Electricity From Different Types Of Fruit

A Case Study Presented to

The Faculty of College of Computing and Information Technologies

Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

National University

_______________________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Final Requirements for the course

Science, Technology and Society

_______________________________

Presented by:

Yves Bagamasbad

Jude Andre M. Ceniza

Anna Marie Pahay Leron

Dave Adam Ybañez

Presented to:

Dr. Diosdado M. Aler III

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 Table of Content
Abstract …………………………. 3
Introduction …………………………. 4
Conceptual Framework …………………………. 5
Statement of the Problem …………………………. 6
Significance of the study …………………………. 7
Scope and Limitations …………………………. 7
Definitions of Terms …………………………. 7
Foreign Literature …………………………. 9
Project Design …………………………. 22
Materials …………………………. 23
Experimental Procedure …………………………. 38
Results and Discussion …………………………. 39
Conclusions …………………………. 39

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Abstract

Batteries are devices that store and transform chemical energy into electricity,
and hence use fruits as batteries acts like a wet cell consisting of an electrode that
conducts a negative and positive electrode. The ions too, while the citric acid of the
fruit is electrolyte, copper, and zinc metals also serve as electrodes. Battery contains a
mixture of various copper-penny (coin) galvanized materials cloud, multimeter,
alligator clips, wires and diode (LED) bulb by which all are transmitted. The fruit
battery used to illuminate an LED bulb is wired together.

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 CHAPTER 1

Introduction

An electricity is a kind of energy which is powered by moving electrons in the

conductor from positive and negative points. It is commonly used in homes, electric
appliances and even some cars for supplying and supplying electricity. Some people
are responsible for electricity production, but Benjamin Franklin and his kite
experiment are the most prominent. Franklin may specify the electrical discharge type
of lightning. Franklin has also shown that metal artifacts are fine electricity
conductors. Voltage is an electric pressure calculation in a circuit. It tests the electrical
current from one end of the wire to the other. The present journeys like this because
on one end of the wire there is more available energy than on the other. The voltage
rises in electricity lines as power increases. The electrical pressure on the lines is
raised by millions of volts when a voltage spike takes place. The current fluctuations
are caused by flickering effects. The concept of voltage simply refers to an
electromotive force or a possible voltage difference. Voltage is also the possible
energy to move electricity.

Fruit consists of a variety of chemicals called an electrolyte, which enables the

movement of charges. An electrode is the part of the cell that loads in or out and each
cell has a pair of materials that conduct it. Both electrodes and electrolytes have
chemical changes. These changes turn chemicals into electricity. Electricity has two
types of cells. These two cell forms are wet and dry cells. Wet cells, like cells in car
batteries, are liquid cells. These cells also have wet cells, which is why they act as a
battery and are capable of producing voltage. Calamansi juice is, for example, the
electrolytes and the electrodes of zinc and copper. They generate an electrical energy
when both of them are combined. Zinc and copper are like the negative terminal in the
battery, and the positive terminal are Calamansi, Indian Mango and Banana (saba). It
is also a trigger for creating stress. There is acidic consistency in the Calamansi,
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Banana and Mango and that is one more explanation for this being battery. It is also a
reason why voltage can be produced. Like the different fruit, the battery also contains
acid. However, according to the vendors and farmers, some fruits are easily left on the
ground and rotten due to too much production and lack of harvesting procedures. If
the fruit is destroyed, the market will not be sold and will have an impact on the
export process. This situation should be addressed to improve the sustainable income
generation program for local vendors and the city.

The fruit electricity research aims to (1) decide if these different fruits can
actually produce electricity (2) to support families with the issue of rotten fruit on the
left. (3) to find the community's renewable energy source.

Conceptual Framework

Process:
Input: Observation Output:
Collection of data through
Fruits experimentation Amount of
Voltmeter
Tabulation of data
gathered electricity
Analysis and Interpretation

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

The schedule depicts the researchers' analysis. The researchers would first use
the electricity of the various fruit varieties by extracting it and calculating the voltage.
The scientists would then obey the experiment method and protocol. Finally, the
scientists can clarify how much energy from the fruit has been harvested. To generate
justifiable results in order to support those who profit from this research.

