1- What is Power BI?

Power BI is a very powerful Data Visualization and Business Analytics tool provided by
Microsoft. It help us to provide interactive Visualizations, Dashboard & BI Reports with self-
service capabilities.
2- Power BI components?
Power BI Desktop, Power BI Gateway, Power BI Mobile Apps, Power BI Service
3- Power BI Building Blocks?
Visualizations, Datasets, Reports, Dashboards, Tiles
4- Power BI supported DataSource
1. File: Excel, Text/CSV, XML, JSON, PDF etc.
2. Database: SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SAP HANA etc.
3. Azure: Azure SQL, Azure SQL Data warehouse, Azure Blob Storage etc.
5- Data Type in Power BI?
1. Number type: Decimal Number, Fixed Decimal Number, Whole Number
2. Date/time types: Date/Time, Date, Time, Date/Time/Timezone, Duration
3. Text type: Text
4. Binary type: True/false
6- What is a Report?
The Report is a Power BI feature which is a result of visualized data from a single data set. A
report can have multiple pages of visualization.
7- What is a Dashboard?
The Dashboard is used to visualize the strategic data of one or multiple reports in a glance.
8- Measures Vs Quick Measures
Measures: In Power BI Desktop you can create your own measures to using Data Analysis
Expressions (DAX) formula language to perform Aggregation level of Calculations such as
COUNTS, AVERAGE, SUM, MAX, MIN & many more.
Quick measures are pre-built or you can say readymade measures. You don’t have to write
DAX formula for this, it’s done for you based on input you provide in a quick measure dialog
box.
9- Bookmarks in Power BI?
Bookmarks capture the present configured view of a report page, including filters, slicers,
and the state of visuals. When you select a bookmark, Power BI takes you back to that view.
There are two types of bookmarks – those you create yourself and those created by report
designers.
10- Slicers in Power BI?
Slicer is a canvas visual filters. It is used to sort or filter visuals data according to user
selection.
11- DAX in Power BI?
DAX stands for Data Analysis Expressions. It is a library of functions and operators to using
them we can build formulas and expressions.
12- Power BI Data Connectivity mode?
1. Direct Query mode
2. Import mode
13- Difference between SUM() and  SUMX() ?
SUM is a simple aggregation function. It summarizes a value based on a filter context.
Syntax:SUM(<ColumnName>)Copy
SUMX() is an iterator function. Returns the sum of an expression evaluated for each row in a
table.
Syntax:SUMX(<table>, <expression>)Copy
Read more
14- Difference between COUNT() and COUNTX() ?
The COUNT function counts the number of cells in a column that contain non-blank values.
Syntax: COUNT(<column>)Copy
The COUNTX function counts only values, dates, or strings. If the function finds no rows to
count, it returns a blank.
Syntax: COUNTX(<Table>, <Expression>)Copy
Read more
 15- Types of Power BI Filters?
1. Visual level Filters: This is visual level filter and applied directly on individual
visualizations. Such filters are applied both on data and calculation conditions used within a
visualization.
2. Page level Filters: Power BI Page level Filters are used to filter the visuals present in
the page.
3. Report level Filters: The report-level filters are the filters that you use to apply a
filter condition on the entire report.
4. Drillthrough level filter: Drillthrough allows users to navigate to different report
pages within a report.
16- What is Power BI Tooltips?
Tooltips  is very cool feature of Power Bi Desktop, it help us to explore our visuals more
deeper and it is very easy to use. Tooltips appears when the cursor is hovering over a visual.
17- What is Power BI Cross-report?
Cross-report drill through is a feature in Power BI that enables users to drill through from
the data of one report to another separate report
18- Types of DAX functions in Power BI?
1. Aggregate DAX functions: MIN, MAX, Average, SUM, SUMX
2. Counting Functions: DISTINCTCOUNT, COUNT, COUNTA, COUNTROWS,
COUNTBLANK
3. Logical Functions: AND, OR, NOT, IF, IFERROR
4. TEXT Functions: REPLACE, SEARCH, UPPER, FIXED, CONCATENATE
5. DATE Functions: DATE, HOUR, WEEKDAY, NOW, EOMONTH
Read more
19- Power BI Report Performance technique
1. Limit the number of visuals in dashboards and reports.
2. To improve Power BI report performance, remove unnecessary interactions between
visuals, by default it is enable.
3. Use Microsoft AppSource certified custom visuals where applicable.
4. If possible avoid to use hierarchical filters
5. Remove unused tables or columns from dataset, where possible.
6. Use integers instead of strings, where possible.
7. Used Performance analyzer, This new tool lets you analyze the speed of your
dashboard and will point out the bottlenecks.
20- What is Edit Interactions in Power BI?
Power BI provides you to very cool features of visual Interaction, by default this feature is
enable, that’s means when you select any slicer value or click any visual by default all visuals
get filtered on the basis of click or select value. And we can control this feature to using Edit
Interactions.
21- What is Power Pivot?
Power Pivot is the component where you can setup a relationship between Tables/Queries
loaded into the data model.
It is calculation engine of Power BI. It is used to model complex business data, calculate data
that needs to be displayed in the area of the value field in the Pivot charts/tables.
You can use the Data Analysis Expression (DAX) language to inform the Power Pivot about
the various calculations you require.
22- What is Power View?
With the help of Power view, you can create interactive charts, graph, maps and other
visuals.
23- What is Power Query?
It is ETL component that helps us to extract, transform and load the data into Power BI
desktop. With Power Query you can extract data from multiple data sources like(databases,
files, web pages, Azure etc.)
24- Name some Commonly used tasks in the query editor?
1. Connect to data
2. Shape and combine data
3. Group rows
4. Pivot columns
5. Create custom columns
6. Query formulas
25- What is data size in power BI?
The file size limit is 1GB in PRO and 10GB for premium members/users.
26- How many records we are able to see in your Power BI desktop?
1 Million
27. What are the difference sources that you worked on?
Excel, SQL Server, CSV Files, JSON file and Azure SQL Server.
28. Can we delete datasets in pro from works space?
Yes
29- What is Relationship? How many types of relationship?
When you import multiple tables, you are going to analysis data using those tables.
Relationship between those table are necessary in order to accurate calculate result and
display the correct information in your reports.
Power BI desktop makes creating those relationships easy. The auto detect feature can do it
for you. If you query two or more table at the sometime, when the data is loaded, power bi
desktop attempts to find and create relationship for you.
Cardinality, cross filter direction and active properties are automatically set.
Types of Relationships
Active Relationship:  This means the relationship service as the active, default relationship.
Where there is more than one relationship provides a way of power bi desktop to
automatically create visualizations that include both table.
In-active Relationship:  Suppose you have two tables, 1- Sales Table, 2- Date Table, under
Sales table that has two columns Order Date & Ship Date and in Date table there is one Date
column.
Suppose you created Relationship between Date table date column with Sales Table Order
Date & Ship Date columns.
So in that scenario at a time one relationship will be active and second will be Inactive that is
called In active relationship.
30- What is Cardinality?
The cardinality of the relationship means having unique or multiple instances per value for
the joining field between two tables.
Cardinality defined by the relationship. Cardinality refers to the relationship between two
tables.
o Many to one (*:1): A many-to-one relationship means, the column in a given table
can have more than one instance of a value, and the other related table has only one
instance of a value.
o One to many (1:*): In a one-to-many relationship, the column in one table has only
one instance of a particular value, and the other related table can have more than one
instance of a value.
o One-to-one (1:1): In a one-to-one relationship, the column in one table has only one
instance of a particular value, and the other related table has only one instance of a particular
value.
o Many to many (*:*): With composite models, you can establish a many-to-many
relationship between tables, which removes requirements for unique values in tables.
31- What type saving power BI file?
Power BI file format is. pbix
32. How many types of joins in power BI?
Right Join,  Left Join, Inner Join, Full outer Join
33- What is Button?
The Buttons are used to pop-up of multiple pages in a report.
34- What is Custom Sort?
Custom sort allows you to define a specific order for displaying data. It is an easy way to
predefine your own order for displaying data.
35- Can we delete datasets in pro from works space?
Yes
 36- Can we create a dashboard from visuals from multiple pages within the report?
Yes, we can create a dashboard from multiple pages .
37- Can we create a dashboard from visuals from multiple reports?
Yes, we can create a dashboard from visuals from multiple reports.
38- Can we create reports in service?
Yes, we can create reports in service.
39- Can we create Calculated columns and measures in Service?
No, we cannot create calculated columns and measures in service
40- Using the username() or userprincipalname() DAX function?
username() will return a user in the format of DOMAIN\User. userprincipalname() will return
a user in the format of [email protected].
In Power BI service, username() and userprincipalname() will both return the user’s User
Principal Name (UPN). This looks similar to an email address.
41- What is RLS?
Row level security is the ability to filter content based on a user’s role. Both Direct Query and
data imported to the model support RLS
42- Can we use RLS to limit the columns or measures accessible by my users?
No. If a user has access to a particular row of data, they can see all the columns of data for
that row.
43- Does RLS let me hide detailed data but give access to data summarized in
visuals?
No, you secure individual rows of data but users can always see either the details or the
summarized data.
44- What is Static RLS?
Static RLS is simple, It is used when there is a requirement to restrict a specific user group to
see the only same part of the data.
For example, you may want to restrict INDIA salespeople to only view INDIA data.
Power BI Desktop > Test Roles in Desktop Publish to Power BI Service > Add Users to Power
BI Service
45- What is Dynamic RLS?
Static RLS is about creating roles manually, If we have too many Roles to create Static RLS is
not an option. Thus comes the Dynamic RLS.
Example: if you want to restrict the user based on the state then we need to create Role for
each state.
46- Can we delete datasets in pro from works space?
Yes
47- Can we create a dashboard from visuals from multiple pages within the report?
Yes, we can create a dashboard from multiple pages .
48- Can we create a dashboard from visuals from multiple reports?
Yes we can create a dashboard from visuals from multiple reports.
49- Can we create reports in service?
Yes we can create reports in service.
50- Can we create Calculated columns and measures in Service?
No, we cannot create calculated columns and measures in service.
51- Types of Views in Power BI?
o Report or Canvas view: Allows you to create & view the visualizations.
o Data view: You can see your all report data here, and you can quickly validate your
data.
o Model view : Shows all of the tables, columns, and relationships in your model and
you can set and mange the relationship between tables.
52- What is Custom visual in Power BI?
Custom Visual are not inbuilt Power BI visuals and they are not available in BI desktop.
Custom visuals provides advanced level of customization in terms of design & layout. You can
import these visuals from Power BI App source.
53- What are the gateways that available in Power BI?
1. On-premises data gateway(personal mode)
2. On-premises data gateway( recommended/ standard)
 54- What is z-order in Power BI?
Z-order is just a design strategy which is used for arranging visual over shapes. “Z order”
refers to the front-to-back alignment of visuals in a report. There is no specific “Z order”
button in Power BI.
55- What is Tab Order?
Tab order is the order in which users interact with the items on a page using the keyboard.
56- Explain “M language” in Power BI?
This is the programming language used in Power Query.
It’s a functional, case-sensitive language that’s similar to other programming languages and
easy to use.
57- Calculated column in Power BI?
Calculated column is same like other columns in Power BI, it stored in Power BI memory &
perform the calculations rows by row.
58- What is Power BI Q&A?
Using Power BI Q&A visual, you can search for your data or discover insights by entering
queries in natural language. It instantly understands your query and returns relevant results.
59- What is Content packs in Power BI?
Content packs provide a way to share Power BI objects, such as reports, datasets, or
dashboards with individuals within your organization.
60- Apps in Power BI?
An app is a Power BI content type that combines related dashboards and reports, all in
one place. An app can have one or more dashboards and one or more reports, all bundled
together.
61- What is the incremental refresh?
Incremental refresh help us to load only newly added data instead of entire dataset each
time, and now  it is available for Power BI Pro, Premium, and shared subscriptions and
datasets.
62- Query folding in Power BI?
Query folding is the ability for a Power Query query to generate a single query statement to
retrieve and transform source data.
It is useful in – Incremental Refresh, Import mode & DirectQuery and Dual storage mode
tables.
63- Roles in workspace?
Admin
o Create, edit, delete, copy and publish reports and content in a workspace
o Publish, Update, or Share App in workspace.
o Access, view and interact with reports and dashboards in a workspace.
o Configure and modify Schedule data refreshes and Gateway.
o Add or Remove other users including other admins.
Member
o Can all the tasks that are associated with admins but can not add or remove users.
o Can’t delete the workspace.
o Can add other users to the viewer or contributor role.
Contributor
o Can create, edit, delete, copy and publish content and reports within a workspace.
o Cannot publish, update, or edit an app in a workspace unless given this ability by
admins or members.
o Cannot add or remove users.
o Modify Gateway and schedule data refreshes.
Viewer
o Can only view a report or dashboard in a workspace, also can interact with visuals.
o Cannot add or remove users.
o Can read data that is stored in workspace dataflows.
64- Import mode vs Direct query mode
In import mode Power BI Desktop store the data inside Power BI Cache. Import mode is very
fast compare to Direct Query mode because all data comes from Power BI Desktop Cache.
 Direct Query in Power BI is a Data connectivity mode allows you to Direct Connection with
live data base. It does not load or copied data into Power BI model, because data directly
came from data source.
65- Composite model in Power BI
A model that combines data from more than one DirectQuery source or that combines
DirectQuery with import data is called a composite model.
66- Index in Power BI?
You can add a Serial number or Row Number column in Power BI.
o From 0 – It adds index starting from 0.
o From 1 – It adds index starting from 1.
o Custom – It gives you ability to set index starting number and increment.
67- What is Gateway?
Gateway is an application and it provides the connection between Power BI cloud services and
the data source located on-premises.
Using gateway you can schedule refresh the datasets on cloud. You can installed this
application on any servers in the local domain.
68- What is On-premises data gateway (personal mode)?
Only you can use this, and you can use it only for scheduling refresh in Power BI and It can
be used only with Power BI service.
69- What is On-premises data gateway(recommended/ standard) mode?
This gateway can be used by multiple users that have access to the server onto which you
install the gateway. It can be used for both scheduling refresh and live queries in Power BI.
You can also use it for Power BI, PowerApps, Azure Logic Apps, Power Automate, Azure
Analysis Services, dataflows.


