Scribd
Upload
29 views19 pages

4.2. Routing Overview - Static Route - ICMP - Traceroute

The document discusses the functions and components of routers including forwarding packets based on routing tables, learning routes from various sources, and maintaining routing information. Routers use static and dynamic routes where static routes are manually configured and dynamic routes are adjusted by routing protocols. The document also covers routing tables, metrics, and configuring static and default routes.

Uploaded by

Quân Lâm Minh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views19 pages

4.2. Routing Overview - Static Route - ICMP - Traceroute

The document discusses the functions and components of routers including forwarding packets based on routing tables, learning routes from various sources, and maintaining routing information. Routers use static and dynamic routes where static routes are manually configured and dynamic routes are adjusted by routing protocols. The document also covers routing tables, metrics, and configuring static and default routes.

Uploaded by

Quân Lâm Minh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Exploring the Functions of Routing

BSCI v3.0—2-1
Routers

Cisco 2800 Series Router

• Routers have the following components:


– CPU
– Motherboard
– RAM
– ROM
• Routers have network adapters to which IP addresses are assigned.
• Routers may have the following two kinds of ports:
– Console: For the attachment of a terminal used for management
– Network: Different LAN or WAN media ports
• Routers forward packets based upon a routing table.
Router Operations

A router needs to do the following:


• Know the destination address.
• Identify the sources from which the router can learn.
• Discover possible routes to the intended destination.
• Select the best route.
• Maintain and verify routing information.
Router Operations (Cont.)

 Routers must learn destinations that are not directly connected.


Router Functions

RouterX# show ip route


D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/25789217] via 10.1.1.1
1 R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/4] via 10.1.1.2 2
O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/229840] via 10.1.1.3

1. Lets other routers know about changes


2. Determines where to forward packets
Identifying Static and Dynamic Routes

Static route Dynamic route


• Uses a route that a • Uses a route that a
network administrator network routing protocol
enters into the router adjusts automatically for
manually topology or traffic
changes
Classify Routing
EGP: Exterior Gateway Protocol
IGP: Interior Gateway Protocol
Static Route AS: Autonomous system
VLSM: Variable length subnet mask
Discontinuous network

Routing EGP: BGP

Dynamic Route
Distance Vector: RIP
Classfull: RIP v1
IGP: Other Link State: OSPF

Classless: Other
Hybrid: EIGRP
Routing Tables
Routing Table Entries

• Directly connected: Router attaches to this network


• Static routing: Entered manually by a system administrator
• Dynamic routing: Learned by exchange of routing information
• Default route: Statically or dynamically learned; used when no
explicit route to network is known
AD - Administrative Distance
AD - Administrative Distance

Protocol AD Value (0-255)


Connected 0
Static 1
EIGRP 90
OSPF 110
RIP 120
Routing Metrics
Enabling Static Routing

BSCI v3.0—2-13
Static Routes

 Configure unidirectional static routes to and from a stub


network to allow communications to occur.
Static Route Configuration

RouterX(config)# ip route network [mask]


{address | interface}[distance] [permanent]

• Defines a path to an IP destination network or subnet or host


• Address = IP address of the next hop router
• Interface = outbound interface of the local router
Static Route Example

RouterX(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1


or
RouterX(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0

 This is a unidirectional route. You must have a route configured in the


opposite direction.
Default Routes

 This route allows the stub network to reach all known networks
beyond Router A.
Verifying the Static
Route Configuration

RouterX# show ip route


Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0

10.0.0.0/8 is subnetted, 1 subnets


C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial0

You might also like