y +

=0, b0andc () then the equatjn

AX
(e) Whern a
to *axis atud passing thrrn
then the graph of the cquation is a ntraight line parallel th
point(,-) 9or =
0, Then the graph is s
When a z 0, h =
) and e = ) then the equation is ax z

itself.
(g) Whena =
0, andc =(9 then
(0, h equation becomesiy
= ) ory =
9. Then the graph th
equation is x-axis it self.
0 then the equation becomes ax + ly = 0, Then the graph ofthis equatíon is
(h) When onlyr =

line passing through the origin.

i) The graph ofx = constant is a line parallel to the y-axis.

) The graph ofy = constant is a line parallel o the x-axis.

k) The graph ofy = tx is a line pasing tkrough the origin.
) The graph of a pair of linear equations in reprewnted by two lisnes,
two variables is
the uníque wlution of the 1wo
i) If the lines intersect at a point, then that point gives
consistent.
equations, In this case, the pair of equations is
solutíons-cach point on the ine
(i) If the lines coincide, then there are infinítely many
is also consistent.
being a solution. In this case, the pair of equatíons
has no solution. In this cae, the pai
(i) If the lines are parallel, then the pair of equatíons
of equations is inconsistent
10. Algebraic Method
(a) Substitution Method
(b) Method of Elimination
11. Conditions for solvability (or consistency)
Ifa pair of linear equatíons is given by a x + hy +ej = ()and a + by + c= 0, then the follow
situationscan arise

) a,b,
In this case, the pair of linear equations has a unique solution (consistent pair of equations)

() T
h, ez
In this casc, the pair of linear cquations has no solution (ínconsistent pair of equauons)

In this case, the pair of linear equations has infinitely many solutions [consistent pair ofcquations

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose and write the correct option in the following questions.
1. The value for which the lines
of k represented by the following pair of linear equauo onsa r t

coincident is
2x + 3y + 7 = 0
8x +12y + h = 0

40|Mathematics-X: Term-1
 values except 14
(b) 8
real
(a) all d) 14
( ) 28
fa for which the pair of equations 10x +5y =a -5, 20x + 10y-a = 0 has infinitely
value
The
2. many solutions is
(b) -10 c) 10 (d) 20
(a)5
Co lines given by 3x + 2ky = 8 and 2x + 5y-4 =
0 are parallel, then the value of k is

(6) () (d)
(a) 4
and 6x- 2y 3 has unique solution
pair of equationkx- y =2
=
which the
The value of k for
4. )k0
3 (6) # 3 c)h 0
(a) k
=

has intinitely many solutions, then the lines representing them

EIfa pair of linear equations
will be

(a) parallel (6) intersecting or coincident

(c) always intersecting d) always coincident

7 and 9x + 10y 14 is [CBSE 2020 (30/5/1)

pair oflinear equations
=
6. The

(a) consistent (6) inconsistent

(c) consistent with one solution (d) consistent with many solutions

7. The pair of linear equations * =

0 and x = -
4 has [CBSE 2020 (30/4/1)]
(a) a unique solution (6) no solution
(c) infinitely many solutions d) only solution (0, 0)
8. The pair of linear equations y = 0 andy =-6 has
[CBSE 2020 (30/4/1)]
(a) a unique solution no solution
c) infinitely many solutions (d) only solution (0, 0)
9. The value ofk, for which the pair oflinear equations kx +y = and x +ky = 1 have infinitely
many solutions is [CBSE 2020 (30/3/1)]
(a) t1 (b)1 (c) -1 ) 2
10. The value of k for which the system of linear equations x + 2y = 3, 5x +ky + 7 = 0 is
inconsistent is [CBSE 2020 (30/2/1)]
2
a) 3 (c) 5 (d) 10
11. The value of k for which the system of equations x +y -4 = 0 and 2x +ky =
3, has no solution,
s
[CBSE 2020 (30/1/1)]
(a)-2 (6)2 (c) 3 (d) 2
12 For which value(s) of p, will the lines represented by the following pair of linear equations be
parallel?
3x-y 50
6x- 2y-P = 0
[CBSE Sample Paper 20201
(a) all real values 10
except () 10
)

