UNIT-IV

Dynamics

Kinematics Kinetics

Time, displacement, Force concept is

Velocity, Acceleration introduced along
without force and their with kinematics
relation

Types of motions:
1. Linear or Rectilinear or Translation motion :
If the motion of the particle is in a straight line, it is known as linear motion
2. Curvilinear motion: if the path of a motion of particle or body is curve ,it is curvilinear motion
Ex: a car taking a turn on road, projectile
3. Rotary Motion :when a body is rotating about a fixed axis, it is rotary motion
Ex: ceiling fan, electric motor etc,
Linear Motion:
Displacement: the change of position of a moving body with respect time in particular linear
direction is its displacement
Ex:s , ds , x , dx , y , dy .. etc .
Velocity: Rate of change of displacement of a body in straight lineis the velocity

displacement s ds dx dy
velocity= = = = =
time t dt dt dt
Acceleration: Rate of change of increase in velocity of the body is acceleration.
velocity v
acceleration= =
time t
Deceleration: Rate of change of decrease in velocity of the body is deceleration.
dv d ds d 2 s d 2 x d 2 y
=
dt dt dt( )
= 2; 2; 2
dt dt dt
dv d2 s d2 x d2 y
Here = v̇ 2 = s̈ ; 2 = ẍ ; 2 = ÿ
dt dt dt dt
Equation of motion in straight line with uniform acceleration:

A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 1

Let v 0 be the initial velocity,‘v’ be the final velocity and‘t’ be the time interval, then
v−v 0
Acceleration :a=
t
v=v 0 + at−−−(1)

s=averagevelocity × time= ( v 2+ v ) t=( v + at+

0 0
2
v
0
)t
1
s=v 0 t+ a t 2−−−(2)
2
v−v o
Alsofromequation ( 1 ) … … t=
a

v−v o 1 v−v o 2 v −v o v−v o v 2−v o2

Alsofromequation ( 2 ) … … s=v 0
a (
+ a
2 a) ( s=
2a ) ( ) ( )
( 2 v o + v−v o )= 2 a ( v o+ v ) = 2 a

v 2−v o2=2as−−−(3)
Equation of motion in straight line with variable acceleration:
dv ds ds
a= =v here ∴ v =
dt dt dt
Ex: Burglar’s car had a start with an acceleration of 2 m/sec 2. A police vigilant party came after 10 sec
and continued to chase the burglar’s car with uniform velocity of 40 m/sec .Find the time taken for the
van to overtake the car.
Sol: Let t – Time taken for the van to overtake the car
For burglar’s car:
vo = 0, a = 2 m/s2
Time travelled by bungler’s car = t + 10
1 2
∴ s=v 0 t + a t
2
1
s=0+ ×2 ׿
2
For police van:
s = uniform velocity × time = 40 × t ---(2)
Equating (1) and (2)
∴ t 2 +20 t+100=40 t
t 2−20 t+100=0
(t – 10)2 = 0
t = 10 seconds.
Ex:A car is moving with velocity of 15 m/sec .the car is brought to rest by applying brakes in 5 sec
.Determine
a) The retardation
A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 2
 b) Distances travelled by car after brakes are applied.
Sol: v=v 0 + at
0 = 15 + a(5)
a = - 3 m/s2 (retardation)
1 1
s=v 0 t+ a t 2=( 15 ×5 ) + (−3 ) ( 5 )2=70−37.5=37.5 m
2 2
Distance travelled in nth second:
a
s=v 0 + ( 2 n−1 )
2
Ex:A body is moving with uniform acceleration and covers 15m in 5th second 25m in 10th second.
Determine
a) Initial velocity of the body
b) Acceleration of the body
a a
Sol: 15=v 0 + ( (2 ×5 )−1 )=v 0 + .915 = v0 + 4.5 a ----(1)
2 2
a a
25=v 0 + ( ( 2×10 )−1 )=v 0 + .1925 = v0 + 9.5 a ----(2)
2 2
15 = v0 + 4.5 a ----(1)
10 = 5a
a = 2 m/s2 ; vo = 15 – 9 = 6 m/s.
Ex: Find the height of the tower from top of which an object falls freely and during the last second of its
motion ,the object travels a distance is equal to 2/3 of height of the tower .g =9.81 m/sec2
2
Sol: Distance in last one second, s= h−−−−(1)
3
Let t – time taken to travel the distance ‘h’
1
h=v 0 t+ g t 2 ; v o=0
2
1
∴ h= 9.8 t 2=4.9t 2−−−−(2)
2
Distance travelled in (t – 1) sec’s is
1
h' =v 0 ( t−1 )+ g ( t−1 )2 ; v o=0
2
1
∴ h' = 9.8 ( t−1 )2=4.9 ( t−1 )2−−−−(3)
2
2
Also h−h' = h
3
2
∴ 4.9 t 2 −4.9 ( t −1 )2= h
3

A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 3

 2
4.9 t 2−4.9t 2 +9.8 t+ 4.9= × 4.9 t 2
3
2
2 t−1= t 2∨t 2−3 t+1.5=0
3
t=2.366 sec
∴ h=4.9 t 2=4.9 ×2.3662=27.43m
Ex: A stone dropped into a well is heard to strike the water after 4 seconds. Find the depth of the well, if
the velocity of sound is 350 m/sec.
Sol: Downward direction:
Initial velocity ,vo = 0
Let t1 – time taken to reach the bottom
t2 – time taken by the sound to reach the top
vs = 350 m/sec
t1 + t2 = 4 sec h
1 2 9.81 2
h=v 0 t 1 + g t 1 =0+ t
2 2 1
h = 4.905 t12 ---(1)
Upward motion:
h = vs t2
t2 = 4 – t1
h = 350 (4 – t1)= 1400 – 350 t1--------- (2)
Equating (1) and (2)
4.905 t12 = 1400 – 350 t1
t12 + 71.35 t1 – 285.42 = 0
By solving the above equation we get t1 = 3.8 sec
From (1) h = 4.905 × 3.82 = 70.82 m.
∴ h=70.82 m.
Curvilinear Motion: when a moving particle describes a curved path, it is said to have curvilinear
motion
Displacement-Time Equationsare:
s=f ( t ) ; x=f 1 ( t ) ; y=f 2 ( t )
∆x
( v av ) x = ∆ t
∆ x dx
v x = lim = = ẋ
∆ t →∞ ∆ t dt
∆ y dy
v y = lim = = ẏ
∆t→∞ ∆t dt

