SUBJECT COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP • • Social groups consist of two or more people in the community who

• Social groups consist of two or more people in the community who regularly interact with one another.

QUARTER/WEEK Quarter 1 Week 3 Examples: family, peers and neighborhood, gangs, political parties, labor unions, clubs, or associations or groups
bonded by common likes, interests, attitudes or formal groups.
TOPIC Functions of Communities in Terms of Structures, Dynamics, and Processes • • Status refers to the position or rank a person holds in relation to other members of the community. It can
be ascribed or achieved. An ascribed
NAME OF
STUDENT
• status is that which is assigned at birth or is acquired in the course of one’s life.
STRAND & Examples: age, sex, social class of one’s parents and race or ethnicity.
SECTION • • An achieved status is that which is acquired based on merit or accomplishment in one’s course of life

Example: being a barangay chairperson, a teacher, local doctor, an entrepreneur, or albeit negatively, even a thief or a
drunkard
Learning Task # 1 • • Role refers to the obligations or behaviors expected from an individual based on one’s status in life

Identify the correct word that corresponds to the icons below. Choose the answer from the word pool and write the Examples: A parent is expected to take care of his or her children and ensure their survival, growth and development,
answer in your notebook a school teacher is expected to deliver lectures, assign research activities, and rear the hearts and minds of his or her
students toward the subjects he or she is teaching.

What is Community Cultural Structures?

As cited in (Alipao and Abenir 2016), Community Cultural Structure refers to the institutionalized patterns of ways
of life that are shared, learned, developed, and accepted by people in the community. It consists of basic elements
such as symbols and language, norms, values and beliefs, rituals, and artifacts.
• • Symbols and language - symbols are the shared words, gestures, objects or signals which people in
community use or signals which people in a community use to convey and develop recognizable meanings. Examples
are traffic lights, wedding rings, flags, and logos. Language is a symbolic system that allows people to develop
DISCUSSION complex thoughts and record and explain new ideas either through written communication, oral communication or
What is Community Social Structures? non-verbal actions.
• • Norms refer to specific cultural expectation on how to behave in a given situation. Examples of this are
Based on the book of (Abenir and Alipao 2016), there are four (4) kinds of structures in the community, namely folkways, mores, and laws.
Community social structure, Community cultural structure, Community political structure, and Community economic
• Values and Beliefs – values are the abstract standards in a community that define the ideal principles of what is
structure
good, just, and desirable. Examples are the close family ties, hospitality towards guests. Beliefs are the shared ideas
Community social structure of what is held collectively true by
• • It refers to the rules and expectations that people develop in the community over time to help regulate and • • Rituals- refers to the established sacred or secular procedures and ceremonies that people in the
manage their interaction with one another. It consists of elements such as social institutions, social groups, statuses, community regularly perform. Examples are fasting during Ramadan, throwing a party when one becomes 18 or 21
years old
• • Artifacts – are any objects or things that have special meaning for people in the community. Example are
trophies, won in awards, a monument that commemorates an important person in the community or a statue of a saint
or a deity.

Learning Task # 2 make a short reflection in the statement written below

“Understanding community structure and its characteristics is the key in knowing the profile of the community”

and roles.
•
These are the sub-concepts of Community social structures:

• Social institutions are established patterns of belief and behavior that are centered on addressing basic
social needs of people in the community.
Examples are family, religion, economy, educations, government and health care.
 Vulnerability context pertains to the insecurity in the well-being of individuals and household in the community
which maybe in the form of sudden shocks (conflicts, illnesses, floods, storms, pests and diseases) seasonality (prices
and employment opportunities) and critical trends (demographic, environmental, economic, governance and
technological trends.
• • Business Climate refers to the attitude, laws, regulations, and policies of the government and lending
institutions towards business, enterprises, and business activities.
• • Trade pertains to small, medium, and even large-scale enterprises and business activities involving the
Functions of Communities in Terms of Political and Economic Structures sale and purchase of goods, services, and information.
The social, cultural, political, and economic structures of a community are borne out of daily human interactions that
became established and have a life of its own. Understanding community structures and its characteristics is the key
in knowing the profile of the community Learning Task # 3. Reflect and make an illustration about community economic and political structures. Draw your
illustration in a short bond paper.
What is Community Political Structures?
Instructions:
We have tackled the community social and cultural structures in the previous lesson. Let A.
us us continue in this lesson. According to (Abenir and Alipao 2016), Community political 1.Draw what you predict might happen inside the crystal ball showing your community without community political
and economic structure. Where do you think is the center base located?
structure refers to the people’s established ways allocating power and making decisions 2. Then write in the space below the base of the crystal ball the possible problems that people might encounter.
in running and managing community affairs. 3. List down the importance of these structure to you as a senior high school student.

