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Quarter 4 Module 2 - Expanded Definition

Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by the measles virus, presenting with cough, fever, and a characteristic rash. It is spread through airborne transmission and prior to the vaccine was a major cause of death among children. While most people recover, measles poses serious risks, especially for pregnant women and young infants. The measles virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that infects humans and some primates. With vaccination, global cases and deaths from measles have sharply declined.

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Bernadine C. Cañedo
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55 views

Quarter 4 Module 2 - Expanded Definition

Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by the measles virus, presenting with cough, fever, and a characteristic rash. It is spread through airborne transmission and prior to the vaccine was a major cause of death among children. While most people recover, measles poses serious risks, especially for pregnant women and young infants. The measles virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that infects humans and some primates. With vaccination, global cases and deaths from measles have sharply declined.

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Bernadine C. Cañedo
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Measles is an acute, highly infectious disease, with cough, fever, and corpuscular rash.

The scientific name used for measles is Rubeola. There are also other terms that
describe measles. These include (erroneously) rubella, hard measles, red
measles, 7-day measles, 8-day measles, 9-day measles, 10-day measles, and
morbilli. It has worldwide endemic (constantly present disease). The infective particle
is an RNA (ribonucleic acid) Virus about 100-150 nanometer in diameter, measured by
ultra-filtration (a form of filtration that uses membranes preferentially to separate
different bacteria, protozoa or some viruses), but the active core is only about 65 nm
as measured by inactivation after electron irradiation. Negative staining in the electron
microscope shows the virus to have the helical structure of a cytomegalovirus (a
common virus) with the helix (spiral) being 18 nm in diameter.

People often confuse Rubeola with Rubella (German measles). Rubella is the
scientific name used of German measles, a different viral illness. While German
measles is rarely fatal (deadly), it is dangerous in that infection of pregnant
women causes birth defects and can cause miscarriage and fetal death.

Measles was first described as early as the seventh century. Before the vaccine to
prevent measles was developed (before 1963), an average of 549,000 measles
cases and 495 measles deaths were reported annually in the decade. According
to research studies, primates, which is any mammal of the group that includes
the lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans, can be infected in vitro
(happens outside of a living organism); however, humans are the only natural
host of the virus. The measles virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted
through droplet transmission, meaning it spreads when an infected person
coughs or sneezes. Unimmunized people who are exposed to the virus will get
the sickness in about 90% of cases. Furthermore, children under the age of one
year (although they have some immunity passed down from their mothers), as
well as people who have not gotten the complete vaccine series, are at high risk
for measles.

A typical case of measles actually starts with a: (1) fever, the fever that occurs
with measles is called a stepwise fever. The patient starts with a mild fever that
progressively gets higher. Fevers often reach temperatures greater than 103 F
(39.4 C). (2) Runny nose. (3) Hacking cough. Some patients may also have a sore
throat, although this symptom is uncommon. (4) Red eyes. (5) Skin rash, this
symptom may appear after three to five days after the onset of the initial
symptoms. Over the next 2 to 3 days, the rash progresses downward to cover the
entire body, including the hands and feet.
Measles virus is a spherical, nonsegmented, single-stranded, negative-sense
RNA virus and a member of the Morbillivirus genus in the family of
Paramyxoviridae. Morbillivirus measles virus is the scientific name for Measles
virus. It is stated that MV (Measles virus) adapted to humans when humans first
began to domesticate (adapt) animals in Mesopotamia around 3000 BC. In 1954,
Measles virus was first successfully isolated in the laboratory by Enders and
Peebles. Measles virus will infect monkeys easily and chick embryos with difficulty. MV
(Measles virus) genome consists of 15,894 nucleotides and encodes eight
proteins, which have letter names: F, C, H, L, M, N, P, and V. Of these proteins, H
(hemagglutinin) has a role in the attachment of the virus to host cells, and F
(fusion) is involved in the spread of the virus from one cell to another. In tissue
cultures, a method of growing tissues or cells by transferring fragments of tissues
from the parent organism in an artificial medium, the virus may produce giant multi
mutated cells and nuclear hydrophilic (water-loving) inclusion bodies. The virus has not
been shown to have the receptor— destroying enzyme associated with other
cytomegalovirus (a common virus). Measles, canine distemper, and bovine rinderpest
viruses are onto genetically (origin of an organism) related. Measles virus can be
killed by ultraviolet light and heat.

References

An agency of the European Union. (n.d.). Factsheet about measles. European

Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Retrieved June 11, 2021, from

https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/measles/facts

E. Hooker, MD, DrPH, M.K. Bister, MD, M.C. Stöppler, MD. (2019, December

26). Measles Pictures, Treatment, Causes, Symptoms & MMR Vaccine.

MedicineNet. https://www.medicinenet.com/measles_rubeola/article.htm

Measles Virus - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Science Direct.

Retrieved June 11, 2021, from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/measles-virus

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