LESSON PLAN

INTRODUCTION: -
Planning is essential not only in teaching, but in spheres of human activities. To be effective
every intelligent individual plans out his work. Lesson planning is an important part of
planning of daily teaching. These are the brief outlines of the main point of the lesson. A
teacher has to prepare a more detailed, written plan. A good lesson plan indicates clearly
what has already been done in what direction, what the teacher intends to do, what the pupils
are to do, how the pupils are to be engaged in various activities, what activities are to be
pursued, and the immediate work which the students has to be taken up.

DEFINITION: -
“Outline of the important points of a lesson arranged in the order in which they are to be
presented to students by the teacher.”

- Goods
“Lesson plan is the title given to a statement of achievements to be realized and specific
meaning by which these is to attained as result of the activities engaged during the period”.

- LS Bossing
NATURE OF LESSON PLAN IN TEACHING: -
One of the most important elements in good teaching is daily lesson planning. Lesson
planning is essentially an “experience in anticipatory teaching”. The daily planning is pre-
teaching or anticipatory teaching. It is the teacher’s mental and emotional visualization of the
classroom experience as he/she plans it to occur.

A lesson plan is based on the following: -

 The operational philosophy of the teacher.

 Teachers understanding of his/her students.
 Teacher’s knowledge of the material to be taught.
 Teacher’s knowledge of the method of teaching.
So, the nature of a lesson plan may be envisaged as a blue print, a guide map of action, a
comprehensive chart of classroom teaching-learning activities, an elastic but systematic
approach for the teaching concepts, skills and attitudes, etc.
PURPOSES: -
 It guides the teacher in presentation of subject matter and activities involved
 It provides definite objective for each day’s work
 It helps to achieve definite goals and objectives
 It makes teaching economical, systematic and orderly
 It tends to prevent wandering from the subject
 It helps to maintain sequence of content presentation
 It aids in time management
 It keeps the teacher on the track, ensure steady progress and a definite outcome of
teaching and learning
 It is essential for effective teaching
 It helps to enhance learning process
 It prevents waste of time
 It helps the teacher to delimit the teaching field
 It is useful to select proper learning and best technique
 It helps to avoid repetition
 Planning encourages the teacher to consider the need and level of understanding of
students
 It gives the teacher greater confidence and greater freedom in teaching
 It helps the teacher to overcome the felling of nervousness and insecurity
 It aids in deciding in advance of the AV aids and techniques of teaching
 It helps in teaching and learning outcomes
 It facilitates self and peer assessment of teaching and future improvement of lessons
 It provides guideline to the student teacher.
SIGNIFICANCE: -
Lesson plan has significant role in planning and organizing teaching and also affects the
teacher skill, intelligence, ability and his/her personality with the following reasons: -

 In teaching-education program, the lesson in planning provides the guides-lines to

student-teacher during their teaching practices.
  It delimits the field of work of the teacher as well as of the students and provides
definite objectives for each day’s work. As the goal is determined, the teacher gets
impetus to realize his\her goal.
 Lesson planning helps the teacher to overcome the feeling of nervousness and
insecurity and it gives him\her confidence to face the class. It helps to develop self-
confidence in teaching.
 Lesson planning maintains the sequence of content presentations and prevents the
teacher to deviate from the topic.
 Lesson planning ensures a definite assignment for class and availability of adequate
materials for the lesson.
 In lesson planning, the classroom activities are organized by considering the student’s
individual differences.
 Lesson planning helps the teacher as well as taught in fixing new learning by making
adequate provision foe exercises, practice and revision.
POINTS TO REMEMBER IN PLANNING A LESSON: -
 It should contain only main points or ideas or concepts. It is not necessary to write
down every word the teacher is going to say
 The teacher can use her own subject notes which are different from the lesson plan
 The teacher should not become over dependent on the lesson plan. The plan must be
flexible, not rigid and adjusted according to the situation arising in the class-room
 Fresh plan should be prepared every time a teacher Prepares
 Design for sequencing the subject matter (main heading sub heading, etc.)
 Planning must be done keeping in mind the level of understanding of the students and
their previous experiences
 The method of teaching planned should be based on the objectives to be attained
(cognitive, affective and psychomotor)
 Psychological factors related to learning should also be remembered
 Motivation to maintain interest and attention of the class is important
 Each lesson is planned in such a way that the objectives of each lesson lead to the
statement of unite objective then course objective and finally the objective of the
curriculum.
PREREQUISITES FOR GOOD LESSON PLANNING: -
 The teacher should clearly state objectives
 The content should be linked with the previous knowledge of the students
 The teacher must have adequate mastery
 She should understand the students interest and background
 She must be fully conversant with new methods and techniques of teaching
 The teacher must have a good understanding of psychology of learning, philosophy of
education, etc.
 She must ensure active learner participation during a class and maintain interest and
motivation of the student.
 There should be variety and novelty in type of presentation.
  It should not be too detailed and exhaustive.
 It is preferably being written.
 It should be flexible.
 It should be relevant, clear, and feasible.
 The teacher prepare lesson plan in such a manner that it should provide full
justification to all students of varied abilities.
 The lesson plan should include the methods of self-evaluation and self-criticism of the
teacher.
 It also should include the summary and reference materials.

