AI (Artificial Intelligence) Study Material

2021-22

UNIT-1
Introduction to AI

1.1. Excite/Motivate with AI

1.1.1. Artificial Intelligence (AI): It is defined as the simulation of

human intelligence by machines, which are programmed to think like
human and copy their action. Thus, AI means making a machine
intelligent.
1.1.2. Natural Language Programming (NLP): It is the ability of a
program to understand human language.
1.1.3. Smart Home: It is a home that can be managed remotely to control
the items / appliances / gadgets / systems such as TV, AC, fridge, and so
on, with your device.
1.1.4. The main goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make the machine
behave intelligently by seeing, moving, thinking and communicating.
1.1.5. The three pillars of Artificial Intelligence are Data for AI, Natural
Language Processing and Computer Vision.
1.1.6. Data for AI in machine is used to predict the next move of human
from previous moves collected by the machine.
1.1.7. Natural Language Processing is a technology with which the
machine is able to understand human language such as English and
perform an action based on the command.
1.1.8. Computer Vision (CV) is a technology with which the machine can
see around and also collect information from images.
1.1.9. Rock Paper Scissor, Mystery Animal and Scavenger Hunt are
games developed by Google, powered by AI.
1.1.10. Chatbot is an Artificial Intelligence software / program that can
simulate a conversation with users in Natural Language Processing.
1.1.11. Many AI-based techniques such as Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa
and Chatbots are capable of having conversation with a human in real
time using NLP. They primarily work on two techniques such as Speech
Recognition and Natural Language Processing.

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Class - IX Introduction to AI
 AI (Artificial Intelligence) Study Material
2021-22

1.1.12. The research in the field of Artificial Intelligence is based mainly

on learning, cognitive, logic building, observation, analytics and
understanding vocal commands.
1.1.13. Applications of AI can be seen in smart phones, smart cars, drones,
social media feeds, music & media streaming, video games, online
advertisements, navigation, travel & tourism, banking, finance
management, smart home gadgets, security and surveillance.
1.1.14. AI devices can be setup at places where it is difficult for humans to
live.

1.2. Relate with AI

1.2.1. A Smart Home is a home that can be managed remotely to control

the items / appliances / gadgets / systems such as TV, AC, fridge and so
on, with your device. All these devices need to be connected with
internet. A Smart Home is actually a home with automation and thus
called Home Automation.
1.2.2. The dream of Home Automation wouldn’t be possible without the
use of Smartphones and internet connectivity.
1.2.3. The Internet of Things (IoT) is used for building smart homes
with automation and safety as priority for many of us.
1.2.4. The IoT refers to all the objects / devices that have sensors,
network connectivity, software and so on, to connect in the network using
internet and thus can make them responsive.
1.2.5. Examples of IoT are smart security systems, smart appliances,
smart speakers, smart TVs, smart cars and many more.
1.2.6. Smart Devices are electronic devices connected to and are capable
of communicating through the internet. These devices can also
communicate among themselves.
1.2.7. Smart City is an urban city which uses Internet of Things (IoT) to
collect data and information so as to improve the quality of government
services easily and effectively.

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Class - IX Introduction to AI
 AI (Artificial Intelligence) Study Material
2021-22

1.2.8. The main goal of Smart City is to provide better quality of life to
every individual.
1.2.9. Google Home is a smart speaker which is a Google device and can
be integrated with automation to control home appliances with voice
recognition with the use of Internet.

1.3. Purpose with AI

1.3.1. Each and every responsible citizen is expected to be an industrious,

caring, conscientious and a contributing member of the society.
1.3.2. Sustainable Development is the development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.
1.3.3. SDG stands for Sustainable Development Goals.
1.3.4. SDGs are the set of 17 goals that were adopted at the United
Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.
1.3.5. The SDGs were adopted to meet the urgent challenges of the
world.
1.3.6. The SDGs are the blueprint to achieve a better and more
sustainable future for all.
1.3.7. Displaying compassion and empathy towards society and
environment reflects the good qualities of a good and responsible citizen.
1.3.8. While learning about SDGs, we become an empathetic, active and
a compassionate participant in the world we live in and get inspired to
take actions.
1.3.9. The three pillars of SDGs are economic, environment and social.
1.3.10. Artificial Intelligence can be used to solve complex and
interconnected global challenges such as hunger, climate change, life on
hand and life below water etc.
1.3.11. Artificial Intelligence provided solutions where the disparities were
checked, solutions provided to reduce the crop loss and improve food
production, thus resulting in No Hunger.

