IELTS

WRITING SUCCESS

40 NGÀY CHINH PHỤC

IELTS
WRITING 8.0
TASK
1

40 bài mẫu Band 9 chọn lọc

từ www.ielts-simon.com
Tổng hợp từ vựng cần thiết
cho IELTS Writing Task 1
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CONTENTS
01

02

10

19

27

32

39

45

49

01 Contents
 40 days to

Task 1

Tổng hợp bài mẫu Task 1

dạng LINE GRAPH

02
 The first chart below gives information about the money spent by British parents on their children’s sports between 2008 and
2014. The second chart shows the number of children who participated in three sports in Britain over the same time period.

The line graphs show the average monthly amount that parents in Britain spent on their children’s sporting activities and the number
of British children who took part in three different sports from 2008 to 2014.

It is clear that parents spent more money each year on their children’s participation in sports over the six-year period. In terms of the
number of children taking part, football was significantly more popular than athletics and swimming.

In 2008, British parents spent an average of around £20 per month on their children’s sporting activities. Parents’ spending on
children’s sports increased gradually over the following six years, and by 2014 the average monthly amount had risen to just over £30.

Looking at participation numbers, in 2008 approximately 8 million British children played football, while only 2 million children were
enrolled in swimming clubs and less than 1 million practised athletics. The figures for football participation remained relatively stable
over the following 6 years. By contrast, participation in swimming almost doubled, to nearly 4 million children, and there was a near
fivefold increase in the number of children doing athletics.

03 Essay #01
The graph below shows the amounts of waste produced
by three companies over a period of 15 years.

The line graph compares three companies in terms of their waste

output between the years 2000 and 2015.

It is clear that there were significant changes in the amounts of waste

produced by all three companies shown on the graph. While
companies A and B saw waste output fall over the 15-year period, the
amount of waste produced by company C increased considerably.

In 2000, company A produced 12 tonnes of waste, while companies

B and C produced around 8 tonnes and 4 tonnes of waste material
respectively. Over the following 5 years, the waste output of
companies B and C rose by around 2 tonnes, but the figure for
company A fell by approximately 1 tonne.

From 2005 to 2015, company A cut waste production by roughly 3

tonnes, and company B reduced its waste by around 7 tonnes. By
contrast, company C saw an increase in waste production of
approximately 4 tonnes over the same 10-year period. By 2015,
company C’s waste output had risen to 10 tonnes, while the
respective amounts of waste from companies A and B had dropped
to 8 tonnes and only 3 tonnes.

04 Essay #02
 The line graph compares the percentage of people in three countries who used the Internet between 1999 and 2009.

It is clear that the proportion of the population who used the Internet increased in each country over the period shown.
Overall, a much larger percentage of Canadians and Americans had access to the Internet in comparison with
Mexicans, and Canada experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage.

In 1999, the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA was about 20%. The figures for Canada and Mexico
were lower, at about 10% and 5% respectively. In 2005, Internet usage in both the USA and Canada rose to around 70%
of the population, while the figure for Mexico reached just over 25%.

By 2009, the percentage of Internet users was highest in Canada. Almost 100% of Canadians used the Internet,
compared to about 80% of Americans and only 40% of Mexicans.

05 Essay #03
 The graph below shows the proportion of the popula-
tion aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in
The line graph compares the percentage of people aged 65
three different countries.
or more in three countries over a period of 100 years.

It is clear that the proportion of elderly people increases in

each country between 1940 and 2040. Japan is expected to
see the most dramatic changes in its elderly population.

In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over,

compared to about 7% of Swedish people and 5% of
Japanese people. The proportions of elderly people in the
USA and Sweden rose gradually over the next 50 years,
reaching just under 15% in 1990. By contrast, the figures for
Japan remained below 5% until the early 2000s.

Looking into the future, a sudden increase in the percentage

of elderly people is predicted for Japan, with a jump of over
15% in just 10 years from 2030 to 2040. By 2040, it is thought
that around 27% of the Japanese population will be 65 years
old or more, while the figures for Sweden and the USA will
be slightly lower, at about 25% and 23% respectively.

06 Essay #04
 The graph below shows the average number of UK commuters The line graph compares figures for daily travel by
travelling each day by car, bus or train between 1970 and 2030. workers in the UK using three different forms of
transport over a period of 60 years.

It is clear that the car is by far the most popular means

of transport for UK commuters throughout the period
shown. Also, while the numbers of people who use the
car and train increase gradually, the number of bus
users falls steadily.

In 1970, around 5 million UK commuters travelled by car

on a daily basis, while the bus and train were used by
about 4 million and 2 million people respectively. In the
year 2000, the number of those driving to work rose to
7 million and the number of commuting rail passengers
reached 3 million. However, there was a small drop of
approximately 0.5 million in the number of bus users.

By 2030, the number of people who commute by car is

expected to reach almost 9 million, and the number of
train users is also predicted to rise, to nearly 5 million.
By contrast, buses are predicted to become a less
popular choice, with only 3 million daily users.

07 Essay #05
 The line graph compares average yearly spending by Americans on mobile and landline phone services from 2001 to 2010.

It is clear that spending on landline phones fell steadily over the 10-year period, while mobile phone expenditure rose quickly. The
year 2006 marks the point at which expenditure on mobile services overtook that for residential phone services.

In 2001, US consumers spent an average of nearly $700 on residential phone services, compared to only around $200 on cell
phone services. Over the following five years, average yearly spending on landlines dropped by nearly $200. By contrast,
expenditure on mobiles rose by approximately $300.

In the year 2006, the average American paid out the same amount of money on both types of phone service, spending just over
$500 on each. By 2010, expenditure on mobile phones had reached around $750, while the figure for spending on residential
services had fallen to just over half this amount.

08 Essay #06
 The line graph shows changes in the per capita
consumption of beef, pork, broilers and turkey in the
The graph below shows trends in US meat and poultry consumption.
United States between 1955 and 2012.

It is noticeable that beef was by far the most popular of the

four types of meat for the majority of the 57-year period.
However, a considerable rise can be seen in the
consumption of broilers, with figures eventually
surpassing those for beef.

Between 1955 and 1976, US beef consumption rose from

around 60 to a peak of 90 pounds per person per year.
During the same period, consumption of broilers also
rose, to nearly 30 pounds per person, while the figures for
pork fluctuated between 50 and 40 pounds per person.
Turkey was by far the least popular meat, with figures
below 10 pounds per capita each year.

By 2012, the amount of beef consumed by the average

American had plummeted to around 50 pounds, but the
consumption of broilers had doubled since the 1970s, to
approximately 55 pounds per capita. By contrast, there
were no significant changes in the trends for pork and
turkey consumption over the period as a whole.

09 Essay #07
 40 days to

Task 1

Tổng hợp bài mẫu Task 1

dạng BAR CHART

10
The charts below show the levels of participation in education and
science in developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.

The three bar charts show average years of schooling, numbers

of scientists and technicians, and research and development
spending in developing and developed countries. Figures are
given for 1980 and 1990.

It is clear from the charts that the figures for developed

countries are much higher than those for developing nations.
Also, the charts show an overall increase in participation in
education and science from 1980 to 1990.

People in developing nations attended school for an average of

around 3 years, with only a slight increase in years of schooling
from 1980 to 1990. On the other hand, the figure for
industrialised countries rose from nearly 9 years of schooling in
1980 to nearly 11 years in 1990.

From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists and technicians in

industrialised countries almost doubled to about 70 per 1000
people. Spending on research and development also saw rapid
growth in these countries, reaching $350 billion in 1990. By
contrast, the number of science workers in developing
countries remained below 20 per 1000 people, and research
spending fell from about $50 billion to only $25 billion.

11 Essay #08
 The bar chart compares the time spent by 10 to 15-year-olds
The chart below shows the amount of time that 10 to in the UK on two activities, namely chatting online and
15-year-olds spend chatting on the Internet and playing on playing computer games.
games consoles on an average school day in the UK.
Overall, we can see that playing computer games is
marginally more popular than chatting on the Internet.
However, completely different trends can be seen if we look
at the specific figures for boys and girls.

Boys aged between 10 and 15 clearly favour playing on

games consoles over chatting online. According to the
chart, while 85% of boys play computer games every day,
only 55% chat online daily. Furthermore, the majority of boys
play on their consoles for more than one hour each day, and
10% do this activity for four hours or more.

