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Rahul Singh - 66 - Expt - 3

The document is a lab manual for a mobile communications systems course. It describes an experiment comparing path loss calculated using the two-ray ground reflection model versus the free space propagation model. The objectives are to analyze the two-ray model and compare it to the free space model. The theory section explains the free space and two-ray models. The experiment has students calculate path loss using the models in Scilab and compare the results. It concludes that path loss increases with distance and is higher in the two-ray model versus the free space model.

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67 views6 pages

Rahul Singh - 66 - Expt - 3

The document is a lab manual for a mobile communications systems course. It describes an experiment comparing path loss calculated using the two-ray ground reflection model versus the free space propagation model. The objectives are to analyze the two-ray model and compare it to the free space model. The theory section explains the free space and two-ray models. The experiment has students calculate path loss using the models in Scilab and compare the results. It concludes that path loss increases with distance and is higher in the two-ray model versus the free space model.

Uploaded by

Rahul Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B.E. (EXTC) VII Dept.

of EXTC
Don Bosco Institute of Technology

Subject- Mobile Communications System

Lab Manual

Student name: Rahul Singh Date of Performance: 07 September 2021


Roll No: 66 Date of Completion: 07 September 2021
Batch: B Course / Year: BE EXTC, AY 2019-20

Title- Two ray ground reflection model


Aim - To find Path Loss using two ray ground reflection model and compare with free Space
propagation model.

Objectives: Students will analyse two ray ground reflection model and compare with free Space
propagation model.

Theory:
Free Space Propagation Model:
Although EM signals when traveling through wireless channels experience fading effects due to
various effects, but in some cases the transmission is with a direct line of sight such as in satellite
communication. Free space model predicts that the received power decays as negative square root
of the distance.
Fries free space equation is given by

Where Pt is the transmitted power, PR(d) is the received power, Gt is the transmitter antenna gain,
Gr is the receiver antenna gain, d is the Tx-Rx separation and L is the system loss factor depended
upon line attenuation, filter losses and antenna losses and not related to propagation.

The gain of the antenna is related to the effective aperture of the antenna which in turn is dependent
upon the physical size of the antenna as given below

The path loss, representing the attenuation suffered by the signal as it travels through the wireless
channel is given by the difference of the transmitted and received power in dB and is expressed as
B.E. (EXTC) VII Dept. of EXTC
Don Bosco Institute of Technology

Subject- Mobile Communications System

Lab Manual

The fields of an antenna can broadly be classified in two regions, the far field and the near field.

It is in the far field that the propagating waves act as plane waves and the power decays inversely
with distance. The far field region is also termed as Fraunhofer region and the Fries equation
holds in this region. Hence, the Fries equation is used only beyond the far field distance, df ,
which is dependent upon the largest dimension of the antenna as

Also, we can see that the Fries equation is not defined for d=0. For this reason, we use a close in
distance, do, as a reference point. The power received, PR(d), is then given by:

Two ray ground reflection model:

A single line-of-sight path between two mobile nodes is seldom the only means of probation. The
two-ray ground reflection model considers both the direct path and a ground reflection path. It is
shown that this model gives more accurate prediction at a long distance than the free space model.
The received power at distance is predicted by

where and are the heights of the transmit and receive antennas respectively. Note that the
original equation we assume . To be consistent with the free space model, is added here.
B.E. (EXTC) VII Dept. of EXTC
Don Bosco Institute of Technology

Subject- Mobile Communications System

Lab Manual
Solve the following Problem:
B.E. (EXTC) VII Dept. of EXTC
Don Bosco Institute of Technology

Subject- Mobile Communications System

Lab Manual
Code :
B.E. (EXTC) VII Dept. of EXTC
Don Bosco Institute of Technology

Subject- Mobile Communications System

Lab Manual
Output:
B.E. (EXTC) VII Dept. of EXTC
Don Bosco Institute of Technology

Subject- Mobile Communications System


Lab Manual

Conclusion:
In this experiment we theoretically and practically (using SCILAB) calculated the Path Loss using two
ray ground reflection model and compare with free Space propagation model. We concluded that
the Path loss is directly proportional to the distance I.e., Increase in distance increases the Path Loss.
As comparing to the 2 model Path loss is more in 2-Ray model as compare to the free space this can be
shown in the above graph.

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