Structural Design of Mat

Foundation
Conventional Rigid Method:

Step1: Calculate the total column load

Step2: Determine the pressure on the soil (q)

below the mat at point A, B, C…by using the
equation
Step 3: Compare the values of the soil
pressures determine in step 2 with the net
allowable soil pressure to check if q<qall(net)

Step 4: Divide the mat into several strips in X

and Y direction. Let the width of any strip be
B1.

Step 5: Draw the shear and moment diagrams

for each individual strip in X and Y direction.
Step 6: determine depth of the mat d. This can
be done by checking for diagonal tension
shear near various column. According to ACI
Code 318-95(section 11.122.1c). For critical
section

Step 7: from the moment diagrams of all strips

in a given direction (that is X or Y), obtain the
maximum positive and negative moments per
unit width M’=M/B1
 G I
A B=500KN C
A=400KN C=450KN q

7m

Ix
L=1500KN J=1200KN
K=1500KN
0.436m
7m Iy
0.095m

G=1500KN I=1200KN X'

H=1500KN

7m ex

F=400KN D=350KN M
F H E=500KN J D

8m 8m
Cu= 25 KPa
qu= 128.5 KPa
qall= 42.83333 KPa
B= 16.5 m
L= 21.5 m
b= 0.5 m
QA= 400 KN
QB= 500 KN
QC= 450 KN
QD= 350 KN
QE= 500 KN
QF= 400 KN
QG= 1500 KN
QH= 1500 KN
QI= 1200 KN
QJ= 1200 KN
QK= 1500 KN
QL= 1500 KN
SQ= 11000 KN
 Q M y X M xY
q   Y '
A Iy Ix
2
A=BL= 354.75 m

1
Ix  BL3
13665.27 m 4

12

1
Iy  LB 3
8048.391 m
4

12
  Qi X i  Q iY i
X ' 7.813636 m
Y ' 10.84545 m
Q Q
B
ex  X ' -0.43636 m
e y  Y '
L
0.095455 m
2
2
M y  Qe x 4800 KN.m
M x  Qe y 1050 KN.m
11.000 4800.x 1050.y
q    31.
354.75 8048 13665
 11.000 4800.x 1050. y
q    31.0  0.6x  0.077yKPa
354.75 8048 13665

qA= 36.7778 Kpa

qB= 31.8278 KPa
qC= 26.8778 KPa
qD= 25.2223 KPa
qE= 30.1723 KPa
qF= 35.1223 KPa
The soil pressures at all point are less than the allowable bearing capacity
qall= 42.8333 Kpa OK
Strip AGHF
qav= (qA+qF)/2 35.95 Kpa
Total soil reaction qav.B1.L 3284.93125 KN
Total column load on this strip 3800 KN
Average load 3542.4656 KN
Modified average soil pressure
qav.modified= 38.768434 Kpa
Factor modified column load F= 0.93223

QA= 372.8911 KN
QL= 1398.342 KN
QG= 1398.342 KN
QF= 372.8911 KN
The load per unit beam is equal to 164.766 KN
Strip GIJH
qav= (qB+qE)/2 31 Kpa
Total soil reaction qav.B1.L 5332 KN
Total column load on this strip 4000 KN
Average load 4666 KN
Modified average soil pressure
qav.modified= 27.128 Kpa
Factor modified column load F= 1.167

QB= 583.25 KN
QK= 1749.75 KN
QH= 1749.75 KN
QE= 583.25 KN
The load per unit beam is equal to 217 KN
Strip ICDJ
qav= (qC+qD)/2 26.05 Kpa
Total soil reaction qav.B1.L 2380.32 KN
Total column load on this strip 3200 KN
Average load 2790.159 KN
Modified average soil pressure
qav.modified= 30.53526 Kpa
Factor modified column load F= 0.871925