By contrast, girls prefer chatting online. Close to 70% of 10 to

15-yearold girls engage in online conversation each day,
compared to about 50% of this cohort who play computer
games. Of the girls who do play on console, most of them
play for less than an hour, whereas most girls who chat
online do so for more than one hour, and nearly 10% chat for
four hours or more.

12 Essay #09
 The charts below show the main reasons for study
among students of different age groups and the
amount of support they received from employers.

The bar charts compare students of different ages in terms of why they
are studying and whether they are supported by an employer.

It is clear that the proportion of students who study for career purposes
is far higher among the younger age groups, while the oldest students
are more likely to study for interest. Employer support is more
commonly given to younger students.

Around 80% of students aged under 26 study to further their careers,

whereas only 10% study purely out of interest. The gap between these
two proportions narrows as students get older, and the figures for those
in their forties are the same, at about 40%. Students aged over 49
overwhelmingly study for interest (70%) rather than for professional
reasons (less than 20%).

Just over 60% of students aged under 26 are supported by their

employers. By contrast, the 30-39 age group is the most self-sufficient,
with only 30% being given time off and help with fees. The figures rise
slightly for students in their forties and for those aged 50 or more.

13 Essay #10
 The bar chart compares consumer spending on six different items
in Germany, Italy, France and Britain.

It is clear that British people spent significantly more money than

people in the other three countries on all six goods. Of the six
items, consumers spent the most money on photographic film.

People in Britain spent just over £170,000 on photographic film,

which is the highest figure shown on the chart. By contrast,
Germans were the lowest overall spenders, with roughly the same
figures ( just under £150,000) for each of the six products.

The figures for spending on toys were the same in both France
and Italy, at nearly £160,000. However, while French people spent
more than Italians on photographic film and CDs, Italians paid out
more for personal stereos, tennis racquets and perfumes. The
amount spent by French people on tennis racquets, around
£145,000, is the lowest figure shown on the chart.

14 Essay #11
 The chart below shows numbers of incidents and injuries per The bar chart compares the number of incidents and injuries
100 million passenger miles travelled (PMT) by transportation for every 100 million passenger miles travelled on five
type in 2002. different types of public transport in 2002.

It is clear that the most incidents and injuries took place on

demand-response vehicles. By contrast, commuter rail
services recorded by far the lowest figures.

A total of 225 incidents and 173 injuries, per 100 million

passenger miles travelled, took place on demand-response
transport services. These figures were nearly three times as
high as those for the second highest category, bus services.
There were 76 incidents and 66 people were injured on
buses.

Rail services experienced fewer problems. The number of

incidents on light rail trains equalled the figure recorded for
buses, but there were significantly fewer injuries, at only 39.
Heavy rail services saw lower numbers of such events than
light rail services, but commuter rail passengers were even
less likely to experience problems. In fact, only 20 incidents
and 17 injuries occurred on commuter trains.

15 Essay #12
 The bar graph shows the global sales (in billions
of dollars) of different types of digital games
between 2000 and 2006.

The bar chart compares the turnover in dollars from sales of video games for four different platforms, namely mobile phones,
online, consoles and handheld devices, from 2000 to 2006.

It is clear that sales of games for three out of the four platforms rose each year, leading to a significant rise in total global turnover
over the 7-year period. Sales figures for handheld games were at least twice as high as those for any other platform in almost every
year.

In 2000, worldwide sales of handheld games stood at around $11 billion, while console games earned just under $6 billion. No
figures are given for mobile or online games in that year. Over the next 3 years, sales of handheld video games rose by about $4
billion, but the figure for consoles decreased by $2 billion. Mobile phone and online games started to become popular, with sales
reaching around $3 billion in 2003.

In 2006, sales of handheld, online and mobile games reached peaks of 17, 9 and 7 billion dollars respectively. By contrast, turnover
from console games dropped to its lowest point, at around $2.5 billion.

16 Essay #13
 The two charts compare the populations of France and
India in terms of age distribution by gender in the year
The charts below compare the age structure of the populations 1984.
of France and India in 1984.
It is clear that the population of India was younger than
that of France in 1984, with a noticeably larger proportion
of people aged under 20. France, on the other hand, had
a significantly larger percentage of elderly inhabitants.

In India, close to 14% of people were aged 5 or under,

and each five-year age bracket above this contained an
increasingly smaller proportion of the population.
France’s population, by contrast, was more evenly
distributed across the age ranges, with similar figures
(around 7% to 8% of all people) for each five-year cohort
between the ages of 0 and 40. Somewhere between 10%
and 15% of all French people were aged 70 or older, but
the equivalent figure for India was only 2%.

Looking more closely at gender, there was a noticeably

higher proportion of French women than men in every
cohort from age 50 upwards. For example, almost 3% of
French 70- to 75-year-olds were women, while just under
2% were men. No significant gender differences can be
seen on the Indian population chart.

17 Essay #14
 The chart gives information about UK immigration,
emigration and net migration between 1999 and 2008.

Both immigration and emigration rates rose over the period

shown, but the figures for immigration were significantly
higher. Net migration peaked in 2004 and 2007.

In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in the UK, while

the number of people who emigrated stood at just under
300,000. The figure for net migration was around 160,000,
and it remained at a similar level until 2003. From 1999 to
2004, the immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000 people,
but there was a much smaller rise in emigration. Net
migration peaked at almost 250,000 people in 2004.

After 2004, the rate of immigration remained high, but the

number of people emigrating fluctuated. Emigration fell
suddenly in 2007, before peaking at about 420,000 people
in 2008. As a result, the net migration figure rose to around
240,000 in 2007, but fell back to around 160,000 in 2008.

18 Essay #15
 40 days to

Task 1

Tổng hợp bài mẫu Task 1

dạng PROCESS

19
 The diagram below shows the life cycle of
a salmon, from egg to adult fish.

The diagram illustrates the stages in the life of the salmon, from birth to
maturity.

It is clear that there are six* main stages as the salmon develops from egg to
mature adult. We can also see that salmon spend time in three distinct
locations during the cycle, moving from river to estuary to ocean and then
back upstream.

Salmon begin their lives in rivers where the adult fish lay and incubate their
eggs. After emerging from eggs, the young salmon spend the next stage of
their lives being reared in freshwater areas. Then, at some point in their
development, the fish swim downstream to river estuaries where
rearing continues.

Following the estuary rearing period, the maturing salmon migrate to the
ocean, where they eventually become fully grown adults. Finally, the adult fish
travel back upstream to spawning areas of rivers; here they reproduce and lay
their eggs, and the life cycle begins anew.

20
 The diagrams below show some principles of house design for cool and for warm climates.

The diagrams show how house designs differ according to climate.

The most noticeable difference between houses designed for cool and warm climates is in the shape of the roof. The
designs also differ with regard to the windows and the use of insulation.

We can see that the cool climate house has a high-angled roof, which allows sunlight to enter through the window. By
contrast, the roof of the warm climate house has a peak in the middle and roof overhangs to shade the windows. Insulation
and thermal building materials are used in cool climates to reduce heat loss, whereas insulation and reflective materials
are used to keep the heat out in warm climates.

Finally, the cool climate house has one window which faces the direction of the sun, while the warm climate house has
windows on two sides which are shaded from the sun. By opening the two windows at night, the house designed for warm
climates can be ventilated.

21 Essay #17
 The diagram below shows the water cycle, which
is the continuous movement of water on, above
and below the surface of the Earth.

The picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land during the natural process known as the water cycle.

Three main stages are shown on the diagram. Ocean water evaporates, falls as rain, and eventually runs back into the oceans again.

Beginning at the evaporation stage, we can see that 80% of water vapour in the air comes from the oceans. Heat from the sun causes
water to evaporate, and water vapour condenses to form clouds. At the second stage, labelled ‘precipitation’ on the diagram, water
falls as rain or snow.

At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater may take various paths. Some of it may fall into lakes or return to the oceans via ‘surface
runoff’. Otherwise, rainwater may filter through the ground, reaching the impervious layer of the earth. Salt water intrusion is shown
to take place just before groundwater passes into the oceans to complete the cycle.

22 Essay #18
 The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of
Meteorology collects up-to-the-minute information on the
weather in order to produce reliable forecasts.