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Statement of the Problem

The main goal of the study is to use electricity from selected fruit to decide

which fruit contains high electrolytes that can be turned into an alternative energy

supply. Specially, this study seeks answer to the following questions:

1. What are the processes and procedure on converting the selected fruits into

electricity source?

2. What are the contents of Calamansi, Dalanghita, Dayap ( Lemon) Saba banana,

Indian Mango that could be feasible in harnessing electricity

3. What tools are applicable on harnessing electricity?

Significance of the Study

The aim of this study was to determine whether electricity from different fruit

types is available. It was essential to collect facts based on the researchers' processes

in order to obtain positive results. The findings of this study will be beneficial to the

following:

STUDENTS AND TEACHERS. This study may help students to gather more

knowledge about other uses of fruits, not only for food supply but also for harnessing

electricity. This will help them to explore more and discover benefits of fruits.

FARMERS. As the people know that fruits are possible for harnessing

electricity, they will consume more fruits, not just to eat it but also to use for

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electricity. The more the fruits consumed by the people, the more the planting of fruits

will be done by the farmers.

ENTREPRENEURS. This study may help those people who is planning to

open a business in fruits to make their business successful. Through this study, they

will get information that fruits has lot more benefits and it will help them to have

bigger profit.

COMMUNITY MEMBERS. This study will be beneficial to the members of

society because they will have knowledge that fruits is not just fruits, but also a

helpful tool in harnessing electricity. It will be beneficial especially to those who has

big amount of electric bill per month.

Scope and Delimitation

The research was performed on the electricity sources of Calamansi, Saba

Banana, Lime, Lemon and Indian mango. Find out can electricity can use among the

three fruits.

Definition of Terms

Terms here are conceptually and rationally defined for better understanding and

comprehension of the readers:

Electricity. Composition of positive and negative charge.

Electrolytes. A liquid substance that contains ions.

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Electrodes. Conductors where electricity flows.

Harness. To use a thing with specific aim.

Voltage. It is measured through volts. It is also the force of electrical current.

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In the study, new tools, new information and ideas were found about electricity
content of different fruits, even new combinations, processes or procedures were
created, ideas were explored together and the researchers worked on to make feasible.
The research concerns materials, a new alternative source of electricity and the
various fruits chosen to classify electricity content.

Foreign Literature

Certain fruits contains chemical substances which make it high in electrical

conductivity. According to Keely Murphy, Fruit is made up of a mixture of chemicals

that is called an electrolyte. An electrolyte allows charges to flow. An electrode is the

part of a cell through which charges enter or exit. A lemon also has wet cells which is

a reason why it acts like a battery and is able to produce voltage. Dry cells are paste

like or solid cells like the ones in a flashlight or a small radio. A lemon is able to

convert to a wet cell when copper and zinc are put in it. The lemon juice is the

electrolyte and the zinc and copper are electrodes. When both of them are put

together, they create an electrical energy. The zinc and copper are like the negative

terminal in the battery and the lemon is the positive terminal. The lemon has an acidic

quality and that is another reason why the lemon acts like a battery. It is also a reason

why it can produce voltage. A lemon is a citrus fruit, which has citric acid, and a

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battery also has acid. This is also true for other citrus fruits or fruits with a type of

acid in them. Just one lemon or one lime can’t light a light bulb because it doesn’t

produce enough voltage to do that. With four or five lemons or limes only a small

LED bulb can be lit. (Carl Academy 2014)

Each fruits have distinct electrical conductivity which can be appraised by

different processes. According to the researchers; Buddhi Prasad Lamsal and Vinod

