BHAIRAMI EKBOTE 18TXTI2 BE

NoOF 2
EXPERIMENT ELOUHROUGH ORIFICE METER Date 26 08 21

ABSTRACT: th _baLusue olaop_acaoss thu otee meka us miAALLegl

at dilaent mamomutaic Huils ad dienrnt combinctione
alkie.amd þihe diamthuu(B1ortio) by voayumng Houmien.
n thi emd, diachaage_Coe{iciemt_and ih uladionahih uith
haplatu ReynDldino.[NReo) uwA caloulabal.Manomthic
Reaglimg_uwda soumd o imcaeaseu LnaecAum9 {louuah.
Mamomtaic fuidh wued weae CC_amd H
INTRODUCTON: Elouo mittu c Led tomulkuaL _Qluumitiic {lousiata o
oLLA uids.Onv such Aupe is dieentol preAsuse tupe
ha utoduoes _a conabi.ctim m thi Juicd flow andd tht
presuse diuenco thuA obtaimeclii elated p the Houwaake{
(byuAimg Beunoull thetaum).An incsedue im tlouty amd
kumuticemagy LA cauAed by jlouw comatuictiom,Aesulting
in ALcluctom im bsLuSuaL.[Besnoullu LMuqybalamce) Nau,
Acte olisch.oge_aom_conaticiom cam be_calculakd usumq-
pAGuL ALduction,blate nzea, denaihs o Huid amd _coeheien
diaçhasge[cd). Cd1u ths_Lcitin acual ow tn theeoical
nu.One such dikteentiaul þrusune {lou mlten ia rihice mtker:
OsLhicemetbi: dn otlkc mtes Aecduces the Houw efnea uy the
helh of aun buhie.plak(thin plake hou a hole dailled. in its_centre
he Huid Hou umacle o pous haough thu hole which
houShah edgeu thatboimt ubshreama
ghu Huio contach amd thun eapamda aA t mor
hsnugh thu lhca, thuu nuultunqim_abrissuLe olscp
dnorikice mts um a pibelinu is shoun_im £lquusei
SIGN.
 2 OF 21
DIAGIRAM- ORIFICE METER IN A PIPE
EKBD

FiGURE
munonmttor ORIFICE PLATE

dirrt
BHAIRA i EKBOTE 18TXTI2 B
No. 3OF2L
EXPERIMENT Date 2608 2

he audtion betweem prrasa dsop omd {lowacuk iu cdesirnd

usumg thu Benoulliu equalion, lfor PPVVa Nkere Fiq1)
P+V+Ri tV +H2

HH
89
0 at
39 29
hoizontal rnetu position,
V=V P-P 0
29
oifice hlaute, tquauhion of ontinuihs u vlid,
Now, in am

Va
FIGURE:2
A STREAMLINE IN A
PIPE (ORIFICE)

dhplyimg e o camtinuiy, at paimt 4 q2

A V_A2 V2
Now, A Td umd Az Td wher d, =pibe
4 oliameter
VadV oda Ctipce dia

Subotihuting inO, V2 =
2(P-P)
VS(1-B)
Now
Howate A zX=A x (P-B) -

uhue h thuicticoL loueade

SIGN
 BHAIRAVI EKBOTE 18TT21 BE
No 4 0P 2
EXPERIMENT Date 2608 21

n an otiicernelu, theoticoal flowrute u dilurnt thun

actuul Hausate ().
Cd Qth whne Cod =
Coelficiemt oischange
ORIEICEMETER 9 Cd:A /2(P-R) whee Az At
EQUALON L1-p4) thuraical oua)
ddvomdcgeA_ol_orlhicemate: 18umple amd aobust
cheab platza awell eatoubtiuhud, combrehunuible standads
applied jor qauu,Liqulch amd wttmixhiuu lku
akum.

Limitahins otlemak : clynamic sangu iu Lau Such

tht 4:1thu max qmim. maAs HoLwroke achieed
Plokt damage 9 clirt_builolup atfut pertormamco iast
upshream sual afech operation Lasqe heacd los6
Maus Houatp euotion

m: Col A_l8(P-P)X
S1-84)

