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Module 3: Descriptive Statistics: Activities/Assessment

1) Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and variation (range, variance, standard deviation) were calculated from the frequency distribution. Skewness and kurtosis were also computed, indicating a positive skew and platykurtic distribution. 2) The same analyses were performed in Excel on the raw data, yielding similar but not identical results to the grouped data due to information loss. 3) Skewness and kurtosis were greater for the grouped data, suggesting the distribution was more positively skewed and platykurtic than indicated by the raw data. The computed values differed between grouped and un

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Jane Arcon del Rosario
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96 views

Module 3: Descriptive Statistics: Activities/Assessment

1) Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and variation (range, variance, standard deviation) were calculated from the frequency distribution. Skewness and kurtosis were also computed, indicating a positive skew and platykurtic distribution. 2) The same analyses were performed in Excel on the raw data, yielding similar but not identical results to the grouped data due to information loss. 3) Skewness and kurtosis were greater for the grouped data, suggesting the distribution was more positively skewed and platykurtic than indicated by the raw data. The computed values differed between grouped and un

Uploaded by

Jane Arcon del Rosario
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jane A.

del Rosario

BSA2-16

MODULE 3: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Activities/Assessment

1. Looking at the sample graphs, the more informative presentation is the first graph. It
has a more detailed and concise illustration. On the vertical axis, it is obvious that the
first one provides exactly the number of people who rated it in different variables of x
axis or specifically the frequency, unlike the second graph that provides only
percentage. The variables for the horizontal axis are also arranged in order from poor to
excellent. External and internal can also be easily compared on the first graph since the
bars representing the two variables are piled next to one another.

2. The two samples of good presentation clearly show how important the type of
representation is especially when its goal is to describe and educate. Features of a
presentation to be considered as a good one includes the following:
 Relationship between the variables is shown
 Interval among horizontal axis is more matched with the given data, unlike the bad
presentation wherein the interval is too big for the given data
 Texts are readable

3. 1) 59% = percentage of employees originated from within the organization


2) 23% = percentage of employees that are both internal and rated very good
3) 14% = percentage of employees received needs improvement or poor
4) ‘Very Good’ is the category that contains the greatest number of employees.
5) Looking on the data, it is much noticeable that ratings from internal employees for
every category are greater than ratings from external. It is for a reason that the
population coming from internal is greater than external. Ratings from poor to very
good increases on both external and internal and it both decrease for excellent rating.
4. 1) 78% = percentage of employees that earns less than or equal 80,000
2) 10,000 = salary range of values
3) 41,000-50,000
91,000-100,000
101,000-110,000
salary categories with less than 5%
4) 61,000-70,000 = salary category with most employees

5. The length of life of an instrument produced by a machine has a normal distribution


with a mean of 12 months and standard deviation of 2 months.
Find the probability that an instrument produced by this machine will last

A. less than 7 months.


Mean = 12
Standard deviation = 2
X=7
P (x < 7)
z=(X−μ)/σ
z= (7-12)/2 = -2.5
P(X<7) = P(Z<−2.5)
Z = 0.0062
0.62 %
B. between 7 and 12 months
Mean = 12
Standard deviation = 2
X=7, 12
P (7 < x < 12)
x = 7, Z = (7 - 12)/2 = -2.5
x = 12, Z = (12 - 12)/2 = 0
P (-2.5 < z < 0)
Z= 0.5 - 0.0062
Z = 0.4938
49.38%
6. The lengths of human pregnancies are approximately normally distributed, with mean
µ=266 days and standard deviation ơ = 16 days.
A. What proportion of pregnancies lasts more than 270 days?
Mean = 266
Standard deviation = 16
X=270
P (x >270)
z=(X−μ)/σ
z= (270-266)/16 = 0.25
P(X>270) = P(Z>0.25)
z= 1-0.5987
z = 0.4013
40.13%
B. What proportion of pregnancies lasts less than 250 days?
Mean = 266
Standard deviation = 16
X=250
P (x <250)
z=(X−μ)/σ
z= (250-266)/16 = -1
P(X>250) = P(Z<-1)
z= 0.1587
15.87%
C. What proportion of pregnancies lasts between 240 and 280 days?
Mean = 266
Standard deviation = 16
X=240, 280
P (240 < x < 280)
x = 240, Z = (240 - 266)/16 = -1.625
x = 280, Z = (280 - 266)/16 = 0.875
P (-1.625 < z < 0.875)
Z= 0.8092-0.0521
Z = 0.7571
75.71%
D. What is the probability that a randomly selected pregnancy lasts more than 280
days?
Mean = 266
Standard deviation = 16
X=280
P (x >280)
z=(X−μ)/σ
z= (280-266)/16 = 0.875
P(X>280) = P(Z>0.88)
z= 1-0.8092
z = 0.1908
19.08%
7.

Scores Frequency Percentag x fx LB <cf (xi – x)2 f(xi – x)2


e
26-30 13 17% 28 364 25.5 13
31-35 10 13% 33 330 30.5 23
36-40 16 21% 38 608 35.5 39
41-45 18 24% 43 774 40.5 57
46-50 18 24% 48 864 45.5 75
6
Total N= 75
∑ fxi=2940
i

A. Based on the frequency distribution, compute measures of central tendency,


measures of variation, Q1, D9, P10 , Skewness and kurtosis.
B. Based on the raw data, compute measures of central tendency, measures of
variation, Skewness and kurtosis using Excel.
C. Compute Skewness and kurtosis of grouped and ungrouped data. Make sure to
describe the shape of the distribution.
D. Do you think that computed value for grouped and ungrouped data are the same?

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