The figure illustrates the process used by the Australian

Bureau of Meteorology to forecast the weather.

There are four stages in the process, beginning with the

collection of information about the weather. This
information is then analysed, prepared for presentation,
and finally broadcast to the public.

Looking at the first and second stages of the process, there

are three ways of collecting weather data and three ways
of analysing it. Firstly, incoming information can be
received by satellite and presented for analysis as a
satellite photo. The same data can also be passed to a
radar station and presented on a radar screen or synoptic
chart. Secondly, incoming information may be collected
directly by radar and analysed on a radar screen or
synoptic chart. Finally, drifting buoys also receive data
which can be shown on a synoptic chart.

At the third stage of the process, the weather broadcast is

prepared on computers. Finally, it is delivered to the public
on television, on the radio, or as a recorded telephone
announcement.

23 Essay #19
 The diagrams below show how houses can be protected in areas which are prone to flooding.

The diagrams compare two different methods of defence for homes which are at risk of being flooded.

The key difference between the diagrams is that they show flood protection with and without a stopbank. In either case,
the at-risk home is raised on stilts above ground level.

The first diagram shows how a stopbank acts as a flood barrier to stop river water from flooding homes. The stopbank
is a small mound of land next to the river that is higher than the 100-year flood level, and prevents the river from bursting
its banks. Nearby houses can be built on stilts to prevent flooding from rainwater, and a floodgate beneath the stopbank
can be opened to allow this ‘ponding’ to drain off into the river.

When there is no stopbank, as shown in the second diagram, there will be nothing to stop the river from flooding. In this
case, the solution is to put buildings on stilts. The height of the stilts is measured so that the floor of the house is 300mm
above the 100-year flood level. This measurement is called the ‘freeboard’.

24 Essay #20
 The diagram shows the life cycle of the honey bee.

The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a

honey bee. We can see that the complete life cycle lasts
between 34 and 36 days. It is also noticeable that there
are five main stages in the development of the honey
bee, from egg to mature adult insect.

The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female
adult lays an egg; the female typically lays one or two
eggs every 3 days. Between 9 and 10 days later, each
egg hatches and the immature insect, or nymph,
appears.

During the third stage of the life cycle, the nymph grows
in size and sheds its skin three times. This moulting first
takes place 5 days after the egg hatches, then 7 days
later, and again another 9 days later. After a total of 30 to
31 days from the start of the cycle, the young adult honey
bee emerges from its final moulting stage, and in the
space of only 4 days it reaches full maturity.

25 Essay #21
 The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.

The flow chart shows how waste paper is recycled. It is clear that there are six distinct stages in this process, from the
initial collection of waste paper to the eventual production of usable paper.

At the first stage in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected either from paper banks, where members of
the public leave their used paper, or directly from businesses. This paper is then sorted by hand and separated
according to its grade, with any paper that is not suitable for recycling being removed. Next, the graded paper is
transported to a paper mill.

Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning. The paper is cleaned and pulped, and foreign objects such
as staples are taken out. Following this, all remnants of ink and glue are removed from the paper at the de-inking
stage. Finally, the pulp can be processed in a paper making machine, which makes the end product: usable paper.

26 Essay #22
 40 days to

Task 1

Tổng hợp bài mẫu Task 1

dạng PIE CHART

27
 The pie charts compare the expenditure of a school in the
UK in three different years over a 20-year period.

It is clear that teachers’ salaries made up the largest

proportion of the school’s spending in all three years (1981,
1991 and 2001). By contrast, insurance was the smallest cost
in each year.

In 1981, 40% of the school’s budget went on teachers’

salaries. This figure rose to 50% in 1991, but fell again by 5%
in 2001. The proportion of spending on other workers’
wages fell steadily over the 20-year period, from 28% of the
budget in 1981 to only 15% in 2001.

Expenditure on insurance stood at only 2% of the total in

1981, but reached 8% in 2001. Finally, the percentages for
resources and furniture/equipment fluctuated. The figure
for resources was highest in 1991, at 20%, and the
proportion of spending on furniture and equipment
reached its peak in 2001, at 23%.

28 Essay #23
 Distribution of visitors different types of tourist attractions in Britain, 1999
Wildlife Parks & Zoos
9%
Historic Houses
& Monuments
16% Blackpool Pleasure Beach (47%)
Theme
Parks
38%

Alton Towers (17%)

Pleasureland, Southport (16%)

Chessington World of Advantures (10%)
Legoland, Windsor (10%)
Museums & Galleries
37%

The pie chart compares figures for visitors to four categories of tourist attraction and to five different theme parks in Britain in 1999.

It is clear that theme parks and museums / galleries were the two most popular types of tourist attraction in that year. Blackpool
Pleasure Beach received by far the highest proportion of visitors in the theme park sector.

Looking at the information in more detail, we can see that 38% of the surveyed visitors went to a theme park, and 37% of them went
to a museum or gallery. By contrast, historic houses and monuments were visited by only 16% of the sample, while wildlife parks and
zoos were the least popular of the four types of tourist attraction, with only 9% of visitors.

In the theme park sector, almost half of the people surveyed (47%) had been to Blackpool Pleasure Beach. Alton Towers was the
second most popular amusement park, with 17% of the sample, followed by Pleasureland in Southport, with 16%. Finally, Chessington
World of Adventures and Legoland Windsor had each welcomed 10% of the survayed visitors.

29 Essay #24
 The charts below show the results of a questionnaire that asked visitors to the Parkway Hotel how they rated
the hotel's customer service. The same questionnaire was given to 100 guests in the years 2005 and 2010.

The pie charts compare visitors’ responses to a survey about customer service at the Parkway Hotel in 2005 and in 2010.

It is clear that overall customer satisfaction increased considerably from 2005 to 2010. While most hotel guests rated
customer service as satisfactory or poor in 2005, a clear majority described the hotel’s service as good or excellent in 2010.

Looking at the positive responses first, in 2005 only 5% of the hotel’s visitors rated its customer service as excellent, but
this figure rose to 28% in 2010. Furthermore, while only 14% of guests described customer service in the hotel as good in
2005, almost three times as many people gave this rating five years later.

With regard to negative feedback, the proportion of guests who considered the hotel’s customer service to be poor fell from
21% in 2005 to only 12% in 2010. Similarly, the proportion of people who thought customer service was very poor dropped
from 15% to only 4% over the 5-year period. Finally, a fall in the number of ‘satisfactory’ ratings in 2010 reflects the fact that
more people gave positive responses to the survey in that year.

30 Essay #25
 The pie charts below compare water usage in San Diego, California and the rest of the world.

The pie charts give information about the water used for residential, industrial and agricultural purposes in San Diego
County, California, and the world as a whole.

It is noticeable that more water is consumed by homes than by industry or agriculture in the two American regions. By
contrast, agriculture accounts for the vast majority of water used worldwide.

In San Diego County and California State, residential water consumption accounts for 60% and 39% of total water usage.
By contrast, a mere 8% of the water used globally goes to homes. The opposite trend can be seen when we look at water
consumption for agriculture. This accounts for a massive 69% of global water use, but only 17% and 28% of water usage in
San Diego and California respectively.

Such dramatic differences are not seen when we compare the figures for industrial water use. The same proportion of water
(23%) is used by industry in San Diego and worldwide, while the figure for California is 10% higher, at 33%.

31 Essay #26
 40 days to

Task 1

Tổng hợp bài mẫu Task 1

dạng TABLES

32
 The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.

The table shows data about the underground rail networks in six major cities.

The table compares the six networks in terms of their age, size and the number of people who use them each year. It is clear
that the three oldest underground systems are larger and serve significantly more passengers than the newer systems.

The London underground is the oldest system, having opened in 1863. It is also the largest system, with 394 kilometres of
route. The second largest system, in Paris, is only about half the size of the London underground, with 199 kilometres of
route. However, it serves more people per year. While only third in terms of size, the Tokyo system is easily the most used,
with 1927 million passengers per year.

Of the three newer networks, the Washington DC underground is the most extensive, with 126 kilometres of route, compared
to only 11 kilometres and 28 kilometres for the Kyoto and Los Angeles systems. The Los Angeles network is the newest,
having opened in 2001, while the Kyoto network is the smallest and serves only 45 million passengers per year.