m: CAt_RP-R)|
-p)_|

SIGN.
BHAIRAVI EKBOTE18IXII2L3
BE GF 2
 BHAIRAVI EKBOTE 18TXTI2 BE
BE
NO6OF2L|
EXPERIMENT Date 26 08 21

ExPERIMENT: Matesialu amd Methods PRocess uwids uaecd uwert uatm

amo kesoseme, ushle mamometsic uica weru meiuy
amd casbam tthachlide. thu ausembly &ehup comuists oa
bumb, maum amd bs-bous valuu, {loat w hotumceramd.
amotincL plate comneckd to a U-tiube momomekm Puumps
mou thu procAs Huidl fom 2Aeurois to thu biba,uthule valv
conholHhu How of Huid thsaugh thi susBem. flauule
z t ÄA MLIALLL ULmq ankamekea. Far both 6ttu o
uid eqbeumnt_hae luLD LOuRiecd out by chamgimg the
PIpe oLqmepey Pundl,
tsntttit thi iice diamoeden, thesehs_chamgumq
hu Bvalues. flouWAate wu Vaaied_ushich gau ditk.mamo
me sLaoluimgs
ondy wcu kebt Ptmb was
BLocedun8 keeb thulugbaus alre,pen CUmd,suitcb"on ht=bttmp
Connct mamometes o thi otioeplate. No-opea-tht-aetin_
tha main vdle.ua opermudl andl a Howsate parrthu prouss Kuted
O 9et.Hsheacls stak, ntadinas omamometem amd otaetor
ELouwnae wcu gadually meaeauecL. madungs e8e nsttd
Manamtic Huidsaebe u04 kakn au mucuayfor ligher
Louratu Jhu procedue uwu ebeattd for diltant ß-a
valuuomo dihuent þroceus uicls
uheme m-
&mano
Foarmulae: l mo H0 = AHw =L x AHm metrtc
Jw wd
Reynoldh no (Ngee) =_hdo Vo
iM.arIhce

w
whh e
C 1-) Ao o Crea o mihce
Ao y 28:DHw = Az =At
SIGN
BHAIRAV EKBOTE 18TXTI2 3
No. 0F2
EXPERIMENT Date 26 08 ja1
Obsesvating
Set 1-paaph Calihaatizn to
i CC4as manometuio Hucl,wntu auroR
i Ho as manometuc uid,uater ou rocei
Set.a-Pata amd Gaabhsa
p:09412,Hgas mamamclaie luid, wak1 u pToceAs jlid
Set 3-ata amd Gaaphs r
0.29611, Hq ascnancmehic uid,uaier asprocess uicl
Get 4-ata amd Haaphs zr
lpa0.94482,Hq as mdmpmeic uid, wcter u prroce6s uid
Bet 5-cda amd Gaabhs
B:0.18YH1, Hoa mam.omeic juicd, uater aA þrocess luid-
Lse o Hq_duue mthi 12asm that CCL4 manometes_
loukows at hughes lowaates

SIGN.
Bhairavi Ekbote 18TXT121 Pages 8- 17

Data and Graphs:

Set 1 – Graph calibration using CCl4 and water, and Hg and water
CONSTANTS UNIT (SI)
Orifice diameter 0.022
pipe diameter 0.0254
beta 0.8544601654
area of plate 0.000346361
viscosity(water) 0.00085
density(water) 1000
density (Ccl4) 1600
density (Hg) 13600
Beta^4 0.467242472
1-beta^4 0.532757529

Data and Graph for CCl4 and water

Q (flowrate) (m3/s) H1(M) H2(M) Delta Hm (Of Delta Hw (WATER)(m)
manometric fluid) (m)
8.33E-05 0.351 0.349 0.2 0.0012
0.000133 0.354 0..346 0.8 0.0048
0.000183 0.357 0.343 1.4 0.0084
0.000233 0.362 0.338 2.4 0.0144
0.000283 0.367 0.333 3.4 0.0204
0.000333 0.374 0.326 4.8 0.0288
0.000383 0.383 0.317 6.6 0.0396

Delta Hm vs Q for CCl4 and water

7

5
Delta Hm

0
0 0.00005 0.0001 0.00015 0.0002 0.00025 0.0003 0.00035 0.0004 0.00045
Q
 Bhairavi Ekbote 18TXT121 Pages 8- 17

Data and Graph for Hg and water

Delta Hm (Of Delta
Q(m3/s) H1(M) H2(M) manometric fluid) (m) Hw(WATER)(m)
0.000333 0.351 0.349 0.2 0.0252
0.000417 0.352 0.348 0.4 0.0504
0.0005 0.353 0.347 0.6 0.0756
0.000583 0.354 0.346 0.8 0.1008
0.000667 0.355 0.345 1 0.126

Delta Hm vs Q for Hg and water

1.2

0.8
Delta Hm

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007 0.0008
Q
 Bhairavi Ekbote 18TXT121 Pages 8- 17

