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Answer All Questions Question One (13mks) : 151 Candidates

This document contains three questions regarding chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibria. Question one defines terms like enthalpy, system, and critical point, and differentiates between state functions and path functions, phases of matter, and types of mixtures. Question two involves calculating work, heat, entropy, and enthalpy changes for various chemical processes involving gases and phase changes. Question three predicts spontaneity and entropy changes for chemical reactions based on standard Gibbs free energies and changes in reactants or products.

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207 views3 pages

Answer All Questions Question One (13mks) : 151 Candidates

This document contains three questions regarding chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibria. Question one defines terms like enthalpy, system, and critical point, and differentiates between state functions and path functions, phases of matter, and types of mixtures. Question two involves calculating work, heat, entropy, and enthalpy changes for various chemical processes involving gases and phase changes. Question three predicts spontaneity and entropy changes for chemical reactions based on standard Gibbs free energies and changes in reactants or products.

Uploaded by

jipson oloo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

151 candidates

SCH B202 Chemical thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria


Useful constants
R= 8.314 JK-1mol-1= 0.082057 Latmmol-1K-1, 1 atm = I.01325bar = 101325 pascals,
1Latm = 101.3 J
Answer all questions
Question one (13mks)
a) Define the following terms;
i) Enthalpy (1mk)
ii) System (1mk)
iii) Critical point (1mk)
b) Differentiate between;
i) State function and path function (2mks)
ii) Phase and state of matter (2mks)
iii) Eutectic mixture and Azeotropic mixture (2mks)
c) Mention two limitations of first law of thermodynamics (2mks)
d) Write short notes on third law of thermodynamics (2mks)
Question two (34mks)
a) One mole of an ideal gas is expanded irreversibly from 1.0L to 10.0L against
a constant external pressure of 1.0 atm. Determine the amount of work in
joules (3mks)
b) Derive an expression for work done in reversible isothermal expansion
fromV1 to V2 for a gas that obeys the equation of state given by
PVm  b  RT (3mks)
c) Prove that C p  Cv  R (3mks)
d) For an adiabatic reversible change in 1 mole of CO2, the pressure changes
from 2.44 atm to 0.338 atm. If the initial temperature is 339 K, what is the
final temperature? (Ignore any contributions from vibrational energy)
(4mks)
2

e) Calculate q,w, ΔH and ΔUfor the vaporization of 1g of H2O at 100oC and


1.atm pressure. The ΔvapH of H2O is 2260j/g. assume ideal gas behavior. The
density of H2O at 100oC is 0.9588 g/cm3
(6mks)
f) Determine ΔH500 for the following reaction at 500K and constant pressure
CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2 (g)
substance Cp/Jmol-1K-1 ΔfH/kJmol-1
CO 29.12 -110.5
H2O 33.58 -241.8
CO2 37.11 -393.5
H2 28.89 0.0
(6mks)
o
g) 1.00g sample of H2O (g) at 100 C with pressure of 1 atm has a volume of
1.70L. it is isothermally compressed by external pressure of 2 atm until it
reaches a volume of 0.850L. determine ΔU, ΔSsystem, ΔSsurr and ΔSuniv(8mks)
Question three (23mks)

a) Compute the standard Gibbs free energy and the initial partial pressure of
water vapour for the reaction at 25oC.
3H2 + SO2 H2S + 2H2O

Given the standard Gibbs free energies of sulphur(IV)oxide (-300 Jmol-1),


hydrogen sulphide (-33 Jmol-1), and water vapour(-229 Jmol-1). With partial
pressures of (H2, 1.2Pa), (SO2, 0.4Pa), (H2S, 0.4Pa), Negate the mole fraction
(8mks)
b) A sample consisting of 2mol of diatomic perfect gas molecules at 250K is
compressed reversibly and adiabatically until its temperature reaches 300K,
given Cv,m is 27.5 Jmol-1K-1 calculate ΔG, and rationalize the sign(8mks)
c) Using the following predict the spontaneity of the reaction;
A(s) + 2B(g) C(l) + D(g)
i) if D is increased (2mks)
ii) if B is decreased (2mks)
3

d) Predict the nature of ΔS in the following reactions;


i)
A(s) + 2B(g) C(l) + D(g)
(1mk)
ii)
H2O(g) H2O(l)
(1mk)
iii)
MgO(s) + CO2(g) MgCO3(s) (1mk)

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