Predetermined Motion Time Systems

Sections:
1. Overview of Predetermined Motion
Chapter 14 Time Systems
2. Methods-Time Measurement
3. MTM-1
4. Maynard Operation Sequence
Technique (MOST)

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 Overview-PMTS Defined
 An alternative to direct time study that does not require
performance rating.

 PMTS is a database of basic motion elements and their

associated normal time values, together with procedures for
applying the data to analyze manual tasks and establish
standard times for the tasks

 Basic motions include:

o Reach
o Grasp
o Move
o Release

 The time required to perform these basic motions usually

depends on certain work variables (reach and distance; move
and weight of object; etc.).

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 PMTS Procedure
 To apply PMTS to a task the analyst must accomplish the
following steps:

1. Analyze method that would be used to perform the task

 The method is described in terms of basic motion
elements

2. Retrieve normal time values for each motion element

 Sum the element times to determine the task normal
time

3. Evaluate method to make improvements by

 eliminating motions
 reducing distances
 using both hands simultaneously etc.

4. Apply allowances to determine standard time

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 PMTS Levels and Generations

 There are various types of PMT systems, and these types

have various levels.

 First-level PMT Systems use the basic motion elements,

for example:
 Reach, grasp, and move used separately to define
the task.

 Higher-level systems combine several motion elements

into motion aggregates, for example:
 “Get” combines Reach and grasp into one element.
 “Put” combines move and position into one element.

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 PMTS Levels and Generations (CONT.)

 First-level systems were chronologically the first to be

developed and are called first generation PMTS (MTM-1)

 MTM-2 is the second generation of PMT systems.

 MTM-3 is the third generations.

 Some of Predetermined Motion Time systems:

• Method Time Measurements (MTM)

• Maynard Operation Sequence Technique (MOST)

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 Comparisons
First-level PMTS Higher-level PMTS

 Most accurate  Less accurate

 High application speed ratio  Less time to set standards

 Most suited to highly repetitive  Longer cycle times feasible

short cycles
 Motion aggregate
 Basic motion elements
 Less detailed; easier to apply
 Very detailed
 Less flexible
 Highest flexibility

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Methods-Time Measurement (MTM)
 MTM is a procedure which analyzes any manual
operation or method into the basic motions required to
perform it and assigns to each motion a predetermined
time standard which is determined by the nature of the
motion and the conditions under which it is made

 Time units are TMUs (Time Measurements Units)

1 TMU = 0.00001 hr = 0.0006 min = 0.036 sec
1 sec = 27.8 TMU

 MTM is a family of products available through the MTM

Association (www.mtm.org) and the original MTM is now
called MTM-1.

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Methods-Time Measurement

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 MTM-1
 Operates at the basic motion element level in our
pyramidal structure of work (same in therbligs)

 Most MTM-1 basic motions involve hand and arm

movements
 Also includes elements for eye, leg, foot, and body
actions

 More appropriate for tasks that are highly repetitive and

cycle times are less than 1 min

 Time unit in MTM are called TMUs (time measurement

units).

1 TMU = 0.00001 hr = 0.0006 min = 0.036 sec

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 MTM-1: Motion Elements

1- Reach (R): Basic motion elements

involves moving the hands and fingers to the
new destination.
Normal Time in
TMU
Example:

 R1C takes 3.6 TMUs

Case and
Motion element description
Symbol
Distance
(inches)

Normal Time (Tn)= 3.6 * 0.036 = 0.130

sec

R32E takes: 22.9 + (2 × 0.6) = 24.1 TMUs

Normal Time (Tn)= 24.1 × 0.036 = 0.868 sec
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 MTM-1: Motion Elements (Cont.)

2- Grasp (G): Use fingers and hands to

gain control on one object or more.

Example:

 G1C3 takes 10.8 TMUs

Motion element
Symbol

Case and
description

 Normal Time= 0.389 sec

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 MTM-1: Motion Elements (Cont.)

3- Move (M): Using the hand and fingers to

relocate an object

Example:
 M8B11 takes
Motion element Weight
Type of
Symbol up to (lb)
case
Distance in
inches

TMU= Constant + Factor × (TMU value from table)

= 3.9+1.11(10.6)=15.7 TMUs
Normal Time= 15.7 × 0.036= 0.564 sec 12
 MTM-1: Motion Elements (Cont.)

4- Position (P): A relatively short hand motion employed to align, orient or engage
the object to another.
Example:
 P3NSD takes 53.4 TMUs  Normal Time= 53.4* 0.036= 1.92 sec

Motion element  Round peg in a round hole: Symmetrical

Symbol class
Symmetry
Easy handle OR  Wrench over hexagonal nut: Semi Symmetrical
Difficult
 Key inserted in a lock: Non Symmetrical

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 MTM-1: Motion Elements (Cont.)

5- Release (RL): A hand and finger 6- Disengage (D): A hand and finger motion
motion element in order to release element in order to separate one object from
(free) an object another one (disassemble)
Example: Example:
 RL1 takes 2.0 TMUs  D3E takes 22.9 TMUs
 Normal Time= 0.072 sec  Normal Time= 0.824 sec

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 Example (MTM-1)

Q1. A worker seated at a table performs a REACH. The sought-after

object is jumbled with other objects in a tote pan, and the distance of
the reach is 18 in. Determine the MTM-1 symbol and normal time in
TMUs for this motion element.

