Mechanical Engineering Department – Dynamics of Machinery Lab, Subject: Theory of Machines-II

EXPERIMENT No. 5

Aim: Study of Various Types of Gear Boxes.

Basically there are following types of gearboxes:

1. SLIDING MESH TYPE GEAR BOX

This is a simplest type of gear box fig. gives the simplified new of gear box. The power comes
from engine to clutch shaft & then to clutch gear which is always mesh in a gear of lay shaft. All
the gear on lay shaft is fixed to it and such they are all time rotating when engine is running and
the clutch is engage Three direct and one reverse speed are attend on string by suitable moving
the gear on main shaft by means of selector mechanism, this are various operation.

Fig.1: Sliding mesh type gear box.

2. CONSTANT MESH GEAR BOX

In this type of gear box all gears are in constant mesh with corresponding gear on the lay shaft.
The gear on main shaft which is splined is free to slide on main shaft. The gears on lay shaft are
 Mechanical Engineering Department – Dynamics of Machinery Lab, Subject: Theory of Machines-II

fixed. When left dog is slide to left by means of selector mechanism. If teeth are engaged with
those on which clutch gear and we get direct gear. The dog clutch however when slide to right
make contact with second gear obtain linear motion same to right dog clutch to left.

Fig.2: Constant mesh gear box

3. SYNCHROMESH GEARBOX

This type of gear box are similar to constant mesh in that all gear on main shaft are in constant
mesh with corresponding gear on lay shaft. The gear on lay shaft be fixed to it while those on
main shaft are free to rotate on the same. Its working is similar to constant mesh type but in
former these one definite improvement over the latten. This is provision of synchromesh device
which avoid the necessity of double declutching the part which ultimately are to engage first
brought into frictional contact which equalize their speed after which they may be engaged
smoothly. Fig. shows construction and working of synchromesh gear box. In most of cases
 Mechanical Engineering Department – Dynamics of Machinery Lab, Subject: Theory of Machines-II

however the synchromesh devices are not fitted to all gear they are fitted only on high gear and
on low a reverse gear ordinarily dog clutch are only provided there is done to reduce the
constant. In fig. A It is engine shaft B,C,D,E, are free on main shaft and always in mesh with
corresponding gear on lay shaft. These all gear on main shaft as well as on lay shaft will continue
to rotate so long as shaft rotating. To understand the working of gear box, consider B which
show step in how gear are engaged for direct gear member C and hence member F ,C through
spring loaded balls is slide forward left till come ml and m2 rub and friction make than speed
equal. Fig A .further pushing the member G11 to left cause it to over ride the ball and get
engaged with dog Kl, the fig. B Now to drive to main shaft direct. From B via f1 and spline
however if member Gl is pushed to quickly so that there is not sufficient time for
synchronization of speed clash may result like wise deflect with arise increases spring
supporting the ball T1 will become weak. Similarly for second gear the member F1 & Gl are
slide to right so that finally inter teeth on Gl engage with T1. Then drive to main shaft be from
via. V2, Vl, Cl & splines.

Fig.3: Synchromesh Gear Box

4. DIFFERENTIAL GEAR BOX

 Mechanical Engineering Department – Dynamics of Machinery Lab, Subject: Theory of Machines-II

When a car taking turn the outer wheel will have to travel greater distance as compared to inner
wheel. In same type as shown in fig. If therefore car has solid rear axis only and no other device
there will be tendency for wheel to skill. Hence if wheel skidding is to avoid some mechanism
must be increased in the rear axle which should reduce the speed of other wheel. When taking
turn it should at same time keep the speed of all wheel same when going straight ahead such
divided with server the above function is called differential.

In case of non driving wheel however different in speed of inner & outer wheel passes no
problem since wheel are independent of each other and such as they can adjust their speed as to
the requirement. To understand principle on which differential gear box work consider fig. to
crown wheel of final drive is attached in cage which came across pin and spline2 sun gear mesh
with2 or 4 planet and pinion axle half shaft are splined to each of these sun gear. The crown
wheel is free to rotate and half shaft as shown.When vehicle going straight the cage and inner
gear rotate as a single unit and 2 half shaft revolve at same speed to understood what happen
when vehicle is taking a turn assume that the cage is stationary the turning of one sun gear will
cause to other rotate 'n' times in particular time the right sun gear will also rotate 'n' times in
same period but of cause in opposite direction, this direction is superimposed on normal wheel
speed when vehicle is taken in a turn. Thus for ego Consider a vehicle with wheel speed N rpm
going straight when it take a toward right. If this time there will be resistance to motion of right
wheel and as result of differential action if right wheel rotate back at n rpm then the left wheel
rotate block of n rpm. This will give resultant speed of left wheel and that of right wheel on rpm.
 Mechanical Engineering Department – Dynamics of Machinery Lab, Subject: Theory of Machines-II

