English Literary Setting Homes People Technology Advancement Values Historical Event

Movement
Anglo-Saxon
Period
Medieval Period In the Medieval homes were cold, damp, and dark. The period saw major technological advances, From the time of Beowulf to that of Malory's
history of Sometimes it was warmer and lighter outside the including the adoption of gunpowder, the Arthurian tales, the European nobility and
Europe, home than within its walls. invention of vertical windmills, spectacles, the writers they supported celebrated
the mechanical clocks, and greatly improved water military values: valor, loyalty, personal
Middle mills. honor, and chivalry.
Ages or
medieval
period
lasted
approxim
ately from
the 5 to th

the late
15 th

centuries,
similarly
to the
Post-
classical
period of
global
history. It
began
with the
fall of the
Western
Roman
Empire
and
transition
ed into
the
Renaissa
nce and
the Age
of
Discovery
Renaissance The Typical homes in the Renaissance period The era is marked by profound technical Renaissance people had certain common JAN 1, 1512 Michelangelo paints the
Period Renaissa were small and made from wood or stone advancements such as the printing press, values, too. Among them were humanism, Sistine Chapel Forced into painting by the
nce for those in the lower classes. A thatched roof linear perspective in drawing, patent law, double individualism, skepticism, well- Pope, Michelangelo painted 9 scenes
started in and rectangular windows were common, and shell domes and bastion fortresses. roundedness, secularism, and from the old testament onto the ceiling
Florence, shutters made of wood were pulled over the classicism (all defined below). These and walls of the Sistine Chapel.
Italy, a windows to close them. Most homes had only values were reflected in buildings, writing,
place with two rooms, with a fire in the center for warmth painting and sculpture, science, every
a rich and cooking. aspect of their lives.
cultural
history
where
wealthy
citizens
could
afford to
 support
budding
artists.
Then,
during the
15th

century,
Renaissa
nce ideas
spread
from Italy
to France
and then
througho
ut
western
and
northern
Europe.
Tudor The Their distinct appearance that makes them easily This is the world of Shakespeare's plays, They value laws and rules as the tools for 1485: Henry Tudor invades and
Tudor recognizable and unique among their more populated with ideas and technologies that his keeping order and stability. It is here that defeats Richard III at the Battle of
period in symmetrical, lighter colonial neighbors. These audience would have recognized from right becomes obeying the law and wrong Bosworth and is crowned king Henry VII.
Britain homes come in all sizes, and while smaller contemporary life: clocks, globes, compasses, becomes disobeying the law. Relationships 1486: Henry and Elizabeth marry;
extended versions might have a quaint storybook the distorting 'perspective glass'. become more important, and the effect their Prince Arthur is born.
from appearance to them, larger Tudors more often actions may have on their relationships 1487: Lambert Simnel invades
1485 to embody the romantic ideal of an English country becomes another key component in from Ireland, and is defeated at Stoke;
1603, manor. That charming, old-world feel has determining right behavior the Wars of the Roses end.
when the appealed to many Americans over the last
House of century and a half.
Tudor
controlled
the
English
throne.
There
were five
Tudor
monarchs
, and two
of them
were
hugely
influential
: Henry
VIII, who
reigned
from
1509 to
1547, and
Elizabeth
I, who
reigned
from
1558 to
1603
 The
Tudor era
in
England
was a
period of
elaborate
palaces
and
castles.
The
Hampton
Court
Palace,
Haver
Castle,
Nonsuch
Palace
are few of
the
famous
Tudor
castles in
England.

Elizabethan The The smaller Elizabethan houses were less Important inventions created in this era are the Values during time of Queen Elizabeth I The Royal Exchange was officially
Elizabeth influenced by Renaissance motifs. They clock, telescope, printing press, modern were extremely important. People opened on 23 January 1571 by Queen
an Age is continued to evolve slowly from the Tudor style; warfare and gunpowder etc. Nicolaus were expected to live by these values and if Elizabeth I who awarded the building its
the time fireplaces and chimneys were more common, COPERNICUS was the first to find that the earth they didn't , it was considered royal title and a licence to sell alcohol and
period and staircases featured more prominently. Half- turns on it's own axis and with the other planets, extremely scandalous. There were many valuable goods. Only the exchange of
associate timbering was common, particularly in regions turns around the sun. values but some of the more popular ones goods took place until the 17th century.
d with the where stone was scarce or expensive. were gender roles, family, marriage, and
reign of morals or ethics. These values were the
Queen foundation of everyday living and continue
Elizabeth to be in certain places around the
I (1558– world.
1603)
and is
often
considere
d to be a
golden
age in
English
history. It
was an
age
considere
d to be
the height
of the
English
Renaissa
nce, and
saw the
full
 flowering
of English
literature
and
English
poetry.