value of k for which the lines (k+ 1)x+3ky + 15 = 0 and 5x + ky + 5 0 are

coincidentis
(a) 14
(6) 2 c)-14 (d) -2

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables | 41

 4 Ithe lines given by Ay + y 8 and * + y-4 m
0 are parallel, then the value of kis

and 2r + öy +l = 0 are parallel, then value of k is

i t the lines pivem by
* + ky =

NCERT Exemjlar/
3
d)2
2-3 = 0 and 5x + ky + 7 = 0 has no
The value at a or which the system of
equations * +
odutton, is
(d) None of these
(7
msider a pair ofvquations as shown.

1
17
I(BSE Question Bank]
What is the value ot n and *
4
()= Sand y
=

3
() = 4and y
=

N nsider a pair af equations as sdown.

to the given pair of equations?

Whicd of tdhese pair of equations is equBvalent CBSE Question B

+»=
7 t
ore and u
2
(d) t o nand 7u* **=90

9 nsisder the equations ax shawna

( - )=(N-a)

)-tyst-i
cmparing the coetlicients, a student says these pairs of equatious is consistent. Is he/'she
O C8SE Question Aankl
eWhieh afthexe explains why?
w es twwaur tdheY arr parallel lnes. (Yestberause they are inuereeting iues.
Au, bww auw ther ale parallel lws. ) Nos bevause they are intersectng lines
maider the equuatduns as shawna

Whiwh theae is true advut the given equations?

42 Mathaatics X:lerm-1
 lines as
parallel
a pairof
This is
()
Intersecting
lines as

cThisis a pair
ot
lines
This is a pair of
coincident as
ag
d)
the number of saplings in a
n t s to
wants plant some
plant saplings in
columns. If he increases
21.
4. the number of columns decreases by 1. If he decreases the number of saplings
Naveen

column by4,; he number of columns increased by 2.

column,
in a
by 5 relates the number, «, of columns and the number, plants in a
y, of
Uhich of these graphs
[CBSE Question Bank]
column?

(a) 03 (6) *O34 x

3
(d) 0 8

22. Shipra gave a note of 7 2,000 for a pair of jeans worth 7 500. She was returned 11 notes in
denominations of R 200 and 100. Which pair ofequations can be used to find the number
O 200 notes, x, and the number of 7 100 notes y? How many notes of 200 did she get?
[CBSE Question Bank]
(a) x+y 11 and 200x+100y = 1500; 4 y-+11 and 200x+100y =
2000; 4
(6) * =

) x+y = 15 and 200x+100y = 1800; I10

(d) *+y = 15 and 100x+200y = 1800; 12
LOnsider the equations shown: ax + by = ab & 2ax + 3by = 36
[CBSE Question Bank]
Which of these is the value of y in terms of a?
2ab 36
(a) y 5 - 3a 35 (d) y
(6) y = 3 - 2a (C)y= 9a-

in Two Variables43
Pair of Linear Equations
 8 *p q
&Consider the equations shown.p +
-

Which of these are the values ot p and q?

unknown constants.
a and d
5. In the equations shown below,
are

Sar+4y= -2
d y = 14
equations, what are the
values ofa and b?
It-S)is the solution of the given
8SE Questivn B
() a = -2.6
3, à =
26 Consider the equations shown.
r+3y=41
tSy 26
[(.BSE Question B
of these is the correct way of solving the given pair equations?
of
Which
) 4r + 3y +3y= 41 26
-

x +r -3y =
41 -

6 (d) 4(r+ 3y) + 3y 41 =

7. Consider the graph shown. [CBSE Question Bc=

Which of these is true about the given graph?

a These lines have infinitely many solutions as they lie in the same quadrant.
These lines have a unique solution as they are intersecting at a point.
c) These lines have a unique solution as the coefficient ofx in both the equations is one.
dThese ines have infinitely many solutions as they ie in the same quadrant.
28. Which of these linear equations have a unique solution? [CBSE Question Ber=

