International Standard 2671

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATIONWEXjlYHAPO~HAR OPrAHM3AlM fl0 CTAH~PTH3AWMORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION

Environmental tests for aircraft equipment -

Part 3.4 : Acoustic Vibration
Essais en environnement pour les hquipements adronautiques - Partie 3.4 : Vibra tions acous tiques

First edition - 1982-10-15

w
-
UDC 629.7.05/.06 : 534.831 : 620.1785 Ref. No. ISO 26714982 (EI
Descriptors : aircraft industry, aircraft equipment, tests, environmental tests, acoustic tests, Vibration tests, Performance tests, Sound pressure.

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 oreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national Standards institutes (ISO member bodies). The work of developing Inter-
national Standards is carried out through ISO technical committees. Every member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the
right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to

the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the ISO Council.

International Standard ISO 2671 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20,
Aircraft and space vehicles, and was circulated to the member bodies in March 1979.

lt has been approved by the member bodies sf the following countries :

Austria Italy Spain

Belgium Korea, Rep. of United Kingdom
Canada hibyan Arab Jamahiriya USA
Czechoslovakia Poland USSR
France Romania
lndia South Africa, Rep. of

No member body expressed disapproval of the document.

This International Standard is part of a composite Standard, specifying environmental

tests for aircraft equipment, details of which are given in ISO 7137, Aircraft - En-
vironmenta! conditions and test procedures for airborne equipment.

0 International Organization dar Standardization, 1982

Printed in Switzerland
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2671-1982 (E)

Environmental tests for aircraft equipment -

Part 3.4 : Acoustic Vibration

1 Scope and field of application 1.2.1 The equipment located in aircraft, regions where Overall
Sound pressure levels are less than 125 dB will not normally re-
1.1 This International Standard specifies laboratory condi- quire testing in acoustic Vibration environments.
tions for testing the ability of equipment for subsonic and
supersonic civil aircraft to withstand the effects of acoustic
2 Definitions
Vibration. Two types of tests are specified : tests for the func-
tioning of the equipment, and tests for its acoustic endurante.
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following
The tests for the functioning of the equipment are carried out
definitions apply :
both during equipment development and for certification. The
tests for acoustic endurante are usually carried out in Order to
find structural defects during equipment development. 2.1 control Points : Locations of microphones in the test
chamber.

1.1.1 The tests for the functioning of the equipment may be

carried out in accordance with one of the two alternative 2.2 maximum non-uniformity of Sound pressure field :
methods. The maximum differente between Overall Sound pressure levels
at any two control Points when testing in accordance with the
- wide band noise test wide band noise method.

- harmonic Sound test. 23 mean value of Sound pressure levels at the control
p’oints : The value determined from the formula :
The tests for acoustic endurante are carried out using the wide
band noise method.
L, = fOlg; l@jilj - [IOlgk],, dB
1 .1.2 The selection of the test severity grade is made by the
user in accordance with one of the following two procedures :
where
a) If measurements of Sound pressure levels at the loca-
tion where the equipment is to be installed are available for Lj is an Overall Sound pressure level at the j-th control
in-flight conditions or tan be calculated, they tan be used to Point relative to 20 PPa, in decibels;
determine test Sound pressure levels by a method proposed
in this International Standard. This is referred to as pro- k is the number of control Points;
cedure “A” (sec 4.4.1, 5.2.1, and the annex).
or, when the Sound pressure level differente does not exceed
b) If such measurements are not available or the user does 5 dB, from the following formula :
not wish to use method A, the test Ievels may be obtained
from this International Standard on the basis of the type of 1 k
aircraft in which the equipment is to be installed and the 4-n =- Lj, dB
k c
location of the equipment in the aircraft with respect to the j=i

noise sources. In this method, which will be referred to as

procedure “BI’, the test Sound pressure level tan be deter- 2.4 maximum Overall Sound pressure level at the
mined by means of the tables and formulae given in this In- equipment location in the aircraft, Lmax : The maximum
ternational Standard (sec 4.4.2; 5.2.2, and the annex). r.m.s. level of Sound pressure in areas of the equipment loca-
tion in the aircraft during typical flight.
1.2 The tests are intended to be applied to equipment sen-
sitive to acoustic Vibration. The necessity for functioning and 2.5 nominal Sound pressure level : The constant Overall
endurante tests, the use of the wide band noise method or har- Sound pressure level specified in a frequency range of 250 to
monic Sound method, and the applicable test Sound pressure 2 000 Hz for each severity grade, when testing in accordance
level shall be specified in the relevant equipment specifications. with the harmonic Sound method.
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ISO 26751982 (E)

