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Horizontal, Multilateral, ERD Wells, MWD

Horizontal, directional, and multilateral wells allow access to reservoirs that were previously unreachable with vertical wells. Directional drilling techniques like extended reach wells and multilateral wells increase reservoir contact and production. Measurement while drilling provides real-time wellbore positioning data to accurately target zones and avoid collisions, reducing rig time and hazards compared to traditional wireline surveys.

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Nilon Chakravorty
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167 views20 pages

Horizontal, Multilateral, ERD Wells, MWD

Horizontal, directional, and multilateral wells allow access to reservoirs that were previously unreachable with vertical wells. Directional drilling techniques like extended reach wells and multilateral wells increase reservoir contact and production. Measurement while drilling provides real-time wellbore positioning data to accurately target zones and avoid collisions, reducing rig time and hazards compared to traditional wireline surveys.

Uploaded by

Nilon Chakravorty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

Horizontal, ERD & Multilateral Wells, MWD

1
Application of Horizontal Wells
1. To produce from naturally fractured reservoirs

2. To produce from thin oil zones with water or gas


coning problems

3. To increase productivity from low permeability


reservoirs by increasing the amount of formation
exposed to the wellbore.

4. To maximize production from reservoirs which are not


being efficiently drained by vertical wells.

5. In EOR applications, especially in thermal EOR. A long


horizontal well provides a large reservoir contact area
and therefore enhances injectivity of an injection well.

6. In gas production, horizontal wells can be used in


low permeability as well as high permeability
reservoirs.
Horizontal Wells
Extended Reach Wells

Extended Reach Wells (ERW) are defined as wells


where the ratio of measured depth (MD) to true
vertical depth (TVD) is greater than two.

➢In other words for a LRW with a ration of two we require to drill
twice the TVD to reach the reservoir. Hence, if the reservoir is at
10,000 ft TVD, the MD is 20,000 ft.

➢Field experience has shown that beyond 8500 m (27,887 ft),


axial drag is too high to allow an oriented steerable motor and
drillbit to slide. Beyond this critical depth, rotary steerable systems
was found to provide both good performance and the ability to
steer.
Multilateral Wells
A multilateral well is a well that has two or more drainage
holes (or secondary laterals or branches or arms or legs)
drilled from a primary well bore (or trunk or main bore or mother
bore or backbore).

Lateral: A lateral can be a horizontal portion of a well drilled from


the top of the reservoir or an entire well deviated from a given
point above the top of the reservoir.
Multi-laterals: Multiple boreholes drilled from a single wellbore.
These can be horizontal or deviated.
Branch: A lateral drilled from a horizontal lateral in the horizontal
plane.
Dual-lateral: A multi-lateral well with two laterals, usually the
two laterals are opposed at 180 degrees emerging from the same
wellbore.
Stacked-lateral: Two or more laterals departing from the same
wellbore at different depths.
Branched: Two or more laterals emanating from a single point
Applications of Multilateral Wells

➢ Tight reservoirs

➢ EOR tools

➢Slot recovery

➢Injection/Production from same well


Complex drainage reservoirs

➢ Structural delineation from first few wells

➢Exploration wells keepers, if main well was


dry
Advantages of Multilateral Wells

➢Increased production from a single well due


to increased reservoir exposure

➢ Accelerated production

➢Reduction of surface well equipment and


surface facility costs

➢Multi-laterals provide flexible selectivity and


easy monitoring of oil and gas wells

➢Future plugbacks are laid out now avoiding


expensive future re-drills
Directional Wellbore Survey
➢As more and more complex well profiles are attempted, at higher inclination
angles and latitudes, toward smaller and often multiple targets, the importance
of survey technology becomes clear. Such sophisticated applications demand
accurate downhole position information.

➢It is a basic requirement of directional drilling to be able to locate the


wellbore's present position, track the path it took to get there, and project where
it is going.

To do so, a directional survey will acquire downhole information of


borehole attitude and toolface position, and either transmit that
information to the surface, or store it for retrieval upon return to the
surface.

18
Wellbore Survey

• Survey instruments are used to determine


the inclination and azimuth of a wellbore.

• There are two types of survey instruments:


magnetic and gyroscopic.

• The magnetic survey instruments use the earth ’s


magnetic field to determine the azimuth of the
wellbore.

• The gyroscopic instruments use a gyroscope to


determine azimuth.
Why to do a directional survey?

• Hit the specified geological targets – lateral and TVD

• Avoid collision with existing wells –potential blowout

• Provide co-ordinates for relief well – in well blowout

• Provide data for other operations – logging, casing

• Provide accurate TVD – for well control calculations


and pressure calculations

• Improve reservoir and geological data – to help


optimize production
Measurement While Drilling (MWD)
Measurement While Drilling (MWD)
MWD data recording and processing procedure

➢The electronic sensors in the MWD tool record the raw


directional data.

➢Depending upon the MWD tool, a microprocessor converts


the data to a binary code or calculates the survey and
converts the survey to a binary code.

➢The microprocessor will then send a signal to the pulser.


The position of the pulser will determine if the tool is
sending a one or zero.

➢The pressure pulses will travel up the drill string and a


transducer on the standpipe will change the mechanical
pressure pulses to an electronic signal.

➢The surface computer deciphers the binary code and


displays the survey data.
Advantages of MWD
1. Savings in rig time: It takes three to five minutes to obtain a
survey with an interruption in drilling of less than two minutes
usually on connections. It reduces the time necessary to orient
downhole motors, because the tools transmit a new toolface at
least every 2 minutes.

2. Reduction in drilling hazards: he risk of sticking the pipe is


reduced. Circulation is maintained while surveying and only 1½
minutes without pipe movement are required to take the
survey.

3.The tools are compatible with current drilling


operations: The tools do not need any special devices or
procedures for installation. The tools are housed in their own non-
magnetic drill collar, and they can be substituted for the non-
magnetic collar used with other survey methods.

4.The drill string can be rotated with the MWD in the hole:
Without a wireline in the hole, the drill string can be rotated.
Thus, the MWD enabled the development of the steerable motor
assembly.

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