1894) (left) - Colors should be divorced from physical reality.
Impression: Sunrise (1872) (right) Matisse summed it up in one line: When I put a
green, it is not grass. When I put a blue, it is not
the sky.
- To the Fauves, Colors
treated independently
from their descriptive
qualities meant artistic
freedom. They
believed colors should
express the artist’s
feelings.
Post Impressionists
- The main common Cubism
characteristic among all - highlighted the two-dimensional surface of the
the various picture plane
- heavy outlines - Focusing on flat surface was a rejection of the
dominant techniques like the use of perspective,
foreshortening, and prevailing notion that art
should imitate nature
- emphasized that they are not in any way obliged
to copy texture, form, color, and space
- They presented a new depiction of reality that
may appear fragmented objects for viewers

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Examples: Surrealism
Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
- Between 1907 and 1914
- have a huge influence on
artist during 20th century

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

- 1907 Dadaism
- Pablo Picasso - Reacting against the rise of
capitalist culture, the war, and
Guernica (1937) the concurrent degradation of art,
- Pablo Picasso artists in the early 1910s began to
- When civil war gripped Spain, Picasso protested explore new art, or an ''anti-art'',
its brutality and inhumanity through highly as described by Marcel
emotional works. Duchamp.
- It was broadcast to the world the carnage of the - The objectives is to shock the
German bombing of civilians in the Basque town viewers.
of Guernica.

Futurism
- early twentieth century
- highlighted the speed, energy, dynamism, and
power of machines
- theme: restlessness and the past-space of modem
life Sensya na anhaba ng reviewer hahaha kung gusto nyo
- ''unceasingly and violently transformed by syang bawasan, iedit nyo nlng sa docx, nandyan lng sa
victorious science." In practice, many of the drivee. taposs tingnan nyo din un ppt sa canvas, Week 5-
works owed much to Cubism. 10. Pero inupload ko naman na sa drive naten kaya tingnan
Examples: nyo nlng doon. Yun reviewer kasi neto, binase ko sa ppt ni
sir. Pero halos lahat naman nun diniscuss ni sir, nandon din
Filippo Tommaso Marinette
sa canvas. May konti lng na d binanggit si sir. kekekeke
- coined the term
Goodluccck!!! - Aki
“futurism to reflect his
purpose of disregarding
the traditional methods
of art in the past
- believes that art should
embrace and embody
change
- Innovation, creativity, and originality.

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