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 Preface
Complete Syllabus through Question Bank: The best way to prepare for an exam like GATE is through a
comprehensive study of previous-year question papers. It takes less time to cover most part of the syllabus. Solving the
previous GATE questions helps aspirants to understand the exam pattern, knowing the level of questions, and predict the
pattern. At the same time, you may be aware that just knowing the answers of previous-year question paper is just not
enough.

For example, if the question is: The teahouse is a feature of which type of landscape architecture? And you learnt that
the answer is ‘Japanese Garden’. It is best to support the answer with additional notes & figures about different types of
gardens, i.e. French, English, and Chinese, etc. One reason for providing such notes is that it is rarely possible that in the
next few years, the same question will be repeated. But it is quite possible that if a question is asked from a related topic,
you should answer it if you have gone through additional studies or notes.
Essential Notes: Providing answer with essential notes & explanation is the main features of this Question Bank. It’s
been tried to cover the maximum part of the syllabus through providing supportive notes and answer itself.

QR-code based book: We have been using QR-code based deep learning for our GATE reference books since 2015.
It gave us encouragement when it came to news that a teacher
Ranjitsinh Disale won $1mn Global Teacher Prize 2020 for using QR-
codes based book for teaching in school.

This book is very concise. It contains a very exhaustive source of

reference material for a deep understanding of the subject. So, it has
QR-codes. Scan the code for further studies if you need. There are
many QR code scanners available on Google Play Store or apple App
Store.

We recommend, you scan the QR-codes with the app that comes with
Scan to know more about Ranjitsinh Disale,
your phone itself. Installing the ‘QR Code Reader’ app from the Google
Play Store or the Apple App Store may contain advertisement that could Winner of Global Teacher Prize 2020
be irritating and downgrade reading experience. Some phone can scan
QR-codes directly with its camera itself without any app!
All Pages Color Printed: All pages and illustrations of this Question Bank are color printed. Paper published by National
Center for Biotechnology Information; US suggests that there are positive effects of color illustration on cognitive
process.

Complete Package: This question bank contains question papers of last 31 years from 2021 to 1991. All it makes it the
complete Question Bank. When you go through all these, you will get an idea of how question pattern and trend has
changed over time. This will greatly help you to focus on the part of the syllabus which are frequently asked in exams.

Feedback: We keep improving the contents of this book through the feedback and suggestion from the readers. You are
always welcome for your valuable suggestion and feedback about this book. If you find better contents or alternative
solution, send us to [email protected]

We request you to write a fair review on the ecommerce webpage from where you have bought the book.

This book should provide an edge to your study. Hopeful that it will make you confident and feel easy on question pattern.

Fab Quote”
“The interesting observation is to try to work with people, but even more than that, to try to make them successful. If
you try to make others successful, they, in turn, will try to make you successful. No matter how brilliant you are, no
matter how good you are, no matter how hard you work, if you rely only on yourself and believe you don’t need the
help of others, you are sadly mistaken. If you engage everybody around you by helping them, they will help you, in
turn. And you will be more successful than you ever dreamed of.” – Former Director, Goldman Sachs

Happy reading. Make most of this book. We wish you all the best for GATE 2022.
 Cutoff Marks
90 84.33
80.67 80.67 79.33 79.67
78.67 77.67
80 75
70.67 72

70
59.33
60

50 44.72 45.17 ST/ST/PH

42.63 43.9
40.51 41 40.9 OBC
38.9
40 35.7 34.8
32.5 General
40.25 40.65 39.5
38.37 36.46 36.9 36.8
30 35 Highest Marks
32.1 31.3
28.43 29.81 29.25 30.11 29.2
20 27.01 25.9 27.8 27.3 27.2
21.67 23.2
10

0
GATE 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
2011

Appeared for GATE AR

12000 10857
9649
10000 9170

7494
8000
5812 5607
6000
4147
4000 3087
2516 2500 2718

2000

0
GATE 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
 Table of Contents

Page range No. of pages Remarks

Preface ~ 2
Benefits of Colour Prints ~ 4
Memory Techniques ~ 6
Syllabus for GATE 2022 ~ 3
Question Bank ~ Volume 1
GATE 2021 Q&A with Essential Notes 1 ~ 32 32
GATE 2020 Q&A with Essential Notes 33 ~ 84 52
GATE 2019 Q&A with Essential Notes 85 ~ 130 46
GATE 2018 Q&A with Essential Notes 131 ~ 166 35
GATE 2017 Q&A with Essential Notes 167 ~ 180 13

