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Chapter 4. Anaphy

This document summarizes key information about the integumentary system from Chapter 4, including definitions of cyanosis and its clinical significance, the likely cause of scales and dandruff on a newborn's scalp, why a beach boy should be concerned about rapidly changing moles on his face, and why transdermal drug delivery involves fat-soluble rather than water-soluble drugs. It also evaluates the severity of burns on different parts of a victim's body and determines that the patient is critical due to fourth-degree burns on their hand.

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639 views

Chapter 4. Anaphy

This document summarizes key information about the integumentary system from Chapter 4, including definitions of cyanosis and its clinical significance, the likely cause of scales and dandruff on a newborn's scalp, why a beach boy should be concerned about rapidly changing moles on his face, and why transdermal drug delivery involves fat-soluble rather than water-soluble drugs. It also evaluates the severity of burns on different parts of a victim's body and determines that the patient is critical due to fourth-degree burns on their hand.

Uploaded by

Nathalia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

Integumentary System

Critical Thinking

1. A nurse tells a doctor that a patient is cyanotic. What is cyanosis? What does it presence
indicate?

- Cyanosis, a bluish color to the skin. Its presence indicates a lack of oxygen in the
blood, an indication of impaired circulatory of respiratory function.

2. Jane’s newborn baby’s scalp is covered with brownish crust that is full of scales and dandruff.
What is the likely cause?

- There is a decrease in the insulation ability of the skin due to the lack of adipose tissue
in the subcutaneous layer.

3. A 40-year-old beach boy is complaining to you that his suntan made him popular when he
was young—but now his face is all wrinkled, and he has several darkly pigmented moles that
are going rapidly and are big as large coins. He shows you the moles and immediately you think
“ABCDE”. What does that mean and why should he be concerned?

- His long-term exposure to UV radiation in sunlight is a risk factor for the development
of skin cancer. In addition, moles or pigmented spots that show (A) asymmetry, (B) border
irregularity, (C) color variation, (D) a diameter greater than 6 mm, and (E) evolution (changing
over time, including elevation above the surrounding tissue) are all signs of a possible malignant
melanoma. He should seek immediate medical attention. If it is a malignant melanoma, the
chance for survival after detection is about 50%, but early detection increases survival rates.

4. Fred’s new cycling shorts have got special silicone grip strips on the inside of the material to
hold the shorts in the place. After a day on the saddle, he notices that he has got more than just
a tan line. Two bright red circle appeared on his thighs a few hours after he changed out of his
gear. Explain what type of skin condition Fred might be experiencing.

- Fred might be having redness, or erythema that may indicate that he is allergic to
silicone.

5. Mr. Rossi, a fisherman in his late sixties, comes to clinic because he has small ulcers on both
fore arms as well as on his face and ears. Although he had them several years, he has not had
any other problems. What is the likely diagnosis and what is likely cause?

- It is likely that Mr. Rossi has squamous cell carcinoma induced by sun exposure.
6. Mr. Grayson is receiving a drug treatment transdermal (through the skin). Explain why drugs
delivered by this route are fat-soluble rather than water-soluble.

- Fat-soluble drugs are usually absorbed more rapidly than water-soluble drugs, due to
the lipophilic nature of the plasma membrane. Additionally, the extracellular space contains
glycolipids, which would allow fat-soluble drugs to pass easily

7. Which type of injection would allow a drug to be absorbed more rapidly intradermal or
subcutaneously (a shallow injection just deep to the epidermis)? Why?

- Intradermal injections allow drugs to be absorbed more rapidly because the dermal
layer contains blood vessels while the epidermis does not.

8.Think about the types and characteristics of cell junctions. How this help to explain why
sunburned skin often peels in sheets?

- In a sunburn, usually large areas of the skin surface have been burned. The tissue
comprising the epidermis is stratified squamous epithelium, meaning that there are many layers
of flat cells joined in sheets by desmosomes that resist mechanical stress, and therefore being
pulled apart (there are also tight junctions and gap junctions between neighboring cells as well).
As a result, large sheets tend to peel after a sunburn.

9. A burn victim exhibits a red and swollen arm with blistering; a hand that has been charred
black, exposing bone; and a check that appears blanched. How serious is each burn, and is this
patient critical? Explain.

- The blistered arm is a second-degree burn; the hand has a fourth degree burn with
bone exposed; the cheek is a first-degree burn (no blistering). Yes, this patient is critical
because there are third-degree burns or worse on the hands, feet, or face; in this case, fourth
degree burns on his hand.

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