Lesson 7:

Sexual Aspect of
Self
BS CRIM 12 (GROUP 3)
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. be familiar with the human reproductive system and the human sexual

responses, and behaviors that comprise the sexual aspect of the self;

2. demonstrate reflective thought about different stages of love; and

3. explain the various sexually transmitted diseases and infections and

ways to prevent them through methods of contraception.

Sigmund freud and the
Desire for pleasure
Human being’s need sex is not for the same level as
the need for oxygen, water, and food. But without
it, humankind will perish. Sex is not simply for
procreation but it is also a source of pleasure which
is an important part of sexual health.

Sigmund freud and the

Desire for pleasure
For Sigmund freud, all human behavior is
motivated by the desire to feel pleasure. Such
motivation is organized and controlled by two
instincts: sexuality and aggression. Freud theorized
that these instincts are driven by a form of internal
psychic energy called libido.

Sigmund freud and the

Desire for pleasure
According to the freud, human instinct continuously
seeks the pleasure of the flesh which can be satisfied
through sex. To know whether human action are
really influenced be sexual urges or not, Robert
michel, john Gagnon , and Edward laumann
conducted a study in 1992 among americans to know
how much men and women think about sex.

Sigmund freud and the

Desire for pleasure
The main plays an important role in one’s sexuality
and sexual behaviors. When one is sexually
attracted to someone, it is expected that he or she
will not aggressively act on his or her urges so as
not to be accused of harassment.

Sigmund freud and the

Desire for pleasure
Humans have the ability to control their sexual
urges. People may engage in sexual activities
because of feelings of love and admiration.
However sex must be understood only as one of
the many factors that drive people to act and
behave the way they do.
 Development of
secondary sex
characteristics and
the human
reproductive system
 During adolescene , boys and girls develops their secondary sex
characteristics along with other physical changes they experience in
this stage. In the stages og human growth and development, an
individual becomes physically mature upon reaching the stage of
puberty.

Physical changes during adolescence are brought about by sex

hormones from the testes and ovaries of males and females,
respectively.

 Testosterone is the sex hormone for males, and estrogen and

progesterone are for females. Usually, the increase in testosterone
takes place at the age of 12 to 14 years for males while the increase in
estrogen and progesterone takes place at the age of 10-12 years for
females. Rapid growth and changes happen at the age of 16 to 17
years in males and 15 to 17 years for females.

 For males, physical changes include rapid increase in height and

weight, growth of Adam’s apple, deepening of voice, widening of
shoulders, appearance and growth of pubic hair, and underarm and
facial hair, among others.

• For females, changes include rapid increase in height and

weight, onset of menstruation, development of breasts and hips,
among others.

 Males develop more slowly in terms of physical growth and

physiological changes but continue to grow for about six years.
Development during puberty follows a predictable sequence, but
every individual experiences changes at his or her own pace for
growth and development are influenced by heredity, environment,
and lifestyle.

Male Reproductive
System
The male reproductive system is composed of the
penis, testes, vas deferens, scrotum, sperm,
prostate gland, and epididymis. The main
function of the system is the production of sperm
for the fertilization of the ovum.
 1. Penis