The
developm
ent of fire
arms and
canon
made
castles a
far easier
target -
they
could be
easily
destroyed
. The
castle
was
therefore
replaced
with the
'Palace',
a large or
splendid
residence

Jacobean Jacobean Expansive on the inside, Jacobean houses often Emergence of Tobacco, In the domain of Masculinity is seen in characters such as The First Folio of Shakespeare's work
age, feature columns or pilasters, arches and customs, manners, and everyday life, the Banquo and Macduff. They are loyal, brave, is published.
(from archades to create a sense of grandeur, while Jacobean era saw a sweeping change with the honest and serve their county as best as
Latin on the outside their feature windows, parapets growing prevalence of tobacco use. James I they can. Loyalty was greatly sought after In 1623, seven years after Shakespeare's
Jacobus, and intricate stonework make the building itself published his A Counterblaste to Tobacco in during the Jacobean era just like it is today. death, the First Folio of Shakespeare's
“James”), feel like a work of art. 1604, but the book had no discernible effect; by works is published. Shakespeare is active
period of 1612, London had 7000 tobacconists and throughout James I's reign, publishing
visual smoking houses. The Virginia colony survived some of his best plays, including Macbeth
and because the English acquired the nicotine habit. and The Tempest.
literary
arts
during the
reign of
James I
of
England
(1603–
25). The
distinction
s
between
the early
Jacobean
and the
preceding
 Elizabeth
an styles
are subtle
ones,
often
merely a
question
of
degree,
for
although
the
dynasty
changed,
there was
no
distinct
stylistic
transition.
Caroline The The style arrived in the form of Palladianism, the Medicine saw a major step forward with the 1628 In 1629, King Charles granted his
Caroline most influential pioneer of the style was the publication by William Harvey of his study of attorney-general, Sir Robert Heath,
or Englishman Inigo Jones. Jones travelled the circulatory system, Exercitatio Anatomica de the Cape Fear region of what is now the
Carolean throughout Italy with the ‘Collector’ Earl of Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus ("An United States. It was incorporated as
era refers Arundel, annotating his copy of Palladio’s Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart the Province of Carolana, named in
to the era treatise, in 1613–1614. The “Palladianism” of and Blood in Living Beings"). Its reception was honour of the King. Heath – a king in all
in English Jones and his contemporaries and later followers highly critical and hostile; but within a generation but name – held these lands as sole
and was a style largely of facades, and the his work began to receive the valuation it proprietor, attempted and failed to
Scottish mathematical formulae dictating layout were not deserved. populate the province,[citation needed] but lost
history strictly applied. A handful of great country interest and eventually sold it to Lord
during the houses in England built between 1640 and 1680, Maltravers.[58] The first permanent settlers
Stuart such as Wilton House, are in this Palladian to Carolina arrived during the reign of
period style.  Charles II, who issued a new charter.
(1603–
1714)
that
coincided
with the
reign of
Charles I
(1625–
1642),
Commonwealth The
Common
wealth
was the
political
structure
during the
period
from
1649 to
1660
when
England
and
Wales,
 later
along
with
Ireland
and
Scotland,
[1] were
governed
as a
republic
after the
end of the
Second
English
Civil War
and the
trial and
execution
of
Charles I.
The
republic’s
existence
was
declared
through
“An Act
declaring
England
to be a
Common
wealth.
Neoclassical Neoclassi neoclassical architecture emerged in the mid- Bifocals- Benjamin Franklin always had trouble Neoclassicists were proponents of the belief This was a period of political and military
Period cism is 18th century, a marked contrast to over-the-top seeing objects from a distance and as he got that human action can result in objectivity unrest, British naval supremacy,
the 18th Baroque and Rococo styles. It is characterized older he had trouble reading. so he cut both and scientific purity.  economic growth, the rise of the middle
and 19th by simplicity, symmetry, and grandeur, with lenses in half and places his long distance class, colonial expansion, the rise of
century towering columns, triangular pediments, and lenses on top and the reading lenses on the literacy, the birth of the novel and
movemen domed roofs among its most recognizable bottom, thus creating the first bifocals. periodicals, the invention of marketing,
t that elements. It is a style that suits imposing public the rise of the Prime Minister, and social
develope buildings very well—consider the U.S. Capitol, Odometer- created to find more efficient postal reforms.
d in the Panthéon in Paris, or the Prado in Madrid. routes, it measured the distance of carriages
Europe But it doesn’t have to be monumental to be traveled.
as a beautiful, as these neoclassical homes from
reaction the AD archives prove.
to the
excesses
of
Baroque
and
Rococo.
The
movemen
t sought
to return
to the
classical
 beauty
and
magnifice
nce of the
Ancient
Greece
and the
Roman
Empire.