Solution:

MTM-1 symbol = R18C (From Reach table)

So, the normal time (from Reach table) = 18.4 TMU

The normal time in sec = 18.4 TMU * 0.036 = 0.662 sec

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 Example (MTM-1)

Q2. An assembly worker standing at a workbench performs a MOVE.

The object being moved weighs 10 lb. It is moved to an exact location
a distance of 20 in. Determine the MTM-1 symbol and normal time in
TMUs and in seconds for this motion element.

Solution:

MTM-1 symbol = M20C10

So, the normal time (from Move table):
Tn = 3.9 + 1.11(22.1) = 3.9 + 24.5 = 28.4 TMU
= 28.4 TMU * 0.036 = 1.0224 sec

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17
 Example (MTM-1) (Cont.)

Q3. A work element in a manual assembly task consists of the

following MTM-1 elements: (1) R16C, (2) G4A, (3) M10B5, (4) RL1,
(5) R14B, (6) G1B, (7) M8C3, (8) P1NSE, and (9) RL1. (a) Determine
the normal times in TMUs for these motion elements. (b) What is the
total time for this work element in sec?
Solution:
(a) The individual motion element times are given as follows:
(1) R16C, Tn = 17.0 TMU (2) G4A, Tn = 7.3 TMU
(3) M10B5, Tn = 2.2 + 1.06(12.2) = 15.1 TMU (4) RL1, Tn = 2.0 TMU
(5) R14B, Tn = 14.4 TMU (6) G1B, Tn = 3.5 TMU
(7) M8C3, Tn = 2.2 + 1.06(11.8) = 14.7 TMU (8) P1NSE, Tn = 10.4 TMU
(9) RL1, Tn = 2.0 TMU. Total = 86.4 TMU.
(b) Total normal time in seconds = 86.4 TMU (0.036) = 3.1 sec
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Maynard Operation Sequence Technique
(MOST)

 MOST is a high-level PMTS based on MTM

 Same time units as MTM: TMU

 MOST is a product of H.B. Maynard and

Company (an educational and consulting
firm), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
(www.hbmaynard.com)

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MOST in the Work Pyramid

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 Basic MOST
 Focused on work involving the movement of objects (e.g.,
parts, tools) from one location to another in the workplace
 Uses motion aggregates
 Called activity sequence models

 Three activity sequence models:

 General move – object moved freely in space
 Controlled move – object remains in contact with a
surface
 Tool use – use of hand tools (e.g., hammer,
screwdriver)

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 General Move
 Consists of sequence model parameters, which correspond
roughly to basic motion elements
 Sequence model parameters for General Move:
 A – Action distance (move hands or feet) – horizontal
body motions
 B – Body motion (sit, stand up) – vertical body motions
 G - Gain control (closely related to grasp)
 P – Placement (e.g., position, lay aside, orient)

 Standard sequence in General Move:

ABGABPA
ABG: to get an object;
ABP: to move the object to a new location;
A: return to original position

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Normal Time in TMU = 10 × (sum of index values)
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 Example: General Move
 Develop the activity sequence model and determine the normal
time for the following work activity: A worker walks 5 steps,
picks up a small part from the floor, returns to his original
position, and places the part on his worktable.

 Solution
A10B6G1A10B0P1A0
where A10=walk 5 steps;
B6=bend and arise;
G1=gain control of small part;
A10=return back;
B0=no body motion;
P1:lay aside part on table;
A0=no motion

The sum of index values= 10+6+1+10+0+1+0 = 28.

Normal time Tn: 10 × 28=280 TMUs = 280*0.036 = 10.1 sec

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 Controlled move
 Used when an object is moved through a path that is somehow
constrained. In this case we need additional three new
parameters beside previous parameters of the general move
(A, B and G):
 M-Move, used to describe any manual body motion require to
move an object with controlled condition.
 X-Process time: since it may include the operation of machinery.
 I-Align: this parameters is used when the manual motions are
performed at the end of the control move to align object

 Standard sequence in controlled move: ABGMXIA

ABG: to get an object;
MXI: to move the object followed by a process time and alignment,
A: to return

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Controlled move (Cont.)

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Controlled move (Cont.)

Type of Milling Machine 27

Controlled move (Cont.)

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 Example: Controlled move
Q1. Develop the activity sequence model and determine the
normal time for the following work activity: A worker takes 2
steps, grasp the waist-level feed lever on the lathe in stand
position, pulls up the lever approximately 15 cm to engage
the feed. Process time to turn the part is 25 sec. There is no
alignment and no action by the worker at the end of the
process time.

 Solution:
From tables 14-6 and 14-7:
25 × 2.78 = 69.5 = 70
A3 B0 G1 M1 X70 I0 A0
Tn = 10(3+0+1+1+70+0+0) = 750 TMUs (or 27 sec)

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 Example: Controlled move
Q2. Develop the activity sequence model and determine the
normal time for the following work activity in second: A
machinist standing in front of his milling machine, grasps the
waist level feed lever on the machine, and rotates the lever
one crank to engage the feed. The process time to mill the
part is 50 sec. There is no alignment and no action by the
worker at the end of the process time.
 Solution:

From tables 14-6 and 14-7:

50 × 2.78 = 139
A1B0G1M3X139I0A0
Tn = 10(1 + 1 + 3 + 139) = 10(144) = 1440 TMUs (51.8 sec)

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 Tool Use
 Standard sequence in controlled move:
ABGABP*ABPA
ABG: to get an object;
ABP: to put the object
A: to return

The * symbol represents specific Tool Use activity:

F: fasten
L: loosen
C: cut
S: surface treat
M: measure
R: record
T: think
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