2.6 equivalent Sound pressure level, Leqv : The Sound approximating to a normal iGaussian) distribution, with
pressure level which, if applied constantly for a duration equal amplitudes up to a peak value not less than three times the root
to that of an aircraft’s typical flight, would result in Overall mean Square (r.m.s.) value.
darnage of the aircraft’s equipment equal to the darnage in the
aircraft during a typical flight. The formula for evaluation of the
3.2.3 The chamber shall be provided witt i a System for sup-
equivalent Sound pressure level is given in the annex.
porting the test equipment, the first resonance frequency shall
not exceed 25 Hz.
2.7 accelerated Sound pressure level : The Sound
pressure level for accelerated acoustic endurante tests, in
3.3 The monitoring instrumentation shall be capable of
decibels.
measuring Overall Sound pressure levels in the frequency range
from 90 to 11 200 Hz and octave band levels at central frequen-
lt is determined from the formula :
cies from 125 to 8 000 Hz at each of the control Points.

20 T, I The monitoring instrumentation shall have a flat frequency

L acc.t. = Leqv +-lg:, dB’)
3, T response with the following tolerantes :
Y 1 acc.t

where
Frequency range Tolerante
Hz dB
T is the required Service life of the aircraft equipment, in
ht:rs; 90 to 125 Ik 3,Q
125to 2500 zk 2,0
Tacc. t. is the acoustic endurante test duration, in hours; 25Ooto 11 200 + 3,0

y is the index of the rate of fatigue darnage accumulation

law for the equipment. 3.4 The monitoring instrumentation shall be capable of
measuring Sound pressure levels at least IO dB higher than the
specified test level.
3 Test facility requirements

3.1 The acoustic Vibration test facility shall consist of the 3.5 The microphones shall be calibrated for random in-
following : cidence measurement.

- test chamber; 3.6 The intensive Sound pressure used in the tests is
dangerous and appropriate measures should be taken for the
- equipment to produce a Sound field in the test protection of personnel.
chamber;

- 3.7 If the test is carried out in test chambers which do not

instrumentation for monitoring the Sound field
satisfy the requirements of this International Standard the test
Parameters.
conditions shall be discussed between the purchaser and the
supplier of the equipment.
3.2 The test chamber, the equipment to produce the Sound
field in the test chamber and the instrumentation for monitoring
the Sound field Parameters shall satisfy the requirements for 4 Functioning tests
Sound pressure levels, non-uniformity of the Sound pressure
field, the Sound pressure spectrum shape and the test duration
4.1 Functioning test conditions; wide band noise
(see 3.2.1 to 3.2.3, 3.3 to 3.7, 4.1.1 to 4.1.5, 4.2.1 to 4.2.4, 4.3,
method
5.2.1, 5.2.2 and the annex).

4.1.1 The functioning test conditions in the test chamber,

3.2.1 The test chamber shall be of such shape and construc-
when using the wide band noise method, are specified by the
tion to produce as closely as possible a diffuse Sound field.
mean value of the Overall Sound pressure levels at the control
Points, the maximum permissible non-uniformity of the Sound
3.2.2 For the wide band noise tests, the Sound pressure ap- pressure field, the Sound pressure spectrum shape and the test
plied to the test chamber is preferred to be of a random nature duration.

