Tutorial 2

2-20 A 1.0-mm-diameter wire is maintained at a

temperature of 400oC and exposed to a
convection environment at 40oC with h= 120
W/m2·oC. Calculate the thermal conductivity which
will just cause an insulation thickness of 0.2 mm to
produce a “critical radius”. How much of this
insulation must be added to reduce the heat transfer
by 75 percent from that which would be experienced
by the bare wire?

2-34 Heat is generated in a 2.5-cm-squre copper rod at

the rate of 35.3 MW/m3. The rod is exposed to a
convection environment at 20oC, and the heat-
transfer coefficient is 4000 W/m2·oC. Calculated the
surface temperature of the rod.

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2-39 A 3.0-cm-thick plate has heat generated
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uniformly at the rate of 5 × 105W/m3. One side of the

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plate is maintained at 200oC and the other side at

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50oC. Calculate the temperature at the centre of the

plate for k= 20 W/m·oC.
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2-22 Derive a relation for the critical radius of

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insulation for a sphere.

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2-42 A 3.2-mm-diameter stainless-steel wire 30 cm

long has a voltage of 10 V impressed on it. The outer
surface temperature of the wire is maintained at
93oC. Calculate the centre temperature of the wire.
Take the resistivity of the wire as 70 μΩ·cm and the
2-28 Derive an expression for the temperature thermal conductivity as 22.5 W/m·oC.
distribution in a plane wall having uniformly
distributed heat sources and one face maintained
at a temperature T1while the other face is
maintained at a temperature T2. The thickness of the
wall may be taken as 2L.

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 2-62 An aluminium rod 2.5 cm in diameter and 15 cm
long protrudes from a wall which is maintained at
260oC. The rod is exposed to an environment at 16oC.
The convection heat-transfer coefficient is 15
W/m2·oC. Calculate the heat lost by the rod.

2-58 A thin rod of length L has its two ends connected

to two walls which are maintained at temperatures
T1and T2, respectively. The rod loses heat to the
environment at T∞by convection. Derive an
expression (a) for the temperature distribution in the
rod and (b) for the total heat lost by the rod.
2-65 A long, thin copper rod 6.4 mm in diameter
is exposed to an environment at 20oC. The base
temperature of the rod is 150oC. The heat-transfer
coefficient between the rod and environment is 24
W/m2·oC. Calculate the heat given up by the rod.

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2-67 An aluminium fin 1.6 mm thick is placed on a
circular tube with 2.5-cm OD. The fin is 6.4 mm long.
The tube wall is maintained at 150oC, the
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environment temperature is 15oC, and the convection

heat-transfer coefficient is 23 W/m2·oC. Calculate the
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heat lost by the fin.

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2-60 One end of a copper rod 30 cm long is firmly

connected to a wall which is maintained at 200oC. The
other end is firmly connected to a wall which is
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maintained at 93oC. Air is blown across the rod so that

a heat-transfer coefficient of 17W/m2·oC is
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maintained. The diameter of the rod is 12.5 mm. The

temperature of the air is 38oC. What is the net heat
lost to the air in watts?

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 2-69 A triangular fin of stainless steel (18% Cr, 8% Ni)
is attached to a plane wall maintained at 460oC. The
fin thickness is 6.4 mm, and the length is 2.5 cm. The
environment is at 93oC, and the convection heat-
transfer coefficient is 28 W/m2·oC. Calculate the heat
lost from the fin.

2-73 An aluminium fin 1.6 mm thick surrounds a tube

2.5 cm in diameter. The length of the fin is 12.5 mm.
The tube-wall temperature is 200oC, the
environment temperature is 20oC. The heat-
transfer coefficient is 60 W/m2·oC. What is the heat

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lost by the fin?

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rs e 4-6 A piece of aluminium weighing 5.5 kg and initially
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at a temperature of 290oC is suddenly immersed in a
fluid at 15oC. The convection heat-transfer coefficient
4-1 A copper sphere initially at a uniform temperature is 58 W/m2·oC. Taking the aluminium as a sphere
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To is immersed in a fluid. Electric heaters are placed in having the same weight as that given, estimate the
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the fluid and controlled so that the temperature of the time required to cool he aluminium to 90oC, using the
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fluid follows a periodic variation given by lumped-capacity method of analysis.

T∞−Tm = Asinꙍt

where
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Tm = time-average mean fluid temperature

A = amplitude of temperature wave

ꙍ = frequency
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Derive an expression for the temperature of the

sphere as a function of time and heat-transfer
coefficient from the fluid to the sphere. Assume that
the temperatures of the sphere and fluid are uniform
at any instant so that the lumped-capacity method of
analysis may be used.

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 4-10 A stainless-steel rod (18% Cr, 8% Ni) 6.4 mm in
diameter is initially at a uniform temperature of 50oC
and is suddenly immersed in a liquid at 200oC with h =
120 W/m2·oC. Using the lumped-capacity method of
analysis, calculate the time necessary for the sphere
temperature to reach 120oC.

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4-15 An aluminium can having a volume of about

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350 cm3 contains beer at 1oC. Using a lumped-

co
capacity analysis, estimate the time required for the

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contents to warm to 15oC when the can is placed in a

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room at 22oC with a convection coefficient of 15
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W/m2·oC. Assume beer has the same properties as
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water.
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