O LEVEL ENGLISH

NEXUS AND REVISION

GUIDE

QUESTION 4 [ REGISTERS]
 BY HAPPYMORE TAKUDZWA ALUFASI
0718 336 678

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Special thanks to Mr and Mrs Danai

Mazongonda

THIS BOOK IS MEANT FOR REVISIONS AND TO

TACKLE REGISTERS BARRIERS

For all o level english students

Proudly brought to you by

MERIT TIME STUDY CENTRE
15O3 SOUTHLEA PARK
HARARE
 TEL 0718 336 678

CONTENT
CHAPTER 1
notes

CHAPTER 2
TYPICAL EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 1 [INTRODUCTION TO REGISTERS

What is a Register
• is any form of language in relation with the given situation.
• Your language must be appropriate with the given situation in line with
African cultural values,nomes and perspectives.
• language can be verbal or non verbal

Factors which govern choice of Registers

• Setting – place , location and prevailing situation

• Social status

• Subject under discussion

• The intention one wishs to achieve [purpose]

 • The relationship between the two who are holding conversation
[degree of formality

ATTITUDE

• Refers is the way in which one respond towards a particular situation in line
with a complex mental state involving beliefs,feelings and values.
• A theoretical pose created for purpose.
• For instance South Africans have a negative attitude towards the
Zimbabweans.

Registers associated with attitude

POSITIVE

• Helpful–accomodating ,assistive,cooperative[kubatsira]

• Friendily–a chummily manner.[kuva munhu

akasununguka]

• Welcoming - cordial.[kuva munhu akasunguka]

• Appreciative-a favourable critical judgement.[kutenda

zvaitwa ne umwe]

• Supportive –encouraging,confirmative.[kutsigira]

• Encouraging – supportive,anciliary.[kutsigira]

• Sympathetic –a feeling result from stmpathy.[kuva netsitsi]

• Respectful –full of exhibiting respect.[kuva nerukudzo]

 • Proud –feeling of self-respect,measuring yourself
weath.[kudada nembiri yako]

• Courteous –exhibiting politeness manner that accepted society

usage.[kuvamunhu munyoro anotambira
zvinoitwa ne vamwe]

• Accommodating - helpful in bringing about a musically pleasing

adaptation.[kutambira dambudziko reumwe]

• Patient –charecterized by such enduarance.[kuva nemoyo

murefu]

• Sensitive –being susceptible to the attitudes,feelings,or

circumstance of others.[convincible][kunzwa dambudziko
reumwe]

• Tolerant- accept what other people says.[kunzwa

zvinotaurwa ne umwe]

NEGATIVE

• Dislike – a feeling of aversion or a inclination to withhold

approval from some person or group. [kusafafarira]

• Aggressive –showing determination and energetic

pursuit.Showing a violent manner.[kudenha]

• Hostile –charecterized by enmity.[kuvenga ]

• Uncaring – lacking affection ,unloving or without care or thought

for others. [kushaya hanya]

• Unfriendly –not easy to understand or not disposed to friendship.

[kusava munhu asina kusununguka]
 • Jealous –strongly wanting someone's position with hatred. [
kuva ne godo]

• Unforgiving –unable to forgive. [kusaregerera]

• Racism – discriminatory and abusive.[kusarudzana kwe

marudzi]

NB AVOID ONE WORD ANSWERS , WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN

SENTENCE FORM

Notes compiled by H T ALFAS 0718 336 678

''IT'S BETTER TO STUDY AND FAIL RATHER THAN TO FAIL TO STUDY''

MANNER
• A way of doing thing , how one produces an action ,how an action is
detected towards something with intentions to please or show
displeasure at him.
• In other words the action can be at conflict with values , morals , ethics,
or forms of the society.
• It then develops into charecter.