o  of users who can use Power BI?
 Power bi MCQs
What is Power BI?
Power BI was introduced by Microsoft to combine the multiple data visualization features into
one. Power BI is the new term for the data-driven industry and thus carries a lot of
opportunities on its shoulders.  It comes as a package of three major components:
 Power BI services
 Power BI Desktop
 Power BI mobile app
With these three components, Power BI lets you create a data-driven insight into your
business. Based on various roles, you can leverage Power BI to your benefits like creating
reports, monitor progress, integrate APIs, and many more.
Why Power BI?
Power BI has simplified the workaround of getting data from various sources and collating
them into one tool for proper management. We can share these interactive reports for
different industries like retail, for free.
Power BI is the new flash word in the data-driven tech industry today. The power BI
opportunities are umpteen and spread across versions. With proper knowledge of the tool you
can easily grab opportunities as a:
 Power BI data analyst
 Power BI developer
 Power BI software engineer
 Power BI project manager
 SQL Server Power BI developer 
 Power BI consultant
With good compensation, you get to work with a product’s data and learn about its insights to
make important decisions. Not just this, with the latest Gartner’s BI and Analytics report,
Power BI has emerged as the winner. With so much hype, learning Power BI is worth it.
In today's article, we would be looking at the questions asked in a Power BI interview from
basic, intermediate, to advanced level.
 Power BI Interview Questions For Freshers
1. How would you define Power BI as an effective solution?
Power BI is a strong business analytical tool that creates useful insights and reports by
collating data from unrelated sources. This data can be extracted from any source like
Microsoft Excel or hybrid data warehouses. Power BI drives an extreme level of utility and
purpose using interactive graphical interface and visualizations. You can create reports using
the Excel BI toolkit and share them on-cloud with your colleagues.
2. What are the major components of Power BI?
Power BI is an amalgamation of these major components:

Components of Power BI
 Power Query (for data mash-up and transformation): You can use this to extract data
from various databases (like SQL Server, MySql, and many others ) and to delete a chunk of
data from various sources.
 Power Pivot (for tabular data modeling): It is a data modeling engine that uses a
functional language called Data Analysis Expression (DAX) to perform the calculations. Also,
creates a relationship between various tables to be viewed as pivot tables.
 Power View (for viewing data visualizations): The view provides an interactive display
of various data sources to extract metadata for proper data analysis.
 Power BI Desktop (a companion development tool): Power Desktop is an aggregated
tool of Power Query, Power View, and Power Pivot. Create advanced queries, models, and
reports using the desktop tool.
 Power BI Mobile (for Android, iOS, Windows phones): It gives an interactive display of
the dashboards from the site onto these OS, effortlessly.
 Power Map (3D geo-spatial data visualization).
 Power Q&A (for natural language Q&A).
3. What are the various refresh options available?
Four main refresh options are available in Power BI:
 Package/OneDrive refresh: This synchronizes Power BI desktop or Excel file
between the Power BI service and OneDrive
 Data/Model refresh: This means scheduling the data import from all the sources
based on either refresh schedule or on-demand. 
 Tile refresh: Refresh the tiles’ cache on the dashboard every time the data changes.
 Visual container refresh: Update the reports’ visuals and visual container once the
data changes.
4. What are the different connectivity modes in Power BI?
The three major connectivity modes in Power BI are:
Direct Query: The method allows direct connection to the Power BI model. The data doesn’t
get stored in Power BI. Interestingly, Power BI will only store the metadata of the data tables
involved and not the actual data. The supported sources of data query are:
 Amazon Redshift
 Azure HDInsight Spark (Beta)
 Azure SQL Database
 Azure SQL Data Warehouse
 IBM Netezza (Beta)
 Impala (version 2.x)
 Oracle Database (version 12 and above)
 SAP Business Warehouse (Beta)
 SAP HANA
 Snowflake
 Spark (Beta) (version 0.9 and above)
 SQL Server
 Teradata Database
Live Connection: Live connection is analogous to the direct query method as it doesn’t store
any data in Power BI either. But opposed to the direct query method, it is a direct connection
to the analysis services model. Also, the supported data sources with live connection method
are limited:
 SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) Tabular
 SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) Multi-Dimensional
 Power BI Service
Import Data (Scheduled Refresh): By choosing this method, you upload the data into
Power BI. Uploading data on Power BI means consuming the memory space of your Power BI
desktop. If it is on the website, it consumes the space of the Power BI cloud machine. Even
though it is the fastest method, the maximum size of the file to be uploaded cannot exceed 1
GB until and unless you have Power BI premium (then you have 50 GB at the expense). 
But which model to choose when depends on your use and purpose.
5. What is a Power BI desktop?
To access the Power BI features, visualize data, or model them to create reports, you can
simply download a desktop version of Power BI. With the desktop version, you can extract
data from various data sources, transform them, create visuals or reports, and share them
using Power BI services.
6. Where is the data stored in Power BI?
Primarily, Power BI has two sources to store data:
Azure Blob Storage: When users upload the data, it gets stored here.
Azure SQL Database: All the metadata and system artifacts are stored here.
They are stored as either fact tables or dimensional tables.
7. What are the available views?
In power BI, you have various kinds of views viz:
 Data View: Curating, exploring, and viewing data tables in the data set. Unlike, Power
Query editor, with data view, you are looking at the data after it has been fed to the model.
 Model View: This view shows you all the tables along with their complex relationships.
With this, you can break these complex models into simplified diagrams or set properties for
them at once.
 Report View: The report view displays the tables in an interactive format to simplify
data analysis. You can create n number of reports, provide visualizations, merge them, or
apply any such functionality.
8. What are the available formats?
Power BI is available in various formats:
 Power BI desktop: For the desktop version
 Power BI mobile app: For using the visualizations on mobile OS and share it
 Power BI services: For online SaaS
9. Power BI can connect to which data sources?
The data source is the point from which the data has been retrieved. It can be anything like
files in various formats (.xlsx, .csv, .pbix, .xml, .txt etc), databases (SQL database, SQL Data
Warehouse, Spark on Azure HDInsight), or form content packets like Google Analytics or
Twilio.
Power BI Intermediate Questions
10. What is a dashboard?
The dashboard is like a single-page canvas on which you have various elements to create and
visualize reports created by analyzing data. It comprises only the most important data from
the reports to create a story.
The visual elements present on the dashboard are called Tiles. You can pin these tiles from
the reports to the dashboard. Clicking any element on the dashboard takes you to the report
of a particular data set.
 Power BI Dashboard
11. What are the building blocks of Power BI?
The major building blocks of Power BI are:
 Datasets: Dataset is a collection of data gathered from various sources like SQL
Server, Azure, Text, Oracle, XML, JSON, and many more. With the GetData feature in Power
BI, we can easily fetch data from any data source.
 Visualizations: Visualization is the visual aesthetic representation of data in the form
of maps, charts, or tables.
 Reports: Reports are a structured representation of datasets that consists of multiple
pages. Reports help to extract important information and insights from datasets to take
major business decisions.
 Dashboards: A dashboard is a single-page representation of reports made of various
datasets. Each element is termed a tile. 
Tiles: Tiles are single-block containing visualizations of a report. Tiles help to differentiate
each report.
12. What are content packs in Power BI?
Content packs are packages comprising different Power BI objects such as reports,
dashboards, datasets, etc. The two types of content packs are:
Service provider content packs: Service providers such as Google Analytics, Salesforce, etc.
provide pre-built content packages
User-created content packs: Users can create their content packages and share them within
the organization.
13. What are the various Power BI versions?
The three major versions of Power BI are as follows:
 Power BI Desktop: The free interactive tool that connects multiple data sources,
transforms data, and creates visualized reports.
 Power BI Premium: The premium version is used for larger organizations with a
dedicated storage capacity for each user. With premium, data sets up to 50GB storage
capacity can be hosted along with 100TB storage on the cloud as a whole. It costs $4995 per
month.
 Power BI Pro:  With the pro version, you get full access to the Power BI dashboard,
creation of reports, along with unlimited sharing and viewing of reports. You also have a
storage limit of 10GB per user.
14. What is DAX?
Data Analysis Expression (DAX) is a library of formulas used for calculations and data
analysis. This library comprises functions, constants, and operators to perform calculations
and give results. DAX lets you use the data sets to their full potential and provide insightful
reports.
DAX is a functional language containing conditional statements, nested functions, value
references, and much more. The formulas are either numeric (integers, decimals, etc.) or
non-numeric (string, binary). A DAX formula always starts with an equal sign.
 A: Name of the project
B: Start of the DAX formula
C: DAX function (to add)
D: Parentheses defining arguments
E:  Name of the table
F: Name of the field
G: Operator
15. What are the purpose and benefits of using the DAX function?
DAX is much more than Power BI. If you learn DAX as a functional language, you become
better as a data professional. DAX is based on different nested filters which magnificently
improves the performance of data merging, modeling, and filtering tables.
16. What is Power Pivot?
Power Pivot enables you to import millions of rows from heterogeneous sources of data into a
single excel sheet. It lets us create relationships between the various tables, create columns,
calculate using formulas, and create PivotCharts and PivotTables.
At a time there can be only one active relationship between the tables which is represented
by a continuous line.
17. What is Power Query?
Power query is a function that filters transforms, and combines the data extracted from
various sources. It helps to import data from databases, files, etc and append data
18. Difference between Power BI and Tableau?
The major differences between Power BI and Tableau are:
 While Power BI uses DAX for calculating columns of a table, Tableau uses MDX
(Multidimensional Expressions).
 Tableau is more efficient as it can handle a large chunk of data while Power BI can
handle only a limited amount. 
 Tableau is more challenging to use than Power BI.
19. What is GetData in Power BI?
GetData offers data connectivity to various data sources. Connect data files on your local
system. The supported data sources are:
 File: Excel, Text/CSV, XML, PDF, JSON, Folder, SharePoint.
 Database: SQL Server database, Access database, Oracle database, SAP HANA
database, IBM, MySQL, Teradata, Impala, Amazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, etc.
 Power BI: Power BI datasets, Power BI dataflows.
 Azure: Azure SQL, Azure SQL Data Warehouse, Azure Analysis Services, Azure Data
Lake, Azure Cosmos DB, etc.
 Online Services: Salesforce, Azure DevOps, Google Analytics, Adobe Analytics,
Dynamics 365, Facebook, GitHub, etc.
 Others: Python script, R script, Web, Spark, Hadoop File (HDFS), ODBC, OLE DB,
Active Directory, etc.
20. What are filters in Power BI?
Filters sort data based on the condition applied to it. Filters enable us to select particular
fields and extract information in a page/visualization/report level. For example, filters can
provide sales reports from the year 2019 for the Indian region.  Power BI can make changes
based on the filters and create graphs or visuals accordingly. Types of filters are:
 Page-level filters: These are applied on a particular page from various pages
available within a report.
 Visualization-level filters: These are applied to both data and calculation conditions
for particular visualizations.
 Report-level filters: These are applied to the entire report.
Power BI Interview Questions For Experienced
21. What are the types of visualizations in Power BI?
Visualization is a graphical representation of data. We can use visualizations to create reports
and dashboards. The kinds of visualizations available in Power BI are Bar charts, Column
charts, Line chart, Area chart, Stacked area chart, Ribbon chart, Waterfall chart, Scatter
chart, Pie chart, Donut chart, Treemap chart, Map, Funnel chart, Gauge chart, Cards, KPI,
Slicer, Table, Matrix, R script visual, Python visual, etc.
 22. What do we understand by Power BI services?
Power BI provides services for its cloud-based business analytics. With these services, you
can view and share reports via the Power BI website. Power BI is a web-based service for
sharing reports. Power BI service can be best referred to as PowerBI.com, PowerBI
workspace, PowerBI site, or PowerBI portal.
23. What is the comprehensive working system of Power BI?
Power BI’s working system mainly comprises three steps:
 Data Integration: The first step is to extract and integrate the data from
heterogeneous data sources. After integration, the data is converted into a standard format
and stored in a common area called the staging area.
 Data Processing: Once the data is assembled and integrated, it requires some
cleaning up. Raw data is not so useful therefore, a few transformation and cleaning
operations are performed on the data to remove redundant values, etc. After the data is
transformed, it is stored in data warehouses.
 Data Presentation: Now that the data is transformed and cleaned, it is visually
presented on the Power BI desktop as reports, dashboards, or scorecards. These reports can
be shared via mobile apps or web to various business users.
24. What are custom visuals in Power BI?
Using Power BI visualizations, you can apply customized visualizations like charts, KPIs, etc.
from the rich library of PowerBI’s custom visuals. It refrains the developers from creating it
from scratch using JQuery or Javascript SDK. Once the custom visual is ready, it is tested
thoroughly. Post testing, they are packaged in .pbiviz file format and shared within the
organization.
Types of visuals available in Power BI are:
 Custom visual files.
 Organizational files.
 Marketplace files.
25. What are the various type of users who can use Power BI?
Anyone and everyone can use PowerBI to their advantage. But even then a specific set of
users are more likely to use it viz:
 Business Users: Business users are the ones who constantly keep an eye on the
reports to make important business decisions based on the insights. 
 Business Analysts: Analysts are the ones who create dashboards, reports, and visual
representations of data to study the dataset properly. Studying data needs an analytical eye
to capture important trends within the reports. 
 Developers: Developers are involved while creating custom visuals to create Power
BI, integrating Power BI with other applications, etc. 
Professionals: They use Power BI to check the data scalability, security, and availability of
data.