1) This formula is derived from the equation :

Y/2

where

P2acc.t . is the mean value of the Square of the accelerated Sound pressure, in Pascals squared;

p2eqv is the mean value of the Square of the equivalent Sound pressure, in Pascals squared;
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 ISO 26714982 (EI

4.1.2 Four test severity grades for the functioning tests are The Sound pressure levels in the specified frequency range shall
specified in accordance with table 1. The standardized be within the Iimits given in figure 2.
Parameter is the mean value of Sound pressure levels at the
control Points (sec 2.3). The maximum permissible non- 4.2.3 The fundamental harmonic level shall be at least 3 dB
uniformity of the Sound pressure field, spectrum shape and test higher than the levels of the upper harmonics.
duration are specified to be constant for all the severity grades.

4.2.4 The Change in the fundamental harmonic frequency

Table 1 - Severity grades for the functioning test
shall be smooth at a rate not exceeding one octave/minute.
Standardized Sound pressure The whole frequency range is covered twice.
Severity grade
level at control Points,
dB
4.3 The duration of the functioning test under wide band
I I I 130 1 noise or harmonic Sound conditions shall be sufficient to deter-
mine the functioning characteristics of the equipment, but shall
not be less than 15 min.

I IV l 160 I
4.4 Selection of test severity grade
4.1.3 The maximum permissible non-uniformity of the Sound
4.4.1 Procedure A
pressure field defined by the differente between the Overall
Sound pressure levels at the control Points is 6 dß. The Overall
The selection of the test severity grade for the functioning test
Sound pressure levels at the control Points should be within the
in accordance with the known, measured or calculated opera-
limits of - 2, + 4 dB with respect to the Sound pressure level
tional conditions for the equipment is made as follows :
at the specified test severity grade.
The equipment is to be tested according to the severity grade
4.1.4 The spectrum shape is specified in frequency octave which satisfies the following requirement :
bands with central frequencies from 125 to 8 000 Hz at any
control Point relative to the mean value of Sound pressure levels The differente between the maximum measured or
at the control Points. The levels in frequency octave bands shall calculated Overall Sound pressure level at the equipment
be within the limits given in figure 1. location in the aircraft and the standardized Sound pressure
level of one of the severity grades (see table 1) is within the
limits of - 6, + 3 dß. The selected test severity grade is
4.1.5 The tests may be carried out in test chambers in which
specified for both the wide band noise test and harmonic
the non-uniformity of the Sound pressure field exceeds 6 dß. In
Sound test.
this case, the Ievels at the control Points should be within the
limits of - 2, + 10 dB with respect to the Sound pressure level
at the specified test severity grade. The upper limits of the 4.4.2 Procedure B
Sound pressure spectrum are allowed to be 6 dB higher than
they are in figure 1. The lower limits are not changed. The selection of the test severity grade under unknown equip-
ment operational conditions is made in accordance with
4.2 Functioning test conditions, harmonic Sound table 2. The mean value of the Overall Sound pressure levels at
the control Points, and the nominal Sound pressure level ap-
method
propriate to the severity grade is obtained from table 1.

4.2.1 The functioning test conditions in the test chamber, Table 2 - Selection of severity grade
when using the harmonic Sound method, are specified by the
frequency distribution of Sound pressure Ievels at the control Characteristics of location Severity
Points, the rate of the fundamental harmonic frequency Change of aircraft equipment grade
and the test duration. Bays not close to engine zones I
Bays close to engine zones II
4.2.2 Four test severity grades for the functioning tests are Bays in the zone of jet exhausts Ill
specified in accordance with table 1. The standardized
The most noisy locations IV
Parameter is the nominal Sound pressure level (see 2.5).

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 Overall Sound pressure level of specified test severity grade

Upper limit
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- 10

0 Lower limit
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- 32 dß

- 40
63 100 125 250 500 1 000 2 000 4 000 8000 10000
Central octave band frequency, Hz.

Figure 1 - Sound pressure spectrum shape in frequency octave bands; wide band noise test method
 ISO 2671-1982 (E)

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ISO 26714982 (E)

5 Acoustic endurante tests 6.3.2 When preparing the harmonic Sound test, the Overall
Sound pressure levels of the specified severity grade are ad-
5.1 The acoustic endurante test conditions are specified in justed at any control Point over the whole frequency range in
the same manner as for the functioning tests (see 4.1.1, 4.1.3, accordance with figure 2 and the differente between the levels
4.1.4, 4.1.5 and figure 1). of the fundamental and upper harmonics checked. The rate of
the fundamental frequency Change shall satisfy the re-
5.2 Selection of test Sound pressure lewel quirements of this International Standard (see 4.2.4).