33 Essay #27
 The tables below give information about sales of Fair-
trade*-labelled coffee and bananas in 1999 and 2004
in five European countries.
The tables show the amount of money spent on Fairtrade coffee
and bananas in two separate years in the UK, Switzerland, Denmark,
Belgium and Sweden.

It is clear that sales of Fairtrade coffee rose in all five European

countries from 1999 to 2004, but sales of Fairtrade bananas only
went up in three out of the five countries. Overall, the UK saw by far
the highest levels of spending on the two products.

In 1999, Switzerland had the highest sales of Fairtrade coffee, at €3

million, while revenue from Fairtrade bananas was highest in the
UK, at €15 million. By 2004, however, sales of Fairtrade coffee in the
UK had risen to €20 million, and this was over three times higher
than Switzerland’s sales figure for Fairtrade coffee in that year. The
year 2004 also saw dramatic increases in the money spent on
Fairtrade bananas in the UK and Switzerland, with revenues rising
by €32 million and €4.5 million respectively.

Sales of the two Fairtrade products were far lower in Denmark,

Belgium and Sweden. Small increases in sales of Fairtrade coffee
can be seen, but revenue remained at €2 million or below in all
*Fairtrade: a category of products for which farmers from three countries in both years. Finally, it is noticeable that the money
developing countries have been paid an officially agreed fair price. spent on Fairtrade bananas actually fell in Belgium and Sweden.

40 ngày thử thách IELTS Writing 8.0 Essay #28

 The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items
in five different countries in 2002.

Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category - 2002

The table shows percentages of consumer expenditure for three categories of products and services in five countries in 2002.

It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in each country went on food, drinks and tobacco. On the other
hand, the leisure/education category has the lowest percentages in the table.

Out of the five countries, consumer spending on food, drinks and tobacco was noticeably higher in Turkey, at 32.14%, and
Ireland, at nearly 29%. The proportion of spending on leisure and education was also highest in Turkey, at 4.35%, while
expenditure on clothing and footwear was significantly higher in Italy, at 9%, than in any of the other countries.

It can be seen that Sweden had the lowest percentages of national consumer expenditure for food/drinks/tobacco and for
clothing/footwear, at nearly 16% and just over 5% respectively. Spain had slightly higher figures for these categories, but the
lowest figure for leisure/education, at only 1.98%.

35 Essay #29
 The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families
living in poverty in Australia in 1999.

The table gives information about poverty rates among six types of household in Australia in the year 1999.

It is noticeable that levels of poverty were higher for single people than for couples, and people with children were
more likely to be poor than those without. Poverty rates were considerably lower among elderly people.

Overall, 11% of Australians, or 1,837,000 people, were living in poverty in 1999. Aged people were the least likely to be
poor, with poverty levels of 6% and 4% for single aged people and aged couples respectively.

Just over one fifth of single parents were living in poverty, whereas only 12% of parents living with a partner were
classed as poor. The same pattern can be seen for people with no children: while 19% of single people in this group
were living below the poverty line, the figure for couples was much lower, at only 7%.

36 Essay #30
 The table compares the percentages of people using different functions of their mobile phones between 2006 and 2010.

Throughout the period shown, the main reason why people used their mobile phones was to make calls. However, there
was a marked increase in the popularity of other mobile phone features, particularly the Internet search feature.

In 2006, 100% of mobile phone owners used their phones to make calls, while the next most popular functions were text
messaging (73%) and taking photos (66%). By contrast, less than 20% of owners played games or music on their phones,
and there were no figures for users doing Internet searches or recording video.

Over the following 4 years, there was relatively little change in the figures for the top three mobile phone features.
However, the percentage of people using their phones to access the Internet jumped to 41% in 2008 and then to 73% in
2010. There was also a significant rise in the use of mobiles to play games and to record video, with figures reaching 41%
and 35% respectively in 2010.

37 Essay #31
 The table below shows the amount of waste production (in millions of
tonnes) in six different countries over a twenty-year period.

The chart compares the amounts of waste that were produced in six countries in the years 1980, 1990 and 2000.

In each of these years, the US produced more waste than Ireland, Japan, Korea, Poland and Portugal combined. It is also noticeable that
Korea was the only country that managed to reduce its waste output by the year 2000.

Between 1980 and 2000, waste production in the US rose from 131 to 192 million tonnes, and rising trends were also seen in Japan, Poland
and Portugal. Japan’s waste output increased from 28 to 53 million tonnes, while Poland and Portugal saw waste totals increase from 4
to 6.6 and from 2 to 5 million tonnes respectively.

The trends for Ireland and Korea were noticeably different from those described above. In Ireland, waste production increased more than
eightfold, from only 0.6 million tonnes in 1980 to 5 million tonnes in 2000. Korea, by contrast, cut its waste output by 12 million tonnes
between 1990 and 2000.

38 Essay #32
 40 days to

Task 1

Tổng hợp bài mẫu Task 1

dạng MAPS

39
The two maps below show an island, before and after the
construction of some tourist facilities.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant

The diagrams illustrate some changes to a small island

which has been developed for tourism.

It is clear that the island has changed considerably with

the introduction of tourism, and six new features can be
seen in the second diagram. The main developments are
that the island is accessible and visitors have somewhere
to stay.

Looking at the maps in more detail, we can see that small

huts have been built to accommodate visitors to the
island. The other physical structures that have been
added are a reception building, in the middle of the
island, and a restaurant to the north of the reception.
Before these developments, the island was completely
bare apart from a few trees.

As well as the buildings mentioned above, the new

facilities on the island include a pier, where boats can
dock. There is also a short road linking the pier with the
reception and restaurant, and footpaths connect the
huts. Finally, there is a designated swimming area for
tourists off a beach on the western tip of the island.

40 Essay #33
Village of Chorleywood showing development between 1860 and 1994
The map shows the growth of a village called
Chorleywood between 1868 and 1994.

It is clear that the village grew as the transport

infrastructure was improved. Four periods of
development are shown on the map, and each of
the populated areas is near to the main roads, the
railway or the motorway.

From 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood covered a small

area next to one of the main roads. Chorleywood
Park and Golf Course is now located next to this
original village area. The village grew along the
main road to the south between 1883 and 1922,
and in 1909 a railway line was built crossing this
area from west to east. Chorleywood station is in
this part of the village.

The expansion of Chorleywood continued to the

east and west alongside the railway line until 1970.
At that time, a motorway was built to the east of the
village, and from 1970 to 1994, further
development of the village took place around
motorway intersections with the railway and one of
the main roads.

41 Essay #34
 The diagrams below show the site of a
school in 2004 and the plan for changes to
the school site in 2024.

The two pictures compare the layout of a school as it was in the year 2004 with
a proposed site design for the year 2024.

It is clear that the main change for 2024 involves the addition of a new school
building. The school will then be able to accommodate a considerably larger
number of students.

In 2004, there were 600 pupils attending the school, and the two school
buildings were separated by a path running from the main entrance to the
sports field. By 2024, it is expected that there will be 1000 pupils, and a third
building will have been constructed. Furthermore, the plan is to join the two
original buildings together, creating a shorter path that links the buildings only.

As the third building and a second car park will be built on the site of the
original sports field, a new, smaller sports field will need to be laid. A new road
will also be built from the main entrance to the second car park. Finally, no
changes will be made to the main entrance and original car park.

42 Essay #35
 The diagrams below are existing and proposed floor plans for the
redevelopment of an art gallery.

The first picture shows the layout of an art gallery, and

the second shows some proposed changes to the
gallery space.

It is clear that significant changes will be made in terms

of the use of floor space in the gallery. There will be a
completely new entrance and more space for
exhibitions.

At present, visitors enter the gallery through doors

which lead into a lobby. However, the plan is to move
the entrance to the Parkinson Court side of the building,
and visitors will walk straight into the exhibition area. In
place of the lobby and office areas, which are shown on
the existing plan, the new gallery plan shows an
education area and a small storage area.

The permanent exhibition space in the redeveloped

gallery will be about twice as large as it is now because
it will occupy the area that is now used for temporary
exhibitions. There will also be a new room for special
exhibitions. This room is shown in red on the existing
plan and is not currently part of the gallery.

43 Essay #36
 The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new
supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two
possible sites for the supermarket.

The map shows two potential locations (S1 and S2) for a
new supermarket in a town called Garlsdon.

