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Iv. Irrigation Water Requirements

The document provides formulas and explanations for calculating various water requirements for rice production including: 1) Land soaking requirement (LSR), which is calculated based on soil properties like porosity and residual moisture content. 2) Crop water requirement (CWR), which is the sum of evapotranspiration and percolation losses. 3) Diversion water requirement (DWR), which is the total quantity of water needed to be diverted from a source to irrigate a crop after accounting for conveyance efficiency. 4) Farm turnout requirement (FTR), which is the amount of water needed at the farm outlet after accounting for application efficiency.

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Jose Carlo Dizon
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2K views21 pages

Iv. Irrigation Water Requirements

The document provides formulas and explanations for calculating various water requirements for rice production including: 1) Land soaking requirement (LSR), which is calculated based on soil properties like porosity and residual moisture content. 2) Crop water requirement (CWR), which is the sum of evapotranspiration and percolation losses. 3) Diversion water requirement (DWR), which is the total quantity of water needed to be diverted from a source to irrigate a crop after accounting for conveyance efficiency. 4) Farm turnout requirement (FTR), which is the amount of water needed at the farm outlet after accounting for application efficiency.

Uploaded by

Jose Carlo Dizon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGR. JOSE CARLO R.

DIZON
Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering
College of Engineering and Information Technology
Cavite State University
Indang, Cavite
It is the amount of water required in
lowland rice production which is a function
of the initial soil moisture and the physical
properties of the soil.
𝑛 − (𝑅𝑀𝐶 𝑥 𝐴𝑠) 𝐷𝑟𝑧
𝐿𝑆𝑅 =
𝑇
Where:
n = soil porosity (cm3 / cm3) in decimal
Drz = depth of rootzone (mm)
T = duration of land soaking (days)
RMC = residual moisture content (dry mass basis) in
decimal
The soil has the following characteristics:
porosity = 50%, bulk density = 1.25g/cc,
residual moisture content is 15% dry basis.
The rooting depth is 300mm and the
duration of land soaking is 5 days.
Determine the land soaking requirement.
The amount of water required in lowland
rice production which includes water losses
through evaporation, seepage and
percolation and land soaking.
𝐿𝑃𝑊𝑅 = 𝐸 + 𝑃

Where:
E = evapotranspiration (mm/day)
P = percolation (mm/day)

*for entire land preparation including land


soaking

𝐿𝑃𝑊𝑅 = 𝐿𝑆𝑅 + 𝐸 + 𝑃
Determination of Evapotranspiration using
Lysimeter:

𝐴 − (𝐵 − 𝐶)
𝐸𝑇 =
𝑇

Where:
A = cropped and bottomless tank
B = cropped and bottomless tank
C = uncropped with and bottom tank
Three tanks are installed side by side in a
filed to measure the evapotranspiration of
rice. Tank A is bottomless and is cropped.
Tank B is bottomless but is uncropped. Tank
C has a bottom and is uncropped. If the
water losses after 2 rainless days are as
follows:
Tank A – 14.0 mm
Tank B – 10.0 mm
Tank C – 5.0 mm
Determine the actual evapotranspiration
of the crop.
It is the amount of water used in producing
crops which is the sum of
evapotranspiration or consumptive use plus
seepage and percolation losses
𝐶𝑊𝑅 = 𝐸𝑇𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑝 + 𝑃

Where:
CWR in mm/day
Etcrop = crop evapotranspiration/actual evapotranspiration
(mm/day)
P = Percolation (mm/day)

For lowland rice add depth of emergence,

𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝐶𝑊𝑅 = 𝐸𝑇𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑝 + 𝑃 +
𝝙𝑇
𝐸𝑇𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑝 = 𝐸𝑇𝑅 + 𝐾𝑐

Where:
𝐸𝑇𝑅 = 𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐾𝑐 = 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑝 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
Determine the crop water requirement of a
cornfield if the reference evapotranspiration
in the area is 6mm/day and the crop is ready
for harvest. The soil in the area is silty clay
loam (P = 1.5 mm/day).
During land preparation:

𝐹𝐼𝑅 = 𝐿𝑃𝑊𝑅 − 𝐸𝑅

After transplanting:

𝐹𝐼𝑅 = 𝐶𝑊𝑅 − 𝐸𝑅
Where:
ER = Effective rainfall
It is the amount of water to replenish the
crop water requirement and losses less the
effective rainfall.

𝐹𝐼𝑅
𝐹𝑊𝑅 =
𝐸𝑎
Where:
Ea = application efficiency
𝐹𝑊𝑅 = 𝐶𝑊𝑅 − 𝐸𝑅 + 𝐿𝑃𝑊𝑅 + 𝐹𝑎𝑟𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

Farm ditches loss = (S&P)farmditch x P x L


(S&P) = seepage and percolation (mm/day)
P = wetted perimeter
L = length of flow
It is the total quantity of water diverted
from a stream, lake, or reservoir, or
removed from the ground in order to
irrigate a crop.

𝐹𝑊𝑅
𝐷𝑊𝑅 =
𝐸𝑐

Where:
Ec = Conveyance efficiency
The crop water requirement is 15mm/day
and the effective rainfall is 2mm/day. If the
application efficiency is 75% and the
conveyance efficiency is 80%, determine
the farm turnout requirement (lps/ha) and
the diversion water requirement (lps/ha).
𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑝
𝐼𝐴 =
𝐷𝑊𝑅
It is the flow on the main canal.

𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝐷𝑊𝑅 𝑥 𝐼𝐴
𝑄𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 − 𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑
The discharge of a stream adjacent to a
60ha field is 85 lps. If the diversion water
requirement is 15.67 mm/day. Does the
stream capable to supply sufficient water
in the field?

If no, what percent of the field will only be


sufficiently irrigated? Determine the extra
amount of water needed to properly
irrigate the whole area.

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