Name: __________________________ Date: _____________

1. A _____ is a numerical descriptive measure of a population.

A) sampling distribution
B) parameter
C) statistic
D) parametric statistic

2. A _____ is any quantity computed from values in a sample.

A) sampling distribution
B) parameter
C) statistic
D) parametric statistic

3. The _____ distribution of a statistic is the probability distribution of the statistic.

A) limiting
B) exponential
C) normal
D) sampling

4. A psychologist randomly samples 28 clinically depressed patients and subjects each

patient to a standardized battery of tests. The average battery test score for the sample is
128. In this example, the number 128 is a:
A) parameter.
B) sampling distribution.
C) statistic.
D) random variable.

5. A sample of 82 mice is observed from birth until they are 1 year old. The total amount
of growth experienced by each mouse is recorded. The median amount of growth of
these mice is 4.5 centimeters. In this example, 4.5 centimeters is a:
A) parameter.
B) sampling distribution.
C) statistic.
D) random variable.

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6. All statistics are:
A) characteristics of a population.
B) fixed quantities.
C) round variables.
D) random variables.

7. We wish to survey high schools in a particular city. If the city has 22 high schools and
we want to select 5 of them, how many unique samples of size 5 are possible?
A) 3,160,080
B) 5,153,632
C) 26,334
D) 2.384 × 1015

8. In the normal process of simple random sampling (SRS), samples are almost always
drawn without replacement. Why is this a problem for the assumptions involved with a
true SRS?
A) Since the samples are drawn without replacement, there will never be enough
samples to accurately calculate a meaningful statistic.
B) Since the samples are drawn without replacement, the process is not really random.
C) Since the samples are drawn without replacement, the samples are not truly
independent as the probability of one sample is affected by previous selections.
D) Since the samples are drawn without replacement, this creates complexity, which
violates the assumption of simplicity.

9. We wish to record the results from two six-sided die rolls. How many unique outcomes
are possible?
A) 15
B) 36
C) 30
D) 64

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10. Consider the following discrete population distribution:
X 2 4 6 8
P(X = x) 0.13 0.34 0.23 0.30

We randomly draw samples of size 5 from this population using the simple random
sampling technique. If we know that mx = 5.4, s x = 2.069, what is the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means?
A)
B)
C)
D)

11. If the population is normal, the sampling distribution of x will be:

A) exactly normal for any sample size.
B) approximately normal for any sample size.
C) exactly normal only if the sample size is large enough.
D) approximately normal only if the sample size is large enough.

12. What effect does increasing the sample size (n) have on the sampling distribution of x ?
A) The mean of the distribution gets smaller.
B) Sample size has no effect on the sampling distribution of x .
C) The variability of the sampling distribution gets smaller.
D) The mean of the distribution gets larger.

13. x is an unbiased estimator of m. This means that the:

A) standard deviation of the sampling distribution of x is the same as the standard
deviation of the underlying distribution (the population) that we want to estimate.
B) mean of the sampling distribution of x is the same as the mean of the underlying
distribution (the population) that we want to estimate.
C) variance of the sampling distribution of x is the same as the variance of the
underlying distribution (the population) that we want to estimate.
D) standard deviation and variance of the sampling distribution of x are the same as
the standard deviation and variance of the underlying distribution (the population)
that we want to estimate.

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14. According to the Central Limit Theorem, as the sample size (n) from a non-normal
population increases:
A) the mean of the sampling distribution of x becomes closer to m, the population
mean.
B) the sample standard deviation goes down.
C) the sampling distribution of x increasingly approximates a normal distribution.
D) there is less problem with non-representative sample bias.

15. Suppose we sample from a population that is heavily skewed right. If the sample size
(n) is large (say, n > 30), then it is safe to model the sampling distribution of x using a
_____ distribution.
A) discrete
B) continuous
C) log-normal
D) normal

16. If the sample size is large (n > 30), then regardless of the population distribution, which
of the following summarizes the sampling distribution of random variable ?
A)
B)
C)
D)

17. Heights of children entering kindergarten are normally distributed with a mean height of
103 cm and a standard deviation of 1.27 cm. What is the probability that a random
sample of 8 children will have an average height more than 103.5 cm?
A) 0.8665
B) 0.6517
C) 0.3483
D) 0.1335

18. The speed at which an automated assembly line produces a product follows a normal
distribution with mean production time of 32.20 seconds and standard deviation of 1.05
seconds. A full production run from this line consists of 20 completed products. What
is the probability that a full production run will take less than 32 seconds on average to
produce?
A) 0.4247
B) 0.1977
C) 0.1900
D) 0.5753

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19. A heavily right-skewed population has a mean of 28 and a standard deviation of 2. What
is the probability that a random sample of 5 from this population will average less than
27?
A) 0.1314
B) 0.3085
C) 0.6915
D) Since the sample size is small and the population is non-normal, the sampling
distribution of x cannot be assumed to be normal.

20. An exponential population has parameter l = 0.012 (hence, m = 83.33, s 2 = 6944.44).

What is the probability that a random sample of 41 from this population will average
between 81 and 84?
A) 0.5199
B) 0.0160
C) 0.0000
D) 0.0913

21. Since ,
A) pˆ will always be the same as p.
B) pˆ is unbiased for p.
C) pˆ must always be < p.
D) pˆ will always be > p.

