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Notes For Polyhalogen Compounds

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Sai Kishore
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269 views

Notes For Polyhalogen Compounds

Uploaded by

Sai Kishore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Polyhalogen Compounds

Compiled by,
Dr. Saiharish Raghavan
Arul Institute, Chennai
What are polyhalogen compounds?

• Compounds containing more than one halogen atom


Dichloro methane (methylene dichloride) – CH2Cl2 -
Preparation
• By chlorination of methane:
CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl
CH3Cl + Cl2 → CH2Cl2 + HCl
Dichloro methane (methylene dichloride) – CH2Cl2 - Properties

• Harms CNS
• Lower levels can cause slight impairing of hearing and vision
• Higher levels can cause dizziness, nausea, tingling and numbness in
fingers and toes
• Skin contact can cause intense burning and mild redness
• Direct contact with eyes can burn cornea
Dichloro methane (methylene dichloride) – CH2Cl2 - Uses

• Solvent (process solvent in manufacture of drugs) [its low boiling


point and low inflammability are its advantages]
• Paint remover
• Propellant in aerosols
• Metal cleaning agent
Trichloro methane (Chloroform) – CHCl3 - Preparation

• By chlorination of methane:
CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl
CH3Cl + Cl2 → CH2Cl2 + HCl
CH2Cl2 + Cl2 → CHCl3 + HCl
Trichloro methane (chloroform) – CHCl3 - Uses

• Solvent for fats, alkaloids, iodine, etc


• Production of freon refrigerant R-22
Why chloroform should be stored in air tight dark bottles?

• Chloroform is slowly oxidised by air in the presence of light to


carbonyl chloride or phosgene (COCl2) which is a highly toxic gas
• CHCl3 + O2 → 2 COCl2 + 2 HCl
Triiodo methane (Iodoform) – CHI3

• Acts as an antiseptic due to its ability to liberate free iodine


• Has objectionable smell and hence is replaced by other iodine
containing antiseptics (Povidone iodine [PVP-I])
Tetrachlormethane (carbon tetrachloride) – CCl4

• Preparation: By chlorination of methane:


CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl
CH3Cl + Cl2 → CH2Cl2 + HCl
CH2Cl2 + Cl2 → CHCl3 + HCl
CHCl3 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl
Properties: 1. hepatotoxic (can cause liver cancer); 2. can induce dizziness,
light headedness, nausea and vomiting; 3. can cause permanent damage to
nerve cells; 4. it can even lead to stupor (lack of mental functioning or
consciousness), coma or death; 5. causes depletion of ozone layer
Uses: 1. refrigerants; 2. propellants for aerosol cans; 3. manufacture of CFCs;
4. solvent
Freons
• Chlorofluorocarbons of methane and ethane
• Extremely stable, non reactive, non toxic and non corrosive gases
which can be easily liquified
• Most common freon is Freon 12 (CCl2F2 – dichloro difluoro methane)
• Freon 12 is manufactured from tetrachloro methane by Swarts
reaction: 3 CCl4 + 2 SbF3 → 3 CCl2F2 + 2 SbCl3
• In stratosphere, it initiates radical chain reactions which are
responsible for depletion of ozone layer:
p,pI-dichloro diphenyl trichloro ethane (DDT)

• Preparation:

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