Question Bank ~ Volume 2

GATE 2016 Q&A with Essential Notes 1 ~ 29 29
GATE 2015 Q&A with Essential Notes 30 ~ 76 46
GATE 2014 Q&A with Essential Notes 77 ~ 106 29
GATE 2013 Q&A with Essential Notes 107 ~ 135 28
GATE 2012 Q&A with Essential Notes 136 ~ 154 18

Question Bank ~ Volume 3

GATE 2011 Q&A with Essential Notes 1 ~ 32 32
GATE 2010 Q&A with Essential Notes 33 ~ 61 28
GATE 2009 Q&A with Essential Notes 62 ~ 87 25
GATE 2008 Q&A with Essential Notes 88 ~ 107 19
GATE 2007 Q&A with Essential Notes 108 ~ 129 21
GATE 2006 Q&A with Essential Notes 130 ~ 161 31

Question Bank ~ Volume 4

GATE 2005 Q&A with Essential Notes 1 ~ 24 24
GATE 2004 Q&A with Essential Notes 25 ~ 41 16
GATE 2003 Q&A with Essential Notes 42 ~ 52 10
GATE 2002 Q&A with Essential Notes 53 ~ 70 17
GATE 2001 Q&A with Essential Notes 71 ~ 81 10
GATE 2000 Q&A with Essential Notes 82 ~ 90 08
GATE 1999 Q&A with Essential Notes 91 ~ 99 08
GATE 1998 Q&A with Essential Notes 100 ~ 108 08
GATE 1997 Q&A with Essential Notes 109 ~ 114 05
GATE 1996 Q&A with Essential Notes 115 ~ 125 10
GATE 1995 Q&A with Essential Notes 126 ~ 131 05
GATE 1994 Q&A with Essential Notes 132 ~ 140 08
GATE 1993 Q&A with Essential Notes 141 ~ 146 05
GATE 1992 Q&A with Essential Notes 147 ~ 153 06
GATE 1991 Q&A with Essential Notes 154 ~ 159 05

Total 672

In pursuit of constantly improving this book, we would delete or add contents without prior information!
 Benefits of Colour Illustration

Benefits of Colour Illustration

Why is the Question Bank COLOUR printed?

A color printed book has numerous benefits to the readers in comparison to a black & white printed
book. Following are the articles published in reputed journals and media elaborating the impacts of
color illustrations. (Color: US spelling, Colour: UK spelling)

Color Images More Memorable Than Black and White (Article)

Psychologists have found that colors enhance an individual's visual memory. From a series of
experiments, researchers learned that subjects were more likely to recall the color version of an image
than the same scene in black and white. The results, which appear in a issue of the Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, also indicate that natural colors make a difference.

Felix Wichmann of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics and his colleagues conducted five experiments, using subjects
with normal vision. Participants initially viewed 48 images, half in color and half in black and white. The picture subjects fell into
four different categories: landscapes, flowers, rock formations and man-made objects. Each category provided a different check on
the results. For example, the flower pictures varied in terms of color, not shape, but those of rock formations offered the opposite.
After presenting these images, the team mixed in 48 new scenes, showed the entire set of 96, and then recorded whether the subjects
remembered the originals. The color images, they found, made much longer-lasting impressions than did the black-and-white ones.

To assess whether the visual memory system treats natural color and false color differently, the
researchers presented subjects with altered images, such as scenes with reddish grass. They found
that people did not remember these scenes any better than they did the black-and-white versions.
According to study co-author Karl Gegenfurtner, this indicates that the visual memory system is
tuned to the color schemes of the natural world. "If stimuli are too strange," Gegenfurtner says, "the system simply doesn't engage
them as well." Advertising or design industries might do well to take note of the findings. To catch someone's eye, bright colors
might be best, but if "the aim is more to have an image 'stick' in the viewer's memory," Wichmann suggests, "unnatural colors may
not be suitable."

(Author: Greg Mone, 2002, Scientific American: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/color-images-more-memorab/)

The Influence of Colour on Memory Performance: A Review (Research Paper)

Human cognition involves many mental processes that are highly interrelated, such as perception, attention, memory, and thinking.
An important and core cognitive process is memory, which is commonly associated with the storing and remembering of
environmental information. An interesting issue in memory research is on ways to enhance memory performance, and thus,
remembering of information. Can colour result in improved memory abilities? The present paper highlights the relationship between
colours, attention, and memory performance. The significance of colour in different settings is presented first, followed by a
description on the nature of human memory. The role of attention and emotional arousal on memory performance is discussed next.
The review of several studies on colours and memory are meant to explain some empirical works done in the area and related issues
that arise from such studies.

