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3rd Class Hand Note 18.10.21 DA

This document discusses different measures of central tendency including the mean, median, and mode. It provides formulas for calculating the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean. It then works through an example calculating these measures from a frequency distribution with 5 classes. The arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean are calculated directly and using a shortcut method.

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30 views

3rd Class Hand Note 18.10.21 DA

This document discusses different measures of central tendency including the mean, median, and mode. It provides formulas for calculating the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean. It then works through an example calculating these measures from a frequency distribution with 5 classes. The arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean are calculated directly and using a shortcut method.

Uploaded by

gtgtdfgfdg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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3rd class:

Measure of central tendency


It is a way to describe the center of data set.
Central tendency is mainly types:
i) Mean:
• Arithmetic mean
• Geometric mean
• Harmonic mean
ii) Median
iii) mode
Arithmetic mean/average:
Let 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , … … , 𝒙𝒏 be n times of observation, then the
arithmetic mean is defined by
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ … + 𝒙𝒏
̅=
𝒙
𝒏
∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝒙𝒊
=
𝒏
If frequencies occur
∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊
̅=
𝒙
𝒏
Geometric mean:
Let 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , … … , 𝒙𝒏 be n times of observation, then the
geometric mean is defined by
𝒏
𝑮. 𝑴 = √(𝒙𝟏 . 𝒙𝟐 . … … 𝒙𝒏 )
𝟏
𝑮= (𝒙𝟏 . 𝒙𝟐 . … … 𝒙𝒏 )𝒏
𝟏
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑮 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒙𝟏 . 𝒙𝟐 . … … 𝒙𝒏 )
𝒏
𝟏
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑮 = (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝟏 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ . +𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒏 )
𝒏
𝒏
𝟏
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑮 = ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊
𝒏
𝒊=𝟏

If frequencies occur
𝒏
𝟏
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑮 = ∑ 𝒇𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊
𝒏
𝒊=𝟏
𝒏
𝟏
𝑮 = 𝑨𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒐𝒈( ∑ 𝒇𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )
𝒏
𝒊=𝟏

Harmonic mean:
Let 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , … … , 𝒙𝒏 be n times of observation, then the
harmonic mean is defined by
𝟏
𝑯=
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ + ⋯.+
𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝒏
𝒏
𝟏
Reciprocal of 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙
𝟏
𝒏 𝒏
𝑯= =
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ + ⋯ . + ∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏
𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝒏 𝒙𝒊
If frequencies occur
𝒏
𝑯=
𝒇𝒊
∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏
𝒙𝒊
Problem: Calculate arithmetic mean, geometric mean and
harmonic mean from the following frequency distribution:
Class interval Frequency
0-10 5
10-20 7
20-30 13
30-40 10
40-50 15
50-60 5
Solution:
Class Frequency(fi) Mid 𝒇𝒊 𝒙 𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒇𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒇𝒊
interval value(xi) 𝒙𝒊
0-10 5 5 25 0.69 3.49 1
10-20 7 15 105 1.17 8.23 0.46
20-30 13 25 325 1.40 18.17 0.52
30-40 10 35 350 1.54 15.4 0.28
40-50 15 45 675 1.65 24.79 0.33
50-60 5 55 275 1.74 8.70 0.09
Total N=55 𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
𝒇𝒊
∑ 𝒇𝒊 𝒙 𝒊 ∑ 𝒇𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 ∑
𝒊=𝟏 𝒙𝒊
𝒊=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏
= 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟓
= 𝟕𝟖. 𝟕𝟖 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟖
∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟓
̅=
𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅: 𝒙 = = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟗𝟎
𝒏 𝟓𝟓
𝒏
𝟏
𝑮 = 𝑨𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( ∑ 𝒇𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )
𝒏
𝒊=𝟏
𝟕𝟖. 𝟕𝟖
= 𝑨𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( ) = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟗𝟏
𝟓𝟓
𝒏 𝟓𝟓
𝑯= = = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟓𝟐
𝒇 𝒊 𝟐. 𝟔𝟖
∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏
𝒙𝒊
Calculating arithmetic mean using Short-cut method:

Class Frequency(fi) Mid 𝒙𝒊 − 𝑨 𝒇 𝒊 𝒅𝒊


𝒅𝒊 =
interval value(xi) 𝒄

0-10 5 5 -4 -20
10-20 7 15 -3 -21
20-30 13 25 -2 -26
30-40 10 35 -1 -10
40-50 15 45(A) 0 0
50-60 5 55 1 5
𝒏
Total N=55
∑ 𝒇 𝒊 𝒅𝒊
𝒊=𝟏
= −𝟕𝟐

∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝒇𝒊 𝒅𝒊 −𝟕𝟐
̅=𝑨+
𝒙 . 𝒄 = 𝟒𝟓 + . 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟗𝟎
𝒏 𝟓𝟓
A=approximate mean
C=class interval
N= total number of observations
𝒙𝒊 − 𝑨
𝒅𝒊 =
𝒄

Next class: median ,mode and Quantiles

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