Kumar Jindal, The variations in electrical conductivity of orange, pineapple and

tomato juices were evaluated during continuous ohmic heating process. Variations in

electrical conductivity of fruit juices from different market locations were found to

range between 10 to 20%. Electrical conductivity of fresh fruit juices was related,

with sufficient accuracy to measurement temperature and total soluble solids; unit

change in soluble solids had higher influence on electrical conductivity than unit

change in temperature. Such empirical relations could be easily employed to predict

electrical conductivity of juices, which will have bearing in the performance of ohmic

heating processes. Expecting the variation and absorbing them will be the main utility

of such relationships. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is a property of

(food) material that measures a material's ability to conduct an electric current. Ohmic

heating process is influenced, in a number of ways, by electrical conductivity of the

food material. Firstly, the electrical conductivity determines the local rate of heat

generation as, where, Q=σ Ε ❑2 the heat generated, E = the local electric field strength,

and Secondly, the global distribution of σ =¿electrical conductivity governs the field

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distribution, and hence, the local heating rate. This is because the electrical field obeys

Laplace equation and relates the electrical conductivity of material with both position

and temperature as∇ ( σ ∇ ν )=0; v being the applied voltage. Thus, the electrical

conductivity of food material is considered to be one of the important parameters

during the design of ohmic heating process. (Thailand, March 06 2014)

Electricity is a very important part of our modern world and none of the

modern technology we use today could exert without it. All of our modern dew

gadgets, appliances and electronics use the power of electricity to work. It is the

careful balance of parts of a circuit, batteries, wires and resistors; and the

completeness of a circuit, which allow electricity to be useful and not harmful.

In Emmanuel Okello's science project, he make a fruit battery and see how a

citrus fruit can make electricity. According to him, chemical energy stored in different

substances can be converted to electrical energy and this ability is foundation of

design of all batteries. Each battery has positive pole and negative pole. Electrons can

travel from the negative pole to the positive pole by the help of a conductor such as

wire. Electricity is the flow of electrons in a conductor and if large enough, it can light

up a light bulb. There are chemicals inside the battery which cause such chemical

reactions. These chemicals in general are called electrolytes.

Okello used zinc and copper as the electrodes. Zinc is an active metal and will

react readily with an acid. Acid's active ingredient is positively-charged hydrogen so a

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transfer of electrons takes place between the zinc and the acid. He did some

procedures and he concluded that fruits can be used as electrolytes to make batteries.

Making electricity from chemicals is based on the same scientific principles on

which all modern batteries work. Inserting copper and zinc electrodes in an acidic

liquid will produce some electricity from the chemical reaction between the electrodes

and electrolyte. The electricity produced can be displayed with the use of a multi-

meter that can show millivolts or low voltages. It may able to power up a 1.2 Volts

light bulb.

When beginning to explore the world of electricity, it is necessary to

understand the basics of voltage. According to S.B Kolhe, V.P Deshpande,A.A

Kshirsagar, Voltage can be defined as amount of potential energy between two points

on a circuit. It measures the electric current that travels from one end of a wire in a

circuit to the other end. One point has more charge than another. This difference in

charge between the two points is called voltage. The voltage between two points is

equal to the work done per unit of charge against a static electric field to move the test

charge between two points and is measured in units of volts. Voltage is basically the

push in an electrical current. More current in the circuit, more voltage is produced.

Cell is the basic unit to produce electricity. Battery has two or more cells.

Electrical force of a battery is called electromotive force (emf ). Each kind of

cell has particular emf. Battery or cell contains electrodes and electrolyte. An

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electrode is the part of a cell through which charges enter or exit. Each cell has a pair

of electrodes made up of conducting materials. Electrochemical reaction in electrolyte

produces electricity.

Austin Chong studied generation of electricity using citric fruits and potato.

Electrical conduction depends on ions. generated in electrolyte as per the view of

Miliani and Kamesh Mazloomi et.al. (2012). There is a chemical change between both

the electrodes and the electrolytes. These changes convert the chemical energy to

electrical energy. There are two kinds of cells in electricity. These two types of cells

are wet cells and dry cells. There are some chemicals in fruits that act as an

electrolyte. Citric fruits contain citric acid similar to battery acid. Jerry Goodisman

et.al. (2001) worked on lemon cells.