The later
period of
Neoclassi
cism,
centered
in France,
emphasiz
ed strong
line,
austere
classical
settings lit
with an
artificial
light, and
simplified
elements
to convey
moral
vigor.

Restoration The Restoration Style is about English decorative Inventions of the Restoration Period  There was a resurgence of moral values of
Restorati arts, which became popular after Charles II came Blood Transfusions men during this period. The motive behind 1660: Restoration of Charles II
on period back to the throne in 1660. The return from exile this period was facilitating religious freedom
Monarchy is restored in England. Long
is to be on the Continent led brought to the elimination of and advocating complete civil liberty. 
 Using blood and fecal matter live the King! It's officially the beginning of
seen as the Puritan severity in the country. A completely
the Restoration period.
one of new taste for magnificence and opulence and
 The invention of the Microscope acted as
transition. the introduction of Dutch and French artistic
the starting point in Hookes Research of 1660: Theaters are reopened
The influences created a whole new sensibility.
glorious Squerryes Court in Westerham was a beautiful cells Charles II reopens the theaters. And that
 Sun used as light source
Revolutio estate of red bricks. This mansion was built makes the Restoration playwrights really
n of 1688 for Sir Nicholas Crisp, who purchased happ
also Squerryes in A.D. 1680. It is a manor house that  Invention of the first ever steam engine
brought was conceived in the Restoration period.
about a
new
change in
social
and
political
life. The
Restorati
on
literature
develope
d realism
 and so
the whole
literature
was
develope
d in a
new style.
Augustan English society underwent a revolution in art and Print Technology The Augustans sure didn't keep their
architecture. This was the age of the grand During the Augustan age, print technology thoughts about religion to themselves. Back Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson
country house, when many of the magnificent  developed by leaps and bounds. Up until then, in the day, people who didn't subscribe to Crusoe
homes that we can visit today were built. books and printed materials were generally only the doctrines of the Church of England were
Defoe's descriptions in this novel (one of
accessible to the aristocracy and to highly called Nonconformists, and Daniel Defoe
the first in the English language) are so
educated and specialized groups like the clergy. was one of them. The Nonconformists liked
realistic that he fools a lot of people into
to show how hypocritical and unjust the
believing the protagonist is a real person.
But in the Augustan age, advances in print dominant religious values of the time were.
technology made it possible to print books
cheaply, and that meant that more and more The Augustan era in English poetry is noted
books and other materials were printed and for its fondness for wit, urbanity, and
available at much lower prices. At the same time, classical (mostly Roman) forms and values. 
more and more people were becoming literate.