6)
 (d) *

Y'

29 The cost of production per unit for two products, A and B, are 7 100 and F 80 respectively.
In a weck. the total production cost is 32000. In the next week, the production cost reduces
by 20%, and the total cost of producing the same number of units of each product is 25600.
Which of these are the equations that can be used to find the number of units of 4, x, and the
number of units of B, y?
[CBSE Question Bank]
a) 100x+ 80r = 3 2 0 0 0 a n d 80x + 64y = 25600

100%+ 64 = 32000 and 80x + 100y = 25600

()S0x+64y = 25600 and 80x + 64y = 32000

(d 8Ox + 80y = 32000 and l100x + 64y = 25600

30. Raghav earned 3550 by selling some

bags each for 7 500 and some baskets each for T 150.
Aarav earned 3400 by selling the same number
of baskets each for T 200 as
of bags each for 7 400 and the same number
Raghav sold. Which of these equations relates the
number of bags
x, and the number of
baskets, y?
(a) 500x +
[CBSE Question Bank]
150y =
3400 and 400x + 200y 3550
(b) 400x + 150y 3550 and 500x + 200y =
3400
(c) 500x +150y 3550
=
and 400x + 200y =
3400
(d) 500x +200y =
3550 and 400x + 150y =
3400
31. If x" -1+
y"-* =0 is a linear equation, which of these is also a linear equation?
(a) x"+ y" = 0 [CBSE Question Bank]
(6) +y5= 0 (c) xt/2 +** =0 (d) x5 + y5 =0
32. Which of these is a linear equation in two variables?
(a) 3x -

2 +2 =
0
[CBSE Question Bank]
b) x +x-2y +8 = 0
(c) x-2y + 10 =x + y (d) 5x- 2y = 0
. One of the
common solution of ax +
(a) (0, c/b) by = c and y-axis Is

34. (b) (0, blc) (c) (c/b, 0) (d) (0, -c/b)

very linear equation in
(a) no
two variables has...... solutions.
(6) one
35. Fiv (C) two (d) infinitely many
ears
Was
hence, fathers age will be three times the age
of his daughter. Five years ago father
seven times as old
as his
a) 20 years, 10 daughter. Their present ages are
C) 40 years, 10
years (6) 40 years, 20 years
years (d) 30 years, 10 years
 m 0 and y - 7 has CERT Exemplan
57. The pair of equations y b) two solutions
(a) one solution (d) no solution
()intinitely many solutions
andybgraphienlly
represents lines which are

58. The pair of equations

*a
NCERT Exemplani
coincicdent (d) intersecting at (a, b)
() arallel () intersecting at (, a) (¢)
number is 9. It 27 is ndded to it, the digit of n
of the ofa
digits two-digit
59. The sum

reversed. The number is

[NGERT Exemplan
) 63 (d) 36
(a) 25
() 72
24
60. The pair of equations 5 *- 15y = 8 and 3v-9y = has [NGERT Exemplar
() two solutions
(a) one solution
(d) no solution
()infinitesolutions
son's age. Four years hence, the age
of the father will be fo
tour
61. The father's age is six times his
of the son and the father are, respectively.
times his son. The present ages (in years)
[NCERT Exemplar
(d) 3 and 24
(a) 4 and 24 (6) 5 and 30 (c) 6 andl 36

Ifx = a, y = b is the solution of the equations * -y = 2 and * + y =4, then the values of a and
62.
b are, respectively [NCERT Exrmplan
d) -I and-3
(a) 3 and 5 (b) 5 and3 (c) 3 and1
+ by =
c, l* + my = n
63. Ifam * bl, then the system of equations, ax
(6) has no solution
(a) has a unique solution

