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Syed Hasan Dawar, BB-29010 Hum-121 Islamiat & Pak - Studies: Name & ID: Course Code: Course Title

The document provides an overview of Islam, including its key beliefs, practices, and history. It discusses how Islam means submission to God, the five pillars of faith (shahadat, salat, zakat, sawm, hajj), and the origins of Islam with the prophet Muhammad receiving revelations in 610 CE. It also summarizes the hijrah in 622 CE, major Islamic sources like the Quran and hadith, sharia law, Islam today, and concludes that the fundamental purpose of Islamic morality is love for God and others.

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Waris Waheed
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186 views

Syed Hasan Dawar, BB-29010 Hum-121 Islamiat & Pak - Studies: Name & ID: Course Code: Course Title

The document provides an overview of Islam, including its key beliefs, practices, and history. It discusses how Islam means submission to God, the five pillars of faith (shahadat, salat, zakat, sawm, hajj), and the origins of Islam with the prophet Muhammad receiving revelations in 610 CE. It also summarizes the hijrah in 622 CE, major Islamic sources like the Quran and hadith, sharia law, Islam today, and concludes that the fundamental purpose of Islamic morality is love for God and others.

Uploaded by

Waris Waheed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name & ID:

Syed Hasan Dawar,BB-29010

Course Code:
Hum-121

Course Title
Islamiat & Pak.Studies

Teacher Name:
Sir.Muzammil Shabir
ISLAM

Religion is something that is not easily defined. In order to even attempt to


define it, one has to look at multiple religions. Muslims believe in only one
god, those who practice Hinduism believe in multiple gods that are actually
different aspects of one god, Buddhists believe that others have the ability to
become perfect buddhists, Confucians believe humanity can be perfected
through education of the way they should relate to others and the world
around them, and Daoism focuses more on the way people relate to the
cosmos. However, all these religions are united by a common thread of how
people relate to the world and what this relationship should be like.

Islam is Obedience to God. The Arabic word ‘Islam’ means ‘submission,


surrender and obedience to God’. An individual, who is Muslim or embraces
Islam, must keep almighty God first and foremost in his way of life. The goal
of Islam is to induce men to give up his ungodly ways and enable him to lead
a totally God oriented life which would be a pathway to morally sound,
structured and organized lifestyles or cultures. Muslims believe in Allah as
God, the one and only God who only deserves to be worshipped. ‘Muslim’ is
actually the name that Allah have given to those who adhere to his religion
and he is aware of Allah’s infinite might. A true and sincere Muslim must be
open minded to the magnificence of God’s creation.

The word "Islam" is derived from the same root as the words salaam (peace)
and silm (the condition of peace). Islam means to abandon oneself in peace.
A Muslim, consequently, is one who in peace gives or surrenders himself or
herself to Allah. Islam means accepting the faith freely—heart, mind, and
soul.
Five pillars of Islam
Muslims follow five basic pillars that are essential to their faith. These include:

1)Shahadat:to declare one’s faith in God and belief in Muhammad

2)Salat:to pray five times a day (at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and
evening)

3)Zakat:to give to those in need

4)Sawm:to fast during Ramadan

5)Hajj:to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during a person’s lifetime


if the person is able
History Of Islam

During this holy month of Ramadan, it is important to remember how Islam,


with its 1.9 billion adherents, came to be the second largest religion in the
world, just after Christianity (2.3 billion).

Islam is the youngest of the world’s main religions and, according to Muslim
theology, the complete and final religion and way of life for all times and all
peoples. The Quran, Islam’s sacred book, gave Muslims a historical mission:
chiefly, to create an ethical and just society where every person, particularly
the weak and vulnerable, would be treated with respect and dignity. Islam
teaches that dignity and reverence are bestowed by God (Allah in Arabic)
upon every one of His creatures. Therefore, dignity is an inherent quality that
all human beings possess.

In order to establish a society based on such egalitarian principles in Mecca,


around the year 610 CE, when Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) began to receive
revelations, Arabs had to mend their ways and live according to God’s will.
This was no simple feat and it required, first of all, ascertaining what God’s
will entailed in practical terms.