STEPS
1. Preparation Or Introduction-
Exploration of the student’s knowledge which helps to lead them onto the
lesson. The teacher needs to prepare the students to receive new knowledge. She can
introduce the lesson by testing previous knowledge of the students by questioning. It
arouses interest and curiosity to learn new matter. Introduction should be brief and to
the point.

2. Presentation-
Aim of the lesson should be clearly stated before the presentation of the
subject matter, which helps both the teacher and the students to have a common
pursuit. In the teaching learning process, both learner and the teacher should be
actively participate.

3. Comparison or association-
Associate facts with to example, so that learners can understand very easily.

4. Generalization-
The knowledge, which will be presented by the teachers, should be thought
provoking, innovating and stimulating to assist the students to generalize the situation.

5. Application-
The students make use of the knowledge acquired in and at the same time tests
the validity of the generalizations arrived at the students, whatever they have learnt in
the theory has to apply in clinical field to make learning more permanent and
worthwhile.

6. Recapitulation –
Teacher has to ask suitable and stimulating questions to the students on the
topic. The answer will give feedback to the teacher regarding the efficacy of the
methods of teaching clarification, etc. are needed or not.
TYPES OF LESSON PLAN: -
Lesson plan can be prepared for acquiring knowledge that is called knowledge lesson plan
(cognitive domain).

Herbartian Approach: - John Fredrik Herbart (1776-1841) was a German philosopher and
great educationist. He has divided teaching unit activities into five steps. His approach is
theoretically based on appreciative- mass theory:

 preparation
 presentation
 comparison and association
 generalization
 application
 systematization or recapitulation

 Preparation-
“It ensures a revision” a bringing back to consciousness of old knowledge
with which the new is to be related. Preparation helps the teacher to ascertain what
ideas on a particular topic his pupils possess, and what further knowledge they require
to satisfy their purpose, before he decides the next step in the teaching process.

 Presentation-
The teacher will now tell the new facts and illustrate the new procedure.
Liberty should be given for the learner to suggest solution for the problem.

 Comparison or Association-
The teacher helps the class to analyze the new knowledge or experience and
to compare and contrast it with the old and build up old into a new and complete
unity.

 Generalization-
The whole lesson is drawn together- a summary is made, a general rule
formulated. Generalization completes the process of inquiry by providing the answer
to the problem with which it began.

 Application-
The teacher should seek an application both in the setting of problems and in
the acquisition of further knowledge.

 Systematization-
A revision or repetition of the knowledge learnt in the lesson. It helps the pupil to
come to some conclusion with reference to the wider significance of the problem.
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF GOOD LESSON PLAN
  Front page data such as subject, topic, class, duration, etc.
 General learning objectives/Central objectives
 Specific learning objectives/Behavioral objectives
 Evaluation of previous knowledge
 Selection and organization of subject matter-the content
 Organizing centers includes learning activities and teaching activities
 Types of illustrative material-AV aids
 Assignments
 Evaluation
 Follow-up action.
SELECTION & ORGANIZATION OF SUBJECT MATTER
The plan should provide for the selection and the organization of subject matter or the
knowledge component and other such materials.