There are four (4) elements of political structures namely political organizations,
citizenship norms, power relations and leadership structures.

Political organization pertains either to political parties or political groups in the community who engaged in
political activities. Examples are political parties such as party lists, campaign groups, and other political groups.
•Citizenship norms are a shared set of expectations about the citizen’s role in politics.
Power relations pertains to how different groups in the community can interact with and control other groups.
Dominant group are usually those who can control the value systems, rewards and resources of the community while
minority groups are those whose voices are muted and are considered subordinate to either the authority or influence
of the dominant group.
• Leadership Structure refers to the composition of recognized leaders in the community and the lines or workflow
of their authority

What is community Economic Structure?

Community Economic Structure pertains to various organized ways and means through which the people in the
community produce goods and services, allocate limited resources and generate wealth in order to satisfy their needs
and wants. The elements of community economic structure are capital assets, vulnerability context, business climate,
and trade.

Capital Assets refers to property or anything that is owned and has an economic value which is expected to generate
profit for a long period of time. There are five types of assets:
• • Human capital pertains to the labor force in the community and their background in terms of health,
nutrition, educations, knowledge and skills, capacity to work and capacity to adapt.
• • Social capital refers to the collective value of social networks and connections and inclinations that arise B. In a short bond paper, compose a slogan about the functions of the following to the community
to provide mutual support a. Community Social Structure
• • Natural capital refers to land and produce, water and resources, trees and forest products, wildlife, b. Community Cultural Structure
biodiversity, and environmental services.
c. Community Economic Structure
• • Physical capital refers to infrastructure (transport, roads, vehicles, secure shelter and buildings, water
supply and sanitation, energy, communications) and tools and technology (tools and equipment for productions, seed, d. Community Political Structure
fertilizers, pesticides, traditional technology)
• • Financial capital refers to savings, credit and debt, remittances, pensions, and wages
 Fertility -refers to the actual reproductive performance that can be expected of a person, couple, group, or populations
during a woman’s childbearing years.
Mortality – refers to the demographic process relating to death, often summarized by death rates, survival rates, and
life expectancy.
Migration- refers to the process of moving from one place to another. It can be internal, wherein the movement of
people is within the same geographical area or region or external, wherein the movement of people is from a national
boundary to another. Whether migration is internal or external, it can happen in gradual or sudden waves which, in
time has the capability to change the composition of people in the community.

Learning Task#4 make a short reflection on the statement written below

If you assigned to make positive changes in the lives of the people in the situation we are facing today, what would it
be? Do you think understanding the community structure and the community population will serve as an important
step in helping them? How?

What is the functions of Community Dynamics?

Based on the book of (Abenir and Alipao 2016), Community Dynamics refers to the changes that occur in the
community power structure and community population over time

Community power structures are hierarchical interrelationships that govern the interaction of individuals among each
other within a localized group setting.
Example: In a barangay, the community power structures can be observed in the hierarchical interrelationship
between barangay captain and his constituents, between the elite and disadvantaged members of the community, or
between the adult and young members of the community.

Factors Affecting Changes in Community Structures

Authority – a kind of power that one has over another by virtue of an elected position or office appointment that is
based on codified laws and regulations. Often referred to as formal power structure.

Influence – a kind of power that a person possesses over another by virtue of other people’s positive perception of
the former’s competence and ability.
Status – attainment of influence by virtue of family prominence, position held, past achievements, or personal
prestige.
Wealth – attainment of influence by virtue of using one’s money and material resources. SUBJECT COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP
Expertise – attainment of influence by virtue of possessing hard-earned specific knowledge and abilities such as
being a lawyer, banker, entrepreneur, accountant etc. QUARTER/WEEK Quarter 1 Week 4
Charisma – attainment of influence by virtue of having unique qualities of personal magnetism that people naturally
follow, often with blind devotion. TOPIC Typologies in the Community
Power actors are the ones who can alter community affairs. They can control access to community resources and
make policies that can affect people lives NAME OF
STUDENT
Factors Affecting changes Composition of people in the Community
STRAND & SECTION
National Service Training Program (NSTP)
Learning Task # 1
Identify the characteristics of each picture and compare and contrast using the Venn
Suburban are residential or mixed area located at the city, out skirts or within the community distance of a city. Most
Diagram below. Write your answer in your paper people work in the cities, but others opt to work housing subdivisions

Local community is a term often used to denote a geographically bounded community such as territorial areas,
village, barangay, town, city, municipality, province, region, or even an entire country depending on the pointy of
reference.

