PHILIPPINE

SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Historical Background of Science and Technology in the Philippines

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 Henry Otley Beyer
an American anthropologist &
archaeologist
helped reconstruct a picture of
the past through his accounts of
his archaeological findings
resolve the dilemma of
chronology in prehistoric research
through lithic studies in 1920s.
Pre-contact times passed 3 distinct stages

A. The Stone
(Paleolithic to
Neolithic) Age

C. The Porcelain Age

Pieces of Evidences
1. number of lithic assemblages & artifacts found in recent excavations in the
islands of Davao, Palawan, Mindanao, & Luzon since 2000

2. sixty (60) prehistoric tools recovered in the late 19 th & early 20th century
discovered between 1926 & 1948 in the southwestern part of Luzon, Visayas,
& the Sulu archipelago.

3. relics from prehistoric ages of man found during explorations in the

eastern shore of Laguna de Bay, Tanay, & Bulacan province
4. ancient technology (Marinduque islands) in caves & open burial
sites

a. earthenware e. wooden & metal implements

b. semistoneware f. carved wooden image
c. glazed burial jars with g. ornaments of metal
human skeletal remains h. shell & glass
d. carved wooden coffins

5. a nest of Fe weapons uncovered accidentally containing pottery

sherds & several dozen beads in Novaliches & Rizal
6. Chinese oriental wares, potteries, glazes, & decoration
(Visayas, Palawan, Sulu) – indication of Chinese ancient
technology in the Phil.
More evidences collected from Sorsogon, Batangas, Tayabas (now
Quezon province) & Masbate.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (1521-1898) : SCIENCE EDUCATION BEGINS

1. Field of engineering : construction of government buildings,

churches, bridges, forts, hospitals, schools, & town halls. Introduced
the use of concrete & manufacture of cement, bricks, & lime.
2. Spanish missionaries established parish schools (primary schools).
 Science was introduced in agriculture, sanitation, manufacture
of simple machines from native plants, & the cultivation of
sugar cane.
 Science education progressed as formal education * scientific
institutions were introduced only to a privileged few.
 Bachelor of Arts (AB) Degree : science subjects include
astronomy, physics, chemistry, & mathematics (geometry,
algebra, trigonometry)
 Formal Educational institutions:
a. Colegio de Cebu (now USC) 1597
b. Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Rosario (now
UST) 1611
c. Colegio de San Jose de Letran 1706
⊷ Ateneo Municipal de Manila 1859
 Priority program : Medicine with focus on Biology
 One of the Popular courses : Pharmacy
 Contributors to Science during the 19th century:
a. Botanist, Fr. Ignacio Mercado
b. Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
c. Dr. Leon Ma. Guerrero
d. Chemist/pharmacist, Anacleto del Rosario
e. Medicine scholars, Dr. Manuel Guerrero, Dr. Jose Montes, Dr.
Elrodario Mercado
Note : Opening of Suez Canal gave opportunity for some Filipinos to study in
Europe. Among them were : Dr. Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo
H. del Pilar
 AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1898-194)
: BIRTH OF RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT

 American established a military government

 Priority missions : improve the
public education and address the
unsatisfactory health & sanitary
conditions
 Education : the most vital contribution of the
Americans
* July 1, 1901 : established the Bureau
of Government Laboratories (now NIST): dealt
with the study of tropical diseases &
laboratory
Oct. 26, 1905 replaced bF Bureau ot

:
Science t On /! 8rtcuIture, healih 8
food
yOppSeg

: ***a +ke d the rudimen ts of R a D

in the Phil
: became the primary resear ch cente r of
the
: produce quality research works 6 led
to the creation of the Philippine Journal of Science in
1906 (the leading scientific journal in the Pacific
Region in 1909)
 of
Aug 3, 190b : ahe Bureau became the custodian
Sta nda rds of Weigh ts a Meas urements
i nternational
* 1905-1906 : the golden years for Philippine Science
: science/scientific activities were intensified
with grants to support deserving Filipino scientists &
students for further studies in US
* 1908 & onwards : UP system was created with various S
& T-related agencies & laboratories
: the Bureau became the training ground
for Filipino scientists
* Dec. 8, 1933 : creation of the National Research Council of
the Philippines (NRCP)
: to promote & support basic research in
the country along with various scientific disciplines
including education & international policies, mathematics,
medicine, pharmacy, biology, agriculture & forestry,
engineering & industry, physics, chemistry, earth &
space sciences, veterinary, social sciences, &
humanities.