Some fruits have certain substances which helps it to generate electricity.

According to Erika Lindstorm on her Electric fruits research paper, her research she

have found out that certain fruits contain substances such as ascorbic acid, citric acid

and NADH (chemical that generates cellular energy). Under certain circumstances

these chemicals act as electrolytes and then undergo electrolysis. Electrolysis means a

chemical change produced by electric current passing through an electrolyte. The

electrons flow from the cathode through the electrolytes to the anode. The cathode is

the negative electrode, which could be the copper wire, and the anode is the positive

electrode, which could be the zinc wire.

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 This process generates electricity just the same way as a voltaic battery. Count

Alessandro Volta an Italian physicist, known for his pioneering work in electricity,

invented the voltaic battery in 1800. The voltaic pile was a forerunner of the electric

battery. The electrical unit known as the volt was named in his honor. Volta have

found out that certain fruits contain substances such as ascorbic acid, citric acid, and

NADH (a chemical that generates cellular energy). Under certain circumstances these

chemicals act as electrolytes and then undergo electrolysis. Electrolysis means a

chemical change produced by electric current passing through an electrolyte. The

electrons flow from the cathode through the electrolytes to the anode. The cathode is

the negative electrode, which could be the copper wire, and the anode is the positive

electrode, which could be the zinc wire.

This process generates electricity just the same way as a voltaic battery.

Voltage is measured in volts. Voltage is the force or pressure that cause a current to

flow in a circuit. A circuit is a path that goes from the positive force to the negative

force. Current is measured in AMPERES (amps.) Copper is a good conductor and has

free electrons of the outer ring that fly off constantly. Electrons from atoms nearby fill

in the holes. There are millions of electrons moving in all directions at the same time.

When voltage is applied across a conductor, it drives the free electrons away from the

negative force to the positive force. An amp is the number of electrons going past a

certain point in one second. To measure current you could use a Voltmeter using the

milliamp setting.

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Resistance is measured in ohms Ω. Resistance is how well something conducts

electricity. The lower resistance in a wire the better it will conduct electricity.

Copper has a lower resistance than other metals.

Fruits used in the experiments such as calamansi, saba banana, citrus, indian

mango, dalanghita and lemon contains different measurements of electrolyte that

makes it possible to create electricity. According to Sameer Madan, An electrolyte is a

fluid that contains free ions. They free possible donate positively charged hydrogen

atoms protons to solutions. Electrolytes is already present in fruit, you have to add

paired electrodes and some conducting wires to connect them. The electrodes need to

be made from dissimilar metals to create a potential difference between them. Zinc

and copper are a good pair. In a citric acid solution such as exists inside a lemon,

copper produces extra electrons. They flow through electrolytes to the zinc, where

they build up. When you connect the electrodes with a wire, the charges travel

through the wire back to the cooper electrode, thus completing the circuit. A

galvanized nail makes a great zinc electrode.

In the experiment, the acidity of fruit is directly proportional to its capability on

generating or creating electricity. According to Buzzle, The lemon will generate most

electricity because it is the most acidic. During the experiment, she found it difficult

to insert the penny into the fruit .The zinc nail was easy to stock in snice it had a

pointy end. The more acidic the fruit, the more electricity can generate.

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 In our modern society, there are lots of devices that can be used to convert

energy because of modern technology. According to Steve Panglers, Voltaic batteries

of all shapes and sizes are devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy.

Batteries are comprised of two different metals suspended in an acidic solution. With

the fruit power battery, the two metals are zinc and copper. The zinc is in the

galvanization on the nails, and the pennies are actually copper-plated zinc. The acid

comes from the critic acid inside each lemon. The two lemon metal components are

electrons, the parts of a battery where electrical current enters and leaves the battery.