Reasons associated with manner

POSITIVE
• Good natured - kindly , friendly
• Persuasive - power to influence.
• Generous - lavish [willing to give]
 • Patient - waiting for a long time.
• Considerate - thoughtful [ careful not hurt others]
• Dignified - calm and serious , deserving respect.
• Tactful - diplomatic.
• Humble modest -marked by simplicity.
• Polite - showing regard of others in speech and behaviour.
• Sencere - open and genuine , not deceitful.
• Concerned - touched.
• Accommodative- willing to accept.
• Pertinent -

NEGATIVE
• Impolite - OPPOSITE POLITE.
• Inconsiderate - OPPOSITE CONSIDERATE.
• Impatient - OPPOSITE PATIENT.
• Insincere - OPPOSITE SINCERE.
• Unconcerned - OPPOSITE CONCERN
• Timid - shy not brave
• Humiliating - feel ashamed and stupid.

Notes compiled by H T ALFAS 0718 336 678

''IT IS BETTER TO STUDY AND FAIL RATHER THAN TO FAIL TO STUDY''

REACTION
 • Is the response of an individual or a group to a given situation evoked by
some experience.

Factors which affect the speed and rate of reaction

i. Mood - The prevailing psycological state determines how an individual

or group is likely to react.If the mood of the one who utters an
statement is ecstatic ,the reaction of the receiver is likely to be positive
as far as psycological perspectives are concerned .It is clear that , if the
prevailing psycological state is sullen the reaction off the receiver is
likely to be negative.However, also according to the sociological
evidence in the society some people are kind and some of them are
beastly mannered,the later and the former are likely to react vice
versa.If the mood of the receiver is positive ,he or she is likely to react
positively the opposite is true if the mood is negative.

ii. Reason- The explanation of the cause of some phenomenon and an

anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned
actions is of fundamental significant in detemining the reaction of the
receiver . If one utters an statement with an intention to mock , the
 receiver is likely to respond in a illogical manner.But when one utters a
statement intending to relieve, the receiver is likely to react in a logical
manner,If the receive intended to mock the one who utters an
statement it is clear that the reaction will be negative the opposite is
true when the receiver intended to releive .However also due to
pycological and sociological difference some people likely to react vice
versa.

iii. Character - The inherent complex of attributes that determines a

person's moral and actions determines the nature of reaction.if the
utter had a positive character , the receiver is likely to respond in a
positive manner,the opposite is true when the character is negative
.Also the character of the receiver also determines his/her reaction to
the situation.However due to the difference of psycology and sociology
some people react vice versa.

iv. Attitude - The complex mental state involving beliefs, feelings ,

disposition to act in certain ways also determines the reaction .If the
utter had a positive attitude ,the receiver is likely to react in a positive
 manner,the opposite is true when the attitude is negative .Also the
attitude of the receiver also determines reaction.However due to
psycological and sociological difference some people react vice versa.

v. Manner - The way of acting or bevaving , also determines the reaction

.see notes on character.

vi. Feeling - THE CHARACTER,MOOD ,ATTITUDE AND THE REASON ,

create a experiencing of affective and emotional states and vague idea
in which some confidence are placed this wiill finally determine how to
react .If the receiver had a negative feeling towards the utter it is clear
that the reaction is negative.The opposite is true when the feeling is
positive.
• Reaction could be either positive or negative

Registers associated with reaction

POSITIVE

• Surprised – is the astonishment one feels when something totaly

unexpected happens. [ kushamiswa]
 • Delighted- a feeling of extreme pleasure or
satisfaction.[kufadzwa pamwe ne kunyatso
gutsikana]

• Diplomatic - negotions[kutaurirana]

• Supported - sustained or maintained by aid.[kutsigirwa]

• Pleaded - to appeal[kukumbira]

• Approval of the idea - a feeling of liking something and

acceptance as statisfactory.[kubvumira mushure
wagutsikana]

• Persuading - causing someone to adopt a certain position ,to twist

somebody's arm.[kuita kuti munhu abvume
zvaurikuda uchishandisa hungwaru]

• Helpful- provide assistance[see the previous chapters]

• Encouraged - [see the above chapters]

• Well wishing – an expression of good will from one person to

another[kukutarisira zvakanaka]

• Praise – [kurumbidza]

NEGATIVE

• Alarmed – [kuvhundutswa nechimwe chinhu]

• Unmoved --[kusava ne hanya]

• Uncaring – [see on attitude]

• Unfriendly – [see on attitude ]

