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Reducing and Enlarging Formulas: Pharmacy 2 (Pharm. Calculations)

The document discusses methods for reducing or enlarging formulas when preparing pharmaceutical products, including ratio and proportion, dimensional analysis, and the factor method. It provides examples of using these methods to calculate ingredient quantities needed to make different amounts of calamine lotion, compound benzoin tincture, capsules containing several drugs, and ointments and powders. The note explains that when formulas give proportions by weight or volume, the calculated quantities must be in the same units as the original formula.

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Diniela Caballes
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
503 views

Reducing and Enlarging Formulas: Pharmacy 2 (Pharm. Calculations)

The document discusses methods for reducing or enlarging formulas when preparing pharmaceutical products, including ratio and proportion, dimensional analysis, and the factor method. It provides examples of using these methods to calculate ingredient quantities needed to make different amounts of calamine lotion, compound benzoin tincture, capsules containing several drugs, and ointments and powders. The note explains that when formulas give proportions by weight or volume, the calculated quantities must be in the same units as the original formula.

Uploaded by

Diniela Caballes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REDUCING and

ENLARGING
FORMULAS
Pharmacy 2 (Pharm. Calculations)
Introduction
❖ Pharmacists may have to reduce or enlarge formulas
for pharmaceutical preparations in the course of their
professional practice or manufacturing activities.

❖ Official formulas are based on the preparation of 1000


mL or 1000 g of product.

❖ The pharmacist may be called upon to make either a


smaller or greater quantity → maintaining the correct
proportion of each ingredient.
Methods
❖ Ratio and Proportion

❖ Dimensional Analysis

❖ Factor Method
Example
❖ From the following formula, calculate the quantity of
each ingredient required to make 240 mL of Calamine
Lotion.
Calamine 80 g
ZnO 80 g
Glycerin 20 mL
Bentonite Magma 250 mL
Ca Hydroxide qs 1000 mL
By Ratio & Proportion
Calamine 80 (g) /1000 (mL) = x (g)/ 240 mL
= 19.2 g
ZnO 80 (g) /1000 (mL) = x (g)/ 240 mL
= 19.2 g
Glycerin 20 (mL) / 1000 (mL) = x (mL)/ 240 (mL)
= 4.8 mL
Bentonite Magma 250 (mL) / 1000 (mL) = x (mL)/ 240 (mL)
= 60 mL
Add sufficient amount of Calcium Hydroxide to make 240 mL
By Dimensional Analysis
Calamine 240 (mL) x 80 (g) =19.2 g
1000 mL

Zinc Oxide 240 (mL) x 80 (g) =19.2 g


1000 mL

Glycerin 240 (mL) x 20 (mL) = 4.8 mL


1000 mL

Bentonite 240 (mL) x 250 (mL) = 60 mL


1000 mL
By Factor Method
Amount to be prepared = Factor 240 mL = 0.24
Standard formula 1000 mL

Calamine 80 g x 0.24 = 19.2 g


ZnO 80 g x 0.24 = 19.2 g
Glycerin 20 mL x 0.24 = 4.8 mL
Bentonite 250 mL x 0.24 = 60 mL
Solve this…
❖ From the ff formula, calculate the quantity of each
ingredient required to make 1 gallon of Compound
Benzoin Tincture
Benzoin 100 g
Aloe 20 g
Storax 80 g
Tolu Balsam 40 g
Alcohol qs 1000 mL
Try this one
❖ From the ff formula for 100 capsules, calculate the
quantity of each ingredients to make 24 capsules.
Belladonna Extract 1.0 g
Ephedrine SO4 1.6 g
Phenobarbital 2.0 g
Aspirin 32.0 g
A bit complicated…
❖ From the ff formula, calculate the quantity of each
ingredient required to make 1000 g of the ointment.
Coal tar 5 parts
ZnO 10 parts
Hydrophilic Ointment 50 parts
Note this
❖ If a formula gives us quantities in terms of proportional
parts:

• When parts by weight are specified, we can


convert only the weights and not to volumes,
whereas when parts by volume are specified, we
can convert only to volumes.

• Just as the formula measures all quantities in a


common denomination (parts), so will our
calculations result in a single denomination, and
this will be the denomination we select at the
outset for measuring the desired total amount.
Hope you can solve this..
❖ From the ff formula, calculate the quantity of each
ingredient required to make 500 g of the powder.
Boric acid 5g
Starch 20 g
Talc 50 g

Total number of parts (by weight) = 75

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