The main difference between the two sites is that S1 is

outside the town, whereas S2 is in the town centre. The
sites can also be compared in terms of access by road or
rail, and their positions relative to three smaller towns.

Looking at the information in more detail, S1 is in the

countryside to the north west of Garlsdon, but it is close to
the residential area of the town. S2 is also close to the
housing area, which surrounds the town centre.

There are main roads from Hindon, Bransdon and

Cransdon to Garlsdon town centre, but this is a no traffic
zone, so there would be no access to S2 by car. By
contrast, S1 lies on the main road to Hindon, but it would
be more difficult to reach from Bransdon and Cransdon.
Both supermarket sites are close to the railway that runs
through Garlsdon from Hindon to Cransdon.

44 Essay #37
 40 days to

Task 1

Tổng hợp bài mẫu Task 1

dạng MULTIPLE GRAPHS

45
 The charts compare the amount of water used for
The graph and table below give information about water use agriculture, industry and homes around the world, and
worldwide and water consumption in two different countries. water use in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

It is clear that global water needs rose significantly

between 1900 and 2000, and that agriculture accounted
for the largest proportion of water used. We can also see
that water consumption was considerably higher in Brazil
than in the Congo.

In 1900, around 500km³ of water was used by the

agriculture sector worldwide. The figures for industrial and
domestic water consumption stood at around one fifth of
that amount. By 2000, global water use for agriculture had
increased to around 3000km³, industrial water use had
risen to just under half that amount, and domestic
consumption had reached approximately 500km³.

In the year 2000, the populations of Brazil and the Congo

were 176 million and 5.2 million respectively. Water
consumption per person in Brazil, at 359m³, was much
higher than that in the Congo, at only 8m³, and this could
be explained by the fact that Brazil had 265 times more
irrigated land.

46 Essay #38
 The climograph below shows average monthly tempera-
tures and rainfall in the city of Kolkata.
The chart compares average figures for temperature and
precipitation over the course of a calendar year in Kolkata.

It is noticeable that monthly figures for precipitation in Kolkata

vary considerably, whereas monthly temperatures remain
relatively stable. Rainfall is highest from July to August, while
temperatures are highest in April and May.

Between the months of January and May, average

temperatures in Kolkata rise from their lowest point at around
20°C to a peak of just over 30°C. Average rainfall in the city also
rises over the same period, from approximately 20mm of rain in
January to 100mm in May.

While temperatures stay roughly the same for the next four
months, the amount of rainfall more than doubles between May
and June. Figures for precipitation remain above 250mm from
June to September, peaking at around 330mm in July. The final
three months of the year see a dramatic fall in precipitation, to a
low of about 10mm in December, and a steady drop in
temperatures back to the January average.

47 Essay #39
 The chart below shows the total number of Olympic medals
won by twelve different countries.

The bar chart compares twelve countries in terms of the overall number of medals that they have won at the Olympic Games.

It is clear that the USA is by far the most successful Olympic medal winning nation. It is also noticeable that the figures for
gold, silver and bronze medals won by any particular country tend to be fairly similar.

The USA has won a total of around 2,300 Olympic medals, including approximately 900 gold medals, 750 silver and 650
bronze. In second place on the all-time medals chart is the Soviet Union, with just over 1,000 medals. Again, the number of
gold medals won by this country is slightly higher than the number of silver or bronze medals.

Only four other countries - the UK, France, Germany and Italy - have won more than 500 Olympic medals, all with similar
proportions of each medal colour. Apart from the USA and the Soviet Union, China is the only other country with a noticeably
higher proportion of gold medals (about 200) compared to silver and bronze (about 100 each).

48 Essay #40
 40 days to

Task 1

Tổng hợp từ vựng cần biết

cho IELTS WRITING TASK 1

49
Lexical Resource là một trong bốn tiêu chí chấm điểm trong Writing. Chính vì vậy, bài viết IELTS Writing Task 1 yêu cầu bạn phải có một lượng
từ vựng nhất định để miêu tả, so sánh các dữ liệu cho sẵn trong biểu đồ, bảng số liệu hay bản đồ. Việc sử dụng từ ngữ phù hợp, diễn giải các
thông tin theo một logic, rõ ràng chắc chắn sẽ giúp bạn sẽ đạt điểm cao trong phần thi này.

Bài viết dưới đây tổng hợp sẽ tổng hợp tất cả từ vựng cần thiết để bạn có thể tham khảo cho bài viết Task 1 của mình.

Để đạt điểm cao trong tiêu chí Lexical Resource bạn cần:
• Sử dụng các synonyms chính xác
• Sử dụng đa dạng từ vựng, tránh lỗi lặp từ (trừ một số từ không thể thay thế được)
• Tránh sử dụng các từ ngữ phổ biến (điển hình là các từ very + adj)
• Sử dụng từ ngữ phù hợp với ngữ cảnh

Ví dụ về một số synonym phổ biến trong Task 1:

50 Vocabulary
Nhìn chung, tất cả các bài viết IELTS Writing Task 1 đều tuân theo một bố cục chung:
1. Introduction
2. Overview
3. Body Paragraph 1
4. Body Paragraph 2

Từ vựng cho phần Introduction

Mỗi đoạn văn trong bài IELTS Writing Task 1 sẽ có một cấu trúc riêng, vì vậy việc trang bị đủ lượng từ vựng sẽ giúp bài viết tốt hơn và tiết kiệm
thời gian làm bài hơn.

51 Vocabulary
Ví dụ:
• The diagram shows employment rates among adults in four European countries from 1925 to 1985.
• The given pie charts represent the proportion of male and female employees in 6 broad categories, dividing into manual and non-manual
occupations in Australia, between 2010 and 2015.
• The chart gives information about consumer expenditures on six products in four countries namely Germany, Italy, Britain and France.
• The supplied bar graph compares the number of male and female graduates in three developing countries while the table data presents
the overall literacy rate in these countries.
• The bar graph and the table data depict the water consumption in different sectors in five regions.
• The bar graph enumerates the money spent on different research projects while the column graph demonstrates the fund sources over
a decade, commencing from 1981.
• The line graph delineates the proportion of male and female employees in three different sectors in Australia between 2010 and 2015.

Một số lưu ý khi viết Introduction:

• Nếu đề bài có 1 biểu đồ thì động từ có “s”. VD: gives data on, shows, presents, v.v. Còn đề bài cho nhiều biểu đồ thì phải lưu ý không có
“s” sau động từ.
• Bạn phải paraphrase đề bài. Nếu sử dụng y nguyên các từ đề bài cho sẵn thì phần Introduction của bạn sẽ không được tính vào word
count (số từ của bài viết) và bạn sẽ bị trừ điểm (trừ một số từ đặc biệt, không có từ thay thế).
• Nếu đề bài cho nhiều biểu đồ khác nhau thì bạn có thể giới thiệu mỗi biểu đồ thể hiện điều gì, và sử dụng “while” để nối giữa 2 vế. Ví dụ:
The given bar graph shows the amount spent on fast food items in 2009 in the UK, while the pie chart presents a comparison of people’s
ages who spent more on fast food.
• Phần Introduction tạo ra ấn tượng ban đầu cho giám khảo về khả năng viết của bạn. Nếu bạn viết Introduction không tốt thì dù phần Body
Paragraph có hay, người chấm cũng đã có định kiến về bạn. Do đó, một câu mở đầu tốt chắc chắn sẽ giúp bạn đạt điểm cao hơn.
• Với dạng đề cho nhiều biểu đồ, bạn có thể câu Introduction gộp chung giữa chúng thay vì giới thiệu từng biểu đồ (khi sử dụng cách viết
này, bạn cần chắc chắn rằng mình có khả năng viết câu phức chuẩn ngữ pháp). Ví dụ: The two pie charts and the column graph in
combination depicts a picture of the crime in Australia from 2005 to 2015 and the percentages of young offenders during this period."
• Phần Introduction cần đề cập đến 3 yếu tố: What + Where + When. Ví dụ: The diagram presents information on the percentages of
teachers who have expressed their views about the different problems they face when dealing with children in three Australian schools
from 2001 to 2005.
→ What = the percentages of teachers ...
→ Where = three Australian schools ...
→ When = from 2001 to 2005 ...

