JOHOR MATRICULATION
COLLEGE CHEMISTRY UNIT
PRACTICAL REPORT
CODE AND NAME OF COURSE SK015 – CHEMISTRY 1
SEMESTER 1
CLO 2: Demonstrate the correct techniques in handling laboratory
apparatus and chemicals when carrying out experiments.
COURSE LEARNING
(P3, PLO 2, MQF LOD 2)
OUTCOMES CLO 3: Solve chemistry related problems by applying basic
concepts and principles in physical chemistry.
(C4, PLO 4, CTPS 3, MQF LOD 6)
LEARNING OUTCOMES i. To verify Boyle’s Law by using graphical method
ii. To verify Charles’ Law by using graphical method
STUDENT’S NAME VESHAL A/L RAMESH
MATRIC NO. MS2116116194
DATE OF EXPERIMENT 21.10.2021
LECTURER’S NAME NUR DEENA KHALID
SESSION 2021/ 2022
I understand that Lab Reports are individual efforts. Despite conducting experiments and
investigation in groups, all lab reports are to be done individually. I have not copied of text from any
website or work done by another student. If computer was used to produce this report, I have not
shared files (data, tables, text, graphs etc) with another student. This lab report is my own work.
Signature: ………………………………………..
Date: 21 OCTOBER 2021
LAB REPORT: EXPERIMENT 4 GAS LAWS
Title Gas Laws
Objective 1. To verify Boyle’s Law by using graphical method
2. To verify Charles’ Law by using graphical method
Introduction Boyle’s Law
Volume of a fixed mass of a given gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
at constant temperature.
V α 1 (n and T constant)
p
Charles’ Law
Volume of a fixed mass of a given gas is directly proportional to its absolute
temperature at constant pressure.
V α T (n and P constant)
Avogadro’s Principle
All gases of equal volume will contain the same number of molecules at the
constant temperature and pressure.
V α n (T and P constant)
Ideal Gas Equation:
By combining the relationships governed by the gas laws, a general equation
known as the ideal gas equation can be obtained.
Thus, combining the three laws, we get
𝑛𝑇
Vα P
The above expression can be written as
PV = nRT
Procedure (A) Boyle’s Law
(*Change
1. Click on the link or scan the QR code given.
into passive
form: https://ch301.cm.utexas.edu/simulations/js/idealgaslaw/
provided
2. Gas A has been selected using the searchable drop-down list on the bottom- right
here is
active corner of the dashboard on the "Simulator" page.
form*)
3. The gas container has been cleared by tapping the gas valve until the container is
empty.
4. A constant temperature has been set (in a range of 250 to 300 K).
5.The gas pump was pressed down once. The readings of volume, temperature and
pressure was recorded.
6. Change the volume of gas and record the respective pressure.
Note: Make sure the temperature is constant throughout the process.
7. Repeat Step 4 for four times to obtain 5 sets of data.
8. Record the data obtained in Table 2.1.
(B) Charles’ law
1. Click on the link or scan the QR code given.
https://ch301.cm.utexas.edu/simulations/js/idealgaslaw/
2.Select a gas (Gas A or Gas B) using the searchable drop-down list on the bottom-
right corner of the dashboard on the "Simulator" page.
3. Clear the gas container by tapping the gas valve until the container is empty.
4. Set the temperature in the range of 250 to 300 K.
5.Press down the gas pump once. Record the readings of volume, temperature and
pressure.
6. Change the temperature of gas and record the respective volume and
pressure. Note: Make sure the pressure is constant throughout the process.
7.Observe the speed of particles in the gas container and relate the speed with the
average kinetic energy.
8. Repeat Step 4 for four times to obtain 5 sets of data.
9. Record the data obtained in Table 2.2.
10. Plot a graph of Volume of gas versus Temperature of gas (in degree Celsius)
using the data obtained. Label the axis with appropriate units.
11. Extrapolate the graph line until V = 0, to obtain the absolute zero temperature.
12. By referring to the graph plotted, explain the relationship between volume of
gas and temperature of gas using Kinetic Molecular Theory of gas.
13. Compare the speed of particles at two different temperatures in relation to
average kinetic energy in Table 2.3.
Results/ (A) Boyle’s law
Discussion
1. Complete the following Table 2.1:
Table 2.1 Boyle’s Law
Volume of gas (L) Pressure of gas (atm) Constant temperature = 275 K
1000 0.68
810 0.84
680 1.00
530 1.28
380 1.78
2. Plot the graph volume of gas versus pressure of gas
3. Relationship between volume and pressure of gas.
From the graph:
(i) volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas.
(ii) according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, when the temperature is
constant, the average kinetic energy is the same.
(iii) there is no increase of the number of collisions due to temperature.
(iv) however, when the volume of container shrinks, the gas particles are forced
to be packed together.
(v) number of particles per unit volume increase.
(vi) this will cause more collisions at the wall of container and more
pressure will be exerted.
(vii) therefore, when volume decreases, pressure increases.
(viii) volume and pressure are inversely related if the temperature is kept
constant.
(B) Charles’ Law
1. Complete the following Table 2.2:
Table 2.2 Charles’ Law
Volume of gas (L) Temperature of gas (K) Temperature of gas (OC)
726 295 21.85
702 285 11.85
677 275 1.85
652 265 -8.15
628 255 -18.15
Constant Pressure = 1.00 atm
2. Plot graph volume of gas versus temperature of gas in degree celsius (oC).
3. Relationship between volume of gas and temperature of gas:
From the graph:
(i) volume of gas is directed proportional to the obsolute temperature.
(ii) according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, when the temperature has
increased, the average kinetic energy of the particles increases.
(iii) this makes the particles to move faster since they have more kinetic
energy and hit the wall of container more vigorously which would
increase the pressure.
(iv) to maintain a constant pressure, the volume of the containers needs to
increase so that the molecules would cover a larger distance thereby
maintaining a constant rate of collisions.
(v) when temperature increases, volume increases. Hence, volume and
temperature are directly related if the pressure is kept constant.
4. Complete Table 2.3 and compare the speed of gas particles at two different
Higher Higher
temperatures in relation to average kinetic energy.
Table 2.3 Speed of gas particles
Temperature Average kinetic Speed of gas particles
-1-
(K) energy (kJ mol )
Lower Lower Gas particles move faster
because they possess higher average
kinetic energy at higher temperature.
Gas particles move slower because
they possess lower average
kinetic energy at lower temperature.
Conclusion 1. Boyle’s Law:
At constant temperature, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is
inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas.
2. Charles’ Law:
At constant temperature, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly
proportional to its obsolute temperature.
Additional 1.Which of the following graphs represents the correct relationship between the
exercises pressure and the volume of a gas at constant temperature?
Answer : C
2.Explain why the graph is shaped as it is and name the related gas law to support
your answer.
It is because when the volume of gas decreases, the pressure of the gas increases
and vice versa. It is known as Boyle’s Law.
3.Which of the following graphs represents the correct relationship between the
volume and the temperature of a gas at a fixed pressure?
Answer : D
4. Explain why the graph is shaped as it is and name the related gas law to support
your answer.
It is because when the temperature increases, the volume also increases.
It is known as Charles’ Law.
Solute