Age of Sensibility The

period
between
1750 and
1798 is
known as
the Age
of
Sensibilit
y, but it is
also.
Sometim
es
described
as the
“Age of
Johnson”.
This age
is called
the Age
of
Sensibilit
y.
Because
reason,
sensible
views and
“original
genius”
controlled
the
literature
 of the
time.
Victorian Period Victorian Bicycles, cars, steam powered boats and trains Victorian values, are: prudishness, thrift, 24 November 1859 | On the Origin of
era, in common mental image of a "Victorian" home meant that people could travel further than ever individualism, responsibility, self-reliance, an Species published The foundation of
British looks much like a dollhouse with elaborate trim before. Other Victorian inventions include entrepreneurial spirit, the idea of the self- evolutionary theory, On the Origin of
history, and bright colors. But the term "Victorian the light bulb, typewriters, sewing machines, made man, the civilising mission, and Species, was published by Charles
the period architecture" actually refers to styles that radios and the toilet. The Victorian age saw evangelism. Darwin (12 February 1809 - 19 April
between emerged in the period between 1830 and 1910, advances in medicine, science and technology, 1882), a leading British biologist and
approxim during the reign of Queen Victoria. The Victorian as well as huge population growth. naturalist. On publication, the book sold
ately era spawned several well-known styles, including out immediately. The book became an
1820 and Gothic revival, Italianate, Second Empire, Queen international best-seller, but opinion on
1914, Anne, stick style, Romanesque style and shingle the arguments for evolution and natural
correspon style. selection remained fiercely divided
ding throughout Darwin's life.
roughly
The Victorian styles evolved largely from the
but not
imposing, elaborate Gothic style, which appealed
exactly to
to the romantic Victorian idea that fashion,
the period
architecture and furnishings should be beautiful
of Queen
rather than practical.
Victoria’s
reign
(1837–
1901)
and
characteri
zed by a
class-
based
society, a
growing
number
of people
able to
vote, a
growing
state and
economy,
and
Britain’s
status as
the most
powerful
empire in
the world.

Castles
during the
Victorian
period
are very
few in
number.
The fact
was that
many of
the big
 houses
built
during
that time
were
regarded
as
castles.

Modern Period Modern house designs feature striking materials Modern values include people’s right to live
such as glass, steel and concrete over the together in a society that accepts everyone
more common brick and wood. Natural lighting is for who they are, and where you’re free to
encouraged through large (often floor to ceiling) be who you are unless you are physically or
windows. The combination creates an almost mentally hurting someone else.
industrial look that has minimalist undertones.

Style and Elements of Writing Famous Author 1 Famous Author 2 Famous Author 3 Famous Author 4 Famous Author 5
Anglo-Saxon Period
Medieval Period

Geoffrey Chaucer (The

Many of the works of medieval Marco Polo, Travels. Dante Alighieri
literature are by unknown authors. The Canterbury Tales.) an Italian traveller who was born
Margery Kempe (The Book of Geoffrey of Monmouth, The
themes of the texts had moral, ethical in 1254. He dictated stories of his travels was an Italian poet, writer and
and didactic contents of Christianity that John Dryden said that Chaucer’s magnum throughout Europe and Asia to a cellmate Margery Kempe.) History of the Kings of Britain.
philosopher. His Divine Comedy,
were supervised by the church. opus contained and indeed, all human after he was imprisoned during a war For over half a millennium, this And like some other popular originally called Comedìa and later
(medieval) life seems to be here, among between Venice and Genoa, and book was lost; the manuscript was only ‘histories’ of the time, such as the fascinating christened Divina by Giovanni
the pilgrims travelling from Southwark in the Travels was born. It became, by rediscovered in 1934. It’s a fascinating Vinland sagas, the line between ‘history’ and Boccaccio, is widely considered one of
London to Canterbury to visit the shrine medieval standards, a bestseller, 150 account of a woman’s life in medieval ‘fiction’ was something drawn rather the most important poems of
of Thomas Becket at the Cathedral. years before the invention of the first England. It’s even been called the first vaguely. the Middle Ages and the greatest
modern printing press. autobiography written in the language – Geoffrey’s account of the legendary king literary work in the Italian language.
though its status as true autobiography contains the first appearance of many of the
has been questioned. iconic features of the Arthurian legend,
including the wizard Merlin.