1. What are the critical characteristics of Power BI?

At the very outset Power, BI is a set of tools that can help enterprises to collect data and
promptly convert the data collected into visual reports and share them as well with the
desired recipients. Users can also choose to view, search, and analyze data on any given area
in one go.
 The security and regulation features of Power BI are so advanced that enterprises can choose
to scale up their data reports using Power BI. The shareability feature of Power BI reports
enables enterprises to share and view the reports on multiple platforms at the same time.
Power BI also includes a natural language processor which allows the users to get assistance. 
2. What are the different versions of Power BI available?
The complete package of Power BI comprises a variety of tools, which in turn facilitates
flexibility of use. In that regard, enterprises may choose to use only the version of Power BI
that seems the most relevant to their use. Three of the most popularly available versions
are :
 Power BI for Desktop – As can be understood from the name, this version is best
suited for those using Windows 10 and higher configurations of desktop operating systems.
 Power BI Service -This version is helpful to launch and share the data reports through
the cloud.
 Power BI for mobile – As explained from the name, this version is best for use on
mobile phones. 
3. Explain the five major components of Power BI
Power BI includes five major components.
 Power Pivot-Collects data and transmutes the relevant information to the query.
 Power Query- This is where the data loaded is analyzed and operated on.
 Power Q&A-Reports are made interactive using this feature. Users can engage with the
findings of the reports using simple English words. 
 Power View-This component further enhances the dynamic attribute of Power BI. Users
can further visualize their reports using interactive maps, graphs, and charts. 
 Power Map-This component processes the geographic locations in the datasets.
4. What are the different data filters available in Power BI?
The data loaded on Power BI may be filtered through the three prominent filters. 
 Drillthrough Filters – Through this filter, users are able to create a specific page in their
reports, which emphasize on a particular entity.
 Page-level Filters – Page-level Filters enable users to filter out specific information in
particular pages. 
 Report level filters – This filter assists in filtering out particular data in the entire
report. 
5. How does Power BI store data?
Once data is loaded in Power BI, it is stored in two forms of tables.
 Fact Tables – This is the storehouse of quantitative data. On most occasions, these
aren’t normalized. 
 Dimension Tables – These stores more qualitative information. They contain the
attributes and dimensions of the data in the fact tables. 
6. What are the important tools of Power BI?
 The Query Editor – All the gathering and transformation of data in Power BI is done
through the Query Editor. It is also referred to as the Power Query. Query Editor extracts
data from different locations and also converts it into forms that are more suited to analysis.
Query Editor is adept at collecting data from a variety of sources ranging from text and Excel
charts to social media platforms like Facebook.
 Once the data is extracted, the query editor converts the data into a more conducive
form through a specific process. First, the information is split into multiple columns, then
pivoting and unpivoting is followed, thereafter, the data types are modified. Finally, the data
from the different extractions are merged into a single table. 
 The xVelocity In-memory Analytical Engine – The The technology responsible for the
actual storage and retrieval of data within Power BI is called xVelocity In-memory Analytical
Engine. It is often referred to by its shorter name, vertiPaq engine. It stores the aggregated
data in the memory, which is then made available for querying.
 By using an advanced data compression algorithm, the vertiPaq engine is able to hold
a large amount of data in the memory. To enhance the speed of processing and compressing
data, it operates as a columnar store wherein the data is organized along columns of tables
rather than rows, as in the case of traditional data tables. 
 The Tabular Model – Power BI uses the tabular data model to define the relationships
and hierarchies between the data tables. For making business calculations, the tabular model
uses measures. Measures perform a wide range of calculations from the simple sum of a set
of data to a more complex deduction of a percentage of growth etc. Data Analysis
Expressions, or DAX, are used to define measures. 
 Power View – Power View is the tool that is responsible for data visualization in Power
BI. The interactive and dynamic features of a Power BI report and dashboards are majorly
attributed to Power View. 
7. What do you mean by DAX? How does using variables benefit DAX?
Data Analysis Expressions or DAX essentially define measures that are used to make
calculations in Power BI. It is helpful for querying and returning data by table expression. As
a formula language, DAX performs data calculations and analysis. Alongside measures, DAX
also computes data and fields. 
Using variables can make DAX work smoothly. Not only can variables be reused in the Query
Editor, but it also helps in avoiding any additional queries in the source databases. It is with
the help of variables that we can understand the DAX expressions. 
Learn More: Business Analytics: Tools, Applications & Benefits
8. What do you mean by Power BI service?
Power BI service is what makes Power BI accessible to the users. It is a cloud-based portal
through which the Power BI content can be shared. Most of the Power BI service features are
free for use at PowerBI.com. However, more exclusive and accentuated features for
organization-level sharing of content can be availed through Power BI Premium Licensing or
Power BI Pro. 
9. What is the Power BI Report Server?
Often the content generated by enterprises on Power BI includes classified and confidential
data. As a result, enterprises are wary of releasing such content in the cloud, even for the
purpose of sharing. To resolve this issue Power BI report server lets you share the content
through the authentication method using SQL instead of a cloud platform.
Power BI report server is a SQL server reporting service that can manage Power BI reports
and authenticate the content to be shared. Power BI report server is only available with
Power BI Pro or Power BI Premium Licensing. 
10. Can Power BI be used on mobiles?
While both the Power BI service and Power BI report server can be accessed through any
browser both on desktop or on mobiles, there are mobile-optimized Power BI apps available
as well.
There are Power BI apps compatible with Windows, Android, and iOS devices, which enable
users to connect to Power BI service as well as Power BI report server on their smartphones
and even tablets and iPads. 
11. What are the content packs in Power BI?
 Simply put, content packs include the collection of reports, datasets, and dashboards that are
generated using a Power BI service, and that can be shared with other Power BI users.
Content Packs give specific people, and organizations access to the Power BI reports and
datasets.
The packs can be customized with labels that can help users identify the content precisely.
People with access to the content pack can use the content from the packs to create new
dashboards. 
12. Are there any security features available on Power BI?
Power BI uses Row-level Security for its reports and dashboards. Along with the filters, the
row-level security restricts access to Power BI reports and other content. In this feature,
users can regulate the rules of access and publish the same using Power BI Service.

Row-level security also includes specific functions to monitor the access of current users to
appropriate content. However, Row-level security is only available on premium Power BI
subscriptions. 
13. Describe the Gather function of the Power BI process
The Gather function in Power BI collects and transforms data. As with the case of Query
Editor, the data is gathered using the Gather function from multiple sources and stored in a
single location. This facilitates smooth and prompt data analysis.
Following the collection, the data is transformed, which necessarily entails the removal of
errors and any inconsistency. The end product of this process is clean data, which is aligned
with the rest of the data stores in Power BI. 
14. What role does the Store Function perform in Power BI?
Once the data is gathered, it is stored in a single location. This store is interchangeably
referred to as “data warehouse or data mart.” There is, however, a slight difference between
the scope of the two. While a data warehouse accumulates data from any part of the
organization, data mart only incorporates data from a particular area or department of the
organization.
The Store function saves the data in formats that allow for fast retrieval and analysis. It also
aggregates numerous individual data transactions for determining particular outputs. The
Store functions help in optimizing the data for online analytical processing (OLAP).
15. Describe the Model Function in Power BI
The Model function increments the role of the Store function. It mainly serves two purposes.
It presents the queried data to the users in a visual and comprehensible form without any
tables or field names.
Secondly, it securely stores internal formulas to perform business calculations in a single
location. This eliminates the need to re-create the calculations every time a need arises. They
can simply be pulled out using the model function. 
16. What is the use of Visualise function in Power BI?
The Visualize function is responsible for data analysis and data visualization. It helps in
creating charts, tables as well as gauges on reports and dashboards. While some
visualizations serve specific purposes, others are created for broad-based sharing across
Power BI networks. 

17. Describe the role of the Share function in Power BI

The share function develops a convenient mechanism for sharing and delivery of the content
produced in Power BI among the organization or chosen users. It creates a common location
where users can access the content. Needless to say, this location is fortified with proper
security measures to enable only authorized access. 