The primary male sex organ. It has a long

shaft and an enlarged tip called the glans
penis.
2. Testes or testicles
the organ responsible for the production of
sperm cells and testosterone, the male sex
hormone. The testes or testicles lie outside
the abdominal cavity of the male within the
scrotum.
3. Vas deferens
The tube that connects the testes with the
urethra. It serves as a passageway of the
sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory
ducts for ejaculation
4. Scrotum
The sac of skin that carries the testes. Protect
the testes and is responsible for maintaining
the body temperature a few degrees before
the normal body temperature.
 5. Sperm
The male sex cell. It is produced in the testes and
matures the epididymis and passes from the vas
deferens to the urethra. The sperm is released out
of the male reproductive system through the
semen, the fluid that carries the sperm along with
a range of organic and inorganic constituents.
6. Prostate Gland
A gland that surrounds the upper part of the
urethra just below the bladder. It secretes
fluids that nourish and protect the sperm.
7. Epididymis
Long coiled tube located at the back of the
testicles that stores and carries sperm.
Female Reproductive
System
The female reproductive system is composed of the ovary,
ovum, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. The
main function of the female reproductive system is the
production, transportation, and fertilization of eggs and
production of sex hormones.
 1. Ovary
The female reproductive organ located in the
pelvic cavity which produces the ova (egg cells)
and secretes the female hormones, progesterone
and estrogen.
 2. Ovum
The female reproductive cell also called the
egg cell. Once matured, it unites with a male
sperm to form a fertilized egg.
 3. Fallopian Tubes
or Oviducts
Extend from the uterus to the ovaries. The
primary function of the tubes is to carry the
egg from the ovary to the uterus.
 4. Uterus
the thick -walled, pear-sized and -shaped
muscular organ that lies above the urinary
bladder. It nurtures the fertilized ovum that
develops into the fetus and it carries the baby
until its birth.
 5. Cervix
the lower part of the uterus. It directs the
sperm into the uterus during sexual
intercourse.
 6. Vagina
The elastic passageway form the cervix to
the outside of the female body. It receives
the penis during sexual intercourse and it
is where the baby passes during childbirth.
 7. Vulva
The external genital organ of the female. It
consists the labia majora,labia minors,
mons pubis, clitoris, vestibules, and the
vaginal opening.
 Erogenous Zones
An erogenous zone is a part of the body that is highly
sensitive and the stimulation of which leads to sexual
responses such as relaxation, fantasies, arousal, and orgasm.
The stimulation of an individual’s erogenous zone is
considered an act of physical intimacy. These zones differ
between the male and female bodies

 Male Body Female Body

Mouth Mouth
Lips Lips
Neck Neck
Ears Ears
Nipples Breasts
Scrotum Nipples
Perinium ( the area between the Cervix ( lower end of
arius and scrotum) the uterus)
Penis Vagina
Clitoris

Knowing these zones or “hot spots” is

important for every couple as it would
boost sexual satisfaction. In addition,
knowing these zones will also improve
sexual health. Research shows that
stimulating these spots may produce
different reaction to the body such as
relaxation of the muscle and the
production of the "feel-good" hormone
called prolactin.
 Human Sexual Responses
Sexual response cycle is the term used to describe the

changes that occur in the body as men and women

become sexually aroused (Master & Johnson 1966). The

cycle is divided into four phases, namely excitement,

plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

1. Excitement
This is when the body gets ready for sexual activity. In

this phase, males may experience an increase in heart

rate, muscle, tension, increase in breathing, erection

of penis and nipples, tightening of scrotum, and

release of pre-ejaculation fluid. For females, they may

experience the swelling of the clitoris and release of

lubricating fluid.
2. Plateau
During this phase, intensified breathing, high blood

pressure, and faster heart rate may be experienced as

well as muscle contraction in the face, feet, and

hands. For males, testicles are withdrawn up into the

scrotum. For females, continued swelling of the

vagina is experienced and the clitoris becomes very

sensitive.
3.Orgasm
This is also referred to as the climax of the cycle. During this

phase, breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate are further

intensified. Contraction of the muscles of the face, feet, and

hands continues. One or both are breathing heavily and

there is irrepressible and powerful release of sexual tension.

For males, release of the semen occurs. For females, muscle

contraction of the vagina is experienced.

4. Resolution
The body gradually returns to its normal level of

functioning. Some parts of the body return to their

original size and color. It is also during this phase that

fatigue begins to be felt but the overall sexual activity

is also expected to bring a sense of biological

fulfillment.
 Understanding
the Chemistry of
Lust, Attraction,
and Attachment
 Helen Fisher (1948) of Rutgers University identified three stages of love. These
are lust, attraction, and attachment.

Lust (libido or sex drive) is characterized by the desire for sexual gratification
which is inherent to every living organism. For humans, this is associated with
the sex hormones, testosterone (for males) and estrogen (for females).