Global community is a term used to characterize the interconnectivity of people or countries all over the world. Such
interconnectivity is made possible using Internet and information and communications technology.

Urban, rural, and suburban are typologies based on geographic boundaries. It is also based on the resulting
characteristic boundaries borne out of people’s interaction with one another, as a result of the kind environment

TYPES OF COMMUNITY SECTOR

Public Sector – is a term used to denote the government and its agencies. This sector is responsible for promoting the
common good, providing security from external threats, and maintaining peace and order.
Private Sector – is used to refer to businesses or enterprises which are responsible for producing goods and services
to meet people’s need and wants, promoting economic growth, and generating order.
Voluntary Sector also known as non-profit organization is a term usually reserved for NGOs, faith-based
organizations, or civil society organizations that promote the development of the full potential human beings,
safeguard their human rights and pursue socio civic causes for the good of humanity and the environment.
For benefit sector also known as for-benefit corporations is a hybrid merger of the characteristics found in private
and public sectors. This sector integrates social and environmental aims with business approaches and embodies
features like inclusive governance, transparent reporting, fair compensation, environmental responsibility, community
service, and contribution of profits to the common good. (Fourth Sector Network, 2008)
DISCUSSION
A social space is either a geographical or virtual community where people gather or network with one another due to
Typologies in the Communities common interests.
Based on the book of (Abenir and Alipao 2016), a community can be referred to either in terms of geographic Example:
boundary, shared common interest, or emotional and spiritual connection. Communities come in different types • • For geographically based community, these are public parks, clubs, gymnasiums, pubs, town square, or
depending on the quality of human association, the scope of its geographical boundaries, functions of subdivisions, any public areas where people meet and interact with one another.
and avenues of social interaction
• • For virtual community, social space refers to electronic hubs or forums where people use the internet and
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft other social media outlets/platforms as a channel of communication, interaction, and exchange of ideas.

Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft are ideal types of social organizations that were systematically elaborated on by Learning Task #2
German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in his influential work Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887; Community and Answer the following questions based on the facts that you have learned.
Society). 1. Enumerate and explain the different types of communities according to:

Gemeinschaft, or communal society, refers to human associations that are characterized by being intimate, informal, a. Human associations
caring, homogenous, and group welfare oriented.
Gesellschaft or associational society pertains to human associations that characterized by being impersonal, formal, b. Geographic boundaries
rational, heterogenous, and individualistically oriented. Simply put, gemeinschaft are types of communities that are
c. Social space
governed by informal and loose relationship while gesellschaft are types of communities that are governed by formal
and rigid relationship 2. Documentary. You are one of the members of a group of development workers in a non-government organization
(NGO) located in an urban community. You are tasked by your leader to profile a barangay found on a riverbank.
CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNITIES You need to create an audiovisual/visual or written report of the social, cultural, political, and economic condition of
the said barangay. The report should not exceed 10 minutes for audiovisual and 250 words for written and it will be
Urban communities are cities of big towns where there is a large, highly dense, and heterogeneous population. There shown to a Filipino philanthropist, who is willing to fund poverty alleviation projects. Given the limited time, your
is not much open space in urban areas for vegetation, but space is maximized to build public and private report should only highlight key social, cultural, political, and economic problems that need to be addressed and can
infrastructure such as houses, business establishments, road networks, bridges, railways, airports and the like. The be feasibly addressed.
division of labor is complex, and the people’s occupational specialization could be industrial, administrative or
professional. The class status of people is varied ranging from very rich down to the very poor. Learning Task # 3
Make a short reflection regarding the documentary made by Paul Roy about the slums in Manila. Focus on the
Rural communities are territorial areas or villages where there is a small, low density, and homogenous population. following details that you may read and learn from the documentary written below. Identify the reasons why slum
There are lots of open spaces for vegetation and the natural environment. The use of available land is often dedicated communities exist and think of your own solution to the problems.
for agriculture, and if the community is near the coast, nearby waters are used for fisheries. The division is of labor is
based on agricultural or aquatic industries, supported by farming and fishery infrastructure. In the slums of Manila
By: Paul Roy Source: https://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/2014/09/slums-manila-inequality-so-bad-worst-have-no-
In the slums of Manila, inequality is so bad that the worst off have no chance to protest. chance-protest
Independent filmmaker Paul Roy recounts his experiences in the Philippines in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan. On
14 November 2013 Typhoon Haiyan, the most destructive in Filipino history, slammed into the Visayas islands
killing over 6,000 people, injuring tens of thousands and making millions homeless. International media attention
focused squarely on the disaster zone and it was impossible not to be moved by images of the extraordinary
destruction – ships tossed up onto the shore, entire buildings flattened, the exodus of the homeless and bodies being
buried in mass graves.
While these events were catastrophic and the consequences far-reaching, there are pernicious and equally destructive
forces at work every day in the Philippines. Affecting people whose plight is equally grim yet usually invisible, they
are covered only sporadically by the media and whose existence the central government ignores wherever possible –
except at election times.
When Typhoon Haiyan struck, I was making a documentary series over six months in Manila’s infamous Tondo
slums – some of the worst in the country. There are an estimated 4 million slum dwellers (or urban poor as they are
often euphemistically referred to) living in Manila’s sprawling districts. These are the poorest of the poor, the
dispossessed and powerless, squatters packed into crumbling “temporary” tenements or living in shacks slung under
bridges or hovels built on top of toxic waste dumps.
Life is a daily struggle for these squatters whose families can number 12 or 14, giving the Philippines having one of
the highest birth rates in south-east Asia. In the most populous Manila slums, such as “Happyland” or “Aroma” –
occupation runs at 75,000-80,000 people per square mile. One of the densest on earth.