Note : WW II interrupted the development of S & T

o Fear of death & threat to hunger motivated efforts
on food processing .
o Marked the most unproductive period in research
 THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES :
REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCION

1946 - Republic of the Philippines was established

Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing – inventor of “Quink”ink , sold his invention to
Parker Pen Co.
June 13, 1958 – Pres Carlos P. Garcia
- Philippine Congress passed the Science Act of 1958
- National Science Development Board (NSDB) formulate all science
policies
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 ⊷ More agencies
 1961 - Philippine Academy of Sciences & Humanities (PASH)
 Post Commonwealth Era – Pre. Marcos gave higher importance to science
 1973 Philippine Constitution, Art. XV, Sec 9 (1) “advancement of S & T shall
have priority in the National Development.”
 Dec. 16, 1976 – PD#1003 & 1003A – creation of the National Scientist Award &
the creation of National Academy of Science & Technology (NAST)

1986 – Department of Science & Technology (DOST)

was established under EO#128 by former Pres.
Corazon C. Aquino.
DOST : massive technology transfer activities
Aug 8, 1988 – C. Aquino created the , specific interventions through various
Presidential Task Force ( PTF) for S & T which programs, such as Comprehensive
came up with the first Science & Technology Technology Transfer & Commerccialization
Master Plan (STMP). Goal : to achieve newly (CTTC)
industrialized country status by 2000
 Ramos administration: DOST initiated a Science & Technology Agenda for National
Development (STAND) – country’s technology development plan

Export winners: Domestic Needs

1. computer software 1. food

2. fashion accessories 2. housing
3. gifts 3. health
4. toys 4. Clothing
5. Houseware 5. transportation
6. Marine products 6. Communication
7. Metal fabrications 7. Disaster mitigation
8. Furniture 8. Defense
9. Dried fruits
additional support industries
Packaging, chemicals, metals
 Recent S & T Framework Plan - Competence,
Competitiveness, Conscience : The MediUM Term Plan of S &
T (1999-2004)

Six (6) Flagship Programs:

1. comprehensive program to enhance technology enterprises
2. integrated program on clean technologies
3. establishment of a packaging R & D center
4. expansion of regional meteorology centers
5. S & T intervention program for poor, vULnerable & disabled
6. comprehensive S & T program for Mindanao
 Note : Arroyo administration, up to this time, DOST(2009), “has twin
mandate of providing central direction, leadership & coordination of all
scientific & technological efforts in the country & at the same time
ensuring that the results are geared & utilized in areas of maximum
economic & social benefit for the people.”

⊷ Jan. 21, 2013 – the Enhanced Basic Education Act 0f 2012 through
Senate Bill #3286.
⊷ Nov. 19, 2012 – enactment into law to institutionalize the
additional two years of SHS.
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CONTEMPORARY FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
1. Angel C. Alcala

Alcala was named a National

Scientist of the Philippines in
2014 for his research into
Philippine amphibians and
reptiles, as well as the
conservation of marine-protected
areas.

(Photo: Silliman University

2.Ramon Cabanos Barba

Barba was named a National

Scientist of the Philippines in
2014 for inventing a way to
induce flowering in mango
trees regardless of season,
boosting the local mango
industry.

(Photo: World Intellectual Property

3 . Tetchi-Cruz Capellan

Cruz-Capellan, the CEO of

Philippine renewable energy
provider SunAsia Energy Inc. and
founder of the Philippine Solar Power
Alliance, hopes to grow the solar
power industry in the Philippines.
She first became acquainted with
solar power as the country director
of a rural electrification project
funded by the USAID.
4. Edgardo D. Gomez

Gomez led the world’s first

national-scale assessment of
damage to coral reefs, work
which led to him being conferred
the title of National Scientist of
the Philippines in 2014.

(Photo: Gil Jacinto/University of

the Philippines, Marine Science
Institute)
 5.Alfredo Mahar Lagmay

Lagmay, a professor at the National

Institute of Geological Sciences,
University of the Philippines Diliman,
received the 2015 Plinius Medal from the
European Geosciences Union for his
research into natural hazards and
disasters in the Philippines, in particular
volcanic hazards, earthquakes, typhoons,
landslides and floods.