may not have a solution

(c) has infinitely nmany solutions (d) may or

Answers
3. (6) 4. (6) 5. (d) 6. (6)
1. () 2. (c)
9. (6) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. («)
7. (b) 8. (b)
15. () 16. (6) 17. () 18. ()
13. (a) 14. (b)
20. (6) 21. (c) 22. (a) 23. (6) 24. ()
19. (6)
29. () 30. ()
25. () 26. () 27. (6) 28. (6)
33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (c) 36. ()
31. (6) 32. (d)
39. (a) 40. () 41. 6) 42. ()
37. (d) 38. ()
45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (d)
43. (b) 44. (c)
50. (a) 51. (d) 52. (a) 53. (c) 54. )
49. (c)
55. (d) 56. (c) 57. (d) 58. (d) 59. (d) 60. ()
61. (c) 62. (c) 63. (a)

CASE-BASED QUESTIONS
1. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
Amit is planning to buy a house and the layout is given figure. The design and the me
has been madesuch that areas of two bedrooms and kitchen together is 95[CBSE
s i Question
dionBantB

8I Mathematics-X: Term-1
 Laving Room
odrsom

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(i) The pair of linear equations in two variables from this situation are
(a) * +y = 19
) 2x +y= 19 (c)2x +y= 19 (d) none of these
*+y = 13 x+2y= 13 x+y = 13

(i) The length of the outer boundary of the layout is

(a) 50 m (6) 52 m (c) 54 m (d) 56 m
(ii) The area of each bedroom and kitchen in the layout is
(a) 30 mi, 40 m2 (6)30 m, 35 m2 () 30 m,45 m (d) 35 m?, 45 m2
(iv) The area of living room in the layout is
(a) 60 m (6) 75 m2 (c) 80 m2 d) 100 m
() The cost of laying tiles in kitchen at the rate of 750 per sq.m is
(a) F1700 (6) F1800 c)F1900 (d) F1750

2. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
lt is common that governments revise travel fares from time to time based on various factors
such as inflation (a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money) on
different types of vehicles like auto, rickshaws, taxis, radio cab etc. The auto charges in a city
comprise of a fixed charge together with the charge for the distance covered. Study the following
situations: [CBSE Question Bank]

www.TAX

Name of the city Distance travelled (km) Amount paid R)

City A 10 75

15 110
City B 8 91
14 145

of l5 km,
Situation 1: In city A, for a journey of 10 km, the charge paid is R75 and for a journey
the charge paid is Tl10.
1+ Km,
SItuation 2: In a city B, for a journey of 8 km, the charge paid is 791 and for ajourney of
the charge paid is 7145.

Variables 49
49
in Two
Pair of Linear Equations
 Refer situation 1
the runing charges be F y per km
If the fixed charges of auto rickshaw be R x and the
i) the situation is
of linear equations representing
pair x + 15y 110 =

x + 10y =110,x + 15y

= 75 (6) x + 10y =75,
(a) 10x +y 75, 15 x +y =110
=

75 d)
(c) 10x + y =110, 15x y
+ =

he has to pay is
travels a distance of
50 km. The amount
(ii) A person (d)T455
()T355
(a)F155 )T255

Refer situation2
distance of 30 km?
What will a person have to pay
for travelling a
(iii) (d) F305
(6) T289 c) 275
(a)185
the conditions are: (situation 2)
iv) The graph of lines representing
a) (6)

PrYETTET

(c)

() Out of both the city, which one has cheaper fare?

(a) City A (6) City A (c) Both are same d) cannot decided

3. Read the following and answer any four questions from () to (v)
A test consists of True' or 'False' questions, One mark is awarded for every correct answer whie
Amark is deducted for every wrong answer. A student knew correct answers of some ot ue
questions. Rest of the questions he
attempted by guessing. He answered 120
90 marks.
questions and
[CBSE Question Bank}