1. What are the essential applications of the Power BI? ↑

Power BI is mainly used by:
 PMO - Project Management Office
 Business & Data Analyst
 Developer & Database Administrator
 IT Team, IT Professional
 Consumer for End User Report
 Data Scientist
2. What are the different types of filters in Power BI Reports? ↑
Power BI provides variety of option to filter report, data and visualization. The following are
the list of Filter types.
 Visual-level Filters: These filters work on only an individual visualization, reducing
the amount of data that the visualization can see. Moreover, visual-level filters can filter both
data and calculations.
 Page-level Filters: These filters work at the report-page level. Different pages in the
same report can have different page-level filters.
 Report-level Filters: There filters work on the entire report, filtering all pages and
visualizations included in the report.
We know that Power BI visual have interactions feature, which makes filtering a report a
breeze. Visual interactions are useful, but they come with some limitations:
 The filter is not saved as part of the report. Whenever you open a report, you can
begin to play with visual filters but there is no way to store the filter in the saved report.
 The filter is always visible. Sometimes you want a filter for the entire report, but you
do not want any visual indication of the filter being applied.
3. Name out three important Power BI tools? ↑
Three important power BI tool are:
 Power BI Desktop—It is used for desktop computers
 Power BI service—It is an online software as a service tool
 Mobile Power BI apps—They are used for iOS and Android devices.
4. What is the general business need for Power BI? ↑
You can take the data and create robust reporting very easily. This assists in attracting new
clients toward servicing and monitoring the customers already present. It also becomes
possible to track information and set goals. Therefore, completely building an extraction,
transformation and loading solution ultimately assists the management so they are able to
make better decisions in the process. The return on investment when it comes to Power BI is
also very high. Lastly, it makes some of the unwanted data into information, which can be
utilized progressively.
5. What are the important components of the Power BI toolkit, and what do they do? ↑
 Power Query: It allows you to discover, access, and consolidate information from
different sources.
 Power Pivot: A modeling tool.
 Power View: It is a presentation tool for creating charts, tables, and more
 Power Map: Helps you to create geospatial representations of your data.
 Power Q&A: Allows you to use natural language to get answers to questions.
6. What is Power BI Desktop? ↑
Power BI Desktop is a free desktop application that can be installed right on your own
computer. Power BI Desktop works cohesively with the Power BI service by providing
advanced data exploration, shaping, modeling, and creating report with highly interactive
visualizations. You can save your work to a file or publish your data and reports right to your
Power BI site to share with others.
7. What are the drawbacks of using Power BI? ↑
Here, are the main drawbacks of Power BI:
 Dashboards and reports only shared with users having identical email domains.
 Power Bl does not mix imported data, which is accessed from real-time connections.
 Power BI can't accept file size larger than 1 GB.
 Dashboard does not accept or pass user, account, or other entity parameters.
8. What is content packs? ↑
These are pre-built solutions build for popular services as a major part of the Power BI
experience.
9. Why use selection pane in Power BI? ↑
Selection Pane helps you to take control over visuals which require to be displayed and which
should not be displayed. It allows you to combine multiple visual pages in the group and is
also used in bookmarking.
10. What is Power BI? ↑
 Power BI is a cloud-based data sharing environment. Once you have developed reports using
Power Query, Power Pivot and Power View, you can share your insights with your colleagues.
This is where Power BI enters the equation. Power BI, which technically is an aspect of
SharePoint online, lets you load Excel workbooks into the cloud and share them with a chosen
group of co-workers. Not only that, but your colleagues can interact with your reports to
apply filters and slicers to highlight data. They are completed by Power BI, a simple way of
sharing your analysis and insights from the Microsoft cloud.
Power BI features allow you to:
 Share presentations and queries with your colleagues.
 Update your Excel file from data sources that can be on site or in the cloud.
 Display the output on multiple devices. This includes PCs, tablets, and HTML 5-enabled
mobile devices that use the Power BI app.
 Query your data using natural language processing (or Q&A, as it is known).
11. What are the different views in Power BI Desktop? ↑
There are three different views in Power BI, each of which serves a different purpose.
Report View: Users can add visualizations and additional report pages and publish the same
on the portal from here. Data View: Data shaping can be performed through Query Editor
tools. Relationship View: Users can manage relationships between datasets in this view.
12. Why use Power BI? ↑
Here are four primary reasons for using Power BI tool:
 Pre-built dashboards and reports for SaaS Solutions.
 Power BI allows real-time dashboard updates.
 Offers Secure and reliable connection to your data sources in the cloud or on-premises
 Power BI offers fast deployment, hybrid configuration, and secure environment.
 Helps you in data exploration using natural language query
13. What is self-service business intelligence? ↑
 SSBI is an approach to data analytics that enables business users to filter, segment,
and, analyze their data, without the in-depth technical knowledge in statistical analysis,
business intelligence (BI).
 SSBI has made it easier for end users to access their data and create various visuals to
get better business insights.
 Anybody who has a basic understanding of the data can create reports to build intuitive
and shareable dashboards.
14. What data sources can Power BI connect to? ↑
The list of data sources for Power BI is extensive, but it can be grouped into the following:
 Files: Data can be imported from Excel (.xlsx, xlxm), Power BI Desktop files (.pbix)
and Comma Separated Value (.csv).
 Content Packs: It is a collection of related documents or files that are stored as a
group. In Power BI, there are two types of content packs, firstly those from services providers
like Google Analytics, Marketo or Salesforce and secondly those created and shared by other
users in your organization.
 Connectors to databases and other datasets such as Azure SQL, Databaseand SQL,
Server Analysis Services tabular data, etc.
15. Where is data stored in Power BI? ↑
When data is ingested into Power BI, it is basically stored in Fact and Dimension tables.
Fact tables: The central table in a star schema of a data warehouse, a fact table stores
quantitative information for analysis and is not normalized in most cases. Dimension tables:
It is just another table in the star schema that is used to store attributes and dimensions that
describe objects stored in a fact table.
16. What is Power BI embedded? ↑
PowerBI embedded is an Azure-based cloud Service which enabled Web developers to create
and integrate PowerBI reports. Users/Developers can create their reports using PowerBI
desktop, without the need to write any code. Then, the PowerBI desktop report can be
published to a PowerBI embedded workspace and consumed by end users
17. What are the important features of Power BI dashboard? ↑
 It allows you to drill through the page, bookmarks, and selection pane. It allows you to create
various tiles like web content, images, textbox, and integrate URLs. Allows you to set report
layout to mobile view.
18. What is Bookmark? ↑
Bookmark in Power BI helps you to capture the configured view of a report page in a specific
time. This includes filter and state of visual which can use a short cut to come back to the
report that you can add as a bookmark.
19. What is BI? ↑
Business intelligence is a technology-driven method. It helps you to analyze data and to
provide actionable information which helps corporate executives, business managers, and
other users to take decisive business decisions.
20. What are the parts of Microsoft self-service business intelligence solution? ↑
Microsoft has two parts for Self-Service BI:
 Excel BI Toolkit: It allows users to create an interactive report by importing data
from different sources and model data according to report requirement.
 Power BI: It is the online solution that enables you to share the interactive reports
and queries that you have created using the Excel BI Toolkit.
21. What is the purpose of the ‘Get Data’ icon in Power BI? ↑
When users click on the Get Data icon in Power BI, a drop-down menu appears and it shows
all data sources from which data can be ingested. Data can actually be directly ingested from
any source including files in Excel, CSV, XML, JSON, PDF, and SharePoint formats and
databases such as SQL, Access, SQL Server Analysis Services, Oracle, IBM, MySQL, and much
more. Also, Power BI datasets and Power BI data flows are compatible. Data can also be
taken in from Azure and other online sources.
22. What data sources can Power BI connect to? ↑
The following data sources that support DirectQuery in Power BI are as follows:
 Amazon Redshift
 Azure Data Explorer
 AtScale (Beta)
 Azure SQL Database
 Azure HDInsight Spark
 Google BigQuery
 Azure SQL Data Warehouse
 HDInsight Interactive Query
23. What are Building Blocks in Power BI? ↑
The following are the Building Blocks (or) key components of Power BI:
 Visualizations: Visualization is a visual representation of data.Example: Pie Chart,
Line Graph, Side by Side Bar Charts, Graphical Presentation of the source data on top of
Geographical Map, Tree Map, etc.
 Datasets: Dataset is a collection of data that Power BI uses to create its
visualizations.Example: Excel sheets, Oracle or SQL server tables.
 Reports: Report is a collection of visualizations that appear together on one or more
pages.Example: Sales by Country, State, City Report, Logistic Performance report, Profit by
Products report etc.
 Dashboards: Dashboard is single layer presentation of multiple visualizations, i.e we
can integrate one or more visualizations into one page layer.Example: Sales dashboard can
have pie charts, geographical maps and bar charts.
 Tiles: Tile is a single visualization in a report or on a dashboard.Example: Pie Chart in
Dashboard or Report.
DAX
1. What does DATEDIFF function do? ↑
This function gives a difference between 2 dates based on the specified Date part.
2. What are the data types of Dax? ↑
Data types of Dax are:
 Numeric
 Boolean
 DateTime
 String
 Decimal
3. What is the DATEPART function? ↑
It returns date function as an integer. However, DATENAME function does the same thing,
except it returns the name of the part of the date.
4. State the difference between Count and CounD function. ↑
Count function returns to count, excluding NULL values whereas Countd returns distinct
values which exclude NULL values.
5. What is the use of statewith function? ↑
This function returns the logical answers TRUE if the sub-string is the starting string for the
superstring. If it is not, it will return false.
6. What is the use of INDEX Function in Power BI? ↑
INDEX function helps you to retrieve the index of the respective row.
7. What is DAX function? ↑
It is a formula expression language called (DAX) that can be used with various visualization
tools like Power BI. It is also known as a functional language, where the full code is kept
inside a function.
8. Explain DATEDD function in Power BI. ↑
DATEDD function helps you to convert any input to a date format. This input can number,
string, or a data type input.
9. What is the main difference between LTRIM and RTRIM? ↑
LTRIM function helps you to remove the white space from the LEFT of the string. RTRIM helps
you to remove it from the right the last index.
10. What is the common table function for grouping data? ↑
SUMMARIZE()
 Main groupby function in SSAS.
 Recommended practice is to specify table and group by columns but not metrics.You
can use ADDCOLUMNS function.
SUMMARIZECOLUMNS
 New group by function for SSAS and Power BI Desktop; more efficient.
 Specify group by columns, table, and expressions.
11. Write a DAX for dynamic security? ↑
We can implement through the following DAX
USERNAME(), USERPRICIPALNAME()
12. What is the calulated column? ↑
It is a calculating expression of DAX which allows calculation on data stored in a new column.
13. What is DAX? ↑
To do basic calculation and data analysis on data in power pivot, we use Data Analysis
Expression (DAX). It is formula language used to compute calculated column and calculated
field.
 DAX works on column values.
 DAX can not modify or insert data.
 We can create calculated column and measures with DAX but we can not calculate rows
using DAX.
Sample DAX formula syntax:
For the measure named Total Sales, calculate (=) the SUM of values in the [SalesAmount]
column in the Sales table.
14. State the major differences between MAX and MAXA functions ↑
If you want to calculate numeric values, then use MAX. However, if it is for non numeric
values, then you should use MAXA.
15. What is special or unique about the CALCULATE and CALCULATETABLE functions? ↑
These are the only functions that allow you modify filter context of measures or tables.
 Add to existing filter context of queries.
 Override filter context from queries.
 Remove existing filter context from queries.
Limitations:
 Filter parameters can only operate on a single column at a time.
 Filter parameters cannot reference a metric.
16. Difference between Sum & Sumx? ↑
Both SUM and SUMX are Aggreagate Functions where:
SUM works on a Single Column vs SUMX can take the Table as Input SUMX has row-context
where as SUM doesn’t have SUMX is an iterative Function where as SUM is not.
17. What is CORR function? When we use it? ↑
CORR is a correlation function. It gives a correlation between two variables. It mostly ranges
from -1 to 1.
18. What are the different Excel BI add-in? ↑
Below are the most important BI add-in to Excel:
 Power Query: It helps in finding, editing and loading external data.
 Power Pivot: Its mainly used **for data modeling and analysis.
 Power View: It is used to design visual and interactively reports.
 Power Map: It helps to display insights on 3D Map.
19. How is the FILTER function used? ↑
The FILTER function returns a table with a filter condition applied for each of its source table
rows. The FILTER function is rarely used in isolation, it’s generally used as a parameter to
other functions such as CALCULATE.
 FILTER is an iterator and thus can negatively impact performance over large source
tables.
 Complex filtering logic can be applied such as referencing a measure in a filter
expression. FILTER(MyTable,[SalesMetric] > 500)
20. What does STARTSWITH function do? ↑
STARTSWITH function returns the logical answers in a way, TRUE if the sub-string is the
starting string for super-string. FALSE if not so.
21. How can you apply percentile function in Power BI? ↑
PERCENTILE function allows you to returns the data value of the specific percentile number.
22. How can you differ COVAR and COVARP? ↑
The main difference between the two is that: COVAR directly gives the same co-variance,
whereas COVARP is the population covariance.
23. How to achieve Dynamic Top N Customers? ↑
Dynamic Top N will be achieved with RANKX Function and What-if Parameter.
24. State the main difference between District() and Values() in DAX? ↑
The only difference between two functions is that with District help you to calculate the null
values.
25. In DAX we can do year to date and parallel period and such, which is great for financial
reporting. What are some prerequisites for doing time intelligence? ↑
The main prerequisite is you need a date table, more specifically, a continuous date table
with a whole range of dates (no breaks in the dates). That way you can calculate over that
continuous line. You can build that date table using the M language in the Power Query
Editor, use DAX or if you already have one in your model or data source you can bring it into
Power BI.
The second element you need is to define the relationship with the date table and the other
appropriate tables.
Remember all dates should be present without exception and you need a proper relationship
for time intelligence to function the way you intend it to.
26. What is the difference between VAR and VARP? ↑
VAR is the variance formula for population(n). VARP is the function of variance for sample(n-
1).
27. What is the SIGN function? ↑
Sign function returns the direction of the values. If it returns 1, if positive then 1, if 0 then 0.
28. What is IFNULL function? ↑
If the value is not NULL iFNULL function result is the first expression, if it is not, then it will
return the second expression.
29. What are the most common DAX Functions used? ↑
Below are some of the most commonly used DAX function:
 SUM, MIN, MAX, AVG, COUNTROWS, DISTINCTCOUNT
 IF, AND, OR, SWITCH
 ISBLANK, ISFILTERED, ISCROSSFILTERED
 VALUES, ALL, FILTER, CALCULATE,
 UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT, NATURALINNERJOIN,
NATURALLEFTEROUTERJOIN,SUMMARIZECOLUMNS, ISEMPTY,
 VAR (Variables)
 GEOMEAN, MEDIAN, DATEDIFF
30. What is RUNNING_AVG function do? ↑
RUNNING_AVG function gives the average value to all the cells/pane/region processed for. It
works to give the average by making all those inclusive values accordingly.
31. What does DATENAME function do? ↑
DATENAME function shows the name of the specific part of the date that is given.
32. What is the difference between Calculated Columns, Calculated Tables, and Measures? ↑
Calculated Columns
 Added to tables by applying DAX formula on the existing data.
 DAX formula defines values in new columns rather than querying data sources.
 Useful when data sources do not contain data presented in the desired format.
Calculated Tables
 Created using DAX formula to define values.
 Created in both Report and Data views.
 Work well for intermediate calculations and the data that users want to be stored in the
model.
Measures
 Use other DAX functions to create complex calculations.
 Used for highlighting running totals, comparing sales, sales forecasting, and other
purposes.
 Created in both Report and Data views.
33. Suppose there are two tables and I have to put them one below the other. Can we do in
Power bi? If yes, then what is the query used? ↑
We need to use Append Queries option in Power Query Editor. If you want to append the 2
tables in Power BI Desktop we need to use DAX Function UNION by creating a new table by
clicking New Table.
34. What is the use of ENDSWITH function? ↑
ENDSWITH function helps you to return the logical result to the given string. In case If the
sub-string is available at the end of the sub string, then it returns TRUE.
35. How would you create trailing X month metrics via DAX against a non-standard
calendar? ↑
The solution will involve:
1. CALCULATE function to control (take over) filter context of measures.
2. ALL to remove existing filters on the date dimension.
3. FILTER to identify which rows of the date dimension to use.
Alternatively, CONTAINS may be used:
 CALCULATE(FILTER(ALL(‘DATE’),…….))
36. Describe the Gather function of the Power BI process? ↑
The Gather function in Power BI collects and transforms data. As with the case of Query
Editor, the data is gathered using the Gather function from multiple sources and stored in a
single location. This facilitates smooth and prompt data analysis.
Following the collection, the data is transformed, which necessarily entails the removal of
errors and any inconsistency. The end product of this process is clean data, which is aligned
with the rest of the data stores in Power BI.
37. What is the use of MID function? ↑
MID function returns the string character from the specified index position.
38. What are some benefits of using Variables in DAX ? ↑
Below are some of the benefits:
 By declaring and evaluating a variable, the variable can be reused multiple times in a
DAX expression, thus avoiding additional queries of the source database.
 Variables can make DAX expressions more intuitive/logical to interpret.
 Variables are only scoped to their measure or query, they cannot be shared among
measures, queries or be defined at the model level.
39. In DAX we can do year to date and parallel period and such, which is great for financial
reporting. What are some prerequisites for doing time intelligence? ↑
The main prerequisite is you need a date table, more specifically, a continuous date table
with a whole range of dates (no breaks in the dates). That way you can calculate over that
continuous line. You can build that date table using the M language in the Power Query
Editor, use DAX or if you already have one in your model or data source you can bring it into
Power BI.
The second element you need is to define the relationship with the date table and the other
appropriate tables.
Remember all dates should be present without exception and you need a proper relationship
for time intelligence to function the way you intend it to.
40. How to Calculate MTD, WTD, and YTD in Power BI? ↑
We can use DAX Formulas to find MTD, YTD and WTD as given below:
YTDSales =
CALCULATE(Sum(Sales[SalesProduct]),YEAR(Sales[CreatedDate])=YEAR(TODAY())) ,
MTDSales =
CALCULATE(sum(Sales[SalesProduct]),MONTH(Sales[CreatedDate])=MONTH(TODAY())),
WTDSales =
CALCULATE(sum(Sales[SalesProduct]),WEEKNUM(Sales[CreatedDate])=WEEKNUM(TODAY())
)
41. Explain the collect function ↑
Collect function excludes null value. It does aggregate spatial values. You can't transform
data to another format.
42. List out benefits of using Variables in DAX. ↑
Here, are benefits of using DAX function:
 By declaring and evaluating a variable, the variable can be reused multiple times in a
