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Dawn Thunder
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poverty is due to lack of education, resources such as capital and technology.

˙Considered as the national strategy which adopts the western mode of technological
development

˙
introduces whatever resources are lacking in a given community (a project development
approach)

˙Assumes the development consists of abandoning the traditional methods & must
adopt the technology of industrial countries
Transformatory/Participatory Approach
empowering/transforming the poor and the oppressed sector of society.

˙Assumes that poverty is not God-given

˙Believes that poverty is caused by prevalence of exploitation, oppression, domination


and other unjust structures
Pre-Entry Phase
the initial phase that includes:
—designing a development plan
—designing criteria for the selection
—selecting site

**the simplest phase in terms of actual outputs, activities, and strategies and time spent
for it
Importance of COPAR
★community and people empowerment
★prepares people to take-over management of programs
★maximizes community participation
Principles of COPAR
✩People change ..esp. the most oppressed
✩it should based on the interest of the poorest
✩should lead to self-reliant community/society
Methods used in COPAR
1.) Progressive Cycle of Action-reflection-action

2.) Consciousness-raising through experiential learning

3.) participatory and mass-based

4.) group centered and not leader-oriented.


Progressive Cycle of Action-reflection-action
begin with small, local and concrete issues identified by the people and the evaluation
and reflection of and action taken by the people.

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