52 Vocabulary
Một số lưu ý khi viết Overview:

Bạn lưu ý không đưa các số liệu chi tiết vào Overview, mà chỉ đề cập đến những đặc điểm hoặc xu hướng nổi bật nhất của biểu đồ.

Ví dụ:
• Không nên: A glance at the graphs reveals that 70% male were employed in 2001 while 40 thousand women in this year had jobs.
• Nên: A glance at the graphs reveals that more men were employed than their female counterpart in 2001 and almost two-third females
were jobless in the same year.

Từ vựng cho phần Overview:

In general, In common, Generally speaking, Overall, It is obvious, As is observed, As a general trend, As can be seen, As an overall trend,
As is presented, It can be clearly seen that, At the first glance, it is clear, At the onset, it is clear that, A glance at the graphs reveals that, v.v.

Ví dụ:
• In general, the employment opportunities increased till 1970 and then declined throughout the next decade.
• As is observed, the figures for imprisonment in the five mentioned countries show no overall pattern, rather shows the considerable
fluctuations from country to country.
• Generally speaking, citizens in the USA had a far better life standard than that of remaining countries.
• As can be seen, the highest number of passengers used the London Underground station at 8:00 in the morning and at 6:00 in the
evening.
• Generally speaking, more men were engaged in managerial positions in 1987 than that of women in New York this year.
• As an overall trend, the number of crimes reported increased fairly rapidly until the mid-seventies, remained constant for five years and
finally, dropped to 20 cases a week after 1982.
• At a first glance, it is clear that more percentages of native university pupils violated regulations and rules than the foreign students did
during this period.
• At the onset, it is clear that drinking in public and drink driving were the most common reasons for US citizens to be arrested in 2014.
Overall, the leisure hours enjoyed by males, regardless of their employment status, was much higher than that of women.

53 Vocabulary
Từ vựng cho phần Body Paragraph

Sau khi viết câu Introduction và Overview, bạn có thể bắt đầu viết phần Body Paragraph để mô tả chi tiết biểu đồ.

Sau đây là một số gợi để mở đầu một đoạn Body Paragraph:

As is presented in the diagram(s)/ graph(s)/ pie chart(s)/ table...

As (is) shown in the illustration…
As can be seen in the…
As the diagrams suggest…
According to the…
Categorically speaking…
Getting back to the details…
Now, turning to the details…
The table data clearly shows that…
The diagram reveals that…
The data suggest that..
The graph gives the figure...
It is interesting to note that…
It is apparently seen that...
It is conspicuous that...
It is explicitly observed that..
It is obvious...
It is clear from the data....
It is worth noticing that...
It is crystal clear/ lucid that..
It can be clearly observed that...
It could be plainly seen that...
It could be noticed that...
We can see that

54 Vocabulary
Từ vựng thể hiện sự thay đổi trong biểu đồ

55 Vocabulary
Một số tips sử dụng từ vựng:
• Sử dụng “improve/”an improvement” để miêu tả các tình hình, ví dụ như tình trạng kinh tế hay điều kiện công ăn việc làm. Để biểu hiện
các con số bạn có thể sử dụng các động từ hoặc danh từ như “increase”.
• Không sử dụng cùng một từ/cụm từ nhiều lần
• Bạn cần sử dụng đa dạng từ vựng cũng như mẫu câu để đạt được số điểm cao

56 Vocabulary
Từ vựng diễn tả mức độ thay đổi trong đồ thị:

Ví dụ:
• The economic inflation of the country increased sharply by 20% in 2008.There was a sharp drop in the industrial production in the year
2009.
• The demand for new houses dramatically increased in 2002.
• The population of the country dramatically increased in the last decade.
• The price of the oil moderately increased during the last quarter but as a consequence, the price of daily necessity rapidly went up.

57 Vocabulary
Từ vựng diễn tả sự dao động thường xuyên

Ví dụ:
• The price of the goods fluctuated during the first three months in 2017.
• The graph shows the oscillations of the price from 1998 to 2002.
• The passenger number in this station oscillates throughout the day and in early morning and evening, it remains busy.
• The changes of car production in Japan shows a palpitation for the second quarter of the year.
• The number of students in debate clubs fluctuated in different months of the year and rapid ups and downs could be observed in the last
three months of this year.

Một số lưu ý khi mô tả các biến động trong biến đổi

- Không diễn tả tất cả số liệu trong biểu đồ. Bạn chỉ nên chọn từ 5-7 thay đổi nổi bật và đưa ra sự so sánh và đối lập giữa các số liệu.
- Lưu ý câu hỏi trong đề bài là tóm tắt các ý chính trong biểu đồ để viết báo cáo, vì vậy bạn cần thể hiện sự so sánh, đối lập, đưa ra điểm cao
nhất và thấp nhất và đặc điểm chính trong các biểu đồ.

58 Vocabulary
Từ vựng diễn tả các loại thay đổi khác nhau Từ vựng diễn tả các loại thay đổi khác nhau

Thay đổi rất lớn (Great Change) Thay đổi vừa phải (Medium Change)

Thay đổi nhỏ (Minor Change)

Thay đổi lớn (Big Change)

Từ vựng chỉ thời gian

From 1990 to 2000 / Commencing from 1980 / Between 1995 and 2005 / After 2012.
By 1995 / In 1998 / In February, Over the period / During the period / During 2011
In the first half of the year / For the first quarter / The last quarter of the year / During the first decade
In the 80s / In the 1980s / During the next 6 months / In the mid-70s / Next 10 years / Previous year / Next year,
Between 1980 - 1990 / Within a time span of ten years / within five years
Next month, Next quarter, Next year, Previous month, Previous year
Since, Then, From

59 Vocabulary
Các loại %, số phần và con số

Số phần trăm

10% increase, 25 percent decrease, increased by 15%, dropped by 10 per cent, fall at 50%, reached 75%,
tripled, doubled, one-fourth, three-quarters, half, double fold, treble, 5 times higher, 3 timers lower,
declined to about 49%, stood exactly at 43%.

Phân số

4% = A tiny fraction.
24% = Almost a quarter.
25% = Exactly a quarter.
26% = Roughly one quarter.
32% = Nearly one-third, nearly a third.
49% = Around a half, just under a half.
50% = Exactly a half.
51% = Just over a half.
73% = Nearly three quarters.
77% = Approximately three quarters, more than three-quarters.
79% = Well over three quarters.

Tỉ lệ

2% = A tiny portion, a very small proportion.

4% = An insignificant minority, an insignificant proportion.
16% = A small minority, a small portion.
70% = A large proportion.
72% = A significant majority, A significant proportion.89% = A very large proportion.
89% = A very large proportion

60 Vocabulary
 Approximately / Nearly
Roughly / Almost
About / Around
More or less
Just over / Just under
Just around / Just about
Just below
A little more than / A little less than

Từ vựng chỉ điểm cao nhất và thấp nhất trong biểu đồ

Ví dụ:
• The price of the oil reached a peak amounting $20 in February and again touched the lowest point amounting only $10 in July
• Student enrollment in foreign Universities and Colleges increased dramatically hitting a peak of over 20 thousand in 2004.
• The highest number of books was sold in July while it was lowest in December.

61 Vocabulary
Từ ngữ chỉ ngày tháng năm và những quy tắc ngữ pháp: Từ vựng diễn tả sự thay đổi lớn/nhỏ ra sao:

Between … (year/month)... and … (year/month )... Equalled

From … (year/month/day/date) ... to … (year/month/day/date) ... Doubled
In … (year/month) ... Trebled / tripled
On .. .(day/day of the week/a date) ... Quadrupled (fourfold /four times)
At ..., In …, By ... Pentadrupled (fivefold /five times)
During ... (year) ... Hexadrupled (sixfold /six times)
Over the period/ over the century/ later half of the year/ the year ... Septupled (sevenfold /seven times)
Over the next/ past/ previous ... days/ weeks/ months/ years/ decades … Octupled (Eightfold/eight times)
Nonupled (Ninefold/ nine times)
Centupled (hundredfold/ hundred times)
Từ vựng thể hiện sự so sánh trong biểu đồ:

Ví dụ:
• The number of high-level women executives is well beneath than the number of male executives in this organisation, where approximately
2000 people work in executive levels.
• About 1000 people died in the highway car accident in 2003 which is well above than the statistics of all other years.