5.2.1 Procedure A 6.4 Six microphones shall be placed uniformly around the
equipment at a distance of 0,l to 0,2 m from its surfaces if the
The mean Sound pressure Ievel in the test chamber is defined dimensions of the main surfaces of the equipment exceed
by the formula from clause 2.7 if operating conditions are 0,35 m. If the dimensions of the main surfaces do not exceed
known or tan be calculated. The required equipment Service 0,35 m, the Operator may place less than six microphones but
life Ts I is usually given in the relevant equipment specification, not less than two must be at a distance of 0,l to 0,2 m from the
the recommended test duration to be specified is not less than surfaces of the equipment.
5 h. The equivalent Sound pressure level tan be obtained from
the formula given in the annex.
65. Recommended test procedure
5.2.2 Procedure B
6.5.1 If only the functioning test is specified in the relevant
The mean Sound pressure level in the test chamber, when equipment specification, the functioning characteristics are
operating conditions are unknown, is determined as follows : monitored during acoustic environmental testing under the test
the test severity grade is found from table 2, the equivalent conditions appropriate to the specified functioning severity
Sound pressure level is determined from table 3 given in the an- grade.
nex and the mean Sound pressure level, which is accelerated
Sound pressure level, is obtained from the formula given in 2.7 6.5.2 If the acoustic endurante test is specified in the relevant
and in the annex. The mean Sound pressure Ievel for endurante equipment specifications, then first the functioning
tests tan be also obtained from table 3 where characteristics of the equipment are monitored under the test
conditions of the appropriate severity grade for the functioning
Y = 6; test. The endurante test is then carried out under the en-
durante test conditions. When the testing is completed, the
the differente L,,, - Leqv = 5 dB, and functioning characteristics are monitored again under the func-
tioning test conditions.
T S.l. = 200; 5000; 30000 h.

6.6 The acoustic endurante test may be carried out with the
6 Testing procedure equipment non-operational if this does not Change the
mechanical properties of the equipment or its components.
6.9 Prior to testing, the equipment shall be visually inspected
and its functioning characteristics monitored. The equipment
6.7 The equipment is considered to satisfy the functioning
shall have no mechanical darnage. The equipment functioning
requirements in the acoustic environment if, whilst under test,
characteristics shall comply with the relevant specifications.
its functioning characteristics are within the limits specified by
The octave band and harmonic Sound levels of the specified
the relevant equipment specification.
test severity grade are calculated in accordance with the re-
quirements given in clauses 4 and 5.
6.8 The equipment is considered to satisfy the requirements
6.2 The equipment under test shall be suspended in the cen- of the acoustic endurante test if, after testing, its functioning
tre of the test chamber so that its main surfaces are not parallel characteristics under the appropriate functioning test condi-
or perpendicular to the chamber Walls. All the electrical connec- tions are within the limits specified by the relevant equipment
tions shall be attached in the same manner as required by the specification and it has no mechanical darnage.
operating conditions.

6.3 The adjustment of Sound pressure levels 7 Information to be stated in the relevant
equipment specification
6.3.1 When preparing the wide band noise test, the mean
value of Sound pressure levels at the control Points shall be ad- 7.1 When an acoustic Vibration test is specified in the rele-
justed to the specified test severity grade, the octave band vant equipment specification, the following information shall
levels are adjusted at one of the control Points and the non- be stated :
uniformity of the Sound pressure field is checked. The Sound
pressure level adjustment in the frequency octave bands may need to test for functioning;
be performed without the test specimen. The Sound pressure
mean level shall be adjusted with the specimen in Position. - need to test for acoustic endurante;
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 ISO 26714982 (EI

- mounting method; - list of the monitored functioning characteristics Prior

to, during and after testing;
- the test severity grade (test Sound pressure level);
- number of specimens for the test.
- acoustic endurante test duration;

- required Service life of the equipment;

7.2 In addition to the information listed in 7.1, the test facility
- index of the rate of fatigue darnage accumulation law characteristics and the deviations of functioning characteristics
for the equipment; during the test shall also be noted in the test report.