This over population is, I believe, in large part due to the Catholic beliefs of many Filipinos, resulting in a reluctance
to use artificial contraception or education, resulting in fisherman like Gener Pagtabunan and his family to live a life
of poverty. Gener, his wife Lorna and their nine children live in a narrow alleyway in Beseco slum crowded into a
two room shack with a dirt floor, no running water or toilet, cooking on an open fire. Gener, an economic refugee
from the provinces, struggles to make even a subsistence living fishing the polluted and unproductive waters of
Manila harbour.
“You saw it yourself, right? Nothing, not even one fish. Nothing,” says Gener’s wife Lorna plaintively as he returns
empty-handed for the fourth day in a row to face the hungry faces of his children. To make ends meet Lorna
painstakingly peels garlic for hours at time earning $US1 for every 15 kilograms. Just enough for one meal for the
family. Squatting over a tub of unpeeled garlic Lorna laments, “Whenever I have a little food, I just divide it amongst
my children because I know it isn’t enough for all of us. I resent having so many children.”
This conflict between religion and pragmatism is a common dilemma here in the slums. Informal midwife, Remi, sees
it every day as she assists women, often still in their teens, in the squalid slums. She sees first-hand the cycle of
poverty that having large families creates. “I use family planning myself, that’s why I only have five kids,” says Remi
after a long night spent delivering yet another baby into the slums. The baby’s parents are young scavengers, it is
their second child and they live in a claustrophobic room almost entirely filled by a bed and lit only by candle.
“My views conflict with my religion, right?” continues Remi. “The Bible says contraception is bad – especially
ligation. Do you prefer children growing up with no discipline from their parents or do you follow what the Bible
says that family planning is bad?” Several months earlier coastal Baseco slum was hit by tropical storm Trami. Not as
bad as Haiyan, but bad enough. We tracked down Gener and his family along with thousands of others who had been
were evacuated to a typhoon shelter. Around them were scenes of chaos as long lines of the hungry jostled for limited
food.
“We’re starving and we don’t have enough money to buy rice,” said Gener plaintively. “We may as well go home but
it’s not safe.” As hundreds milled around wanting to be first in line if one of the charities donated food, the wife of
Manila’s mayor and former disgraced President Joseph Estrada swept into the centre accompanied by reporters and
camera crews. After a cursory look around, a few photos and PR grabs, she sat down and ate a substantial takeaway
meal – devoured by the hungry eyes of the homeless.

It was typical of the disconnect between the politicians and the people; typical of the arrogance of the rich to the
powerless and poor who make their living off the scraps of the well-to-do. But without poor who do the jobs no one
else will – recycling rubbish, cleaning sewers and drains and sweeping the streets – I suspect that Manila would
choke under its own rubbish in a matter of weeks.
But for the Geners of the world there is no chance to protest or bemoan the inequalities of their world. Consigned by
a lack of education and a lack of action from those who could help, his family is doomed to repeat the cycle of not
enough work, too little income and too many mouths to feed. If the Mayor of Manila or the Mayor’s wife could be
persuaded to have a meal of third grade rice flavoured only with vinegar with them, perhaps then things might be
different.