62 Vocabulary
Khi muốn đề cập đến một đặc điểm trong biểu đồ:

With regards to
In the case of
As for
Turning to
When it comes to ... ...
Where ... is/are concerned, ...
Regarding ...

Từ vựng thể hiện so sánh và đối lập:

Similarly, In a similar fashion, In the same way, Same as, As much as, Meanwhile.
However, On the contrary, On the other hand, In contrast, Meanwhile, By Comparison

Từ vựng thể hiện sự tương đương giữa 2 đặc điểm/xu hướng:

Nếu 2 đối tượng được so sánh giống hệt nhau: Nếu 2 đối tượng được so sánh không giống hệt nhau mà chỉ gần tương đương:

identical to/ Identical with ... almost the same as ...

equal to with ... nearly the same as ...
exactly the same ... practically the same as ...
the same as ... almost identical/ similar ...
precisely the same ... about the same as …
absolutely the same ...
just the same as …

Từ vựng thể hiện sự đối ngược giữa 2 đặc điểm/xu hướng:

The reverse is the case…

It is quite the opposite/ reverse…

63 Vocabulary
Các quy tắc sử dụng các giới từ chỉ thời gian:

IN

1. Sử dụng “in” khi bạn nói đến năm, tháng, thấp kỷ, thế kỷ, mùa trong năm.
Ví dụ:
Years = in 1998, in 2015
Months = in January, in December
Decades = in the nineties, in the seventies
Centuries = in the 19th century, in the 14th century, in the 1980s
Seasons = in summer, in winter, in autumn

2. Sử dụng “in” khi nói về quá khứ và tương lai.

Ví dụ:
Past time = in 1980, in the past, in 1235, in the ice age, in the seventies, in the last century
Future time = in 2030, in the future, in the next century

3. Sử dụng “in” khi nói về một quãng thời gian dài.

Ví dụ: in the ice age, in the industrial age, in iron age

ON

1. Sử dụng “On” khi nói về các thứ trong tuần hay các dịp đặc biệt trong năm.
Ví dụ:
Days of the week = on Sunday, on Friday, on Tuesday
Special days = on New Year's Day, on your birthday, on Independence Day, on holiday, on wedding day

2. Sử dụng “on” khi nói về ngày/ tháng/ năm, ngày/tháng.

Ví dụ: on July 4th, on 21st January 2015, on 5th May etc

64 Vocabulary
3. Sử dụng “on” khi nói về các buổi trong ngày.
Ví dụ: on Friday morning, on Saturday afternoon, on Sunday evening, on Monday evening

Tuy nhiên, dưới đây là một số lỗi hay gặp khi dùng “on” và “in” trong bài thi mà bạn cần chú ý:

AT

1. Sử dụng “at” khi bạn cần diễn tả chính xác thời gian.
Ví dụ: At 8 o'clock, at 10:45 am, at 2 PM, at 9 o'clock

2. Sử dụng “at” khi nói về các bữa trong ngày.

Ví dụ: At breakfast time, at lunchtime, at dinner time

3. Sử dụng “at” khi nói về ngày cuối tuần, ngày nghỉ lễ,hay vào buổi tối.
Ví dụ: At the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter, at night

Lưu ý: Để đạt điểm cao trong Writing Task 2, bạn cần sử dụng các giới từ như to, by, of, off, in ,on, for chính xác. Ví dụ:
It started at..., It peaked at...
It reached at..., It reached the lowest point /nadir at...
It increased to 80 from 58. It decreased from 10 to 3.
There was a drop of six units. It dropped by 3 units.
It declined by 15%. There was a 10% drop in the next three years

65 Vocabulary
Ngôn ngữ Trang trọng và Không trang trọng
IELTS Writing là bài kiểm tra viết mang tính học thuật vì vậy trong quá trình viết bài bạn nên tránh sử dụng các từ không trang trọng. Dưới đây
là các cách thay thế ngôn ngữ văn nói bằng các từ ngữ trang trọng dùng trong văn viết.

66 Vocabulary
Greater or Higher?

Chúng ta sử dụng Greater/ Smaller (Fewer) khi so sánh 2 con số và Higher/Lower khi so sánh giữa 2 tỉ số hay phần trăm.

Ví dụ:
• The number of male doctors in this city was greater than the number of female doctors.
• The number of European programmers who attended the seminar was fewer than the number of Asian programmers.
• The percentage of male doctors in this city was higher than the percentage of female doctors.
• During 2010, the inflow of illegal immigrants was lower than that of 2012.
• The birth rate in Japan in 2014 was higher than the birth rate in 2015

Trạng từ so sánh giữa hai mức độ cao hơn/lớn hơn của 2 số liệu:

Overwhelmingly, Substantially, Significantly.

Considerably. Moderately, Markedly.
Hardly, Barely, Slightly, Fractionally, Marginally

67 Vocabulary
Từ vựng thể hiện trình tự

Subsequently, Respectively, Consecutively, Sequentially.

Previous, Next, First, Second, Third, Finally, Former, Latter

Một số tips cần lưu ý:

"The market shares of HTC, Huawei, Samsung, Apple and Nokia in 2010 were 12%, 7%, 20%, 16% and 4% globally."

Câu trên không rõ mỗi thị trường chiếm bao nhiêu % khiến người đọc khó hiểu. Nếu trong 1 câu có nhiều hơn 2 con số hay 2 giá trị, bạn nên sử
dụng các từ consecutively/ sequentially/ respectively. Sử dụng các từ như vậy giúp số % đề cập đến tương ứng với thị trường thứ nhất, thứ
hai hay thứ 3.

Như vậy câu trên sẽ được viết như sau:

"The market shares of HTC, Huawei, Samsung, Apple and Nokia in 2010 were 12%, 7%, 20%, 16% and 4% respectively in the global market."

Chú ý: Bạn không nên sử dụng các từ “consecutively/ sequentially/ respectively” nếu chỉ có 2 giá trị được đề cập đến.

Từ vựng diễn tả sự chuyển tiếp

Từ vựng để miêu tả các xu hướng hay dữ liệu khác nhau trong 1 đoạn văn thì sự chuyển tiếp khá quan trọng. Dưới đây là một số từ/cụm từ chuyển
tiếp mà bạn có thể sử dụng:

Then / Afterwards / Following that / Followed by / Next / Subsequently / Former

Latter / After / Previous / Prior to / Simultaneously / During / While / Finally.

68 Vocabulary
Từ vựng khác

Một số từ vựng được sử dụng trong 1 bài viết Task 1:

Stood at / A marked increase / Steep / Gradual

Hike / Drastic / Declivity / Acclivity / Prevalent / Plummet

Một số từ vựng được sử dụng trong 1 bài viết Task 1:

To level off / To reach a plateau

To hit the highest point / To stay constant
To flatten out / To show some fluctuation
To hit the lowest point / Compared to
Compared with / Relative to

Từ vựng miêu tả Map:

Horizontal / Vertical
Across / Across from
Under / Over / Inside / Beside / On top of / Adjacent / Opposite / Next to
Along / Through / As far as
Midpoint / Halfway / In the middle
Intersection / Overlapping
Exterior
Parallel to / Parallel / Perpendicular to
Edge / Diagonal
In front of the / Behind the
To the right / To the left
On the right-hand side / On the left-hand side

69 Vocabulary
Từ vựng miêu tả một quá trình

Trong phần mở đầu, bạn có thể viết theo dạng sau:

The diagram/ picture/ flow/ chart depicts/ illustrates/ describes the process of/ how....

Để miêu tả quá trình, từ vựng bạn sử dụng:

First/ Firstly, Second/ Secondly, Third/Thirdly ......

Next/ After that/ Then, Following that/Followed by, Subsequently/ Subsequent to that, Finally/ Lastly…
Where/ From where/ After which/ After that/ Afterward…
When/ As soon as/ Immediately, Just after that...
At the beginning, In the end, Just after the beginning, Just before the end.