Set 2 – Data and Graphs for Hg and water, beta (B) = 0.94488
Ao H20 + Hg + corner taps
0.000113097 B = 0.94488 or 0.945
Dp pipe diameter = 0.5 inch = 1.27 cm = 0.0127 m
B^4
Do orifice diameter = 1.2 cm = 0.012 m
0.797088652 actual pipe diameter = 0.0157m
1-B^4 density of water = 1000 kg/m3
0.202911348 density of mercury = 13600 kg/m3
viscosity of water = 0.85 cP = 0.00085 Pas

Q m3/s h1 (m) h2 (m) delta Hm (m) delta Hw Velocity (m/s) N Reo Cd

flowrate
0.0002 0.354 0.346 0.008 0.1008 1.768393503 24965.56 0.596726834
0.00025 0.356 0.344 0.012 0.1512 2.210491879 31206.94 0.598413153
0.0003 0.358 0.342 0.016 0.2016 2.652590254 37448.33 0.591104582
0.0004 0.365 0.335 0.03 0.378 3.536787006 49931.11 0.585312958
0.0005 0.374 0.326 0.048 0.6048 4.420983757 62413.89 0.585413153
0.0006 0.385 0.315 0.07 0.882 5.305180509 74896.67 0.579765914

log Q log Nreo log delta Hw

-3.698970004 4.397341231 -0.996539468
-3.602059991 4.494251244 -0.820448209
-3.522878745 4.57343249 -0.695509472
-3.397940009 4.698371227 -0.4225082
-3.301029996 4.79528124 -0.218388218
-3.22184875 4.874462486 -0.054531415

delta H(Hg) vs Q
0.08
0.07
0.06
Delta H(Hg)

0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007
Q
Bhairavi Ekbote 18TXT121 Pages 8- 17

Cd vs Log Nreo
0.6

0.595
Discharge Coefficient

0.59

0.585

0.58

0.575
4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9
Log Nreo

log Q vs log delta Hw

-3.1
-1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0
-3.2

-3.3

-3.4
Log Q

-3.5
y = 0.5037x - 3.19
-3.6

-3.7

-3.8
Log delta Hw
 Bhairavi Ekbote 18TXT121 Pages 8- 17

Set 3 - Data and Graphs for Hg and water, beta (B) = 0.826771654
Ao H20 + Hg
0.000346361 Do = Orifice diameter - 0.21
B^4 Dp=pipe diameter 0.0254
B= 0.826771654
0.467242472
actual pipe diameter = 0.0157m
1-B^4
density of water = 1000 kg/m3
0.532757529
density of mercury = 13600 kg/m3
viscosity of water = 0.85 cP

Q (m3/s) h1(m) H2(m) Delta Hm (m) Delta Hw (m) Velocity ( mps) Nreo Cd
flowrate
0.000333333 0.351 0.349 0.2 0.0252 0.96238817 23777 0.899
0.000416667 0.352 0.348 0.4 0.0504 1.20298521 29721 0.922999
0.0005 0.353 0.347 0.6 0.0756 1.44358225 35665 0.875159
0.000583333 0.354 0.346 0.8 0.1008 1.68417929 41609 0.874125
0.000666667 0.355 0.345 1 0.126 1.92477633 47553 0.873532

Log Q log (Delta Hw) Log (Nreo)

-3.47712 -1.59859946 4.376150643

-3.38021 -1.29756946 4.473060656
-3.30103 -1.1214782 4.552241903
-3.23408 -0.99653947 4.619188692
-3.17609 -0.89962945 4.677180639

delta H(Hg) vs Q
1.2

0.8
Delta H(hg)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007 0.0008
Q
Bhairavi Ekbote 18TXT121 Pages 8- 17

Cd vs log Nreo

0.93

0.92
Dicharge Coefficent

0.91

0.9

0.89

0.88

0.87
4.35 4.4 4.45 4.5 4.55 4.6 4.65 4.7
Log Nreo

log Q vs log delta Hw

-3.15
-1.8 -1.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0
-3.2

-3.25
Log Q

-3.3
y = 0.4272x - 2.8085
-3.35

-3.4

-3.45

-3.5

-3.55
Log delta Hw
 Bhairavi Ekbote 18TXT121 Pages 8- 17

Set 4 - Data and Graphs for Hg and kerosene, beta (B) = 0.94488
Kerosene + Hg + corner taps
Ao
B = 0.94488 or 0.945
0.000113097
dp = 0.5 inch = 1.27 cm = 0.0127 m
B^4
0.797088652 do = 1.2 cm = 0.012 m
1-B^4 actual pipe diameter = 0.0157m
0.202911348 density of kerosene = 820 kg/m3
density of mercury = 13600 kg/m3
viscosity of k = 2.15 cP = 0.00215 Pa.s