The challenge was enormous because Meccan society at the time was
plagued by inequality and ethical conundrums of all kinds, most of them
derived from an extreme inclination towards material wealth at the expense
of ancient tribal values. The poor suffered tremendously since instead of
being looked after, as traditional Arab values dictated, they were often
trampled upon in the Quraysh’s aggressive and relentless pursuit of
affluence. There were constant tribal fights and inter-tribal murders to
avenge a tribe’s honor or seek revenge for a murder or crime committed by
the other tribe.

It was in such difficult climate that Muhammad ibn Abdallah, a 40-year-old


merchant and trader with an honorable reputation for an excellent character,
was about to change the destiny of the Arabs and that of the entire world.
Muhammad was deeply concerned about the state of his society, which he
understood was undergoing a crisis of values. In order to reflect and
meditate, he would seclude himself every year, during the month of
Ramadan, in a cave at the top of Mount Hira (also known as Jabal an-Noor)
on the outskirts of Mecca. During his periods of isolation, he would fast, pray,
and ask God for help in reforming his community.

Hijrah
In 622, Muhammad traveled from Mecca to Medina with his supporters.
This journey became known as the Hijra (also spelled Hegira or Hijrah),
and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
Some seven years later, Muhammad and his many followers returned to
Mecca and conquered the region. He continued to preach until his death
in 632.

Major Sources of Islam(Quran & Hadith)


The two major sources of the religion of Islam is the Quran and Hadith.
These two are where the majority of the teachings come from. When looking
for guidance, a Muslim often refers back to one of these two in order to
educate themselves on a topic.

The Quran is the central religious text of Islam. It represents the


fountainhead of Divine guidance for every Muslim. The Islamic sacred book
is the words of Allah and was dictated to Muhammad, the prophet of Islam,
by the angel Jabriel and was written down in Arabic. The chapters in this
book touch upon all aspects of human existence, including matters of
doctrine, social organization, and legislation. The Quran confirms the
revelations given to earlier Prophets, though these might not be accessible
to us, in the form they were originally revealed. The most sublime language
and a rational message that directly appeals to the human heart have caused
this Divine book to move nations and civilizations. It will continue to guide
those who turn to Allah with a sincere heart, for all times.

Hadith’s are a collection of traditions containing sayings/actions of the


Prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunnah),
constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Quran.
During the first few decades after the Prophet Muhammad’s death, those
who directly knew him (known as the Companions) shared and collected
quotations and stories related to the Prophet’s life. Within the first two
centuries after the Prophet’s death, scholars conducted a thorough review
of the stories, tracing the origins of each quotation along with the chain of
narrators through whom the quotation was passed. Those which were not
verifiable were deemed “weak” or even “fabricated,” while others were
deemed “authentic” (sahih) and collected into volumes. The most authentic
collections of hadith include Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, and Sunan Abu
Dawud.
Here is an example of the difference between guidance from the Quran, and
guidance from Hadiths:
In the Quran, there will be a verse from God that will state “All muslims must
pray five times a day.” However, from all of the collections of Hadiths we are
guided on how we are supposed to perform our prayers. The hadiths give us
an in-depth process for every step of the prayer from start to finish.Whereas
in the Quran we were only commanded to do the prayers.

Sharia Law
Islam’s legal system is known as Sharia Law. This faith-based code of
conduct directs Muslims on how they should live in nearly every aspect of
their lives.Sharia law requires men and women to dress modestly. It also
outlines marriage guidelines and other moral principles for Muslims.If
crimes are committed, Sharia law is known for its harsh punishments. For
example, the punishment for theft is amputating a person’s hand. Adultery
can carry the penalty of death by stoning
Islam Today
In recent years, Islam’s supposed association with terrorism and mass
murder has sparked a political debate in many countries. The
controversial term “radical Islam” has become a well-known label to
describe the religion’s connection to acts of violence.While some Muslims
use their faith to justify terrorism, the vast majority do not. In fact, Muslims
are frequently victims of violence themselves.Recent surveys have found
that in countries with high Muslim populations, the majority of Muslims
have overwhelmingly negative views of terrorist groups like ISIS.While
Muslims aim to clear up misconceptions about their faith, the religion
continues to spread rapidly. Today, Islam is the world’s fastest growing
religion. Experts predict Islam will surpass Christianity as the largest
religion by the end of the century.

Conclusion
Morality in Islam encompasses the concept of righteousness, good
character, and the body of moral qualities and virtues prescribed in Islamic
religious texts. The principle and fundamental purpose of Islamic morality is
love: love for God and love for God's creatures.

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