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ISO 26714982 (E)

Annex A

Determination of Sound pressure level for accelerated

acoustic endurante test

A.l Procedure A - Aircraft operating The Overall typical flight duration is 3 h. Since the maximum
conditions are knownl) Sound pressure level is 140 dB, the test severity grade for the
functioning test, from 4.4.1 is II.
The mean Sound pressure level for accelerated acoustic en-
durante tests is determined from the formula given in clause
For the endurante test, the calculation Leqv gives (when y = 6
2.7 :
and T = 3 h)
20 TS.l.
L acc.t. = Leqv + -Ig , dB
Y T,cc . t .

To evaluate the equivalent Sound pressure Ievel Leqv, the Lw =

following formula may be used :
+ 106x128/20 x 0.33 +,06x127’20 x 2.05 +
Leqv = 10 lg[Gi; 10yLi’20 x q]“‘, dB
+ 106xl31/Xl
1
x 0.33 + 106x’3”a x 0.25) 2i6= 13OdB

where
If the required Service life of the equipment unit, Ts I , is equal
q is the duration of the typical flight interval over which
(for example) to 5 000 h and the accelerated test duration is
the r.m.s. Sound pressure level remains constant, in
selected to be 5 h, the mean value of the Sound pressure level
seconds (hours);
in the test chamber is
T is the Overall aircraft typical flight duration, in seconds
(or hours);
20 5000
Li is the r.m.s. Sound pressure Ievel at the i-th interval in L acc.t. = 130 +-Ig-= 140 dB
6 5
decibels;
n is the number of intervals.

The recommended accelerated test duration to be specified is

A.2 Procedure B - Aircraft operating
not less than 5 h and y shall equal6 if it is not determined more
conditions are unknown
exactly.
If the operating conditions are unknown the test severity grade
A.l .l Illustrative example for calculating LaccWtan equipment is found from table 2, the equivalent Sound pressure level,
unit is installed in an aircraft in zone II (sec tables 1 and 2). L eqv, is obtained from table 3 and the test mean Sound
pressu re level , La,,* t, is determined from the formula in 2.7 and
In different flight modes, the Overall Sound pressure level in this annex. The required Service life, Tsm,.,the test duration,
around the equipment unit is as follows : Tacc t., and the index of the rate of fatigue darnage accumula-
tion’law of the equipment, y, should be specified.

I I
Flig ht Flight mode
mode duration (7J pressure level
reference h L acc-t. tan also be obtained from table 3 which is based on the
following values
1 0,016 7 125
2 0,001 1 140
Tacc.t. = 5h,
I 3 I 0,33 I 128 I
4 2,05 127
Y = 61
5 0,33 131

I 6 I 0,25 I 131 I L max - Leqv = 5 dB.

1) Obtained by experiment or calculation.

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 ISO2671=1982(E)

Table 3 - Severity grades for acoustic A.2.1 Illustrative example for determining Lacc .t .
endurante test for an equipment unit :
Equipment Service
An equipment unit is located in grade severity II. Leqv (see
life, 1T,.,J
Equivalent h table 3) is equal to 135 dB. If T, .1. = 20 000 h, Tacc.t . = 5 h and
Severity
Sound
200 5000 30 000 Y = 61
pressure
grade 20 20 000
level Mean value of the Overall Sound
(L eq.v. 1,
L acc.t. = 135 +-log-= 147 dB
pressure levels at control 6 5
Points, (Laccets1,
dB dB
If an equipment unit is located in severity grade II,
I 125 130 135 140 TS.l. = 20 000 h, )’ = 6, Tacc.t. = 5 h, we have from table 3 :
II 135 140 145 150

Ill 145 150 155 160 145 < Lacc,t, < 150 dB
IV 155 160 - -
. L acc.t . should be approximately 147 dB.

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