He is also executive director of the Department of Science and Technology

Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH), a flagship program for disaster
risk reduction and management in the Philippines. (Photo: University of Philippines
Diliman)
6. Aisa Mijeno

Mijeno is a professor of
engineering at De La Salle
University—Lipa in the
Philippines. Together with her
brother Ralph, she co-founded
Sustainable Alternative Lighting
(SALt), a social enterprise that
is developing an LED lamp that
runs on just table salt and
water. (Photo: Aisa MIjeno
7. Reina Reyes

Reyes has been called “The

Filipina who proved Einstein
right” after her work
confirming Albert Einstein’s
Theory of Relativity on a
cosmic scale in 2010 during
her Ph.D. studies in the
United States. Reyes
currently works as an
independent data scientist
consulting for private
companies.
8. Gavino Cajulao Trono Jr.

Trono was conferred the honor

of National Scientist of the
Philippines in 2014 for his
research into tropical marine
phycology with a focus on
seaweed biodiversity.

(Photo: Presidential
Communications Operations
Office, the Philippines)
 Science policy refers to the “collective measures taken by a
government in order to encourage the development of scientific and
technical research & to exploit the results of this research for general
political objectives. It can be analytically divided into:
 policy for (or in) science designed to foster research and the growth of
knowledge; and
 policy through science which involves the exploitation/application of
the fruits of science & technology in various areas of public concern such
as public health, pollution, urban problems, and the like.
Philippine Constitution Of 1987, Article XIV, Section 10
Declared The Policy Of The State To
“ Give Priority To Research And Development, Invention,
Innovation, & Their Utilization; And To Science & Technology
Education, Training & Services. It Shall Support Indigenous,
Appropriate, & Self-reliant Scientific & Technological Capabilities
& Their Application To The Country’s Productive Systems And
National Life.”
DOST (originally established as National Science and
Development Board) : mandated to provide direction to all S & T
initiatives.
Functions & responsibilities of DOST as stated in EO128 signed
on January 30, 1987:
 pursue the declared state policy of supporting local
scientific& technological effort,
 develop local capability to achieve technological self-
reliance,
and
 encourage greater private sector participation in research
and development
Support System of DOST :
Three (3) Councils
PCAARD : Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources R & D
PCIEERD : Philippine Council for Industry,Energy and Emerging Technology
Research and Development
PCHRD : Philippine Council for Health Research and Development

Two (2) Collegial and Scientific Bodies

NAST : National Academy of Science and Technology
NRCP : National Research Council of the Philippines

Seven (7) R & D Institutes

ASTI : Advanced Science and Technology Institute
FNRI : Food and Nutrition Research Institute
FPRD : Forest Products Research and Development Institute
ITDI : Industrial Technology Development Institute
MIRDC : Metals Industry Research and Development Center
PNRI : Philippine Nuclear Research Institute
PTRI : Philippine Textile Research Institute
 Note : Each agency has R & D agenda anchored on Duterte’s Socioeconomic
Agenda (Ambisyon Natin 2040) and aligned with the current Philippine
Development Plan.
For 2017 – 2022, the National Integrated Basic Research Agenda (NIBRA)
will prioritize fundamental research in support of the Philippine Development
Plan, the National Security Plan and the Science for Change Program led by
DOST:

1. Water Security - TUBIG Program (Tubig ay Buhayin at Ingatan)

2. Food and Nutrition Security - SAPAT Program (Saganang Pagkain
Para Sa Lahat)
3. Health Sufficiency - LIKAS Program (LikasYaman saKalusugan)
4. Clean Energy - ALERT Program (Alternative Energy Research Trends)
5. Sustainable Community - SAKLAW Program (SaklolosaLawa)
6. Inclusive Nation-Building - ATIN Program (AngTinigNatin)
 Other policies in effect through DOST:

 On Renewable Energy
RA 9513 The Renewable energy Act of 2008
RA 9367 The Biofuels Law
 On Technology Transfer
RA 10055 Technology Transfer Act of 2009
EO #47 Creating ICTO (Information and
Communications Technology Office)
 On Intellectual Property
RA 8293 Intellectual Property Code of the
Philippines
RA 7459 Investors and Invention Incentives Act
o the Philippines
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TOGETHER THEY ACT TO ACHIEVE THE GOALS SET AS MANDATED BY THE
CONSTITUTION.
 Thanks!
Any questions?

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