DAX expression, which helps you to avoid additional queries of the source database.
 Variables can make DAX expressions more useful and logical.
 Variables is only scoped, which should be measure or query which can't be among
measures.
43. What is the difference between Values() and Distinct() in DAX? ↑
Both are used to do the same function of calculating values; the only difference is DISTINCT
() can calculate null values as well.
Power Pivot
1. What are the filter writes in Power BI? ↑
Filters are applicable in:
 Visualization level
 Page Level
 Report Level
2. What is Power Pivot Data Model? ↑
It is a model that is made up of data types, tables, columns, and table relations. These data
tables are typically constructed for holding data for a business entity.
3. What is Power Pivot? ↑
Power Pivot is an add-in for Microsoft Excel 2010 that enables you to import millions of rows
of data from multiple data sources into a single Excel workbook. It lets you create
relationships between heterogeneous data, create calculated columns and measures using
formulas, build PivotTables and PivotCharts. You can then further analyze the data so that
you can make timely business decisions without requiring IT assistance.
4. Can we have more than one active relationship between two tables in data model of
power pivot? ↑
No, we cannot have more than one active relationship between two tables. However, can
have more than one relationship between two tables but there will be only one active
relationship and many inactive relationship. The dotted lines are inactive and continuous line
are active.
5. What is xVelocity in-memory analytics engine used in Power Pivot? ↑
 The main engine behind power pivot is the xVelocity in-memory analytics engine. It can
handle large amount of data because it stores data in columnar databases, and in memory
analytics which results in faster processing of data as it loads all data to RAM memory.
6. What are some of differences in data modeling between Power BI Desktop and Power
Pivot for Excel? ↑
Here are some of the differences:
 Power BI Desktop supports bi-directional cross filtering relationships, security,
calculated tables, and Direct Query options.
 Power Pivot for Excel has single direction (one to many) relationships, calculated
columns only, and supports import mode only. Security roles cannot be defined in Power
Pivot for Excel.
Power Query
1. What is query folding in Power Query? ↑
Query folding is when steps defined in Power Query/Query Editor are translated into SQL and
executed by the source database rather than the client machine. It’s important for processing
performance and scalability, given limited resources on the client machine.
2. What are query parameters and Power BI templates? ↑
Query parameters can be used to provide users of a local Power BI Desktop report with
a prompt, to specify the values they’re interested in.
 The parameter selection can then be used by the query and calculations.
 PBIX files can be exported as Templates (PBIT files).
 Templates contain everything in the PBIX except the data itself.
Parameters and templates can make it possible to share/email smaller template files and limit
the amount of data loaded into the local PBIX files, improving processing time and
experience .
3. What are some common Power Query/Editor Transforms? ↑
Changing Data Types, Filtering Rows, Choosing/Removing Columns, Grouping, Splitting a
column into multiple columns, Adding new Columns ,etc.
4. Why do we need Power Query when Power Pivot can import data from mostly used
sources? ↑
Power Query is a self-service ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) tool which runs as an Excel add-
in. It allows users to pull data from various sources, manipulate said data into a form that
suits their needs and load it into Excel. It is most optimum to use Power Query over Power
Pivot as it lets you not only load the data but also manipulate it as per the users needs while
loading.
5. What are the data destinations for Power Queries? ↑
There are two destinations for output we get from power query:
1. Load to a table in a worksheet.
2. Load to the Excel Data Model.
6. What is Power Query? ↑
Power query is a ETL Tool used to shape, clean and transform data using intuitive interfaces
without having to use coding. It helps the user to:
 Import Data from wide range of sources from files, databases, big data, social media
data, etc.
 Join and append data from multiple data sources.
 Shape data as per requirement by removing and adding data.
7. Which language is used in Power Query? ↑
A new programming language is used in power query called M-Code. It is easy to use and
similar to other languages. M-code is case sensitive language.
8. Can SQL and Power Query/Query Editor be used together? ↑
Yes, a SQL statement can be defined as the source of a Power Query/M function for additional
processing/logic. This would be a good practice to ensure that an efficient database query is
passed to the source and avoid unnecessary processing and complexity by the client machine
and M function.
Power Map
1. What are the primary requirement for a table to be used in Power Map? ↑
For a data to be consumed in power map there should be location data like:
 Latitude/Longitude pair
 Street, City, Country/Region, Zip Code/Postal Code, and State/Province, which can be
geolocated by Bing
The primary requirement for the table is that it contains unique rows. It must also contain
location data, which can be in the form of a Latitude/Longitude pair, although this is not a
requirement. You can use address fields instead, such as Street, City, Country/Region, Zip
Code/Postal Code, and State/Province, which can be geolocated by Bing.
2. What is Power Map? ↑
Power Map is an Excel add-in that provides you with a powerful set of tools to help you
visualize and gain insight into large sets of data that have a geo-coded component. It can
help you produce 3D visualizations by plotting upto a million data points in the form of
column, heat, and bubble maps on top of a Bing map. If the data is time stamped, it can also
produce interactive views that display, how the data changes over space and time.
3. What are the data hotspots when it comes to Power Map? ↑
The data can either be available in Excel or it can be available remotely. For simplicity of
setting up your data make sure the majority of your data is inside an Excel table where each
of the columns is setup to a unique record. The segment headings or the column headings
ought to have a message as opposed to genuine data with the objective that Power Map is
there to decipher it in an accurate manner especially when it plots the geographic directions.
The utilization of some of the important names makes the classification fields accessible in
the Power Map Tour Editor Sheet. In order to utilize table structures, both time and geology
within the Power Map have to incorporate the better part of the data within the table lines. In
order to do this you might have to:
• You wish to stack the data from an outside source.
• In Excel click on the menu data > the association you need within the Get external data
gathering.
• Take the means or results within the wizard that begins.
• On the last advance of the wizard, make certain Add this data to the Data Model is checked.
Additional Questions
1. Why is Top N not accessible by or for report level filter and page-level filter? ↑
Top N is not accessible for page-level filter and report level filter as they both are associated
with different visuals.
2. What are the three Edit Interactions options of a visual tile in Power BI Desktop? ↑
The 3 edit interaction options are Filter, Highlight, and None.
Filter: It completely filter a visual/tile based on the filter selection of another visual/tile.
Highlight: It highlight only the related elements on the visual/tile, gray out the non-related
items.
None: It ignore the filter selection from another tile/visual.
3. What are some of the differences in report authoring capabilities between using a live or
direct query connection such as to an Analysis Services model, relative to working with a
data model local to the Power BI Desktop file? ↑
With a data model local to the PBIX file (or Power Pivot workbook), the author has full control
over the queries, the modeling/relationships, the metadata and the metrics.
With a live connection to an Analysis Services database (cube) the user cannot create new
metrics, import new data, change the formatting of the metrics, etc – the user can only use
the visualization, analytics, and formatting available on the report canvas.
With a direct query model in Power BI to SQL Server, for example, the author has access to
the same features (and limitations) available to SSAS Direct Query mode.
 Only one data source (one database on one server) may be used, certain DAX
functions are not optimized, and the user cannot use Query Editor functions that cannot be
translated into SQL statements.
4. What are many-to-many relationships and how can they be addressed in Power BI ? ↑
Many to Many relationships involve a bridge or junction table reflecting the combinations of
two dimensions (e.g. doctors and patients). Either all possible combinations or those
combinations that have occurred.
 Bi-Directional Crossfiltering relationships can be used in PBIX.
 CROSSFILTER function can be used in Power Pivot for Excel.
 DAX can be used per metric to check and optionally modify the filter context.
5. How to apply information security in Power BI report? ↑
A DAX look can be valuable on a table sifting its lines at question time. Dynamic security
include the utilization of USERNAME works in security job definition. Typically a table is made
in the model that relates clients to explicit measurements and a job.
6. Explain about Joins? ↑
We have Six types of Joins in Power BI which we use it in Power Query Editor:
Inner Join Left Outer Join Right Outer Join Full Outer Join Left Anti Right Anti Inner Join: If we
want only the matching records from both the tables then will use Inner join/Simple join
Left Outer Join: If we want all the records from left table and only matching records from
right table then will use left Outer join/left join.
Right Outer Join: If we want to display all the records from right table and only matching
records from left table then will Right Outer join/Right Join.
Full Outer Join: If we want display all the records from both the tables then will use Full Outer
Join
Left Anti: Displays only the mismatched records from Left Table
Right Anti: Displays only the mismatched records from the Right Table.
7. How do you bring data from SQL Server to Power BI? ↑
Step 1: Click on Get Data in Power BI Desktop Step 2: Select SQL Server from the list Step
3: Fill the Details of the Server and Database Step 4: Click on Import or Direct Query based
on the Requirement.
8. What is a substance pack, and for what reason would you utilize one? ↑
A substance pack is an instant, predefined gathering of representations and reports utilizing
your picked administration (for instance, Sales power). You’d utilize one when you need to
get fully operational rapidly, rather than making a report without any preparation.
9. Why should General Formatting be applied to data in Power BI? ↑
By formatting data, users can help Power BI categorize and identify data, making it much
easier to work with.
Enter a custom formula to create a new column, including calculations using values from the
other columns To create a new column, click on Add Custom Column In the new column
name box, type the name of the column and add the formula to the custom column formula
box; for example, [ShipDate] – [OrderDate] Select a column from the available columns list
and click on Insert or double-click to add it to the custom column formula text box. Then,
click on OK The new column is appended to the table, and the formula is visible in the
Formula Bar Custom Column Formula: = Table.AddColumn(#"Sorted Rows",
"DaysOrderToShip", each [ShipDate] - [OrderDate]) The above code is the formula to create
a custom column, which calculates the days from when an order was placed to when it got
shipped.
10. What are the steps to go to Data Stories Gallery in Power Bi communities? ↑
Steps to go to Data Stories Gallery:
 First, open PowerBI.com in a favorite browser.
 By hovering on Learn
 Click on Community
 Scroll down little, and you will find Data Stories Gallery.
 Anyone can submit her or his Data Story as well.
11. If you click on a single data-point in one of the multiple visuals in a report, does it make
any difference? ↑
Yes, it makes a difference. When we click on a single data-point, the data gets selected and
copied to the dashboard. The copied data can be pasted then anywhere according to the
requirement of the users.
12. How can you compare Target and Actual Value from a Power BI report? ↑
You need to use Gauge chart to compare two different measure.
13. Is on-premise access possible in Power BI? ↑
No, it is not possible to access Power BI services on private or internal service cloud.
However, by using Power BI desktop, you can connect with the on-premises data sources.
14. What is the Power BI Publisher for Excel? ↑
You can use Power BI publisher for Excel to pin ranges, pivot tables and charts to Power BI.
 The user can manage the tiles – refresh them, remove them, in Excel.
 Pinned items must be removed from the dashboard in the service (removing in Excel
only deletes the connection).
 The Power BI Publisher for Excel can also be used to connect from Excel to datasets
that are hosted in the Power BI Service.
 An Excel pivot table is generated with a connection (ODC file) to the data in Azure.
The Publisher installs all necessary drivers on local machine to establish connectivity .
15. Which field composes can be added to the Field well of a Slicer visual? ↑
Computing segments should be made with a DAX articulation.
16. What context style is allowed by Power BI DAX? ↑
Power BI DAX content style is both Row and Filter.
17. How can u download excel files which has millions of records from a Power BI report? ↑
To download large extracts of data, we can host the excel file to a share point, which will
generate a .xlsx link, which can be embedded to “Text” or “Button”. On clicking on the Text
link or Button. The excel file gets downloaded directly which is hosted in share point or some
other base location.
18. Why might you have a table in the model without any relationships to other tables? ↑
There are mainly 2 reasons why we would have tables without relations in our model:
 A disconnected table might be used to present the user with parameter values to be
exposed and selected in slicers (e.g. growth assumption.)
o DAX metrics could retrieve this selection and use it with other
calculations/metrics.
 A disconnected table may also be used as a placeholder for metrics in the user
interface.
o It may not contain any rows of data and its columns could be hidden but all
metrics are visible.
19. What is the Embed Code? ↑
Power BI online contains an option for publishing on web that will generate a link address for
the Power BI report. You can share these links to others, which is called embed code.
20. How do u hide and unhide a specific report in Power BI? ↑
We have to go to selection Pane in the menu bar and hide/unhide the report and the action
can be passed to book mark.
21. How is data security implemented in Power BI ? ↑
Power BI can apply Row Level Security roles to models.
 A DAX expression is applied on a table filtering its rows at query time.
 Dynamic security involves the use of USERNAME functions in security role definitions.
 Typically a table is created in the model that relates users to specific dimensions and a
role.
22. Name the datasets that can be used with streaming data tiles to create dashboards. ↑
Hybrid datasets and Streaming datasets can be used with streaming data tiles to create
dashboards.
23. What is query collapsing? ↑
The process of converting the steps in power query editor to SQL and executing it by the
source database is called query collapsing.
24. How can we create a dashboard? ↑
First upload a dataset and then upload the same, create multiple reports and infuse
everything together as an appealing dashboard.
25. What kind of data can you store in Power BI? ↑
In Power BI, you can store mainly two types of data.
Fact Tables:
The central table in a star schema of a data warehouse is a fact table that stores quantitative
information for analysis, which is not normalized in most cases.
Dimension Tables:
It is a table in the star schema which helps you to store attributes and dimensions which
describe objects that are stored in a fact table.
26. What are Tiles in Power BI? ↑
 Tile is an important feature of power BI services and can be said as a picture of the data
which can be pinned to the dashboard.
27. How to handle Many to Many relationships in Power BI? ↑
You can use Crossfiltering option in Power BI to address the Many to Many relationships.
28. What are the method to hide and unhide a specific report in Power BI? ↑
To hide and unhide specific report, you have to go to selection Pane in the menu bar, and
press hides/unhide toggle button to bookmark.
29. What are the different connectivity modes in Power BI? ↑
Import Mode Direct Query Mode
30. How to represent different levels of hierarchy of data in one singe visualization? ↑
Step 1. Create a hierarchy by grouping the required data from the data tab and pull that into
Axis Tab and Enable drill down option by clicking on down arrow on the chart. Step 2. Pull all
the hierarchical columns separately in to the axis pane in the order of their hierarchy and
enable the drill down action by clicking on down arrow on the chart. Note: Both Step 1 and
Step 2 will serve the same purpose.
31. Name some commonly used tasks in the Query Editor? ↑
 Connect to data
 Shape and combine data
 Group rows
 Pivot columns
 Create custom columns
 Query formulas
32. How to perform joins in Power bi? ↑
Joins will be performed in Model Tab in Power BI Desktop.
33. Give examples of data sources which will refresh in real-time. ↑
PowerBI currently supports different types of streaming datasets. You can directly stream
data using a push URL to PowerBI.com service. PowerBI also supports streaming data sources
from PubNub, which is an Infrastructure as a Service provider. The third option is to Azure
Stream Analytics which is built on top of Azure Service Bus and Event Hub. You can select the
streaming data to go-to PowerBI as your destination. Here is a sample report with streaming
data.
34. Does the gateway have to be installed on the same machine as its data source? ↑
No, the gateway connects to its data source by using the provided connection information. In
this sense, think of the gateway as a client application. It just needs to connect to the server
that has the provided name.
35. What is the difference between Power BI and Power BI Pro? ↑
Power BI: It provides different features for the users to get started with data search in a
unique way. Power BI Pro: It holds some extra features added to the Power BI features like
higher storage capacity, data refresh scheduling and interactive live data sources.
36. Explain the term Custom Visuals. ↑
Graphs or visual which are not included in Power BI desktop are imported for better
visualization.
37. Define the term 'M language." ↑
It is a programming language used in Power Query. It's a functional, case-sensitive language
which is similar to other programming languages and easy to use.
38. What are the different types of refreshing data for our published reports? ↑
There are four main types of refresh in Power BI. Package refresh, model or data refresh, tile
refresh and visual container refresh.
 Package refresh
This synchronizes your Power BI Desktop, or Excel, file between the Power BI service and
OneDrive, or SharePoint Online. However, this does not pull data from the original data
source. The dataset in Power BI will only be updated with what is in the file within OneDrive,
or SharePoint Online.
 Model/data refresh
It referrs to refreshing the dataset, within the Power BI service, with data from the original
data source. This is done by either using scheduled refresh, or refresh now. This requires a
gateway for on-premises data sources.
 Tile refresh
Tile refresh updates the cache for tile visuals, on the dashboard, once data changes. This
happens about every fifteen minutes. You can also force a tile refresh by selecting
the ellipsis (…) in the upper right of a dashboard and selecting Refresh dashboard tiles.
 Visual container refresh
Refreshing the visual container updates the cached report visuals, within a report, once the
data changes.
To know more about data refresh and understand how to implement data refresh, you can
check the following link.
39. What is Advanced Editor in Power BI? ↑
Advanced Editor can be used to see the query that Power BI runs against data sources to
import data.
The query is written in M-code, the Power Query Formula Language To view the query code
from Power BI Desktop, choose Edit Queries from the Home tab From either the Home or the
View tab, click on Advanced Editor to work on the query. The Advanced Editor window opens,
displaying the code for the currently selected query When we make transformations to our
data in Query Editor, the steps are saved to the Applied Steps in the Query Settings These
steps are also applied to the code in the Advanced Editor
40. How can you perform Dynamic filtering in Power BI? ↑
Dynamic Filtering in Power BI is done using the following steps:
Once all the data are set up, publish a detail report to Power BI. Publish it to group
workspace. Create a filter link Create a DAX calculated column. Public overview report
41. What happens by clicking on a single information point in one of the various visual in a
report? ↑
When you click on single information point data gets select and copied to the clipboard.
Moreover, the copied data can be pasted in any place according to your requirement.
42. What is Power BI Designer? ↑