Q (m3/s) h1 (m) h2 (m) delta Hm delta Hw Velocity (m/s) N Reo Cd

flowrate (m)
0.0002 0.353 0.347 0.006 0.0935122 1.768393503 8093.485 0.588396278
0.00025 0.354 0.346 0.008 0.12468293 2.210491879 10116.86 0.636957656
0.0003 0.356 0.344 0.012 0.18702439 2.652590254 12140.23 0.624088498
0.0004 0.361 0.339 0.022 0.34287805 3.536787006 16186.97 0.614559869
0.0005 0.368 0.332 0.036 0.56107317 4.420983757 20233.71 0.600529437
0.0006 0.377 0.323 0.054 0.84160976 5.305180509 24280.45 0.588396278

log Q log Nreo log delta Hw

-3.698970004 3.908135549 -1.029131748
-3.602059991 4.005045562 -0.904193012
-3.522878745 4.084226808 -0.728101753
-3.397940009 4.209165545 -0.464860318
-3.301029996 4.306075558 -0.250980498
-3.22184875 4.385256804 -0.074889239

delta Hm vs Q
0.06

0.05

0.04
Delta Hm

0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007
Q
Bhairavi Ekbote 18TXT121 Pages 8- 17

Cd vs log Nreo
0.64

0.63
Discharge Coefficient

0.62

0.61

0.6

0.59

0.58
3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
Log Nreo

log Q vs log delta Hw

-3.1
-1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0
-3.2

-3.3
y = 0.4854x - 3.1782
Log Q

-3.4

-3.5

-3.6

-3.7

-3.8
log delta Hw
 Bhairavi Ekbote 18TXT121 Pages 8- 17

Set 5 - Data and Graphs for Hg and kerosene, beta (B) = 0.787408157
A kerosene + Hg + corner taps
7.85398E-05 B = 0.787401575 or 0.787
B^4 dp = 0.5 inch = 1.27 cm = 0.0127 m
0.384400415 do = 1cm = 0.01 m
1-B^4 actual pipe diameter = 0.0157m
0.615599585 density of kerosene = 820 kg/m3
density of mercury = 13600 kg/m3
viscosity of k = 2.15 cP

Q (m3/s) h1 (m) h2 (m) delta Hm delta Hw Velocity (m/s) N Reo Cd

flowrate (m)
0.0002 0.354 0.346 0.008 0.12468293 2.546479619 9712.155 0.719363427
0.00025 0.356 0.344 0.012 0.18702439 3.183099524 12140.19 0.720494121
0.0003 0.358 0.342 0.016 0.24936585 3.819719429 14568.23 0.717946891
0.0004 0.365 0.335 0.03 0.46756098 5.092959239 19424.31 0.716480195
0.0005 0.373 0.327 0.046 0.71692683 6.366199048 24280.39 0.715597286
0.0006 0.384 0.316 0.068 1.05980488 7.639438858 29136.46 0.715051519

log Q log Nreo log delta Hw

-3.698970004 3.987315597 -0.904193012
-3.602059991 4.08422561 -0.728101753
-3.522878745 4.163406856 -0.603163016
-3.397940009 4.288345593 -0.330161744
-3.301029996 4.385255606 -0.144525167
-3.22184875 4.464436852 0.025225914

delta Hm vs Q
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
dleta Hm

0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007
Q
Bhairavi Ekbote 18TXT121 Pages 8- 17

Cd vs log Nreo
0.721

0.72
discharge coefficient

0.719

0.718

0.717

0.716

0.715

0.714
3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
Log Nreo

log Q vs Log delta Hw

-3.1
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2
-3.2

-3.3
y = 0.5102x - 3.2292
log Q

-3.4

-3.5

-3.6

-3.7

-3.8
Log delta Hw
 BHAIRAVI EKBOTE 18TXTI2 B
No. 18 OF 21
EXPERIMENT: Date 26 08|21

RESULTS AND_ DISCUGSIONS:

9ato pom gabhs :

Seta Slobe =o.5087, imts.0ebt = -3.1900

Set.3: slobe = 0.4212,inteaceht = -R.8085
9et. 4 sobe =0.4354,_intacept =-3.[782
Set5slope =0.5102,_imttuceht =-3.2292

Calculabom o Coaamd coekiciemt_amd bouwe o AHu

Ao y dgAHw
Jotkimg Log on bothsides,
Aog Cdt ogAa tlog(dg AHu) =Jog t og(1-pA)
|Log Cl t LogAoR t log dHw log
-B
yCoOT
NmHacebt Gtobex x-CoUTt
C