 • Rudely –[kushaya hunhu kutadza kuterera]

• Angrily [kugumbuka ]

• Threatening - [kuvhundutsira , kuchikidzira]

• Aggrieved – [kurwadziwa]
• Annoyed[see above chapters]
• Put blame on
• Take issue with
• Offended [see insulted]
• Hurt [see bored]
• Disappointed
• Threateningly
• Disapproval [opposite of approval

Notes explained by H ALFAS 0718 336 678

IT IS BETTER TO STUDY AND FAIL RATHER THAN TO FAIL TO STUDY

FEELING

• Feelings are generated from emotions that triggers sensations in the

body.

Registers associated with feelings

POSITIVE
 • Hopeful – full of promise [ kuva ne tariro]

• Relieved - [kusununguka]

• Confident – very sure[kuva ne rutendo ne zvaurikuita

]

• Intrested –[kuva ne chido]

• Satisfied –[kugutsikana]

• Pleased – [happy]

• Delighted – [see above]

• Ecstatic – [happy]

• Confident – to trust yourself on what you are doing

• Comforted – [kugadzikana]

• On top of the world

• Consoled –comforted
• Reasoning –understanding
• Excited – happy
• Caring – above chapters

NEGATIVE
• Annoyed – [ kubhohwekana]
• Insulted - [ zvaunonzwa kana wapedza kupopoterwa]
• Stressed – [kufungisisa ne dambudziko]
• Disappointed – [ kubatikana , zvawanga ungifungira hazvina
kufamba negwara]
• Humiliated – [kunyadziswa]
 • Nervous –
• Bored
• Disheartened
• Dejected
• Looked down upon
• Embarrassed
• Disheartened –lose hope or confidence
• Dejected – unhappy
• Despised – regarded as worthless[kuonekwa se munhu asina
basa]
• Nervous –afraid
• Frightened –afraid
• Demoralised – lose of hope and confidence
• Frustrated – annoyed , disappointed
NB STUDENTS MUST AVOID TO USE GOOD OR BAD

Notes explained by H ALFAS O718 336 678

IT IS BETTER TO STUDY AND FAIL RATHER THAN TO FAIL TO study

REASON
• A question requires one to provide a reason why something happened the
way it did.
• The questions would be as follows
 • Give two different reasons why …….
• Suggest two different reasons why ….
• State two different reasons why …

Reasons for certain communications

i. to give an advice.

ii. to get rid of you.

iii. wish you well.

iv. to ask for help.

v. to show approval or disapproval.

vi. to express an opnion.

vii. to show annoyance.

viii. to punish

ix. to thank

NB CANDIDATES ARE REQUIRED TO GIVE TWO SEPARATE

ANSWERS ONE MUST BE POSITIVE AND ANOTHER MUST
BE NEGATIVE
• [i] is the true opposite of [ii]
• [ii] is the true opposite of [i]

Notes compiled by H T ALFAS 0718 336 678

STRATEGY
• An elaborate and systematic plan of action with intention to ask for
help,giving advice,to show disapproval or approval,express an opnion ,to
show annoyance.
• For example a boy proposing a girl can use fiction to won the heart of the
girl ,fiction is the strategy

IT IS BETTER TO STUDY AND FAIL RATHER TO FAIL TO STUDY

TONE
• A particular emotion detected in quality

Registers associated with tone.

POSITIVE

• Amicable - done or archieved in a polite way without arguing.

• Light hearted - cheerful without problems.

• Pleasant - affording pleasure.

 • Elevated - high moral and intelectual values

• Cheerful - showing good spirits , playful,ligtsome,sunny or

simely.
NB; YOU CAN ALSO USE POSITIVE REGISTERS ASSOCIATED
WITH MOOD
NEGATIVE
• Defiant - open refusal of obedience in a aggresive manner.
• Cynical - believing the worst nature of human nature and
motives or selflessness of others.
• Savage - brutal
• Sardonic - mocking [showing you are better than other people]
• Sarcastic - use of words opposite what you mean inorder to be
unpleasant or make fun of.
• Aggressive -
NB ; YOU CAN ALSO USE NEGATIVE REGISTERS ASSOCIATED
WITH MOOD

Notes compiled by H T ALFAS 0718 336 678

MOOD

• Refers to the prevailing atmosphere.