With a zinc and copper setup, the electron flow is out of the penny (copper) and the

nail (zinc) through the acidic juice the lemon. In the exchange of electrons between

zinc and the copper over the acid bridge, copper accepts two electrons from zinc

which accounts for the current

Conversion of fruit to battery

Electric current is the flow of electrons of an electrical charge and is measured

using an ammeter. Voltage is the force that pushes the electrons through a circuit and

is measured in volts. When two dissimilar metals are placed in a common conducting

solution, electricity will be produced. This is the basis of the electrochemical or wet

cell. (Hulme,1970). In 1791, Luigi Galvani discovered electrical activity in the nerves

of the frogs that he was dissecting. He thought that electricity was of animal origin

and could be found only in living tissues. A few years later, in 1800 Alessandro Volta

discovered that electricity could be produced through organic means. In fact, by using

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small sheet of copper, zinc and cloth spacers soaked in an acid solution, Volta built

the first apparatus capable of producing electricity. (Gollner and Adam, 2010). There

are numerous sets of instructions for making fruit batteries and for obtaining

components such as Light Emitting Diode (LED), IJSER International Journal of

Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue1, January-2018 1748 ISSN 2229-

5518 IJSER 2018.

http://www.ijser.org electrical wires (multimeter), zinc coated (galvanized)

nails and screws. After the cell is assembled, a multimeter can be used to measure the

voltage or the electrical current from the voltaic cell. (Heiser, 2003). Zinc and copper

electrode are reasonably safe and easy to obtain. Other metals such as lead, iron,

magnesium can be studied as well; they yield different voltages than the copper or

zinc pair. But a magnesium electrode for the zinc electrode makes a cell with a large

voltage (1.5 – 1.6v), and single magnesium or copper cell will power some devices

(Naidu and Kamakshiah, 1995). In the research, fruit provides both the electrolyte and

a simple way support the electrodes. The acid involved in citrus fruits (lemon, orange,

grape fruits, etc.) is citric acid. The acidity which is measured by the pH varies

substantially (Watson and Preedy, 2010). In this research, Light Emitting Diode

(LED) is used to indicate fruit cell is generating an electric current. A LED is a

semiconductor device which converts electricity into light. An electric current can

flow only in one direction through LEDs which means that they have a positive and a

negative terminal (also referred as the anode and cathode). The cathode should be

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connected to the negative zinc metal strip and the anode to the positive copper strip

(Feldkamp and Susan, 2002).

An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution

when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water. The dissolved electrolyte separates

into cations and anions, which disperse uniformly through the solvent. Electrically,

such a solution are drawn to the electrode that has an abundance of electrons, while

the anions are drawn to the electrode that has a deficit of electrons. The movement of

anions and cations in opposite direction within the solution amounts to a current. This

includes most soluble salts, acids, and bases. Some gases, such as hydrogen chloride,

under conditions of high temperature or low temperature can also functions as

electrolytes. Electrolyte solutions can also result from the dissolution of some

biological (e.g., DNA, polypeptides) and synthetic polymers (e.g., polystyrene

sulfonates), termed “polyelectrolytes”, which contain charged functional groups. A

substance that dissociates into ions in solution acquires the capacity to conduct

electricity. Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate are

examples of electrolytes.

In medicine, electrolyte replacement is needed when a person has prolonged

vomiting or diarrhea, and as a response to strenuous athletic activity. Commercial

electrolyte solutions are available, particularly for sick children (such as oral

rehydration solution, Suero Oral, or Pedialyte) and athletes (sports drinks).

Electrolytes monitoring is important in the treatment of anorexia and bulimia.

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 Food conducts electricity” Fruits and vegetables contains important vitamins

and minerals human bodies need to survive and maintain themselves properly.

Interestingly same fruits and vegetables also contain a large amount of water and,

thus, can in some cases conduct electricity well other ingredients such as citric acid

and ascorbic acid increase the conductivity, and in some cases, the acidic content is

high enough to create voltage that can power small. Electronics.

Vegetable electricity conductors Potatoes, onions and tomatoes conduct

electricity well. Tomatoes are good conductors in the vegetables category, as they

have the highest acidity level. Scientist have shown potatoes work very well on

batteries. Acids makes ions, charged particles when placed in solution like water,

which many types of fruits and vegetables contain in abundance.

