ORAL COMMUNICATION REVIEWER

Definition and Nature of Oral Communication

Definition of Communication
 "Communicare" /verb — Make something common.
 "Communis" /noun — Common, commonality or sharing.

"Communication is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another." —
Keith Davis

"Communication is the process by which information is transmitted between individuals or an organization

so that an understanding response results." — Peter Little

Transmission of Information + Reception + Understanding Response

"Communication is an exchange of facts, opinions, ideas, or emotions by two or more people." Koontz and
O'Donnell It is a two-way activity. There is a communicator and a receiver.

Action + Reaction + Interaction

 Communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to
another within across channels, contexts, media, and cultures.

Nature of Communication
Communication is a Process It consists of certain steps and each step has different actions to
take that is essential to an effective communication.
Communication Occurs between There is an interchange of information between the sender and
Two or More People the recipient in communication.
Communication can be Expressed Communication can be classified as verbal and nonverbal.
through Words, Actions, or Both
at the Same Time

Conclusion: Communication is not simply talking. It involves a transaction: a person talking and a person
responding. Communication is what connects us as human beings.

Elements of Communication

 Communication is divided into elements which help us better understand its mechanics of process.
 It is a dynamic process involving a series of actions and reactions with a view to achieve a goal.
Speaker Message
 Also known as the sender.  The information, ideas, or thoughts
 The source of information. conveyed by the speaker in word or actions.
 The one who initiates the conversation.  This is what needs to be delivered and
imparted to somebody else.
Encoding Channel
 The process of converting the message into  The medium or means in which the encoded
words, actions, or other forms that the message is conveyed.
speaker understands.  The means the message is sent.
Decoding Receiver
 The process of interpreting the encoded  The recipient of the message, or someone
message of the speaker by the recipient. who decodes the message.
 Process of turning the communication into  The individual whom the message is directed
thoughts. to
Feedback Barrier
 The reaction, responses, or information  The factor that affects the flow of
provided by the receiver. communication.
 Is the reply to the message — it may be  Can be present anywhere in the process —
positive or negative. it may occur with the sender/listener or even
in the encoding/decoding process.
 Process of Communication

 The process of communication refers to the transmission of information or message from the sender
through a selected channel to the receiver overcoming barriers that affect its pace.
Speaker The speaker generates an idea.

Encoding The speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea

into words or actions.

Channel The speaker transmits or sends out the message.

Receiver The receiver gets the message.

Decoding The receiver decodes or interprets the message

based on the context.

Feedback The receiver sends or provides feedback.

Models of Communication

 Models of communication simplify the process by providing visual representation of a communication.

 These are conceptual models used to explain the human communication process.

Shannon-Weaver Model
 This was created by Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren
Weaver when they wrote an article in Bell System
Technical Journal, entitled "A Mathematical Theory of
Communication."
 The mathematical theory later came to be known as
Shannon-Weaver or Mother of all Communication Model.
 It intended to capture the radio television transmission
process.

This model depicts communication as a linear or one-way process with 6 components:

Source Producer of the message.
Transmitter Encoder of message into signals.
Channel Signals adapted for transmission.
Receiver Decoder of message from the signal.
Destination
Noise Source

Transactional Model
 Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model which is a one-way
process, the transactional model is a two-way process with
the inclusion of feedback as one element.
 This model is more interactive. There is a collaborative
exchange of messages between communicators with the
aim of understanding each other.

Conclusion: Models of Communication are present so that we can better understand the complexities of the
communication process.

Functions of Communication
 Communication functions refer to how people use language for different purposes.
 It refers to how language is affected by different time, place, and situation used to control the behavior
of people to regulate the nature and amount of activities people engage in.

Regulation / Control
 Communication functions that control one's behavior.
Example: Take your medicines, 3 times a day.

Social Interaction
 Used to produce social relationships.
 Used to develop bonds, intimacy, and relations.
 Used to express preferences, desires, needs, wants, decisions, goals, and strengths.
Example: Will you marry me?

Motivation
 Communication motivates or encourages people to live better.
Example: You can do it!

Emotional Expression
 Communication facilitates people's expression of their feelings and emotions:
o Appreciation
o One's ambition
o Needs
o Prayers
Example: We pray for those who suffered a broken heart from their crush.

Information Dissemination
 Communication that conveys information.
Example: Did you know there is a secret apartment at the top of the Eiffel Tower?

Conclusion: As a communicator, we must understand what type of language we should use in a certain
context.

Features of Effective Communication

 These are the keys for having effective communication.

 Introduced by Professor Broom, Cutlip and Center (2002) in their book: Effective Public Relations.
 This list is widely used today, especially in public relations and advertising.
 Also known as 7Cs of Effective Communication.
Completeness Conciseness
 This is an essential quality of the  This C does not mean keeping the message
communication process in general. short but making it directly to the point.
 Communication must include everything that  Insignificant or redundant information should
the receiver needs to hear for them to respond, be eliminated from the communication that will
react or evaluate properly. be sent to the recipient.
Consideration Concreteness
 To be effective, the speaker should do this to  Effective communication happens when the
relevant information about their receiver such as message is supported by facts, figures, and
mood, background, race, preferences, education, real-life examples and situations.
status, needs among others.  The receiver is more connected to the
 By doing so, they can build rapport with the message conveyed.
audience.
Courtesy Clearness
 The speaker shows this feature by respecting  This in communication implies the use of
the culture values and beliefs of their receiver. simple and specific words to express ideas.
 Being polite at all times creates a positive  It is also achieved when the speaker focuses
impact on the audience. only on a single objective in their speech so as
not to confuse the audience.
Correctness
 Implies that good grammar eliminates
negative impact on the audience and increases
credibility and effectiveness of the message.