It is a stand alone application where we can make Power BI reports and then upload it to
Powerbi.com, it does not require Excel. Actually, it is a combination of Power Query, Power
Pivot, and Power View.
43. What information is required to create a map in Power Map? ↑
Power Map can display visualizations which are geographical in nature. That's why some kind
of location data is needed, for example, city, state, country or latitude and longitude.
44. Can you join two unique information source in the same Power BI dashboard? ↑
Yes, we can join two unique information source in the same Power Bi dashboard. We can also
merge comparable reports in your Power Bi account into using single dashboard.
45. What are the different types of refresh in Power BI? ↑
Package Refresh Model/data Refresh Tile Refresh Visual Container Refresh
46. What is Bidirectional Cross-filtering in Power BI? ↑
Bidirectional cross-filtering in Power BI Desktop allows data modelers to determine how they
want filters to flow for data using relationships between tables. With bidirectional cross-
filtering, the filter context is propagated to a second related table on the other side of a table
relationship. This can help data modelers solve the many-to-many problem without writing
complicated DAX formulas. Thus, bidirectional cross-filtering simplifies the job for data
modelers.
47. How can you analyze Power BI reports data in excel? ↑
You need to follow the below-given steps:
 Open Power BI Admin portal, go to tenant settings and select -> Analyze.
 Check that Power BI Administrator has enabled Excel option or not.
 Then at the upper right corner, click settings to download and install Excel updates.
 Next, go to the left-hand side navigation pane, go to the workspace, click on the
dataset, click on Eclipses (three dots) and select Analyze in Excel.
 download ODC file, save, and double click on it.
 After that needs to provide power BI user id and password.
48. How to toggle between two options and make it interact with rest of the visualizations
in report? ↑
 Toggling Action can be achieved in Power BI reports, when in case there are two are more
dimensions. This can be showcased using an “Enlighten Slicer” in Power BI which can be
imported form Market Place.
49. What is Power BI Q&A? ↑
Power BI Q&A is a natural language tool which helps in querying your data and get the results
you need from it. You do this by typing into a dialog box on your Dashboard, which the
engine instantaneously generates an answer similar to Power View. Q&A interprets your
questions and shows you a restated query of what it is looking from your data. Q&A was
developed by Server and Tools, Microsoft Research and the Bing teams to give you a
complete feeling of truly exploring your data.
50. Explain the process of dynamic filtering? ↑
The following are the steps of dynamic filtering:
Set all the data of a report ready to be published Publish it into group workspace Create a
filter link Create a DAX calculated column Public overview report
51. What is the latency for running queries from the gateway to a data source? What is the
best architecture? ↑
We recommend that you have the gateway as close to the data source as possible to avoid
network latency. If you install the gateway on the actual data source, the introduced latency
is minimized.
52. Name two types of connectivity modes in Power BI? ↑
Two types of connectivity modes used in Power BI are:
 Import
 Direct Query
53. Explain the term responsive slicers. ↑
On a report page, you can easily resize a responsive slicer to various sizes and shapes, and
the data contained in it should be rearranged according to it. In case if the visual becomes
too small to be useful, an icon representing the visual ability to take its place, thus saving the
space on the report page.
54. Is the Power BI tool available for free? ↑
You can access Power BI for free. However, if you wish to use all the feature of Power BI,
then you can use its pro subscription account. The subscription account offers an enhanced
version of several features that are available with Power Bi free account.
55. What is grouping? How can you use it? ↑
Power BI Desktop allows you to group the data into small chunks. For grouping, you should
use Ctrl + click to select multiple elements in the visual. Right-click one of those elements
which appear in groups window.
56. What is data management gateway and Power BI personal gateway? ↑
Gateway acts a bridge between on-premises data sources and Azure cloud services.
Personal Gateway:
 Import Only, Power BI Service Only, No central monitoring/managing.
 Can only be used by one person (personal); can’t allow others to use this gateway.
On-Premises Gateway:
 Import and Direct Query supported.
 Multiple users of the gateway for developing content.
 Central monitoring and control.
57. What is the only prerequisite for connecting to a database in Azure SQL Database? ↑
The only prerequisite for before connecting to a database is that the user need to configure
firewall setting to allows remote connections.
58. Organization is owning Power BI workspace, has 10 members and wish to give access
for few members Dashboard, for few reports, for few Datasets. Can we achieve this? ↑
To attain this need to create Content Pack,
Need to select Specific Group of people (User Email ids or Distribution lists) (OR) My Entire
Organization in then we choose give access to Dashboards or Reports or Datasets.
59. Explain the term incremental refresh? ↑
Increment refresh is a newly added data so that there is no need to truncate or load the
entire data.
60. What is Power Pivot Data Model? ↑
 It is a model that contains data writes, tables, sections, and table relations. These data tables
help you to develop for holding data for a business substance.
61. What are the differences between a Power BI Dataset, a Report, and a Dashboard? ↑
Dataset: The source used to create reports and visuals/tiles.
 A data model (local to PBIX or XLSX) or model in an Analysis Services Server
 Data could be inside of model (imported) or a Direct Query connection to a source.
Report: An individual Power BI Desktop file (PBIX) containing one or more report pages.
 Built for deep, interactive analysis experience for a given dataset (filters, formatting).
 Each Report is connected to atleast one dataset
 Each page containing one or more visuals or tiles.
Dashboard: a collection of visuals or tiles from different reports and, optionally, a pinned.
 Built to aggregate primary visuals and metrics from multiple datasets.
62. Why is TOP N not accessible for the Page and Report Level Filter? ↑
ToP N is not accessible for the Page and Report Level Filters because their channels are
associated with different visuals.
63. Is Power BI available on-premises? ↑
No, Power BI is not available as a private, internal cloud service. However, with Power BI and
Power BI Desktop, you can securely connect to your own on-premises data sources. With the
On-premises Data Gateway, you can connect live to your on-premises SQL Server Analysis
Services, and other data sources. You can also scheduled refresh with a centralized gateway.
If a gateway is not available, you can refresh data from on-premises data sources using the
Power BI Gateway – Personal.
64. Name 4 types of roles-based usage of Power BI? ↑
Microsoft has categories Power BI users as below:
Consumers (also called as End-Users) of Power BI who gets insights of the data in the form of
reports and used for decision making. Designers who Collect, Wangle, Explore, Transform,
Model, and Evaluate Data and then design reports, publish reports to Power BI Web Service
and create dashboards. Administrators who are responsible for User governance using Office
365 (like Provisioning of Power BI Access to workspaces Licenses) and Administering User
Security (like assigning Power BI admin roles and assigning Premium capacity roles)
Developers who helps Power BI consumers and designers to build integrating / embedding
custom visuals in Power BI Reports and building streaming datasets.
65. What do you use as a consolidate inquiry in Power BI? ↑
Join Queries are used as a consolidate inquiries in Power BI
66. What is on-premise gateway? ↑
On-premise gateway acts as a bridge which helps you to transfer the data, which is on-
premise (not on the cloud) safely and securely.
67. What is natural language search choice? ↑
The natural language search choice is language-based learning for communicating with
information as a part of Power BI suite for Office 365 advertising.
68. Difference between Filter & Raw Filter? ↑
Raw Filter works only on Column where FILTER Function on Measure.
69. What are some ways that Excel experience can be leveraged with Power BI? ↑
Below are some of the ways through which we can leverage Power BI:
 The Power BI Publisher for Excel:
o Can be used to pin Excel items (charts, ranges, pivot tables) to Power BI
Service.
o Can be used to connect to datasets and reports stored in Power BI Service.
 Excel workbooks can be uploaded to Power BI and viewed in the browser like Excel
Services.
 Excel reports in the Power BI service can be shared via Content Packs like other
reports.
 Excel workbooks (model and tables) can be exported to service for PBI report creation.
 Excel workbook Power Pivot models can be imported to Power BI Desktop models.
70. How can you identify which user has logged in to Power BI server or viewing the report
from Power BI? ↑
 The way to identify the user is to create a DAX column and embed “username ()” or
“principalusername ()”, which will retrieve information on the user has logged in.
71. Explain the term data alerts. ↑
Alert works on data that is refreshed, Power BI looks for an alert, and it reaches the alert
threshold or the limit then the alter will be triggered.
72. How do we disable the Default interactivity in Desktop? ↑
Highlight the Visual and go to edit interactions and Click on None on the remaining visuals.
73. What is Power View? ↑
Power View is a data visualization technology that lets you create interactive charts, graphs,
maps, and other visuals which bring your data to life. Power View is available in Excel,
SharePoint, SQL Server, and Power BI.
The following pages provide details about different visualizations available in Power View:
 Charts
 Line charts
 Pie charts
 Maps
 Tiles
 Cards
 Images
 Tables
 Power View
 Multiples Visualizations
 Bubble and scatter charts
 Key performance indicators (KPIs)
74. What is the option to unpivot data in the question proofreader? ↑
Unpivot line is a choice to unpivot any data in the question proofreader.
75. Explain the difference between Power BI and Tableau? ↑
The following are the differences between Power BI and Tableau:
Power BI focusses only on modeling and reporting, while Tableau is the best tool according to
data visualization. Power BI is less expensive, while Tableau is very expensive. Power BI is
associated with Microsoft Azure, while Tableau uses python Machine learning. Power BI has a
simple and easy to use interface while Tableau has a customized dashboard. Power BI
becomes slow while handling massive amounts of data, while Tableau easily handles any
amount of data.
76. What is a calculated column in Power BI and why would you use them? ↑
Calculated Columns are DAX expressions that are computed during the model’s
processing/refresh process for each row of the given column and can be used like any other
column in the model.
Calculated columns are not compressed and thus consume more memory and result in
reduced query performance. They can also reduce processing/refresh performance if applied
on large fact tables and can make a model more difficult to maintain/support giventhat the
calculated column is not present in the source system.
77. What is Edit Interactions in Power Bi? ↑
Power Bi provides you to very cool features of visual Interaction, by default this feature is
enable, that’s means when you select any slicer value or click any visual by default all visuals
get filtered on the basis of click or select value. And we can control this feature to using Edit
Interactions.
78. Explain data source filter. ↑
It is a parameter to filter the data into machines.
79. Can you create multiple dynamic connections between two tables? ↑
No, we can't create more that one multiple dynamic connections.
80. What area do you go to change and reshape data in Power BI? ↑
Data Editing helps you to change and reshape data in Power BI.
81. Can we refresh our Power BI reports once uploaded to cloud (Share point or
Powebi.com)? ↑
Yes we can refresh our reports through Data Management gateway(for sharepoint), and
Power BI Personal gateway(for Powerbi.com)
 82. State the main difference between Filter and Slicer. ↑
If you are using the normal filter user cannot interact with the dashboard. On the other hand,
slicer allows users to have an interaction with Reports as well as Dashboards.
83. What is the major difference between the old version and a new version of Power BI
tool? ↑
The latest version has more robust features, and it is famous with the name Power BI
Desktop. This is an all in one solution for Power View, Power Pivot, and Power Query in the
backend. Power BI offers many add-ins for Excel, which is useful for better visualizations.
84. Where incremental licensing refresh feature is accessible? ↑
Incremental refresh feature mainly used for high-end scalability of data by publishing only on
that workspace in Power BI Service where Premium capacity is needed.
85. Explain z-order in Power BI? ↑
Z-order is a design strategy which is used for arranging visual over shapes. It can be defined
as an implementation method which can be applied whenever reports have multiple
elements.
86. Explain x-velocity in memory. ↑
It is the main engine which is used in power pivot. It allows you to load the large set of data
into Power BI data.
87. What are Data alarms ↑
Ready work on information that is revived ,when information is invigorated BI searches for a
caution and on the off chance that it achieves the ready edge or the utmost, at that point the
alarm will be activated.
88. What are some of the unique data invigorations used for generating the distributed
reports within Power BI? ↑
There are four main types of invigorating steps when it comes to Power BI. Bundle invigorate
can model or revive your data.
• Visual compartment - This type of invigorating is a visual compartment refresh stored in a
report type within a report once the data starts to change. In order to find out if the data
invigorate worked and view how to actualize the data, you can check on the accompanying
connections.
• Tile Invigorate - Tile invigorate refreshes the stores for the tile visuals on the dashboard
once the data begins to change. This happens at regular type intervals. You may also
constrain a tile for invigorating through the option of the ellipsis (which is three dots like
this ...)on the upper right of the dashboard and choosing Refresh Dashboard Tiles.
• Bundle Invigorate – This would then synchronize the Power BI Desktop or Excel document
between the Power BI benefit and OneDrive, or SharePoint Online. This does not pull the data
from the first data source though. When the data comes to Power BI it can refresh it once it is
inside the OneDrive record.
• Display/data revive – This refers to the type of revising to the dataset inside the Power BI
benefit with data from the initial data source. This would either be finished by utilizing booked
revive or invigorate now. That usually requires an entry point for the for the on-premises data
sources, in the form of access tokens or login credentials.
89. State the differences between Power BI and SSRS. ↑
Power BI:
 Power BI gives strong data manipulation feature in its backend but provides access
only to simple visualizations.
 In free version, Power BI limits the use 1 GB data.
 Power BI allows several data sources supported by Tableau. With the integration of
Office 365 suite, it allows connection with Share point. Power BI also allows online support to
the user for direct visualization through Search Engines but is limited to Bling search.
 There is a free version available in Power BI which allows the user to 1GB data set
limit. Pro Software is paid but is cheaper in the market while compared to other BI tools.
 Power BI is free version and Power Pro is paid. Pro is available to the user at a cost of
9.99USD/month with 10 GB data limit and 1 million rows/hour data streaming.
 Implementation process in Power BI is quite simple. It uses cloud storage.
SQL Server Reporting Services:
 SQL server Reporting Services is generally used to make pixel perfect reports and
provides limited dash board options.
 SSRS does not have any limit. Also, it allows users to connect larger data sets, which is
not possible in Power BI.
 SSRS also allows various data sources for connections to make business intelligence
reports.
 Upon request, the cost details are exposed to the user.
 This software license is available on request and is available on cloud platforms such as
Azure, AWS and some other major platforms.
 Compared to Power BI, SSRS contains complex implementation process.
90. Is it possible to have created multiple active relationships in Power BI? ↑
No, we can't set multiple active relationships in Power BI.
91. How does SSRS integrate with Power BI? ↑
Below are some of the way through which SSRS can be integrated with Power BI:
 Certain SSRS Report items such as charts can be pinned to Power BI dashboards.
 Clicking the tile in Power BI dashboards will bring the user to the SSRS report.
 A subscription is created to keep the dashboard tile refreshed.
 Power BI reports will soon be able to be published to SSRS portal
10). What are the foremost common DAX Functions used?
Below are a number of the foremost commonly used DAX function:
• SUM, MIN, MAX, AVG, COUNTROWS, DISTINCTCOUNT
• IF, AND, OR, SWITCH
• ISBLANK, ISFILTERED, ISCROSSFILTERED
• VALUES, ALL, FILTER, CALCULATE,
• UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT, NATURALINNERJOIN, NATURALLEFTEROUTERJOIN,
SUMMARIZECOLUMNS, ISEMPTY,
• VAR (Variables)
• GEOMEAN, MEDIAN, DATEDIFF
11). How is the FILTER function used?
The FILTER function returns a table with a filter condition applied for every of its source table
rows. The FILTER function is never utilized in isolation; it’s generally used as a parameter to
other functions like CALCULATE.
• FILTER works like an iterator and can negatively impact performance over large source
tables.
• Complex filtering logic can be applied like referencing a measure in a filter expression.
o FILTER (MyTable, [SalesMetric] > 500)
12). What’s unique about the CALCULATE and CALCULATETABLE functions?
These functions are the sole functions that allow us to switch the filter context of measures or
tables.
• By adding to the existing filter context of queries.
• By overriding filter context from queries.
• By removing existing filter context from queries.
Limitations:
• Filter parameters can only operate one column at a time.
• Filter parameters cannot reference a metric.
13). What’s the common table function for grouping data?
SUMMARIZE()
• Main groupby function in SSAS.
• The practice that is recommended is to specify table and group by columns but not metrics.
We can use ADDCOLUMNS function.
SUMMARIZECOLUMNS
• New group by function for SSAS and Power BI Desktop which is more efficient.
• Specify groups by columns, table, and expressions.
14). What are the various benefits of using Variables in DAX ?
Below are a number of the benefits:
• While declaring & evaluating a variable, the variable is often reused multiple times during a
DAX expression, thus avoiding additional queries of the source database.
• Variables can only make DAX expressions more logical to interpret.
• Variables can only be scoped to their measure/query, as they can’t be shared among
measures, queries or be defined at the model level.
15). How do we create trailing X month metrics via DAX against a non-standard
calendar?
The solution will involve:
1. CALCULATE function to regulate (take over) filter context of measures.
2. ALL to get rid of existing filters on the date dimension.
3. FILTER to spot which rows of the date dimension to use.
Alternatively, CONTAINS could also be used:
• CALCULATE(FILTER(ALL(‘DATE’),…….))
16). What are the various Excel BI add-in?
Below are the foremost important BI add-in to Excel:
• Power Query: It helps find , editing and loading external data.
• Power Pivot: It is primarily used for data modelling and data analysis.
• Power View: It’s used to design visual and interactively reports.
• Power Map: It helps us to display insights on 3D Maps.
17). What’s Power Pivot?
Power Pivot is an add-in for Microsoft Excel 2010 that permits you to import many rows of
knowledge from multiple data sources into one Excel workbook. It allows us to create
relationships between data that is heterogeneous in nature, build calculated columns and
measures using formulas, build PivotTables and PivotCharts. We will have to then further
analyse the information in order to make timely business decisions without requiring any IT
assistance.
18). What’s Power Pivot Data Model?
It is a model that’s made from data types, tables, columns, and table relations. These data
tables are primarily constructed for holding data for a business entity.
19). What’s xVelocity in-memory analytics engine utilized in Power Pivot?
The main engine behind power pivot is that the xVelocity in-memory analytics engine. It can
handle great deal of knowledge because it stores data in columnar databases, and in memory
analytics which ends up in faster processing of knowledge because it loads all data to RAM
memory.
20). What are the differences in data modelling between Power BI Desktop and
Power Pivot for Excel?
We have a number of the differences enlisted below:
• Power BI Desktop has a process for supporting bi-directional cross filtering relationships,
security, calculated tables, and Direct Query options.
• Power Pivot for Excel has one to many relationships, supports only calculated columns, and
supports only import mode. Security roles can’t be defined in Power Pivot for Excel.