• A mood comes from the tone of the speaker
• It could be either positive or negative

Registers associated with mood

POSITIVE This are registers associated with a happy mood
• Happy - enjoying or marked by pleasure
• Relaxed - become less tense
• Joyful
• Excited
• Merry
• Ecstatic

NEGATIVEthis are registers associated with a sad atmosphere

• Sullen
• Gloomy
• Sombre
• Sorrowful
• Hostile
• Bitter

Notes explained by H ALFAS O718 336 678

CHARACTER

• Is the way a person behaves ,how he or she conducts him/herself.Each

person has a unique pattern of charecteristics of pecuilar to him or her.

• The character of a person is determined by mood,tone,tone

attitude,manner .....

Registers associated with character

POSITIVE Tolerant - accept what other people say.

 • optimistic

• pessimistic

• candid

• generous

• reliable

• pleasant

• sincere

• patient

• decent

NEGATIVE this are registers associated with ill manners.

• boastful
• stubborn
• egostistic
• cruel
• threatening
• bigoted

CHAPTER 3 TYPICAL EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS [ZIMSEC]
Question You go fishing with your friends for the first time.While your
friends catching fish ,you managed to catch only frogs .One of your friends
says;

''No one eats frog here.''

''Try another spot''

How would you feel about each statement
Number your answers separately [i] and [ii]

Possible answer

[i] I feel hurt [ demoralised,upset,offended]

[ii] I will be hopeful [supported opmistic]

Question At times you like to play the clown.You turn at a formal birthday
party in overalls .Two of your friends says;

'' Hey,Don't you look smart today''

''This is a formal party'

For what reason might each of the statement have been uttered
Number your answers separately [i] and [ii]
Possible answer

[i] The statement might be uttered to make fun of the dressing

[ironical]

[ii] The statement might be uttered to show disapproval

Question It's your mothers 40th birthday ,One of your relatives says;

''Forty gone ,only a few left'

Another says;

''Forty gone,a good more forty to go''

In each case ,say how your mother would feel .
Number your answers seperately [i] and [ii]

Possible answers

[i] mother would feel disheartened [dispondent or discouraged]

[ii] mother would feel delighted [happy,gratified]

Question You forgot to deliver an important telephone to your .When she

asks about it ,you say;
''I am sorry mother but my homework drove it right out of my head .''

''Oh well,I had my home of first''

What will be your mothers feeling in each case.
Number your answers seperately [i] and [ii]

Possible answers

[i] My respond will pacify my mother [calm]

[ii] My respond wiill anger my mother [annoy / offend]

Question You are at the end of second term in your final ''O' Level year and
you ask your teacher , why only half of the syllabus has been covered .He says;

''Dont worry I'll conduct holiday classes to catch you up .You're in good hands
you know.''

''What's this,Are you trying to be the teacher here''

In each case ,say what the student would feel about the teachers
response to the question
Number your answer seperately [i] and [ii]

Possible answers

[i] the student will feel relieved [ hopeful , reassured]

[ii] the student will feel humiliated [ angered or let down]

Question You arrive home suddenely from school , complain of stomarch

pains.

Your father says; '' What is this time''

Your brother says; '' It must have been something you had for lunch.You will
better soon.''
What is the attitude of ;
[i] Your father
[ii] Your brother

Possible answers

[i] father is uncorncerned with my stomarch pains [ unsympathetic

and uncaring]

[ii] Brother sympathise with my stomarch pains [concerned and

caring]

Question You are having lunch with your family at a local cafe, when your
daughter asks;
'' Mummy , are you coming here for lunch again''
Suggest two different reasons why your child would say this
Number your answers separately [i] and [ii]

Possible answers

i. Maybe the service was good and she had enjoyed the meal.

ii. Maybe the service was unsatisfactory ,the food was costly or
poorly cooked.