Attraction (passionate or obsessive love, infatuation) is characterized by the

intense attention given to a desired partner. An individual with a high degree
of attraction towards another person craves for emotional union with that
person. Sometimes, when one is dominated by passion, one tends to do
stupid and foolish acts.

This stage is driven by chemicals and hormones like adrenaline, dopamine, and
serotonin.
 1. Adrenaline
is released by the body for “fight” or “flight”. For instance, after
surprisingly meeting one’s object of affection, this hormone
will activate one’s stress response such as sweating and drying
of the mouth.
 2. Dopamine
ignites an intense rush of pleasure when released. High level of
neurotransmitter like dopamine causes increased energy, less
need for food and sleep, and focused attention to one’s desired
partner.
 3. Serotonin
is attributed to “falling in love” as this hormone makes a
person think of his or her desired partner at most times.
Attachment (companionate love)

is characterized by the desire of couples to stay together. A

person who is already attached feels comfort and security

from his or her partner. This phase also includes behaviors

anchored on long-term companionship. This stage is driven

by two major hormones, namely oxytocin and vasopressin.

1. Oxytocin (cuddle hormone) – is released during orgasm. This feeling of
attachment becomes more intense after a couple has sexual intercourse.

2. Vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone) – is released after sexual intercourse.

Scientist discovered the role of vasopressin in attachment by studying prairie vole,
small creatures (like mice) that form monogamous bonds like humans. When
male prairie voles were injected a drug that suppresses vasopressin, they began
neglecting their partners.
What Turns People
On and Off
·A “turn on” refers to something that
someone may find desirable, pleasant,
beautiful, likeable or any other positive
quality. A “turn off,” on the other hand, is
the complete opposite.
What Turns People
On and Off
·Turn ons and turn offs usually refer to
another person’s physical traits, attributes,
attitudes, and conduct that one may find
desirable or not. A person may be turned
on if he or she finds a particular quality of
another person desirable; otherwise, he or
she may be turned off.
What Turns People
On and Off
·For teens, turn ons and turn offs may focus
on the physical attributes and personal
qualities of someone from the opposite sex.
·For young adults and mature adults, turn
ons and turn offs may be associated with
sexual activities.
What Turns People
On and Off
·What turns people on and off are qualities
and acts that people observe and
experience. It can be the different things
that one comes in contact with constantly.
An individual’s turn on and turn off can
simply serve as markers of one’s personality
and identity.
 The Diversity of
Sexual Behaviors
Sexual behaviors and/or activities may come in the form
of masturbation, premarital sex, marital sex, extramarital
sex, heterosexuality, homosexuality and bisexuality.
Masturbation
This is a sexual act of stimulating one’s own genitals

done alone by an individual. Both men and women

masturbate although some studies saysthat men do

the act often than women do.

Premarital sex
This refers to the sexual activities people engage in

outside of marriage. Ofr certain religions, this is

considered unacceptable fop there is a belief that is

only through marriage that man and woman could

partake in sexual activities.

Marital sex
These are sexual activities that happen within bounds

of marriage. Sexual activities within marriage are

accepted for marriage are perceived to be legal and

symbolic binding of two people who agree to only be

with each others.

Extramarital sex
These are sexual activities that married people engage

in people they are not married to. Extramarital sex

happens among people engaged in extramarital

affairs. This is considered as unlawful and unacceptable

in society for it is practice of infidelity.

Heterosexuality

As a sexual behavior, heterosexuality happens between

persons of the opposite sex.

Homosexuality

Opposite to heterosexuality, homosexuality, as a sexual

behavior, refers to sexual attraction and activities that

happens between two persons of the same sex.