QC= 392.3662 KN
QJ= 1046.31 KN
QI= 1046.31 KN
QD= 305.1737 KN
The load per unit beam is equal to 129.775m KN
Shear on point
SA1= 41.19146 KN 0.25
SA2= -331.7 KN 0.25
SL1= 821.6612 KN 7.25m
SL2= -576.68 KN 7.25m
SG1= 576.6805 KN 14.25m
SG2= -821.661 KN 14.25m
SF1= 331.6997 KN 21.25m
SF2= -41.1915 KN 21.25m
Shear on point
SB1= 54.25581 KN 0.25
SB2= -528.994 KN 0.25
SK1= 990.17m KN 7.25m
SK2= -759.6m KN 7.25m
SH1= 759.58m KN 14.25m
SH2= -990.2m KN 14.25m
SE1= 528.99m KN 21.25m
SE2= -54.26m KN 21.25m
Shear on point
SC1= 32.4437 KN 0.25
SC2= -359.92 KN 0.25
SJ1= 548.502 KN 7.25m
SJ2= -497.81 KN 7.25m
SI1= 410.616 KN 14.25m
SI2= -635.69 KN 14.25m
SD1= 272.73 KN 21.25m
SD2= 32.4437 KN 21.25m
Moment on point
X1= 2.013158 m
X2= 4.986842 m
MA= 5.148933 KN.m
Mmax(AL)= -328.733 KN.m
ML= 1720.014 KN.m X5= 3.5m
Mmax(LG)= 710.824m KN.m X6= 3.5m
MG= 1720.014 KN.m
Mmax(GF)= -328.733 KN.m
MF= -5.14893 KN.m
X3= 2.01316m m
X4= 4.986842 m
 Moment on point
X1= 2.4375 m
X2= 4.5625m m
0.25 MB= 6.781977 KN.m
2.01316 Mmax(BK)= -637.93 KN.m
7.25m MK= 1620.892 KN.m X5= 3.5m
10.75m Mmax(KH)= 291.62m KN.m X6= 3.5m
14.25m MH= 1620.9m KN.m
17.75m Mmax(HE)= -637.93 KN.m
21.25m X3= 2.4375m m
X4= 4.5625m m
ME= -6.78198
Moment on point
X1= 2.77344 m
X2= 4.23 m
MC= 4.05546 KN.m
Mmax(CJ)= -495.06 KN.m
MJ= 664.08 KN.m X5= 3.84m
Mmax(JI)= -290.70 KN.m X6= 3.1641
MI= 358.91 KN.m
Mmax(ID)= -282.52 KN.m
X3= 2.10156 m
X4= 4.89844 m
MD= 4.05546 KN.m
 Shear diagram AF

1000

800 821.6612435

600 576.6804506
400
331.6996577
Strength(KN)

200

0 41.19146076
-41.19146076
0 5 10 15 20 25
-200
-331.6996577
-400

-600 -576.6804506

-800 -821.6612435
-1000
Distance(m)
 Moment diagram AF

2000
1720.014483 1720.014483
1500
Moment(KN.m)

1000

710.8236945m
500

0 5.148932594 -5.148932594
0 5 10 15 20 25
-328.7329597 -328.7329597
-500 Bottom steel

top steel Distance(m) Top steel

Determination of the thickness of the Mat

Column load 1500KN bo= (0.5+d/2)+(0.5+d/2)+(0.5+d)=1.5+2d

0.5+d/2 U=(bod)[f.0.34.f'c ]
0.5

U= 1.7 x 1500= 2.55 MN

2.55=(1.5+2d)(d)[(0.85)(0.34)(20.7)0.5]
(1.5+2d)d=1.94
0.5+d 2d2+1.5d-1.94=0
d= 0.68 m
minimum cover= 76 mm
steel bars= 25 mm
h= 0.781 m
We take h= 0.8 m
Determination of Reinforcement

Maximum positive momement is located in strip AGHF

M'= 1720/B1= 404.706 KN.m/m
Maximum negative momement is located in strip GIJH
M'= 637.93/B1= 150.101 KN.m/m
Mu=M'(load factor)=fAsfy(d-a/2)
For the positive moment
Mu=(404.71)(1.7)=fAs(413.7*1000)(0.68-a/2)
688.007 = 351645 As(0.68-a/2)
0.00195654 = As(0.68-a/2)
AS f y 413 .7 As.
a = = 23.51As or As= 0.0425a
0.85 f ' c b (0.85 )( 20 .7)(1)
 0.00195654 = 0.0425a(0.68-a/2)
= 0.0289a-0.02125a2 So a= 0.07147
2 2
0.0289a-0.02125a -0.001957=0 As= 0.00304 m /m
-0.02125 As= 3037.58 mm2/m
0.0289 For steel D=25mm A= 490.8739 mm2
-0.001957 So for spacing bars at 160 mm center to center
0.00066887 As provided= (490.874)(1000/160)= 3067.96 mm2/m
0.02586242
0.07147237
For the negative moment
Mu=(150.1)(1.7)=fAs(413.7*1000)(0.68-a/2)
255.172 = 351645 As(0.68-a/2)
0.00073 = As(0.68-a/2)

Similarly
As= 0.0425a
0.000726 = 0.0425a(0.68-a/2)
2
= 0.0289a-0.02125a
 2
0.0289a-0.02125a -0.00073=0 So a= 0.02575
-0.02125 As= 0.00109 m2/m
0.0289 As= 1094.25 mm2/m
2
-0.00073 For steel D=25mm A= 490.874 mm
0.00077 So for spacing bars at 300mm center to center
0.02781 As provided= (490.874)(1000/300)= 1963.5 mm2/m
a= 0.02575