Fruit electricity conductors” Citrus fruits word as excellent conductors due,

again, to their high acidity level and the presence of water within them. Some of good

conductors include apples, grapefruit, oranges, lemons and limes.

Making a circuit with produce” When a fruit or vegetable is connected with

electrodes in a circuit, the fruit or vegetables serves as the battery to complete the

circuit. Some of them can even power small light bulbs for a time. Some researchers

have shown that a boiling potato for around eight minutes can increases its capacity as

a battery 10 times compared to a raw potato. Sandwiching a quarter of a boiled potato

between a copper cathode and a zinc anode can power a light bulb for 40 days.

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 Current and voltage” perhaps not surprisingly, several pieces of fruit or

vegetables connected in a parallel circuit creates a high current. If the fruit or

vegetables are connected in a series of arrangement, the voltage is increased. This in

return, can be used to power increasingly complex machines and electronics like

wristwatch. //sciencing.com//

WET CELL” consist of a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an

electrolyte, which conducts ions, atoms with an electric charge.

When two dissimilar metals are placed in a common conducting solution,

electricity will be produced, this is the basis of the electro-chemical cell, or wet cell.

In the early nineteenth century, Alessandro Volta used this fact of physics to invent

the voltaic pile and discovered the first practical method of generating electricity.

Constructed of alternating discs of zinc and copper metals with pieces of cardboard

soaked in a salt solution between the metals, his voltaic pile produced and electrical

current. Alessandro Volta’s voltaic pile was the first “wet cell battery” that produced

electricity.

Batteries” in 1800 Alessandro Volta invented the first battery, and scientists

have been working hard ever since improving previous designs. With all this work put

into batteries and all he frustrations you might have had coping with dead ones, it

might surprise you that you can easily make one.

Batteries are containers that store chemical energy, which can be converted to

electrical energy or electricity. They depend on an electrochemical reaction to do this.

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The reaction typically occurs between two pieces of metal called electrodes, and a

liquid or past, called and electrolyte. For a battery to work well, the electrodes must be

made up of two differently than the other with the electrolyte. This difference is what

generates electricity. Contact the two electrodes with a material that the electrodes

must be made up of two different types of materials. This ensures one will react

differently that the other electrolyte. This difference is what generates electricity.

Batteries store chemical energy and transform this energy into electricity. This

is how batteries make gadgets and electronics devices work, mobile phones, MP3

players, flashlights, and a whole lot more.

There are two main types of batteries based on the type of electrolyte it uses.

There is what we call the wet cell, which makes use of liquid electrolytes in the form

of a solution, and there is also what we call dry cell, which makes use of electrolytes

in the form of pastes. There are many more types of batteries available on the market

now, like carbon-zinc cell, nickel-cadmium cell, Edison cell and mercury cell.

Citrus fruits have an acidic content, and more acidic it is, the better it is for

conducting electricity. This is the reason why even though the nails were not touching

each other, your fruit battery still worked! The fruit contains positively charge ions.

When you inserted the galvanized or zinc nail into the fruit, the negatively charged

ions or the electrons started to move the fruit to the zinc nail thus leaving the protons

in the fruit. This transfer of electrons generates electricity as soon as you attach the

wires to the nail, and the bulb light up!

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 Chapter III

Methods of the Study

Project Design

The experimental research design which will be used using the main research

tool is often involved in laboratory testing. The samples for the voltages of the

different fruits are then prepared, the collected voltage checks whether a bulb can be

lit. In order to decide the highest necessary quantity of electrolytes, the materials will

then be taken in an exclusive examination. This offers a special case for a specific

incident. The goal of this form of sample design is the brilliance of the analysis under

review as much insight as possible.