Bisexuality

This refers to sexual behaviors of one who engages in

sexual acts with someone from the opposite of same

sex.
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) refer to health

conditions that are passed on from one person to

another through sexual contact. STDs can be

contracted through having unprotected sex with

someone who has STDs

1. HIV/AIDS ( Human
Immunodeficiency Virus/
Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome )
a spectrum of conditions caused by being infected

with HIV, HIV is primarily transmitted through

unprotected sex, contaminated needles exchange

and blood transfusion, and during pregnancy. AIDS

refers to occurrence of specific disease due to the

contraction of HIV.
2 . GONORRHEA

a bacterial infection of the mucuos membranes in the eye,

throat, genitels and other organs. Usual symptoms in men

include secretion of yellowish-white fluid from the penis

and painful urination. For women, they may experience

painful urination with discharge, accompanied by fever,

abdominal pain, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

3. SYPHILIS
an infection caused by crowscrew-shaped bacterium called

Treponema pallidum that is transmitted through direct contact

with a syphilitic sore on the skin. It causes sore in the vagina,

anus, rectum, even on the lips and mouth. Syphilis is

transmitted not only through sexual activity but also by merely

kissing an infected person. Syphilis may lead To paralysis,

crippling, blindness, heart disease, brain and organ damage,

dementia, and even death.

4. GENITAL HERPES

is a viral infection that causes blisters on the genitals. It also

causes itching and a burning sensation on the skin.

Unfortunately, there is no cure for genital herpes, but there

are medications to reduce its severity and the frequency of

outbreaks.
5.GENITAL WARTS

are warts caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV)

that grows in the genital or anal area.

6. CHANCROID

is a bacterial infection that causes sores or ulcers on

the genitals. Chancroid sores usually appears at the

head of the penis for men and on the labia majora

for women.
7. PUBLIC LICE (CRABS)

are very small parasites that infest the genital area

which are primarily spread through sexual contact. The

parasites are attached to the pubic hair and may even

be transmitted with contaminated clothes, bedding,

and other items.

8.SCABIES
is a skin condition that is caused by infestation of tiny mites

called Sarcoptes scabies. Symptoms if mite invasion include

itching and rashes. Similar to other mites, they lay and batch

egg in human skin. It is usually transmitted through sexual

intercourse and close body contact. These mites cannot jump

or fly but sharing of clothes and other washable items may

also lead to their transmission.

9. TRICHOMONIASIS

an infection caused by a parasite called Trichomonas

vaginalis. Men infected with trichomoniasis may

experience itching, genital irritation with discharge, and

painful urination and ejaculation. Women infected with

trichomoniasis may also feel itching, genital soreness

and irritation, painful urination with unusual discharge

that can be yellowish or greenish in color.

10 . MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

another sexually transmitted infection caused by

molluscum contagiosum virus. It is a skin condition

characterized by small lumps (molluscum) which are

pearly-white or slightly pink. These lumps, when

squeezed, release a white cheesy fluid. The virus can be

transmitted also through skin-to-skin contact and trough

sharing of clothes and other personal things.

11. PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID

it is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI) but a

complication resulting from STIs especially Chlamydia

and gonorrhea. Women infected with PID experience

inflammation of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian

tubes. The disease is caused by bacteria, fungi, or

parasites.
12. CHLAMYDIA
a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria

Chlamydia trachomatis that do significant damage to the

human reproductive system. Chlamydia can infect the penis,

vagina, cervix, anus, urethra, eyes, and throat. Females

infected with Chlamydia suffer vaginal discharge with strong

smell, difficulty in urinating, and pain during sexual

intercourse. Male infected with Chlamydia experience

discharge from the penis, difficulty in urinating, and swelling

in the testicles.
 Methods of Contraception
Since there is no perfect method of contraception, one must take into consideration

the following factors in choosing a particular method of contraception:

1. It should be safe enough. There should be no unwanted side-effect

for every individual using the contraceptive.

2. It should be efficient in averting unwanted pregnancy.

3. It should be simple and easy to use.

4. It should be available at any time.

 Some of the
recognized
methods in family
planning are:
1. Folk Method
A. Postcoital Douche or Douching – Douching is a method used by women to
flush out the vagina With a medical solution to remove or destroy the sperm.
After sexual activity, the woman will immediately apply the solution. Some of
the solutions used are water, vinegar, ad other commercially available
products.