Renaissance Period

The sonnet was a type of poem

developed during the Renaissance. Shakespeare, William John Milton 
Court poets were also a major factor
during the Renaissance. Kings and Edmund Spenser  Thomas More
English poet and playwright wrote the English poet, wrote what many consider
queens hired poets to tell their own famous 154 Sonnets and numerous highly Christopher Marlowe to be one of the greatest epic poems in was recognized throughout early
family history, or to entertain the court One of the greatest and most influential sixteenth-century Europe as one of
successful oft quoted dramatic works the English language.
with songs and poems.  English poet and playwright of drama poets of the Elizabethan Age dedicated his the great lawyers, Christian
including the tragedy of the Prince of longest and most famous work The Faerie humanists, and classical scholars of his
Denmark, While Shakespeare caused wrote Doctor Faustus. Critics and scholars
alike have praised his poetic dramas and Queene (1596) to Queen Elizabeth I. day.
much controversy, he also earned lavish
praise and has profoundly impacted the innovation of blank verse.
world over in areas of literature, culture,
art, theatre, and film and is considered
 one of the best English language writers
ever.
Tudor

Writing on Tudor literature Francis Bacon Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus

generally takes a broad view of what also known as Lord Verulam, was
was a Niccolò di Bernardo dei
constitutes the “literary,” exploring the an English philosopher and statesman William Tyndale
Dutch philosopher and Catholic theologi Machiavelli
rhetorical and fictive strategies of who served as Attorney General and
an who is considered one of the was an English scholar who became a
seemingly “non-fictional” texts, such as as Lord Chancellor of England. His works greatest scholars of the northern Sir Thomas More was an Italian diplomat, philosopher,
treatises and handbooks. are seen as developing the scientific leading figure in
Renaissance. the Protestant Reformation in the years and historian who lived during
method and remained influential through was an English lawyer, judge, [9] social
the scientific revolution.
leading up to his execution. He is well philosopher, author, statesman, and the Renaissance. He is best known for
known as a translator of the Bible into noted Renaissance humanist. his political treatise The Prince,
English, influenced by the works written about 1513. He has often been
of Erasmus of Rotterdam and Martin called the father of modern political
Luther. philosophy and political science.

Elizabethan

Poetry flushed in terms of sonnets, John Lyly

dramatic blank verse and the Spenserian English writer, dramatist, courtier, and William Shakespeare Richard Hooker
stanza. It was the golden age of drama parliamentarian, best known during his
that established itself with Marlowe and lifetime for his two books but perhaps Sir Philip Sidney
The Elizabethan - Era and William
reached greater heights with best remembered now for his plays. Lyly's Shakespeare Religion William was an English poet, courtier, scholar Roger Ascham was an English priest in the Church
and soldier who is remembered as one of England and an influential
Shakespeare. distinctive and much imitated literary Shakespeare was a catholic, and both
style, named after the title character of King James and Queen Elizabeth were of the most prominent figures of as an English scholar and didactic writer, theologian.[3] He was one of the most
the Elizabethan age.  famous for his prose style, his promotion of important English theologians of the
his two books, is known as euphuism. protestants. The works of William the vernacular, and his theories of sixteenth century.
Shakespeare epitomize arts of the education.
Elizabethan Epoch.

Jacobean

John webster
  Thomas middleton
The Jacobean era succeeds
was an English Jacobean dramatist best Philip Massinger George Chapman
the Elizabethan era and precedes John William fletcher
the Caroline era. The term "Jacobean" known for his tragedies The White as an English Jacobean playwright and As an English dramatist, translator and poet.
was an English dramatist. His finely
is often used for the distinctive styles Devil and The Duchess of Malfi, which are poet. He, with John Fletcher and Ben He was a classical scholar whose work shows
of Jacobean architecture, visual arts, often regarded as masterpieces of the plotted plays, including A New Way to As a Swiss-born
Pay Old Debts, The City Madam, and The Jonson, was among the most successful the influence of Stoicism.
decorative arts, and literature which early 17th-century English stage. English divine and Methodist leader.
Roman Actor, are noted for and prolific of playwrights at work in
characterized that period. Of French Huguenot stock, he was
their satire and realism, and their political the Jacobean period, and among the few
born in Nyon in Vaud, Switzerland.
to gain equal success
 and social themes. in comedy and tragedy. He was also a Fletcher emigrated to England in 1750
prolific writer of masques and pageants. and there he became an Anglican
vicar.