Introduction
Memory refers to the mental process of encoding, retaining, and retrieving environmental information. How the human cognitive
system deals with the memorization process remains the centre of research among cognitive psychologists. One of the most interesting
and challenging questions in contemporary memory research is on ways to enhance human memory performance. Many variables
have been proposed to contribute to the retrieval operations and one of the variables is colour, which will be discussed thoroughly in
the present paper.
Colour is believed to be the most important visual experience to human beings. It functions as a powerful information channel to the
human cognitive system and has been found to play a significant role in enhancing memory performance. Colour can be very effective
in learning and educational setting, marketing, communication, or even sport. For instance, a marketing study has found that colour
can increase brand recognition by up to 80%. Most advertisements use colour as one of the important element in influencing people’s
attention, attitude towards the product, and pressuring decision making. According to White, coloured advertisements can attract
people to read the advertisement up to 42% more often than the non-coloured advertisement. This shows the importance of colour in
making the information or message more attractive to the public.
In the educational setting, higher demand is put on excellent academic achievement. The extent to which students utilize their
cognitive abilities is also important and may contribute to better academic achievement. The cognitive abilities of the students refer
to the way the students perceive, pay attention, remember, think, and understand the lessons. There need to be strategies to facilitate
the learning process and colours can play a role in motivating students to learn and profit from their educational experiences.
 Memory Techniques

Memory Techniques
How to enhance your memory so that you can remember fast to get best of the Question Bank?

For that, we have already this book printed in Colour as it supports better cognitive activity of your brain. On our website:
gatearchitecture.com, there is a tab ‘Student Yoga’ that may help perform you better in exam. Other than this, following articles can
help you in better learning. Many students complain that they can’t remember necessary material. They say they understand the
content when they read it, but can’t recall it later. There is a difference between understanding and remembering. You may understand
all the systems of the human body (they make sense when you read about them), but that doesn’t mean you’ll be able to recall the
necessary terms. Fortunately, there are memory techniques and strategies for you to use. Some will be more useful for some subjects
and content than others.

Baker/baker paradox

There is a term "elaborative encoding" that is well-illustrated by a nifty paradox known as the Baker/baker paradox, which goes like
this: If a person tells two people (you and your friend) to remember the same word, if the person says to your friend, "Remember that
there is a guy named Baker." That's his name. And the person says to you, "Remember that there is a guy who is a baker." The person
comes back to your friend at some point later on, and says, "Do you remember that word that I told you a while back? Do you
remember what it was?" The friend who was told his name is Baker is less likely to remember the same word than what was told to
you that his job is a baker. Same word, different amount of remembering; that's weird. What's going on here?

Well, the name Baker doesn't actually mean anything to you. It is entirely untethered from all of the other memories floating around
in your skull. But the common noun "baker" -- we know bakers. Bakers wear funny white hats. Bakers have flour on their
hands. Bakers smell good when they come home from work. Maybe we even know a baker. And when we first hear that word, we
start putting these associational hooks into it, that make it easier to fish it back out at some later date.

20 Memory Techniques Experiment with these techniques to make a flexible, custom-made memory system that fits your style of
learning.

1. Learn from the general to the specific.

Imagine looking at a new painting this way. Blindfold yourself. Put a magnifying glass up to your eye. Move your face within inches
of the painting. Now, yank the blindfold off and begin studying the painting, one square inch at a time. Chances are, even after you
finished "looking" at the painting this way, you wouldn't know what it is. Unfortunately, many students approach new courses and
textbooks just this way. They feel driven to jump right in and tackle the details before they get the big picture. Here is a different
approach. Before you begin your next reading assignment, skim it for the general idea. You can also use this technique at the
beginning of a course. Ask someone who has taken it to quickly review it with you. Do a textbook reconnaissance of the reading
assignments for the entire course. This technique works best at the beginning of a term, but it's never too late to use it. If you're lost,
step back and look at the big picture. The details might make more sense.
 Memory Techniques
Meditation for Memory

Meditation is the most effective way of improving the ability of our mind to pay attention to tasks – which is important for
improving retention and converting a short-term memory into a long-term memory.

Studies have demonstrated that practicing meditation improves our ability to focus on smaller details. (Maclean et al. 2010).

Source: https://www.magneticmemorymethod.com/how-to-remember-things/

The Importance of Review

The most important part of note taking is

reviewing your notes after class. Notes do very
little if they are never looked at again! The
average student forgets up to 80 percent of the
information within 24 hours of learning it.
Students can dramatically increase the amount of
information they retain by reviewing the
information within that first 24 hours. When
reviewing, edit and clarify notes, focusing on
main ideas and key points. One way of doing this
is by using the Cornell System. To further
improve retention, do a weekly review as well.
Choose one night of the week (weekends work
well for this) to go over notes from the past week
of class for all of your classes. Plan to spend about
30 minutes per class. Review also improves
retention of information from textbooks and can
be done in almost the same manner. After reading
each chapter or section of the text, do a short review within 24 hours and a comprehensive review on a weekly basis. Nobody is
anxious to add another task to their list of things to do, but reviewing often saves time in the long run, since consistent review leads
to less cramming before tests. Studying for a short period of time each day is more effective than studying for many hours on a single
day.