B. Prolonged Lactation- This technique used by women is done through

breast feeding their baby for a longer period, Prolonged Lactation, according
to doctors, helps delay ovulation.
2. Behavioral contraceptives

Behavioral contraceptives do not feed any artificial devices. Pregnancy can

be prevented by altering the natural process of sexual relations, thus
impeding the union of the egg and sperm cells. However, such methods
require a high degree of motivation for partner couples to become
successful.
2. Behavioral contraceptives
A. Rhythm method- the rhythm method is a natural method supported by
the catholic church. Couples are enjoined to abstain for a certain period
while the woman is fertile temperature is the time that the woman is most
fertile.

B. Ovulation method- This practices makes use of the observed mucous

discharge from the vagina at the beginning of a woman’s fertile period.
After menstruation, a woman experiences a feeling of dryness in the
genital area. These days are safe.
2. Behavioral contraceptives
C. Withdrawal or Coitus Interruptus – This is a process where in the man,
during sexual intercourse, withdraws the penis out of the vagina before
orgasm.

D. Coitus Reservatus – This is a practice in which the man withholds

ejaculation and let the erection subside inside the vagina.
There are other behavioral contraceptive methods such as oral or anal sex
but these are considered forms of perversion.
3 Mechanical Contraceptives
There are mechanical contraceptives of different forms that act as barriers to
prevent the sperm from entering the uterus, thereby preventing pregnancy

A. Condom- The condom is thin material made of rubber used during sexual
activity, The man wears the condom on his penis to prevent sperms from
entering the vagina. Most doctors usually recommend the use of condoms to
men who are sexually active to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted
diseases (STDIS)
3 Mechanical Contraceptives
B. Diaphragm- This is a shallow rubber cup inserted into the vagina. The
diaphragm is coated with spermicidal cream or jelly to prevent the entry of
sperm into the uterus. After intercourse the diaphragm should not be
removed for at least eight hours, the diaphragm can be inserted by the
woman alone without any assistance.

C. Cervical caps- These are fitted over cervix by a doctor, Usually cervical caps
can be worn for a month starting after menstruation up to the onset of the
next menstruation.
4 Chemical Contraceptives
Chemical Contraceptives, better known as spermicides, are used to prevent pregnancy
by stopping the sperm from entering the uterus.

A. Vaginal suppositories and tablets- A suppository is a small, bullet-

shaped dosage form containing chemicals used is destroying the sperm
cells. It is inserted into the vagina to melt before sexual intercourse
4 Chemical Contraceptives

B. Contraceptive jellies, creams, and vaginal foams – These are applied

onto the vagina shortly before sexual intercourse. Vaginal foams are
packaged with butane propellant in a bottle or are sold with plastic
applicators. These spermicides immobilize and kill the sperms. They are
effective for an hour as long as the vagina will not be douched or washed
six hours after intercourse.
5. Intrauterine Devices

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small device of polyethylene plastic

or thin copper wire inserted into the uterus by a physician. IUD
includes the coil, the loop, and the Cooper T that are used to avoid
pregnancy. IUD has a nylon trail which can be felt at the cervical
opening.
6. Pill

Taking the pill is completely dissociated from the sexual act. The pill
renders the woman infertile. She does not need to think about pregnancy.
When taken exactly as prescribed, the pill is almost 100 percent effective.
The pill contains hormones which prevent conception by inhibiting the
ovaries from releasing egg cells.
7. Sterilization
Sterilization or surgery is done with comparative case and is
Virtually 100 percent effective. Sterilization of the male is achieved
through vasectomy and sterilization of the female is through
cubicle ligation.

Vasectomy is a relatively simple procedure in which the vas deferens, the

tube through which sperms are transported, is tied of or cauterized,
causing the sperm to be reabsorbed by the body instead of becoming
part or semen.
7. Sterilization

Tubal ligation is a major surgical procedure in which the woman is

put under general anesthesia, A large abdominal incision is made
and the fallopian tubes are cut and tied off. Ovulation and
menstruation continue as usual but the ripened egg cannot enter
the uterus. Instead, it disintegrates and is absorbed by the body.
8. Injectibles

Injectibles are one of the latest forms of contraception. The

contraceptive is injected and a woman to inhibit ovulation. An
injection usually lasts for three months.
THE
END
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