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 CHAPTER IV

MATERIALS

List of Raw Materials

 Calamansi

 Banana (saba)

 Indian mango

 Lemon (citrus Lemon)

 Tools and equipment

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Calamansi

Figure 2. Calamansi

Calamansi is used in various applications such as whitening the skin as a result of its

high acidity levels and a very distinct alkalizing effect on the body, as shown in

Figure 4. It is also used as a drink at home, giving a sour taste to a cup. Calamansi will

be one of the electricity conductors in this report.

Banana (Saba)

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 Figure 3. Banana (Saba)

As shown in figure 3, Saba Banana can be an alternative for rice, it is one of the main

food used by the dieters as their option source of regular meal. Saba Banana is

commonly sold in the market as one of the top delicacies offered as merienda. It is

also one of the abundant fruits that can be found in the locality of Lucena. In the

study, banana is also used for harnessing electricity because of its electrolytes content.

Indian Mango

Figure 4. Indian Mango

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 As shown in figure 4, Indian mango can be used in different puposes for the

body and source of food. In this research the indian mango will be extracted to

determine the level of its electricity content. The indian mango will be brought to the

experimental room for further study.

Dalanghita

Figure 5

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 In figure 5 Citrus fruit is sold in the local market of Lucena and it is also one of

the plentiful fruits that can be found in the province. In this study it will be one of the

chosen fruits that will be measured by its electrolytes content

Lemon (Citrus Limon)

Figure 6

In figure 6 Lemon or Citrus Limon was sold in the local market of Lucena City

and sometimes was planted at the backyard. It is one of the fruits that was always

planted in the province because it is sold in a high amount. It serves as ingredients in

cooking food and also for beverages but in this study it is one of the various fruit that

was selected to determine the amount of electricity a fruit has.

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Lists of Materials, Tools and Equipment

Voltmeter & Ammeter

Figure 7

As shown in figure 7, Voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electrical

potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. While an ammeter is a

measuring device used to measure the electric current in a circuit. Both of the tools

became helpful to the researchers in gathering the amount of electrolytes of the

chosen fruits.

Multimeter
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 Figure 8

As shown in figure 8, multimeter is a digital meter that measures multiple things. It

acts like a bunch of different meters put together into one meter. A multimeter can be

used for different purposes. It carries an ammeter, a voltmeter and even a

thermometer. An ammeter measures the amount of electrical current that flows

through a circuit. To measure current, an ammeter is connected in series in the

current. This is so that the ammeter can measure all of the current. The greater the

current in the circuit the higher the numbers are on the multimeter. The multimeter

also carries a voltmeter.

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Copper Wire

Figure 9

As shown in figure 9, Copper wire is a bendable wire and also a tool used to

harness electricity because copper is a good conductor. In this study it will serve as

the transfer tool of electricity in the voltmeter, ammeter and multimeter.

Pliers

Figure 10

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 As shown in figure 10, Pliers is a various shaped hand tool having a pair

of pivoted jaws used for holding, bending or cutting. In this study it is used in cutting

the copper wire that will be a helpful tool in measuring electricity in the chosen fruits.

Beaker

Figure 11

As shown in figure 11, beaker is a deep wide-mouthed thin-walled vessel

usually with a lip for pouring with a flat bottom for mixing, measuring and pouring

that is used especially in science laboratories. In this study it will serve as the

container of the extracted juices of the various fruits.

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Weighing Scale

Figure 12

As shown in figure 12, weighing scale is a measuring instrument for

determining the weight or mass of an item. In this study the weighing scale is used as

a measuring tool of the fruits that will be harnessed later on.

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Peeler

Figure 13

As shown in figure 13, peeler is a kitchen tool consisting of a slotted metal blade

attached to a handle that is used for removing the skin from fruit and vegetables. A

pair is used to peel vegetables or fruits. In this study this kitchen tool will help the

researchers on peeling the cover of the fruits for extracting purposes.

Bulb

Figure 14

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 As shown in figure 14, bulb is a rounded storage or a teardrop shape which

gives out light when electricity passes through it and also a one filament gives off

light when heated to incandescence by an electric current. In this study the bulb will

be the evidence that various fruits truly contain electricity that lights bulb.