Để kết thúc 1 bước, bạn viết:

After this step/ stage/ process…

Once this stage/ step is completed…

Một bước trong quá trình có liên quan đến điều gì, bạn có thể viết:

The phase/ step/ stage involved…

Khi một quá trình lặp lại nhiều lần, bạn viết:

The cycle/ process then repeat itself

The cycle/ process is then repeated

70 Vocabulary
Từ vựng để diễn tả sự dự đoán

Một số biểu đồ và quá trình không chỉ liệt kê các số liệu hay dữ liệu mà còn đưa ra sự dự đoán trong tương lai. Ví dụ, biểu đồ đường diễn tả dân
số của một quốc gia từ năm 1950 đến 2050 qua 100 năm. Như trong đề thi viết năm 2017, bạn phải mô tả dân số của quốc gia đó đến năm
2016. Đối với dân số năm 2017, bạn sẽ sử dụng thì tương lai đơn. Cuối cùng, dân số từ 2018 đến 2050 là sự dự đoán và chính vì vậy bạn nên
sử dụng thì tương lai đơn trong bài viết. Hơn nữa, bạn cần sử dụng chính xác từ vựng miêu tả số liệu trong tương lai. Dưới đây là dạng mẫu câu
bạn tham khảo:

It is predicted/ estimated/ projected/ forecasted/ expected/ anticipated that......... will ...........

Is /are predicted/ estimated/ projected/ forecasted/ expected/ anticipated to ............
It gives prediction/ estimation/ projection/ forecast of ..........
It ...... will .........
....... Will have ....... by ....... (year/month/decade).......

Từ vựng thể hiện giá trị và dữ liệu kết hợp trong 1 câu

Bạn không nên trình bày từng dữ liệu hay số liệu trong bài viết, thay vào đó thể hiện các điều dưới đây:
• So sánh các dữ liệu với nhau
• Sự tương phản giữa các số liệu
• Điểm cao nhất
• Điểm thấp nhất
• Tổng thể biểu đồ

Tuy nhiên, để so sánh hay thể hiện sự tương phản giữa các dữ liệu, bạn cần đưa ra 1 số liệu làm mốc quy chiếu. Ví dụ trong câu sau: The British
spent over eighty thousand Pounds on average which was twice than the spending of Americans and approximately quadruple than that of Irish,
thì 80 thousand pounds là mốc quy chiếu.

71 Vocabulary
Dưới đây là 1 danh sách từ vựng thể hiện những số liệu và ví dụ trong bài viết của bạn

Is/ was/ were: The percentage of foreign students was exactly ten in 2001 in this university and it rose three times in ten years.

Stand at/ Stood at: The percentages of males and females who opined that they should be allowed to get married at 21 stood at 14 and 16 in
1990 but witnessed a noticeable decline in 2010.

Exactly & As high as: The sale in March was exactly 400 and went up as high as 1100 in June.

Using (): In summer, the number of refrigerators sold (154) was far greater than the refrigerators sold (63) in winter.

Which:
• From January to March the death case rose three times which was only 23 between October and December.
• The temperature, which was 21 degrees C in March, climbed to 39 degrees C in mid-July.

Makes up: In the first decade, the population remained steady, which made up 2.8 million approximately, but it doubled in the next 30 years.

Constitutes: The initial expenditure, which constituted 280 USD, climbed rapidly and reached the peak during 2014.

Accounts for:
• In June 2016. the number of Asian students enrolment in this university accounted for 45 which is estimated to be almost double in the next
year.
• The number of infected people, which accounts for nine, is markedly lower than the number of infected patients in the last month, which
accounted for forty.

72 Vocabulary
Một số từ vựng đảm bảo đạt band điểm cao

Plateau
- Meaning: Reach a state of little or no change after a period of activity or progress, levelled out.
- Example: The share price of the ACME company have plateaued out.

Dip
- Meaning: Submerge, lower plunge, sink.
- Example: The employee satisfaction score then dipped in 2005 and remained at this level for the next three years.

Slump
- Meaning: Decrease, decline, deteriorate.
- Example: The number of passengers then slumped and reached to only 2500 compared to four thousand in the previous year.

Steep
- Meaning: Sheer, sharp, abrupt, perpendicular.
- Example: The steep decline of the heavy drinkers contributed to the enhanced life expectancy in this country.

Substantial
- Meaning: Notable, considerable, significant, marked
- Example: A substantial number of these diploma holders did not finish their tertiary education.

Dramatic
- Meaning: Significant, notable, noteworthy, remarkable, considerable, substantial.
- Example: The dramatic rise of the car use has polluted the air.

Gradual
- Meaning: Step by step, slow but continuous, uniform, successive, progressive, steady, regular, even, consistent.
- Example: The participation of women in these sectors gradually improved and in 2015, more than 38% women were employed in these job
sectors.

73 Vocabulary
Decline
- Meaning: Reduce, decrease, plummet, plunge, slump, shrink, fall off, lessen.
- Example: Investment in clean energy declined in the third world countries in 2005 while it actually doubled in most of the first world countries.

An upward trend
- Meaning: The tendency of being higher, something that goes upward.
- Example: An upward trend in the number of club members was visible from 2005 to 2007 after which it actually dropped.

Respectively
- Meaning: Consecutively, sequentially.
- Example: Car theft cases in Denmark, Sweden, UK and Japan were respectively 240, 210, 354 and 189 in January 2018.

Consecutively
- Meaning: Sequentially, progressively.
- Example: While the daily fast food consumption per person in the UK was 50 grams, it was 61, 32 and 25 grams in the USA, Sweden and China
consecutively.

Apex
- Meaning: The highest point, peak, vertex, pinnacle, summit, top.
- Example: The price then increased noticeably and reached the apex in 2017.

Acclivity
- Meaning: Ascent, climb, rise.
- Example: The activity of the car ownership in Europe further developed and reached to 57% in 2011.

Declivity
- Meaning: A downward slope, decline, decrease.
- Example: The declivity on the number of female members in 2011 was almost double than that of the previous year.

74 Vocabulary
Prevalent
- Meaning: Common, general, usual, prevailing, widespread, endemic, rampant.
- Example: The prevalence of the trend could be better understood if we compare the data with that of the last twenty years.

Enumerate
- Meaning: Identify, itemise, list, summarise, recite, specify, quote, relate.
- Example: The illustration enumerates how Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects up-to-the-minute information on the weather.

Radically
- Meaning: Completely, hurriedly, abruptly.
- Example: The technological advancement has radically changed the way employees used to work in their offices.

Positive development
- Meaning: Improvement, progress, stay forward, increase, grow, rise.
- Example: The increasing number of female executives in the company is considered a positive development.

Subsequent
- Meaning: Following, next, successive, succeeding.
- Example: Despite a hike at the beginning of the year, the oil price steadily declined in the subsequent months until June 2017.

Commence
- Meaning: Start, begin, set in motion, open, initiate, inauguarate.
- Example: The construction of the road was commenced at the beginning of 2001 and ended in 2003.

Plunge
- Meaning: Slump, plummet, shrink, fall off, decline, decrease, drop, reduce.
- Example: Employers' contribution to the fee for skill development courses has plunged to a great extent in the last decade, as the graph
suggests.

75 Vocabulary
To dive
- Meaning: Fall, descent, plummet, plunge, nosedive, drop.
- Example: Consumption of word resources in some Asian countries, on the contrary, has dived after 2014.

Abrupt
- Meaning: Swift, sudden, instantaneous, hurried, startling, unanticipated, unexpected, rapid, speedy.
- Example: The abrupt rise of the population in the early 21st century is contrasting to that of the beginning of the 18th century, as the data
suggests.

Relative
- Meaning: Correlative, corresponding, parallel, reciprocal.
- Example: The academic performance and professional efficiency are somewhat relative to each other despite the presence of many other
variables, according to the survey outcome.

Modest
- Meaning: Tolerable, adequate, moderate, fair, satisfactory, acceptable.
- Example: The wheat export then witnessed a modest decline and it affected the revenue earned in 2015.

Variation
- Meaning: Disparity, inequality, dissimilarity, difference, variety, diversification.
- Example: It can be inferred from the given data that variations in the pH values are sometimes detrimental.

Elucidate
- Meaning: Explain, make clear, clarify, throw/shed light on, explicate, annotate.
- Example: The line chart elucidates how much waste was recycled in the UK between 1990 and 2015.

Unravel
- Meaning: Untangle, clear up, disentangle, explain, straighten out, separate out.
- Example: The data unravel the fact that the crime rate increases in the later decades despite some stringent initiatives from the law-enforcers.

76 Vocabulary
Hy vọng tài tiệu này đã giúp các bạn cải thiện kỹ năng làm bài IELTS Writing Task 1 của mình.

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