Nou rorn akore it ia Uidant that slope ol thu equahom

i 0.5.n thu olota obtaimel abeurt siope(m) iaapbzirat
0.5 um al caues_Shus,
powen o AHy= 2 coffoiemt oAH 4
Now,C r iMHhcebt = log Cdt Log Aovag Hemce
V-91
Cd com beobtaumecd por each coAe

SIGN
BHAIRAVI EKBOTE 18TXTI2IB
No. 19. OF 21
EXPERIMENT Date 96 08 1

Set 3.19log Cp-2.96 log C - 0. 23

C 0 5888436554
hiu cosubonda amd matchet Cd valuuu calculaked.
.8085 E In C2.67749l0g Co -0.1311
0877118

hi oskaimed vollue_matchu _unith the calculakcl valuA

9et4 3.1782 =LogCp-2.9667 JogCo -0-2115
Cp 0.61447
ghis ualuu mitchuA to thi Co vollues cotlculatedl

Set 5-3.2242=Lpg_Co 8.0844 Loq c -0.1448

Co 04165
Shi obtouimudl value_matchu h thi vgllue cotlculated.

NAuAsuoms
Ese RAhort_on_couloertuom : om gsoubhs obtaumed um
9et 1 o d AHaV/sAiu uidlemt that the atlattin
6eioem lousate amdl mamomtu heiqht u diuecti
a0hortionl. uhile th incaeaue m e the hinst geaph
CCly amd_wate) iu enbamendial, thi ncaLaLe um the
sepond gacaph (Haamd uater iu unea. Nhi suggeuks
hat kot small incAemonts im Mauwaake alue, thu
huight diuenca,ottoumed uthun uaimq Co as manomtt
Huil, incee0seA Aabidlly.4t u sale n thu imker that for
hiah LowAatu the cl mamomete aalous amd cannot
beuAedHemoe Hq mamameker hau been_used r all
obeimenhatiheaeker-zeqtiri
SIGN.
BHAIRAVI EKBOTE 8TXTI21 Be
No 20 OF21
EXPERIMENT Date 26 08 |21

Cd s Loq NReo Yhu dischaAge coetiient incuueA uxth

mCALCAeUm Ruunolh number amd then 8utuucLtu akker
Som hm. Wthin Jimits of thL enbeiimuntal umestaurty,
2thL suulti obtaimed far thu cischauge coel{ioient hiough
am oruce plate agsee uith the embiial data aelain.
n thu qaabha,.au g thu luid {owbecomiu uubulemt, lol
uncaaseA_wthNaec,belarestalilisung

Ca ralue: HAom thtgadbh o Aoq s Log Atl, d

Vouluu wet coleulahd usung alopes and uteacebts.
SeAS : Hq,H,0, B 0.94488>Col=0.58884
Set 3: Ha, H,0, B-0.82677Cd : 0.87712
Set 4 Hq,kesnseng, B=0.4488Cd =0.61447
Set 5: Hq, kexosehe, B 0.78741u =0.11647

Hend How ulatiomship : aem the geaths obtaimud tar

ouDsata (q) 17s mamomeiic. Aeadimg 6Hm),it.i
seem that
mamombic suodumq umciuaesuxith mcaemuntsUm ownate
ft u uidemt that thu husd-Hou Alakimhip a nan tinea
amd thus kis im thu embiuical 2elatuion. As B 71,the
hiod Houw.swlationahup becomu mo etficiumt..

SIGN
 BHA IRAVI EKBOTE 8TX T21 B
No. 2) OF 21
EXPERIMENT Date 26 08 |21

CONCLUSION:By usmq_an oihice meta n amalyze jloul thanugh 0-

be aow-haad selatiomshib wau_eatablishad, 2elocdionship
oclischosqe coekiemt_uwith Reynoldi mumber wL eAtablish
ISchaageCoelliciemb(Col)_uwau foumd well with tht aoebho
imits o enpeumemtal umcetaimts. Sht calculated välue
am thu oL obtumul krom grabhs coupand toeach other.
hLdeuiabom betveem_the tuo_wOA withum acebluble Limits
Oveaal, tht exbaimunthlbecdtodedeaminL mamy_chauacterishu
otouioe mets.

mamotk=
CoMMENTS: 1£ie out all_entuabped_au korn ditkauntial
d Mausntaim a comutamt steacdy Huid dischaiqe beare
Hakimq as_NCLdumgs
BMake mams iLoLolimga at Louwa Ngeo Vdlues i:e louw
How dliachdaqe)

SIGN