Juicer & Blender

Figure 15

As shown in figure 15, juicer is a tool used in extracting fruit juices it crushes,

grinds, and squeezes the juice out of the pulp while blender is an equipment that

mixes or grinds things into small and smooth particle. In this study the juicer and

blender made a big help for the researchers because they made their work a lot easier.

After blending and extracting the fruits on the juicer it will be brought on the

laboratory for testing.

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Nail

Figure 16

As shown in the figure 16, nails are used as a tool in pricking the selected fruits that

will used in connecting the copper wire that will conduct electricity from the fruits, in

result small bulb will lit.

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Wire Clamp

Figure 17

As shown in Figure 17, wire clamp is used as connector of wires to the selected fruits

that is also used a conductor in lighting a bulb because it is made out of metal.

A. Project Development

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 B. D.1. Preparation of the various fruits

Fruit from the natural environment of Lucena City were all the different fruits

chosen as electricity sources. One of the rich fruit of Quezon province is the Banana

Saba, Dalangjitas, Calamansi, Lemon and Indian Mango. In using electricity, the

juices extracted from the different fruits were essential.

The different fruits are cut out, squeezed, melted, peeled and removed, which is

placed on a basin for the first time. Secondly, it should be dried so the fruits should be

dried and completely removed without mixing water even a little. The liquid

substances are applied to the beaker after extraction of the juices.

CHAPTER 5

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 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
All the fruit to be used were rolled with the palm on a tabletop in order to loosen the
juice inside the fruit.
• A slit is made at one end of the fruit and the galvanized nail was deeply
inserted into the fruit carefully, the galvanized nail was made to get to the
center of the fruit but a little bit of it remain outside the fruit so that the
connecting wire or alligator clip can be attached to it.
• The voltage produced between the electrodes was measured by hooking two
alligator clip to the two electrodes and connecting one of the multimeter
terminals to the copper and the other terminal to the galvanized nail to measure
the volt present, when connected in series the two end of the alligator clip was
connected to the terminals of the multimeter.
• • All fruits were linked to an alligator movie. A pennie was attached to the
finish of the alligator and the other end was also connected to the penny of the
second fruit, the galvanized nail of the third fruit; so the connection continues
like this to the last fruit. The other end was also connected to the galvanized
nail of the fruit. The other two ends of the test are related to the LED. The LED
will light up after this link sequence. This battery consists of the various cells

Results and Discussion

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Table 1: Volts Measured from Fruits using different electrodes.
Electrodes
Fruits

Cu and Zn (volts) Cu and Steel (volts) Steel and Zn

(volts)
Calamansi 0.15 0.12 0.10

Banana (saba)
0.60 0.29 0.26

Indian mango 0.97 0.34 0.29

Lemon
0.59 0.25 0.30
Table 1 shows the voltage that was measured from different fruit such as;
calamansi, banana, Indian mango and lemon using the multimeter. Different
electrodes such as zinc, copper and steel was used to know which can generate high
voltage and it was discovered that the copper and zinc electrode generated a high
voltage than others. Also from table 1 lemon has the highest voltage.

Conclusion
The electrode reacts with the juice in the fruit and vegetable to generate
electricity and it was discovered that spoilt fruit produced highest voltage out of all
tested fruits. The further apart the electrode and the higher the acidity of the fruit,
determine the high value voltage. Copper and zinc electrode is the best for this
experiment. Also, the highest voltage recorded in lemon may be as a result of its
surface area and acidity. Instead of disposing all waste fruit or spoilt fruit they can be
converted to batteries to generate high voltages good enough to light / charge our
appliances of little volt at home. Such as our phones, touch light and batteries.

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 Evaluation/Questionnaire Form
Name (Optional):
Directions: Read each statement carefully. Put a check mark on each statement based from
your evaluation using the scale below.
4-Strongly Agree
3-Agree
2-Disagree
1-Strongly Disagree
4 3 2 1
Process of electricity through fruits
The fruits generates electricity:
Calamansi
Banana
Dalanghita
Lemon
It has application in everyday life

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