Question 1. Explain What Is Dax?

Answer :

DAX stands for Data Analysis Expressions, and it's miles the components language truly it is a
collection of capabilities, operators, and constants that may be used in a formula, or expression in
Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services, Power Pivot in Excel, and Power BI Desktop. Stated extra
virtually, DAX enables you create new facts from statistics already in your version.Expressions.

Question 2. Explain When Do You Use Sumx() Instead Of Sum()?

Answer :

When the expressions to SUM() consits of whatever else than a column name.
Typically whilst you need to feature or multiply the values in extraordinary columns:

SUMX(Orderline, Orderline[quantity], Orderline[price])

SUMX() first creates a row context over the Sales table (see 1 above). It then iterates through this desk
one row at a time. SUM() is optimized for lowering over column segments and is as such now not an
iterator.

Python Interview Questions

Question three. What Do You Understand By New Calendarauto() Function In Dax(ssas)?

Answer :

CALENDARAUTO feature returns a desk with a unmarried column named “Date” that consists of a
contiguous set of dates. The variety of dates is calculated automatically based totally on data inside the
version.

Example: In this example, the MinDate and MaxDate in the records version are July 1, 2010 and June
30, 2011.

CALENDARAUTO() will return all dates between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011.

CALENDARAUTO(three) will really return all dates among April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2012.

Question four. Name Any 3 Most Useful Aggregation Functions Dax?

Answer :

DAX has a number of aggregation features, inclusive of the following generally used features:

SUM
AVERAGE
MIN
MAX
SUMX (and other X functions)
These capabilities paintings most effective on numeric columns, and commonly can mixture simplest
one column at a time. However, special aggregation capabilities that lead to X, which include SUMX,
can paintings on more than one columns. These functions iterate through the desk, and examine the
expression for every row.

Python Tutorial
Question 5. Which Are The Three Places Where An Expression Can Be Evaluated And Hence A Specific
Context Is Set?

Answer :

In a pivot desk cell. Filter context is about by way of rows, columns, filters and slicers.
In a row cell (calculated column) Row context is about through the row itself.
In the measure calculation region of a table. No row, nor filter out context is set.
ETL Testing Interview Questions
Question 6. Name Any 3 Most Useful Text Functions In Dax?

Answer :
The text features in DAX encompass the subsequent:

CONCATENTATE
REPLACE
SEARCH
UPPER
FIXED
These textual content work very in addition to the Excel functions which have the equal call, so if you're
acquainted with how Excel handles textual content features, you're already a step in advance. If not,
you may usually experiment with these features in Power BI, and analyze extra about how they behave.

Question 7. How Is Filter Context Propagated Through Relationships?

Answer :

Filter context automatically propagates following the filtering of the connection. It usually propagates
from the one facet of the connection to the numerous facet. In addition, you furthermore may have the
<u>alternative of permitting the propagation from the various side to the only aspect</u>. No
functions are available to pressure the propagation: Everything occurs inside the engine in an
automatic way, in step with the definition of relationships inside the information version.

ETL Testing Tutorial Data technological know-how Interview Questions

Question 8. What Is The Difference Between Distinct() And Values() In Dax?

Answer :

Both depend the distinct values, however VALUES() also counts a probable implictit digital empty row
due to non matching values in a toddler table. This is commonly in a size table.

Question nine. Which Function Should You Use Rather Than Countrouws(awesome())?

Answer :

DISTINCTCOUNT()

Data analyst Interview Questions

Question 10. What Is A Pattern?

Answer :

A sample is a trendy reusable strategy to a normally occurring problem.In Microsoft Excel, you operate
patterns each day to construct tables, charts, reviews, dashboards, and more.

R Programming language Tutorial

Question eleven. What Are Dax Patterns?

Answer :

DAX Patterns is a group of ready-to-use information fashions and formulation in DAX, which is the
programming language of Power Pivot. Create your Excel facts model quicker by using the use of a
DAX pattern
Business intelligence Interview Questions
Question 12. Explain Related() And Relatedtable()?

Answer :

RELATED works if you have a row context at the desk on the many side of a dating. RELATEDTABLE
works if the row context is lively on the one facet of a dating. It is well worth noting that both, RELATED
and RELATEDTABLE, can traverse an extended chain of relationships to acquire their end result; they're
not restrained to a single hop.

Python Interview Questions

Question 13. Explain How A Pivot Table Can Be Viewd As An Mvc System?

Answer :

Model = the Data Model (incl DAX expressions)

View = the table (or chart)
Controller = rows + columns + filters + slicers
What can you are saying approximately computerized clear out propagation The filters best ever
robotically go with the flow from the "one" aspect of the connection to the "many" side of the
connection; from the "arrow" aspect to the "dot" aspect; from the research table to the facts table—
something phrases you operate, it's usually downhill.

With the lookup tables above and the data tables under, it's miles a intellectual cue to help you
immediately visualize how automated filter out propagation works.

Question 14. How Does Calculate() Result In Context Transition?

Answer :

When in row context it transitions to filter out context: the filter out on the rows of a selected desk
propagates via the connection to the related before the calculation is finished.

E.G. CALCULATE(SUM(OtherTable[column]) in a calculated column.

It extends or modifies an present filter context, by means of including a clear out as its second
parameter.

CALCULATE() constantly introduces clear out context.

Question 15. What Is The Difference Between Max And Maxa Functions In Dax?

Answer :

The MAX feature takes as an issue a column that incorporates numeric values. If the  column carries no
numbers, MAX returns a clean. If you want to evaluate values that are not numbers, use the MAXA
characteristic.

R Programming language Interview Questions

Question sixteen. How Are Row Contexts Created?

Answer :
Automatically in a calculated column
Programmatically through the use of iterators.
Question 17. How Are Filter Contexts Created?

Answer :

Automatically by using using fields on rows, columns, slicers, and filters.

Programmatically through the usage of CALCULATE()
Ph analyzer Interview Questions
Question 18. How Can You Propagate Row Context Through Relationships?

Answer :

Propagation takes place manually by means of the usage of RELATED() and RELATEDTABLE(). These
features want for use on the right aspect of a one-to-many courting: RELATED() on the many side,
RELATEDTABLE() on the only side.

ETL Testing Interview Questions

Question 19. How Does Summarizecolumns Relate To Filtering?

Answer :

SUMMARIZECOLUMNS is not prone for outer (outside) filters, in assessment to SUMMARIZE

you may upload a clear out (e.G. The usage of FILTER) as a param of SUMMARIZCOLUMNS and it will
filter out therefore. It acts as if you've delivered a filter out in a pivot desk.
Question 20. What Is The Initial Filter Context?

Answer :

The initial filter out context comes from 4 areas of a pivot table:

Rows
Columns
Filters
Slicers
It is the usual filtering coming from a pivot desk before any possible adjustments from DAX formulas
the usage of CALCULATE().

Question 21. Why Don't You Use A Calculate() In The Aggregation Expression Of A
Summarizecolumn()?

Answer :

The CALCULATE() is routinely generated.

Question 22. What Is The Difference Between Having A Measure As A Second Filter Param And Having
The Original Measure Expression As A Param. Filter(desk, [measure]) Vs Filter(desk, Sum(...))?

Answer :

A degree has constantly implicit clear out context, so the ROW context caused by means of the FILTER
is transferred to filter out context within the degree.<br>In case of the expression handiest, no clear
out context is imposed at the expression, so the expression is evaluated with an empty filter out
context! This gives a unique end result.

Question 23. Dax Nested Functions Is Equivalent To Sql What?

Answer :

SQL subqueries.

1. What is BI?

Business intelligence is a technology-driven method. It helps you to analyze data and to

provide actionable information which helps corporate executives, business managers,
and other users to take decisive business decisions.

2. What is a Power BI?

Power BI is a Business Intelligence and Data Visualization tool which helps you to
convert data from the various data source into interactive dashboards and BI reports. It
provides multiple software connectors and services.

3. Why use Power BI?

Here are four primary reasons for using Power BI tool:

 Pre-built dashboards and reports for SaaS Solutions.

 Power BI allows real-time dashboard updates.

 Offers Secure and reliable connection to your data sources in the cloud or on-
premises

 Power BI offers fast deployment, hybrid configuration, and secure environment.

 Helps you in data exploration using natural language query

4. What are the important components of Power BI?

19.6M

144

Learn Java Programming with Beginners Tutorial

Important components of Power BI are: 1) Data Integration, 2) Data Processing, and 3)

Data Presentation
5. What is Dax Function?

It is a formula expression language called (DAX) that can be used with various
visualization tools like Power BI. It is also known as a functional language, where the
full code is kept inside a function.

6. What are the data types of Dax?

Data types of Dax are: 1) Numeric, 2) Boolean, 3) DateTime, 4) String, and 5) Decimal.

7. What are the essential applications of the Power BI?

Power BI is mainly used by:

 PMO - Project Management Office

 Business & Data Analyst

 Developer & Database Administrator

 IT Team, IT Professional

 Consumer for End User Report

 Data Scientist

8. What are the drawbacks of using Power BI?

Here, are the main drawbacks of Power BI:

 Dashboards and reports only shared with users having identical email domains.

 Power Bl does not mix imported data, which is accessed from real-time
connections.

 Power BI can't accept file size larger than 1 GB.

 Dashboard does not accept or pass user, account, or other entity parameters.

9. Name out three important Power BI tools

Three important power BI tool are:

 Power BI Desktop—It is used for desktop computers

 Power BI service—It is an online software as a service tool

 Mobile Power BI apps—They are used for iOS and Android devices.

10. What are the important components of the Power BI toolkit, and what do they
do?

 Power Query: It allows you to discover, access, and consolidate information from
different sources.
  Power Pivot: A modeling tool.

 Power View: It is a presentation tool for creating charts, tables, and more.

 Power Map: Helps you to create geospatial representations of your data.