Question You walk into a clothing shop aand ask for the spotswear
department .An assistant in the shop says ;

'' I'll come with you''

Give two different reasons why the assistant says so.
Number your answers [i] and [ii]

Possible answer

i. Maybe the assistant wants to help ,guide me.

ii. For security reasons

by ALFAS 0718 336 678

Question You go to district administrator office to make enquires about
replacing a lost certificate the clerk says

''I am not here to serve careless people so do not try offering to pay''

“Certainly, I can replace it , but I’m afraid you have to pay a fee''
What does each statement reveals about the clerk's attitude towards
your request.
Number your answers separately [i] and [ii]

Possible answers

i. The clerk is unsympathetic/unhelpful towards my request.

ii. The clerk is sympathetic/helpful towards my request.

Question You go to work one morning wearing one of your favourite outfits.
a colleague comments;

“I admire your simple taste’’

Give two different reasons why your colleague should say that
Number your answer [i] and [ii]

Possible answer

i. He like the way I dress or maybe the dress is attractive.

 ii. He dislikes the dress ,he is despising the dress

Question Your home telephone rings and you pick up the receiver .The
person the caller asks for unknown to you say;

“Never heard of him''

''I’m sorry ,but I think you’ve dialed the wrong number''

What does each utterance shows the reciepent your character.
Number your answer separately [i] and [ii]

Possible answers

i. rude, discourteous , impolite , unfriendly.

ii. polite ,courteous

Question Your sister is learning to bake a cake but what she had produced is
not very good, you say

''Why don’t you join the building brigade? They need bricks like this '
''This isn’t bad for a first attempt .Next time try to measure out the
ingredients a bit carefully”
What will be your sister reaction to each of these statement?
Number your answers separately

Possible answers

i. My sister will feel offended , hurt. pained, disappointed

ii. My sister will feel encouraged, supported.

Question You do very well in your mid-year examinations .Two different

teachers comments on your report

“A surprising performance”

''Well done keep it up''

What is the teacher s attitude in each case to your effort?
Number your answers separately [i] and [ii]

Possible answers

i. the teacher is amaized , surprised,or he doubt your performance

ii. the teacher is pleased, delighted , encouraging my efforts.

avoid one word answers

Question Your class is making noise .A prefect walks in and orders you to
keep quite , but trips and knocks her forehead against the wall as she goes
out . You say;

''You have not hurt yourself , have you''

''Who is going to be punished for that ''

Say how the prefect would feel in each case
Number your answers separately [i] and [ii]

Possible answers

i. the prefect will be comforted, accepted, consoled , relieved.

ii. the prefect will feel hurt, embarrassed, angry, unwanted.

compiled by H Alfas 0718 336 678 ''IT IS BETTER TO STUDY AND FAIL RATHER TO FAIL TO STUDY

Question One day you ask your parents permission to go and study with
your friend in evenings .Your father remarks

''What a good idea , You ought to get a lot of work done together''

''All right but I hope you get a lot of work done together'
In each case what would be your father attitude towards your request
Number your answers separately [i] and [ii]

Possible answers
 i. He is supportive/encouraging/pleased with the idea

ii. he does not believe that you go out to study/he suspects you
spend most of time playing with friends.

Question In mathematics test , a girl comes top of the class .The maths
teacher says

''That was excellent ,Chipo''

''Hey boys how can you be beaten by a girl ''

In each case say how the girl would feel
Number your answers separately [i] and [ii]

Possible answer

i. the girl would feel very happy/proud of her /delighted.

ii. the giirl would feel humiliated /hurt/offended/small angered

Question You are shopping with your mother ,you pick out a pair of shoes
but she objects to your choice .You say;

''But mother all my friends are wearing shoes like these ,would you want me
to look out of place , would you?''
''If I can’t have these shoes ,then forget thne whole thing you don’t know
what young people are wearing these days''

In each case say what tactic are you using to get your mother to buy the
shoes. number your answers separately
Possible answers

i. persuading/appealing for sympathy\trying to convince her

ii. try to force her to buy/trying to put blame on her

0718 336 678

HAPPYMORE TAKUDZWA ALUFASI IS AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

AND LITERATURE TEACHER

AT REVELATION COLLEGE ,SOUTHLEA PARK