(Figure: Adapted from WWU’s Tutorial Center)

Source: https://selkirk.ca/sites/default/files/Learning/Selkirk-College-Learning-Success-Memory-Techniques-Workshop.pdf

How to remember?

All the best!

 Syllabus 2022
Architecture and Planning (AR): New Pattern

The Paper contains General Aptitude (GA) section (15 Marks) as applicable for all papers of GATE 2022.
The Paper consists of two parts covering the syllabus: Part A (60 marks) and Part B (25 marks).
New Part A is compulsory for all the candidates.
Part B contains two optional sections: Part B1 (Architecture) and Part B2 (Planning).
Candidates have to choose any one of these during the examination! (Part B1 or Part B2)

Part A: General
Section 1: Architecture, Planning and Design
Architectural Graphics; Visual composition in 2D and 3D; Computer application in Architecture and Planning; Anthropometrics;
Organization of space; Circulation- horizontal and vertical; Space Standards; Universal design; Building byelaws; Codes and
standards;

Section 2: Construction and Management

Project management techniques e.g. PERT, CPM etc. ;Estimation and Specification; Professional practice and ethics; Form and
Structure; Principles and design of disaster resistant structures; Temporary structures for rehabilitation;

Section 3: Environmental Planning and Design

Natural and man-made ecosystem; Ecological principles; Environmental considerations in Planning and design; Environmental
pollution- types, causes, controls and abatement strategies; Sustainable development, goals and strategies; Climate change and built
environment; Climate responsive design;

Section 4: Urban Design, landscape and Conservation

Historical and modern examples of urban design; Elements of urban built environment –urban form, spaces, structure, pattern,
fabric, texture, grain etc.; Concepts and theories of urban design; Principles, tools and techniques of urban design; Public spaces,
character, spatial qualities and Sense of Place; Urban design interventions for sustainable development and transportation;
Development controls – FAR, densities and building byelaws.; Urban renewal and conservation; heritage conservation; historical
public spaces and gardens; Landscape design; Site planning;

Section 5: Planning process

Salient concepts, theories and principles of urban planning; concepts of cities - Eco-City, Smart City; Concepts and theories by
trendsetting planners and designers; Ekistics; Urban sociology; Social, Economic and environmental cost benefit analysis; Methods
of non-spatial and spatial data analysis; Development guidelines such as URDPFI;

Section 6: Housing
Housing typologies; Concepts, principles and examples of neighbourhood; Residential densities; Affordable Housing; Real estate
valuation;

Section 7: Services and Infrastructure

Firefighting Systems; Building Safety and Security systems; Building Management Systems; Water treatment; Water supply and
distribution system; Water harvesting systems; Principles, Planning and Design of storm water drainage system; Sewage disposal
methods; Methods of solid waste management - collection, transportation and disposal; Recycling and Reuse of solid
waste; Land-use – transportation - urban form inter-relationships; Design of roads, intersections, grade separators and parking
areas; Hierarchy of roads and level of service; Para-transits and other modes of transportation, Pedestrian and slow moving traffic
planning;

Part B1: Architecture

Section B1.1: History and Contemporary Architecture
Principles of Art and Architecture; World History of Architecture: Egyptian, Greco-Roman classical period, Byzantine, Gothic,
Renaissance, Baroque-Rococo, etc.; Recent trends in Contemporary Architecture: Art nouveau, Art Deco, Eclecticism,
International styles, Post Modernism, Deconstruction in architecture, etc.; Influence of Modern art and Design in
Architecture; Indian vernacular and traditional Architecture, Oriental Architecture; Works of renowned national and international
architects;

Section B1.2: Building Construction and Structural systems

Building construction techniques, methods and details; Building systems and prefabrication of building elements; Principles of
Modular Coordination; Construction planning and equipment; Building material characteristics and applications; Principles of
strength of materials; Alternative building materials; Foundations; Design of structural elements with different materials; Elastic
and Limit State design; Structural systems; Principles of Pre-stressing; High Rise and Long Span structures, gravity and lateral load
resisting systems;

Section B1.3: Building Services and Sustainability

Solar architecture; Thermal, visual and acoustic comfort in built environments; Natural and Mechanical ventilation in buildings;
Air-Conditioning systems; Sustainable building strategies; Building Performance Simulation and Evaluation; Intelligent Buildings;
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