Type of Question Marks given for Marks deducted for

correct answer Wrong answer
True/False
0.25

01 Mathematics-X: Term-1
 Ifanswer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong, then number of questions
did he answer correctly are
(a) 90 (6) 100 (c) 96 d) 105
Number of questions did he guess are
()
(a) 20 (6) 24 (d) 30 (c)28
in Ifanswer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong and answered 80 correctly,
then how many marks will he get?
(a) 60 6) 70 (c) 80 d) 90
(i)Ifanswer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong, then how many questions
were answered correctly to score 95 marks?
(a) 90 (c)98 6)95 (d) 100
() The maximum marks that a student can score is
(a) 110 (6) 115 (c) 120 d) 125
4. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
A man is trying to choose between
T20 per
phone plans. two
first plan of
company A, cost
The
month, with calls cosüng an additional 25
The second plan of
paise per minute.
company B charges 40 per month, but calls cost 8 paise per minute. These
two situaions are shown
below which
represent linear equations.
The total cost for the two
company's are given by
y = 0.25x + 20

and y = 0.08x + 40

where x is the minutes used and is

y the total cost per month.

Best Phone Plans PpanyA

Top four things to consider when
choosing the
best phone plan for your needs
ompany B

Plan type: Cost Inclusions:

A
Pd.postpaid n prics runge CS5,
Network
phone oplan om ander 10t0 ataTelstr Optusor
andether extras
or100 Vodafone&
coversge
0-90120 150 180
) If a
person takes first plan and calls for 90
he will have to minutes in a month then how much
whose cost for a month is
pay amount
(a) 20
given by y 0.25x +20? =

(6) T40 )42.50

(7) Another (d) 45
person takes second plan and also calls for
90 minutes in a
amount which he has to pay when total cost is
month, then the
(a) 45 given by y =
0.08x + 40, is
(b)47 (c) 45.20
n) (d)47.20
Solution of system of linear
(a) (-3, 2)
equations x + 2y 1 and 2x
= -

3y 12 is - =

(6) (-3, -2) c) (3,- 2)

t the (d) (3, 2)
system of pair of linear equations kx
then + 2y =5, 3x + y =1 has a
unique solution,
3
(a) kt (b) k = 6
(c) k #6 d) k

Variables
Pair of Linear Equations in Two
 2x + 4y-12
= 0 represent
nts
0,
linear equations x 2y -4 +
(u) Given system of (6) intersecting lines
(a) parallel lines
(d) can't say
(c) coincicdent lines
to (»).
and answer any four questions from (i)
5. Read the following to calculate the amount ofm
f money tha
manufacturer's revenue is the function used
A cricket bat quanti
by the equationk *0, Where x
= =

comes into the

business. It can be represented
and
P= price. The cost function is the f .
is shown in
orange colour in the figure.
The revenue function
fixed costs, Such as rent and salaries
business. It includes
used to calculate the costs of doing shown in blue colour in figure.
such as utilities. The cost function is
variable costs

the y-axis represents either cost or

The x-axis represents quantity (in hundreds) of units, and
revenue (in thousand of rupees).
the function, written as
profit function is the difference of revenue hunction and
cost
The
P ) = R() - C(x)

Now, let C(x) = 100x + 30000 and R(x) 150x

If we replace function by y, we get
Linear equations are y 100x + 30000
and y 150x
(4) The number of bat manufactured () so that there is no profit or loss for the manufacturer15
(a) x = 200 (6)x 300 (C)x= 400 d) * = 600

i ) Ifthe cost and revenue are given by the linear equations y = 0.85x + 35000 andy = 1.53
respectively, and the break-even point is the point at which the two lines intersect, then
its break even point is
(a) (50000, 77500) (6) (50000, 60000) (c) (45000, 50000) d) (45000, 60000)
(ii) The system of linear equations 3x + 2y =
12, 5x-2y 4 represents
=

(a) parallel lines (6) intersecting lines

(c) coincident lines (d) can't say
(iv) Solution of the system of linear equations x + y =1, 2x-3y =7, is
(a) (1,2) ) (2, 1) )(2,-1) (d)(-2,-1)
(u) The value of k for which the system of linear equations 4x + 5y = 3 and kx + 15y 9 has
infinitely many solutions is
k= 3 (b)k = 4 c) k = 12
(a) (d) k = 8
 answer any four questions
from (i) to (v).
Read the following and
is so common
in Our daily life use, its blades represent the graph of linear
The scissors which
cquations.

