Kingsmead Technology College

Q1.The image below shows an epithelial cell from the lining of the small intestine.

(a) (i) In the image above, the part of the cell labelled A contains chromosomes.

What is the name of part A?

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) How are most soluble food molecules absorbed into the epithelial cells of the
small intestine?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

diffusion osmosis respiration

(1)

(b) Suggest how the highly folded cell surface helps the epithelial cell to absorb soluble food.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) Epithelial cells also carry out active transport.

(i) Name one food molecule absorbed into epithelial cells by active transport.

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Why is it necessary to absorb some food molecules by active transport?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Suggest why epithelial cells have many mitochondria.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(2)

Page 1
 Kingsmead Technology College
d) Some plants also carry out active transport.

Give one substance that plants absorb by active transport.

........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Q2. Diagrams A, B and C show cells from different parts of the human body, all drawn to the
same scale.

(a) Which cell, A, B or C, appears to have adaptations to increase diffusion into or out of

the cell?

Give one reason for your choice.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) (i) Cell C is found in the pancreas.

Name one useful substance produced by the pancreas.

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Use information from the diagram to explain how cell C is adapted for producing this
substance.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Page 2
 Kingsmead Technology College

Q3. The small intestine is lined with millions of villi.

The diagram shows the structure of a villus.

In the small intestine, some of the products of digestion are absorbed into the blood by active
transport.

(a) Explain what is meant by active transport.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) How do microvilli and mitochondria help in the active transport of the products of
digestion from the small intestine into the blood?

Microvilli ....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

Mitochondria ..............................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q4. Diagram 1 shows two villi in the small intestine of a healthy person.

Page 3
 Kingsmead Technology College
(a) Describe two features of the villi which help the small intestine to function.

1 .................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Diagram 2 shows two villi in the small intestine of a person with coeliac disease.

(i) How do the villi of the person with coeliac disease differ from those of a healthy
person?

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Suggest how this difference might affect how well the small intestine functions.

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Page 4
 Kingsmead Technology College

(a) (i) nucleus

1

(ii) diffusion
1

(b) increases / larger surface area (for diffusion)

ignore large surface area to volume ratio
1

(c) (i) sugar / glucose

accept amino acids / other named monosaccharides
1

(ii) against a concentration gradient

or
from low to high concentration
1

(iii) (active transport requires) energy

1

(from) respiration
1

(d) minerals / ions

accept named ion ignore nutrients
do not accept water
1
[8]

M2. (a) B
no mark for ÉBÉ, alone

large(r) surface / area or large(r) membrane

accept reference to microvilli
accept reasonable descriptions of the surface
do not accept wall / cell wall
ignore villi / hairs / cilia
1

Page 5
 Kingsmead Technology College
(b) (i) any one from:

• insulin / hormone
if named hormone / enzyme must be correct for pancreas

• enzyme / named enzyme

1

(ii) many ribosomes

1

(ribosomes) produce protein

accept insulin / hormone / enzyme named is (made of) protein

or

allow many mitochondria (1)

provide energy to build protein or to make protein (1)

accept ATP for energy
1
[4]

M3. (a) any two from:

• transport up / against concentration gradient / low to high concentration

• uses energy

• use of protein / carrier

2

(b) microvilli – large(r) surface area

accept have carriers
1

mitochondria – release energy or make ATP

do not accept ‘makes energy’
1
[4]

Page 6
 Kingsmead Technology College

M4. (a) any two from:

• large surface / area or many villi or have microvilli

accept big surface / area

• thin surface or thin wall or surface 1-cell thick or

capillaries near surface or permeable or partially permeable
accept they are thin
do not allow thin cell wall

• many blood vessels or many capillaries or capillary network

or good blood supply
ignore ‘constant blood flow’ owtte
ignore extras eg moist or reference to gases

• have enzymes
ignore release enzymes
• accept reference to lacteal as 5th point
• allow reference to having mitochondria
2

(b) (i) small(er) (surface area) / flat(ter) / short(er)

or not as folded
or fewer capillaries owtte
allow small(er) lacteal
ignore references to wide / thick / spread out etc
1

(ii) less absorption (of digested food) / less digestion / diffusion

accept slower for less
accept description of less digestion
accept less food can get in
do not allow zero absorption
do not allow ‘collection’ of nutrients
1
[4]

Page 7