22. Concerning the sampling distribution of pˆ , what is the significance of both np > 5 and
n(1 – p ) > 5?
A) It is impossible to make any inference on p using pˆ unless this is so.
B) The sampling distribution of pˆ will be approximately normal if these are both met.
C) It is only possible to use pˆ to estimate p if either one of these requirements is met.
D) The value of pˆ will be very close to p if and only if the sample size is large enough
for both statements to be true.

23. If n > 30, we know that the sampling distribution of pˆ will be:
A) approximately normal.
B) exactly normal.
C) suitable for estimating the unknown parameter p.
D) n > 30 alone tells us nothing substantial concerning the sampling distribution of pˆ .

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24. It is believed that 15% of people who fly on commercial airliners are “very concerned”
about the safety of the carrier they have chosen. If this is accurate, what is the
probability that out of 150 randomly selected people who fly on commercial airliners,
between 20 and 25 of them are “very concerned” about the safety of the carrier which
they have chosen?
A) 0.1333
B) 0.0333
C) 0.4314
D) 0.7157

25. If a population is skewed, based on the Central Limit Theorem what is a good rule of
thumb for assuming the sampling distribution of x is approximately normal?
A) np > 5
B) n > 30
C) m > 30
D) n < 30

26. If the population proportion is 0.38, what is if we calculate pˆ using 20 samples?

A) 0.0118
B) 0.1085
C) 0.0190
D) Since n is small, we cannot calculate accurately.

27. An industrial fan is designed to move 2500 cubic feet of air per minute, on average.
Under normal operating conditions, the standard deviation of air volume moved by this
fan is 300 cubic feet per minute. If the fan is operating as designed, what is the
probability that the average of 30 randomly selected measurements of fan capacity will
be less than 2000 cubic feet per minute?
A) 0.0475
B) 0.0000
C) 0.9525
D) 0.913

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28. A department store claims that their average customer satisfaction rating is 28.5. We
believe that this is too high so we randomly sample 40 customers and find a sample
average of 25.2. If the standard deviation of customer satisfaction for this store is 13.1,
what is the probability of observing a sample at least this far below the claimed mean,
assuming the claim is true?
A) 0.9441
B) 0.4013
C) 0.0559
D) 0.2500

29. In a major city in the northwest United States, 28% of the days experience some period
of rain. What is the probability that more than 12 days out of a random sample of 31
days experience some period of rain?
A) 0.0918
B) 0.0806
C) 0.9082
D) 0.3871

30. Let X be the miles per gallon of a particular vehicle.

Suppose X ~ N (m = 18.5, s = 2.2). Find P(18.2 < x < 19) if n = 5.
A) 0.6950
B) 0.9839
C) 0.1467
D) 0.3129

31. There are 268 words in the Gettysburg Address. How many ways are there to select a
simple random sample of 10 words from this population?
A) 26.8
B) 1.11 × 1010
C) 4.44 × 1017
D) 4.68 × 1064

32. Which statement about the Central Limit Theorem is TRUE?

A) The Central Limit Theorem states that the sample mean x is always equal to the
population mean m.
B) The Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the population
mean m is approximately normal provided that n > 30.
C) The Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the sample mean
x is approximately normal for large sample sizes (n > 30).
D) The Central Limit Theorem states that the sample mean x is equal to the
population mean m provided that n > 30.

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33. The standard error of a statistic used as an estimator of a population parameter is the:
A) standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the statistic.
B) variance of the sampling distribution of the statistic.
C) same value as the population standard deviation.
D) square root of the population variance.

34. Consider a large population with a mean of 150 and a standard deviation of 27. A
random sample of size 36 is taken from this population. The standard error of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean is equal to:
A) 4.17.
B) 4.50.
C) 5.20.
D) 5.56.

35. If a population has a variance of 64 and we take a simple random sample of size 25, what
will the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of x be?
A) 0.32
B) 0.625
C) 1.60
D) 3.125

36. A math professor once claimed that 90% of her students pass a particular class of hers.
To check this claim a random sample of 150 students who had taken this class found
that 129 passed the class. If the professor is correct, what is the probability 129 or fewer
of the students in such a sample would pass the class?
A) 0.9484
B) 0.0516
C) 0.5516
D) 0.4484

37. If a population proportion is 0.8 and a sample of size n = 100 is to be randomly selected
from this population, what will the standard deviation of the proportion pˆ be?
A) 0.0258
B) 0.0355
C) 0.0400
D) 0.0538

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38. If the standard error of the sampling distribution of a sample proportion is 0.02049 for
samples of size 500, then the population proportion must be either:
A) 0.2 or 0.8.
B) 0.3 or 0.7.
C) 0.6 or 0.4.
D) 0.15 or 0.85.

39. In a study whose results were published in the British Medical Journal (Willis et al.,
2004), researchers tested whether dogs' sense of smell can be helpful in detecting cancer
in humans. Each dog used in the study was presented with seven urine samples to smell,
with only one of the urine samples coming from a patient suffering from bladder cancer.
Taken as a group, the dogs were tested on 54 trials and they correctly identified the urine
from the cancer patient in 22 trials. If the dogs were just guessing and so had a
probability of success p = 1/7, what is the probability they would be correct in 22 or
more of the 54 trials?
A) 0.000
B) 0.042
C) 0.087
D) 0.168

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