Let the blades of a scissor are

represented by the system of linear equations:
*+ 3y = 6 and 2x-3y = 12

() The pivot point (point of intersection) of the blades

x+3y = 6 and 2x-3y = 12 of the scissor is
represented by the linear equation
(a) (2, 3) (6) (6, 0) (c) (3, 2) (d) (2, 6)
ii) The points which linear equations
at * + 3y = 6 and 2x
respectively are
- 3y =
12 intersect y axis
(a) (0, 2) and (0, 6) (6) (0, 2) and (6, 0)
(c) (0, 2) and (0, 4)
a) (2,0) and (0, 4)
(iii) The number of solution of the
system of linear equations x + 2y-8 =0 and 2x+ 4y 16 is
(a) 0 6) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinitely many
(o) If (1, 2) is the solution of linear equations ax +y 3 and 2x
and b are
+ by =
12, then values ofa
respectively
(a) 1,5 (6)2,3 c)-1,5 d) 3, 5
() If a pair of linear equations in two variables is
two equations are consistent, then the lines represented by
(a) intersecting
6) parallel
c) always coincident
(d) intersecting or coincident
Read the
following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
A
pen stand with a
pen is represented by the system of linear equationsy 0 and 3x +
=
2y =6.

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables | 53

 6
represents the pen stand andaa pen
() The of linear equations y= 0 and 3x + 2y
system
is
respectively then their point of contact (intersection)
d) (3, 0)
(a) (0, 3) 6) (2, 0) ()(3,2)
6 intersect each other at point
(ii) The pair of linear equation y x and +y
=
x =

)(3, 3) (d) (3, 2)

(a) (4, 2) (6) (4, 4)
3900 and x + ay= 1300 represent the
(ii) The system of linear equations 3x + 6y
1
lines
which are
(c) coincident (d)can't say
(a) parallel (b) intersecting
the system of equations kx -

5y= 2 and 6x + 2y = 7 has

(iv) The value of k for which no
solution, is
c)15 (d) -15
(a) 30 (6)-30
() The inear equation 3x + 2y = 6 intersects the y-axis at the point

(a) (0, 3) (6) (0,2) (c) (0,-3) (d)(2,3)

8. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (»).
A boy enjoying the pizza with his friends and share with them by slicing it. During slicing the
pizza, he noticed that the pair of linear equations formed.
Let these pair of linear equations be y - 2x = 1 and 5y - * = 14.
[CBSE Question Bank

) The point of intersection of the lines

given by the equations y- 2x 1 and 5y-x = =
14is
(a)-2,3) (6)(4,2) (c) (6, 4)
The
(d) (1,3)
(it) linear equation y 2x -

1 intersect the y-axis at

=

point
(b) (0, 1) (c) (0, -14)
(ii) The system of linear equations d) (0, 5
2x-3y +6 0 and 2x + 3y 18 = 0
(a) has a unique solution
(6) has no solutiona
() has infinitely many solution d) may or
may not have a solution
(iv) The value(s) of k for which the
has no solution, is system of linear equations 2x ky +3 0
and x +2y-1
(a) 3
(6)- )6
() Ifa pair of linear (d)-6
two equations are
equations in two variables is
inconsistent, then the lines represente
(a) intersecting
(6) parallel
c) always coincident
(d) Intersecting coincident
or

54 | Mathematics-X: Term-1
nSwerS

1. () tc) (u) (c) (222) (b) () (6) (z)(d

2. (i) (b) (i) (c) (i2i) (b) () (c) ) (a)
3. (1) (0) (i) (b) (212) (b) (i) (d) () (c)
4. (i) (c) (i) (d) (iii) (c) () () ((a)
5. (i) (d) (in) (a) (ii) (6) () (c) () ()
6. (i) (b) (i) (c) (t2) (d) () (a) () (d)
7. (i) (b) (i) (c) (ni) (b) () (d) () (a)
8. (i) (d) (i) b) (ii) (a) (i) (b) () (6)