 Power Q&A: Allows you to use natural language to get answers to questions.

11. What types of data types are available in Power BI?

Important Data sources used in Power BI Desktop are:

 All

 File

 Database

 Power BI

 Azure

 Online Services

 Other

12. What is grouping? How can you use it?

Power BI Desktop allows you to group the data into small chunks. For grouping, you
should use Ctrl + click to select multiple elements in the visual. Right-click one of those
elements which appear in groups window.

13. Explain the term responsive slicers.

On a report page, you can easily resize a responsive slicer to various sizes and
shapes, and the data contained in it should be rearranged according to it. In case if the
visual becomes too small to be useful, an icon representing the visual ability to take its
place, thus saving the space on the report page.

14. Define the term 'M language."

It is a programming language used in Power Query. It's a functional, case-sensitive

language which is similar to other programming languages and easy to use.

15. What information is required to create a map in Power Map?

Power Map can display visualizations which are geographical in nature. That's why
some kind of location data is needed, for example, city, state, country or latitude and
longitude.

16. What are the important features of Power BI dashboard?

 It allows you to drill through the page, bookmarks, and selection pane.
  It allows you to create various tiles like web content, images, textbox, and
integrate URLs.

 Allows you to set report layout to mobile view.

17 What are the steps to go to Data Stories Gallery in Power Bi communities?

Steps to go to Data Stories Gallery:

 First, open PowerBI.com in a favorite browser.

 By hovering on Learn

 Click on Community

 Scroll down little, and you will find Data Stories Gallery.

 Anyone can submit her or his Data Story as well.

18. Where incremental licensing refresh feature is accessible?

Incremental refresh feature mainly used for high-end scalability of data by publishing
only on that workspace in Power BI Service where Premium capacity is needed.

19. How can you analyze Power BI reports data in excel?

You need to follow the below-given steps:

 Open Power BI Admin portal, go to tenant settings and select -> Analyze.

 Check that Power BI Administrator has enabled Excel option or not.

 Then at the upper right corner, click settings to download and install Excel
updates.

 Next, go to the left-hand side navigation pane, go to the workspace, click on the
dataset, click on Eclipses (three dots) and select Analyze in Excel.

 Download ODC file, save, and double click on it.

 After that needs to provide power BI user id and password.

20. What is Power Pivot, and what are the filter writes in Power BI?

Power Pivot is an in-memory component which offers highly compressed data storage.
It helps you to build a data model, creating formulas, relationship, calculated columns
from various resources.

Filters are applicable in:

 Visualization level

 Page Level
  Report Level

21. How can you perform Dynamic filtering in Power BI?

Dynamic Filtering in Power BI is done using the following steps:

 Once all the data are set up, publish a detail report to Power BI.

 Publish it to group workspace.

 Create a filter link

 Create a DAX calculated column.

 Public overview report

22. What is Power Pivot Data Model?

It is a model that contains data writes, tables, sections, and table relations. These data
tables help you to develop for holding data for a business substance.

23. What is Power Query?

Power query is an ETL tool which helps you to clean, shape, and modify data utilizing
instinctive interfaces without doing anything.

24. Which programming language is used in Power Query?

M-code is a new programming language that is used in power query. It is similar to

other programming languages and easy to use.

25. List out benefits of using Variables in DAX.

Here, are benefits of using DAX function:

 By declaring and evaluating a variable, the variable can be reused multiple times
in a DAX expression, which helps you to avoid additional queries of the source
database.

 Variables can make DAX expressions more useful and logical.

 Variables is only scoped, which should be measure or query which can't be

among measures.

25. What are Tiles in Power BI?

Tile is an important feature of power BI services and can be said as a picture of the
data which can be pinned to the dashboard.

26. What is on-premise gateway?

On-premise gateway acts as a bridge which helps you to transfer the data, which is on-
premise (not on the cloud) safely and securely.
27. Name two types of connectivity modes in Power BI?

Two types of connectivity modes used in Power BI are:

 Import

 Direct Query

28. Explain the term data alerts.

Alert works on data that is refreshed, Power BI looks for an alert, and it reaches the
alert threshold or the limit then the alter will be triggered.

29. What is the calculated column?

It is a calculating expression of DAX which allows calculation on data stored in a new

column.

30. What is query collapsing?

The process of converting the steps in power query editor to SQL and executing it by
the source database is called query collapsing.

31. Explain data source filter.

It is a parameter to filter the data into machines.

32. What is content packs?

These are pre-built solutions build for popular services as a major part of the Power BI
experience.

33. What are the types of filters available in Power BI Reports?

Important filters of Power BI reports are:

 Visual-level Filters

 Page-level Filters

 Report-level Filters

34. What is Bookmark?

Bookmark in Power BI helps you to capture the configured view of a report page in a
specific time. This includes filter and state of visual which can use a short cut to come
back to the report that you can add as a bookmark.

35. What are the advantages of using a variable in Power BI?

Variables help you to create more logical Queries and which should be used for
multiple DAX functions.

36. Why use selection pane in Power BI?

Selection Pane helps you to take control over visuals which require to be displayed and
which should not be displayed. It allows you to combine multiple visual pages in the
group and is also used in bookmarking.

37. How to handle Many to Many relationships in Power BI?

You can use Crossfiltering option in Power BI to address the Many to Many
relationships.

38. Explain x-velocity in memory.

It is the main engine which is used in power pivot. It allows you to load the large set of
data into Power BI data.

39. Explain the term Custom Visuals.

Graphs or visual which are not included in Power BI desktop are imported for better
visualization.

40. Is it possible to have created multiple active relationships in Power BI?

No, we can't set multiple active relationships in Power BI.

41. State the main difference between District() and Values() in DAX?

The only difference between two functions is that with District help you to calculate the
null values.

42. State the major differences between MAX and MAXA functions

If you want to calculate numeric values, then use MAX. However, if it is for non numeric
values, then you should use MAXA.

43. Is on-premise access possible in Power BI?

No, it is not possible to access Power BI services on private or internal service cloud.
However, by using Power BI desktop, you can connect with the on-premises data
sources.

44. What is the major difference between the old version and a new version of
Power BI tool?

The latest version has more robust features, and it is famous with the name Power BI
Desktop. This is an all in one solution for Power View, Power Pivot, and Power Query
in the backend. Power BI offers many add-ins for Excel, which is useful for better
visualizations.

45. Explain the term incremental refresh?

Increment refresh is a newly added data so that there is no need to truncate or load the
entire data.

46. Is the Power BI tool available for free?

You can access Power BI for free. However, if you wish to use all the feature of Power
BI, then you can use its pro subscription account. The subscription account offers an
enhanced version of several features that are available with Power Bi free account.

47. What kind of data can you store in Power BI?

In Power BI, you can store mainly two types of data.

Fact Tables:

The central table in a star schema of a data warehouse is a fact table that stores
quantitative information for analysis, which is not normalized in most cases.

Dimension Tables:

It is a table in the star schema which helps you to store attributes and dimensions
which describe objects that are stored in a fact table.

48. State the main difference between Filter and Slicer.

If you are using the normal filter user cannot interact with the dashboard. On the other
hand, slicer allows users to have an interaction with Reports as well as Dashboards.

49. What is the Embed Code?

Power BI online contains an option for publishing on web that will generate a link
address for the Power BI report. You can share these links to others, which is called
embed code.

50. What are the method to hide and unhide a specific report in Power BI?

To hide and unhide specific report, you have to go to selection Pane in the menu bar,
and press hides/unhide toggle button to bookmark.

51. How can you compare Target and Actual Value from a Power BI report?

You need to use Gauge chart to compare two different measure.

52. Can you create multiple dynamic connections between two tables?

No, we can't create more that one multiple dynamic connections.

53. What is the use of Power BI designer?

Power BI Designer allows users to create intuitive reports and dashboards, easily and
quickly. It also helps users to change visual views of their data at fingertips for better
analytics and informed decision-making.

54. Can you refresh Power BI reports after they are published to the cloud?

Yes, it is possible. Gateways can be used to do so.

 For SharePoint: Data Management Gateway

  For Powerbi.com: Power BI Personal Gateway

55. What is Custom Visuals?

Custom Vizual are those visual which are not available in BI desktop, which are
imported from the market for the purpose of better visualization.

56. What are the gateways that available in Power BI?

The two gateway method available in Power BI are:

 On-premises information door

 On- premises information door ( personal mode)

57. What is natural language search choice?

The natural language search choice is language-based learning for communicating with
information as a part of Power BI suite for Office 365 advertising.

58. Can you join two unique information source in the same Power BI
dashboard?

Yes, we can join two unique information source in the same Power Bi dashboard. We
can also merge comparable reports in your Power Bi account into using single
dashboard.

59. Why is TOP N not accessible for the Page and Report Level Filter?

ToP N is not accessible for the Page and Report Level Filters because their channels
are associated with different visuals.

60. Explain the collect function.

Collect function excludes null value. It does aggregate spatial values. You can't
transform data to another format.

61. How can you differ COVAR and COVARP?

The main difference between the two is that: COVAR directly gives the same co-
variance, whereas COVARP is the population covariance.

62. How can you assign SSRS with Power BI?

Here are the steps to integrate SSRS with Power BI:

 SSRS Report Items like charts can be pinned to Power BI dashboards.

 A subscription is created to keep the snapshot of data in dashboard refreshed.

 Power BI reports will soon able to publish to SSRS portal.

63. Explain z-order in Power BI?

Z-order is a design strategy which is used for arranging visual over shapes. It can be
defined as an implementation method which can be applied whenever reports have
multiple elements.

64. What is the only prerequisite for connecting to a database in Azure SQL
Database?

The only prerequisite for before connecting to a database is that the user need to
configure firewall setting to allows remote connections.

65. Name out some important DAX functions used in Power BI.

Sum, Max, AVG, Distinct, Count, Calculate, Datediff are some important widely used
DAX functions.

66. What is X-speed in-memory investigation motor used for Power Pivot?

The primary motto behind power turn is the x Velocity in-memory analytics engine. It
allows dealing with the various measures of information as it stores data in the
columnar database.

67. Name widely recognized information forming systems.

The most widely recognized information forming systems are:

 Removing columns and rows

 Adding indexes

 Applying for a sort order

68. What happens by clicking on a single information point in one of the various
visual in a report?

When you click on single information point data gets select and copied to the clipboard.
Moreover, the copied data can be pasted in any place according to your requirement.

69. What is CORR function? When we use it?

CORR is a correlation function. It gives a correlation between two variables. It mostly

ranges from -1 to 1.

70. State the difference between Count and CounD function.

Count function returns to count, excluding NULL values whereas Countd returns
distinct values which exclude NULL values.

71. Explain DATEDD function in Power BI.

DATEDD function helps you to convert any input to a date format. This input can
number, string, or a data type input.

72. What does DATENAME function do?

DATENAME function shows the name of the specific part of the date that is given.

73. What is the DATEPART function?

It returns date function as an integer. However, DATENAME function does the same
thing, except it returns the name of the part of the date.

74. What does DATEDIFF function do?

This function gives a difference between 2 dates based on the specified Date part.

75. What is the use of ENDSWITH function?

ENDSWITH function helps you to return the logical result to the given string. In case If
the sub-string is available at the end of the sub string, then it returns TRUE.

76. What is IFNULL function?

If the value is not NULL iFNULL function result is the first expression, if it is not, then it
will return the second expression.

77. What is the use of INDEX Function in Power BI?

INDEX function helps you to retrieve the index of the respective row.

78. What is the main difference between LTRIM and RTRIM?

LTRIM function helps you to remove the white space from the LEFT of the string.
RTRIM helps you to remove it from the right the last index.

79. What is the use of MID function?

MID function returns the string character from the specified index position.

80. How can you apply percentile function in Power BI?

PERCENTILE function allows you to returns the data value of the specific percentile
number.

81. What is the SIGN function?

Sign function returns the direction of the values. If it returns 1, if positive then 1, if 0
then 0.

82. What is the use of statewith function?

This function returns the logical answers TRUE if the sub-string is the starting string for
the superstring. If it is not, it will return false.

83. What is the use of split function?

SPLIT function is used to split the string database on the given delimiter.

84. What is the need of signing up with business email?

Power BI is not supporting, the email address given by telecommunications or
consumer email service providers. Thus, there is need for signing up with work email.

85. Name the market place where you can download the Power BI mobile apps.

 App store

 Google Play

 Window Store

86. In which year Microsoft invented Power BI Embedded?

In, the year 2016 Microsoft discharged new administration which is named as Power BI
Embedded.

87. What area do you go to change and reshape data in Power BI?

Data Editing helps you to change and reshape data in Power BI.

88. Data Category settings should be used for mapping information to

geographic areas in Power BI?

Scope and Longitude (e.g. 47.6080, - 122.3351)

89. What do you use as a consolidate inquiry in Power BI?

Join Queries are used as a consolidate inquiries in Power BI

90. What is the option to unpivot data in the question proofreader?

Unpivot line is a choice to unpivot any data in the question proofreader.

91. What is the process to refresh Power BI reports when it is uploaded into the
cloud?

Power BI, reports can be refresh using Data management, gateway, and Power BI
Personal Gateway.

92. What visual would you need to use to show solitary esteem?

Disseminate Plat is a visual you should use to show solitary esteem.

93. Which of the following Power BI memberships allows you the right permit to
see Power BI content with the various Power BI applications?

Power BI Premium P1 is an application which gives this type of solutions for you.

94. Which field composes can be added to the Field well of a Slicer visual?

Computing segments should be made with a DAX articulation.

95. What is the M dialect capacity to sort a segment in inquiry supervisor?

The command for this purpose is Sort-> Table

96. Which Power in BI visual is ideal for estimating execution against an

objective?

Projectile Power Bi visual is most fitting for this purpose.

97. What context style is allowed by Power BI DAX?

Power BI DAX content style is both Row and Filter.

98. In, Power Bi, where do you discover the Q&A highlight?

You will get at the highest point of a report in the Power BI benefit.

99. How can you dynamically change the value measure to show multiple
measures?

You can do this by using harvesting measure and switch function.

100. What is self-service business intelligence?

Self-service Business Intelligence SSBI is a method to deal with data investigation

which empowers business clients to channel, fragment, and break down their data,
without top to the bottom specific information.

101. What is Power BI DAX style?

It is both Row and Filter Context

102. How can I purchase Power BI suite?

You can purchase Power BI licenses version directly from their

website www.powerbi.com.