Fig. 4: Differential Gearbox

CONCLUSION:

--------------------------- In this experiment we have studied various types of gearbox including the
automatic transmission and some of its consisting components.

Questions:

1. Enlist at least five applications of gearbox.

a)The helical gearbox is popular in the construction of plastics,

cement, rubber, and other heavy industrial settings. It is useful in
crushers, extruders, coolers, and conveyors, which are all low-
power applications.
b) The coaxial helical gearbox is ideal for heavy-duty applications.
Coaxial helical inlines are noted for their quality and efficiency.
Mechanical Engineering Department – Dynamics of Machinery Lab, Subject: Theory of Machines-II

c) The bevel helical gearbox is used to provide rotary motions

between non-parallel shafts. These are typically used in
quarries, in the mining industry, and in conveyors.
d) The planetary gearbox is ideal for its endurance, accuracy, and
distinct functionality and is notable for its precision
applications. This type of gearbox increase the lifespan of your
equipment and optimizes performance.
e) Worm reduction gearboxes are used to drive heavy duty
operations. Worm gearboxes are used when there is a need for
increased speed reduction between non-intersecting crossed axis
shafts.

2) Which type of gearbox is superior among sliding mesh type

& constant mesh type gearbox? State the reason.

Constant-Mesh Gearbox is superior among sliding mesh type &

constant mesh type gearbox; because:

a) The gears used in a manual transmission constant mesh are helical

and double helical and are quieter during operation.

b) Because the gears in a constant-mesh gearbox are in constantly

meshing, it’s less likely to damage the gear teeth, and there’s
typically less wear on the gears.
Mechanical Engineering Department – Dynamics of Machinery Lab, Subject: Theory of Machines-II

c) If a driver makes a “bad” change in gears, any damage that may

occur will be limited to the dog clutch.

3) Compare sliding mesh type & constant mesh type gearbox

with examples.
Sliding Mesh Gear Box:
1) It consists of spur gear.The main shaft gears are not in
mesh constantly with the counter shaft gears,which can
slide and mesh. Selector fork unit is used in this
gearbox for engaging the gear.
2) Torque Transmission is low.
3) The size of the gearbox is large.
4) It is the oldest type of gearbox used in motor vehicles.

Constant Mesh Gear Box:

1) It consists of helical gear. All the gears on the main
shaft are in constant mesh with the corresponding gears
on the counter shaft. Dog clutch unit is used in this
gear box for engaging the gears.
2) Torque Transmission is high.
Mechanical Engineering Department – Dynamics of Machinery Lab, Subject: Theory of Machines-II

3) The size of the gearbox is small as compare to sliding

mesh gearbox.
4) Constant mesh gearbox has been used in 2&3-
wheelers.

4) Which type of gearbox is used in racing cars? State the

reason.
Sequential manual transmission and direct shift gear box is
used in racing cars.
These are used in racing technology and cars. DSG actually
works like 2 ttransmission 1 for even other 1 for odd and it
also does not have clutch pedal making them faster.

5) State at least three applications of differential gearbox.

a) Differential gearbox is designed to drive a pair of wheels
while allowing them to rotate at different speeds.
b) It is a part of power transmission that transfers power
from engine to wheels.
Mechanical Engineering Department – Dynamics of Machinery Lab, Subject: Theory of Machines-II

c) It absorbs rotational difference due to direction change of

rotating axis drive between right and left wheels leading to
smooth cornering.
6) Is the gearbox is used in automatic transmissions? If no then
which machine element is used in place of gearbox in the
automatic transmissions? Explain in brief its construction and
working with simple sketch.
Ans) No, gearbox is not used in automatic transmission.
Hydraulic transmission is used , which is a device
employing a liquid to transmit and modify linear or rotary
motion and linear or turning force.