1. Learning Activities-
 The teacher chooses learning activities. It should be varied sufficiently to allow
for individual differences in the group.
 Teacher should make her choice in view of the maturity of the group and the
character of the subject matter, e.g. laboratory exercises, nursing care plans.

2. Teaching activities-
 The teaching techniques which will most directly help the teacher to obtain the
objectives should be used.

3. Types of illustrative materials-

 Audio- visual aids and instruction media.

4. Assignments-
 The plan should use assignments to project the immediate work into the next
situation.
 Unity and continuity can be maintained only by directing the student’s assignment
and resource material for the study.
5. References-
 The teacher will have ready references to be used in directing the student’s
assignment and resource material for the study.

6. Evaluation-
 Some type of evaluate should be planned for each lesson.

7. Format of lesson plan-

 Title of the course
 Unit
 Topic
  Name of the student- teacher
 Duration
 Date & time
 Place
 Students
 Method of teaching
 Audio- visual aids
 Previous background of trainees
 Student – teacher general & specific objectives

FORMAT OF LESSON PLAN

Time Specific Objectives Content Teaching Evaluation

Learning Activity

DEVELOPMENT OF THE DAILY CLASS PLAN

 Lesson plan should act as a guide; it creates a sense of assurance for the teacher.
Teacher surely facilitates teaching of the student first and teaching of the matter
second.
 The teacher must be master of the daily plan.
 Plan should be used as a basis for continuous growth and development.
 The teacher should change her lesson plan according to the learning situation.
 The teacher should adapt the daily plan related to the student needs and abilities.
 Special work- daily plan should provide for students who require special work.
 Daily class plans- the new teacher should use more detailed daily plans. Later, as she
gains experience and self confidence, briefer forms may be used.
 Enthusiasm- if the teacher has an air of confidence, approaches the class positively
speaks in a natural, conversational tone, asks questions in easy manner, creates
immediate interest by means of a forcible introduction, for making a satisfactory
presentation, the teacher should use good motivational techniques.
CONCLUSION

A Lesson Plan is a teacher's detailed description of the course of instruction, or 'learning

trajectory' for a lesson. A daily lesson plan is developed by a teacher to guide class learning.
Details will vary depending on the preference of the teacher, subject being covered, and the
needs of the students. There may be requirements mandated by the school system regarding
the plan. A lesson plan is the teacher's guide for running a particular lesson, and it includes
the goal (what the students are supposed to learn), how the goal will be reached (the method,
procedure) and a way of measuring how well the goal was reached (test,
worksheet, homework ) etc.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Aggarwal J.C. (1996). “Principles, methods & technique of teaching” (2nd edition)

New

delhi vikas publishing house Pvt Ltd.

 Aggarwal J.C (2003). “Essentials of educational technology Teaching” (1st edition)

New

delhi, Vikas Publishing house Pvt

 Mohanty Jaganath (2005). “Educational Technology” (2nd edition) New Delhi, Keep

&

Deep publication Pvt Ltd.

 Siddiqi Nasim, Gaur Poonam (2004). “Educational Technology & Teaching Skills”

(2nd

edition) New Delhi, DOABA house.

 K P Neerja (2003) “textbook of Nursing Education” (1st edition) New Delhi, jaypee.

 E. Lynne (2007) “Teaching Nursing developing a student centered learning

environment

(3rd edition) New Delhi, Lippincott Williams.

 Taylor & Francis (2018) Journal of lesson planning 13(4) 260-262.

 Palgrave macmillan (2017) journal of types of lesson plan 11(42)1747-1749.

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesson_plan
JABALPUR INSTIUTE OF NURSING
SCIENCES AND RESEARCH
SUBJECT ON –NURSING EDUCATION
seminar ON
Lesson plan

Submitted To Submitted By
Mrs. SURBHI R.KEHERI miss PREETI
SHARMA
Professor M sc (N) 1st year
Jinsar Jinsar