Caroline Thomas Carew Richard Lovelace John Suckling  George Herbert Katherine Philips

The Caroline era followed the Jacobean He was the son of Sir Matthew Carew, English poet, soldier, and Royalist whose as an English poet, prominent among was a Welsh-born poet, orator, and priest of was an Anglo-Welsh royalist poet,
era, the reign of Charles's father James I master in chancery, and his wife Alice, graceful lyrics and dashing career made those renowned for careless gaiety and the Church of England. His poetry is translator, and woman of letters. She
& VI (1603–1625), overlapped with daughter of Sir John Rivers, Lord Mayor wit – the accomplishments of a Cavalier associated with the writings of achieved renown as a translator
him the prototype of the perfect Cavalier.
the English Civil War (1642–1651), and poet. He also invented the card the metaphysical poets, and he is recognised of Pierre
of the City of London and widow of Lovelace was probably born in the
was followed by the English game cribbage.
Ingpen. The poet was probably the third Netherlands, where his father was in as. He was born into an artistic and wealthy Corneille's Pompée and Horace, and
Interregnum until The Restoration in of the eleven children of his parents, and military service family and largely raised in England. for her editions of poetry after her
1660. It should not be confused with was born in West Wickham in Kent, in the death.
the Carolean era which refers to the early part of 1595; he was thirteen years
reign of Charles I's son King Charles II. old in June 1608, when he matriculated
at Merton College, Oxford
Commonwealth

Neoclassical Period
Restoration
Augustan

Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30

May 1744) was a poet and satirist of
the Augustan period and one of its
greatest artistic exponents.[1]
Considered the foremost English poet Matthew Prior was the most important
of the early 18th century and a master poet writing in England between the Robert Blair was an 18th century Scottish
of the heroic couplet, he is best known death of John Dryden (1700) and the Edward Young (c. 3 July 1683 – 5 poet and man of the cloth who followed
for satirical and discursive poetry, poetic maturity of Alexander Pope April 1765) was an English poet, best his father, one of the King’s chaplains,
including The Rape of the Lock, The (about 1712). A significant influence remembered for Night-Thoughts, a into the ministry. He only published three
Dunciad, and An Essay on Criticism, on British and German poetry series of philosophical writings in poems in his relatively short life time but
and for his translation of Homer. After throughout the eighteenth century, blank verse, reflecting his state of one of these brought him a great deal of
Shakespeare, he is the second-most Prior had an effect on several different mind following several bereavements. fame. It is a long piece of blank verse,
Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea,
quoted author in The Oxford forms: long philosophical poems It was one of the most popular poems numbering some 767 lines, called The
Grave. Later editions of this poem were was an English poet and courtier.
Dictionary of Quotations either serious or half-mocking, of the century, influencing Goethe and
Horatian imitations, psychologically illustrated by the artist William Blake who Finch's works often express a desire
Edmund Burke, among many others,
realistic tales, and polished, metrical with its notable illustrations by William furnished a number of typically disturbing for respect as a female poet,
songs and lyrics. Blake. images to go with Blair’s words of great lamenting her difficult position as a
foreboding. woman in the literary establishment
Young also took holy orders, and and the court, while writing of
wrote many fawning letters in search "political ideology, religious
of preferment, attracting accusations orientation, and aesthetic sensibility
of insincerity.
Age of Sensibility

Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan was an

Irish satirist, a politician, a playwright,
poet, and long-term owner of the
London Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. He is Laurence Sterne was an Anglo-Irish Thomas Gray was an English poet,
Samuel Johnson, often called Dr known for his plays such as The Rivals, novelist and Anglican cleric. He wrote
th
Horatio Walpole, 4 Earl of Orford, better letter-writer, classical scholar, and
The School for Scandal, The Duenna the novels The Life and Opinions of known as Horace Walpole, was an professor at Pembroke College,
Johnson, was an English writer who
Tristram Shandy, Gentleman and A English writer, art historian, man of Cambridge. He is widely known for
made lasting contributions as a poet, and A Trip to Scarborough.
Sentimental Journey Through France letters, antiquarian and Whig politician. his Elegy Written in a Country
playwright, essayist, moralist, critic, He had Strawberry Hill House built in Churchyard, published in 1751.
biographer, editor and lexicographer. He and Italy, published sermons, wrote
Twickenham, south-west London, Gray was a self-critical writer who
was a devout Anglican, and a memoirs and indulged in local politics. published only 13 poems in his
reviving the Gothic style some decades
committed Tory.  He died in London after years of fighting before his Victorian successors lifetime, despite being very popular.
tuberculosis
Victorian Period
Modern Period