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Class - IX Introduction to AI
 AI (Artificial Intelligence) Study Material
2021-22

1.4. Possibilities with AI

1.4.1. AI plays a very active role in your daily lives by digital assistants
and chatbots on your hand-held devices.
1.4.2. User preferences are deduced by data analysis which is done over
time and that can be seen in social media.
1.4.3. Smart search on web browser is also based on the user collected
data by the AI assistance using data analysis.
1.4.4. Healthcare, security, education, transport, entertainment and
service are the main domains / themes in which AI is playing a major
role.
1.4.5. Research is a skill which is used to get new ideas based and help
comprehend the topic better. This can be done using various methods
like newspapers, journals, internet, books, surveys, interviews and so on.
1.4.6. Research skill helps to collect data and critically analyse
information from different sources.
1.4.7. Communication skills enhance your ability to accept and relay
different kinds of information.
1.4.8. Communication skills involve observing, emphasizing, adapting,
listening and speaking to build verbal, visual and written communication.
1.4.9. AI is augmenting human beings and machines to work
collaboratively to change the face of any kind of industry.
1.4.10. AI is an ever-growing hub of technologies that allow smart
machines to broaden human capabilities and to achieve more and accurate
results in less time.
1.4.11. AI enabled smart machines can listen, understand, learn and
perform administrative tasks.
1.4.12. Soft skills are the attributes that are used to effectively interact
with one another. Some of the soft skills are leadership skills, team work,
communication skills, problem solving skills, interpersonal skills, and so
on.

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Class - IX Introduction to AI
 AI (Artificial Intelligence) Study Material
2021-22

1.4.13. Technical skills are the attributes and knowledge required to

perform a particular task. Some of the technical skills are Project
Management, Data Analysis, Designer, Writer, Financial Planning, and
so on.
1.4.14. Poster is a type of communication to present or promote something
to an audience.

1.5. AI Ethics

1.5.1. The impact of AI on Sustainable Development Goals is to develop

responsible citizenship skill as global concern.
1.5.2. Ethics can be defined as the study of values, generating moral
values for good and bad, right and wrong.
1.5.3. Artificial Intelligence is a form of technique with the help of which
computers / machines can perform the tasks efficiently and effectively
using less time.
1.5.4. Data-based AI is best suited with pattern recognition, image
recognition and speech recognition.
1.5.5. Knowledge-based approach works best for expert system where
data could be placed in the categories.
1.5.6. AI access can be defined as the mission where world’s information
can be organised and made available to all.
1.5.7. AI inclusion suggests making researches, tools, systems and
scientific developments available to solve problems.
1.5.8. The main idea of AI inclusion is to provide an ease of access to AI
technology which can help to solve certain common challenges together.
1.5.9. AI can be used in any of the applications such as healthcare,
transport, education, security, entertainment and services.
1.5.10. AI machine can work tirelessly, take decisions quickly, give
accurate results, assist in your daily routines, work best with repetitive
tasks and doesn’t need food, water etc. These are some of its advantages.

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Class - IX Introduction to AI
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2021-22

1.5.11. AI technology is costly and it can lead to unemployment, threat to

privacy and lacks in creativity and emotions. These are some of its
disadvantages.

Pattern recognition is useful for a multitude of applications, specifically in statistical data

analysis and image analysis. Most modern use cases of pattern recognition are based on
artificial intelligence technology.

At the age of 5, most children can recognize digits and letters – small characters,
large characters, handwritten, machine printed, or rotated – all easily recognized by
the young.

In most instances, the best pattern recognizers are humans, yet we do not
understand how humans recognize patterns.

Pattern recognition is the automated recognition of patterns and regularities in data.

Techniques for finding patterns in data have undergone substantial development
over the past decades.

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Class - IX Introduction to AI
 AI (Artificial Intelligence) Study Material
2021-22

This article will cover what pattern recognition is, forms of pattern recognition, and
analyze forms of pattern recognition in artificial intelligence.

What is Pattern Recognition?

Pattern recognition analyzes incoming data and tries to identify patterns. While
explorative pattern recognition aims to identify data patterns in general, descriptive
pattern recognition starts categorizing the detected patterns. Hence, pattern
recognition deals with both of these scenarios, and different pattern recognition
methods are applied depending on the use case and form of data.

Consequently, pattern recognition is not one technique but rather a broad collection
of often loosely related knowledge and techniques. Pattern recognition capability is
often a prerequisite for intelligent systems.

The data inputs for pattern recognition can be words or texts, images, or audio files.
Hence, pattern recognition is broader compared to computer vision that focuses on
image recognition.

Automatic and machine-based recognition, description, classification, and grouping

of patterns are important problems in a variety of engineering and scientific
disciplines, including biology, psychology, medicine, marketing, computer vision, and
artificial intelligence.

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Class - IX Introduction to AI
 AI (Artificial Intelligence) Study Material
2021-22

Pattern Recognition to solve the computer vision task ObjeCT

Part 1: Image recognition – the basics

What is image recognition?

Image recognition is a computer vision task that works to identify and categorize
various elements of images and/or videos. Image recognition models are trained to
take an image as input and output one or more labels describing the image. The set
of possible output labels are referred to as target classes. Along with a predicted
class, image recognition models may also output a confidence score related to how
certain the model is that an image belongs to a class.

For instance, if you wanted to build an image recognition model that automatically
determined whether or not a dog was in a given image, the pipeline would, broadly
speaking, look like this:

• Image recognition model trained on images that have been labeled as “dog” or “not dog”
• Model input: Image or video frame

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 AI (Artificial Intelligence) Study Material
2021-22

• Model output: Class name (i.e. dog) with a confidence score that indicates the likelihood
of that image containing that class of object.

Here’s what this looks like in practice:

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