A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 4

 ds
v= = ṡ
dt
2 2 2 2
∴ v= ( v x ) + ( v y ) =√ ( ẋ ) + ( ẏ )
√

y
dv d2 s
a= =
dt d t 2

∆ ẋ d ẋ
a x = lim = = ẍ
P P1 ∆ t →∞ ∆ t dt
∆ ẏ d ẏ
a y = lim = = ÿ
∆t→∞ ∆t dt
2 2 2 2
∴ a= ( ax ) + ( a y ) =√ ( ẍ ) + ( ÿ )
√

 Considering curvilinear motion of circular path:

y
x=r cos ωt ẋ=−rω sin ωt

y=r sin θ ẏ=r ω cos ωt x

x 2+ y 2=r 2 r y
ωt
2 2 x
v=√ ẋ2 + ẏ 2=ωr √( sin ωt ) + ( cos ωt )

v=ωr

ẍ=−r ω 2 cos ωt ÿ=−r ω2 sin ωt

2 2 2 2 2
a=√ ẍ + ÿ =ω r √( sin ωt ) + ( cos ωt )

a=ω 2 r =vr since∴ v=ωr

 Normal and Tangential Accelerations:

Let v is linear velocity at P

v1 –linear velocity at P1

ρ-radius f curvature of path at P

dθ a x =¿ Acceleration in x-direction

a y =¿Acceleration in x-direction

dθ
A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 5
O

C
Consider another set of rectangular components normal acceleration (a¿ ¿ n) ¿and tangential acceleration
(a t) at P

Let total change from vto v1 .∆ v n and ∆ v t be the velocity components parallel to normal and

∆ vt ∆ vn
(a¿ ¿ t)avg= (a¿¿ n)avg= ¿¿
∆t ∆t

∆s
Let ∆ θ= ; also from vector diagram,
ρ

∆ v n ≅ v ∆ θand∆ v t ≅ v1 −v=∆ v

∆v ∆v 2
ds ∆ s
∴(a¿ ¿t )= ¿and(a¿ ¿ n)= n ≅ v ∆θ = v ∆ s = v ¿ but v= =
∆t ∆t ∆t ρ ∆t ρ dt ∆ t

∴ at =
∆v v2
; a n=
∆t ρ
∆v
Note-01:Tangential acceleration depends only on rate of change of speed while normal reaction,
∆t
while normal acceleration always directed towards centre of curvature of path, depends upon nature of

v2
speed and curvature radius of path ( )
ρ
. If the path is straight line curvature radius of path becomes zero

( 1ρ =0).hence Normal acceleration (a )vanishes simply tangential acceleration exits (a¿ ¿ t)= ∆∆ vt ¿.
n

∆v
Note-02: if the speed of particle along curved path is constant, tangential acceleration vanishes and
∆t

v2
we have only normal acceleration ( ) ρ
always directed towards centre of curvature.

 Differential equation of curvilinear path:

In case of curvilinear motion, the acting force may vary in direction and magnitude and can be resolved
both force and acceleration parallel to x and y axes
W W
Force X = ẍ Y = ÿ
g g
If the acceleration and force are resolved normally and tangentially

A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 6

 W W ∆v
Tangential force F t= at =
g g ∆t
W W v2
Similarly Normal force F n= a n= also known as centrifugal force
g g ρ
Ex:A particle of weight ‘W’ attached to a string of length ‘l’ whirls in a horizontal circular path with
uniform speed ‘υ’ .Find the tensile force T in the string .
Sol: Since the speed is constant at is zero
There will be only normal acceleration an.
v2
a n= ∈this case ρ=l
ρ
v2
∴ an=
l
W . v2
∴ Normal force T =N =
gρ
W . v2
∴N=
gl
Ex: If the above simple pendulum of length ‘l’ has a bob of weight ‘W’ and hangs in vertical plane, find
the time period T for small amplitude of swing in the plane in fig.
Sol: Consider a bob in position ‘B’ by a distance‘s’ from ‘Bo’.
The forces acting on bob are θ
i. Weight ‘W’
ii. Tension in the string T
Projecting these forces on to the tangent B
θ
W dv B0
s= . =−W sin θ−−−(1)
g dt
Mass × acceleration = force
ds s s
v= ∧for small values of θ , θ= ∧sin θ ≅θ=
dt l l
Substituting in eq(1)
W d2 s s
. =−W
g d t2 l
d 2 s gs
+ =0
dt2 l
This is in the form of differential equation of simple harmonic motion (S. H. M)
d2 s d2 s 2
+k . s=0∨ 2 + p s=0
dt2 dt
g 2 g
where k = , p =
l l

A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 7

 l
Time period ( T )=2 π
√ g

Kinetics

Kinetics: The relation between kind of motion of a particle and the forces producing it is kinetics
Newton’s Laws of motion:
 First Newton’s Laws
Everybody continuous in the state of rest or of uniform motion in straight line unless otherwise it
may be compelled by a force to change the state. This is also called “Inertia law”.
 Second Newton’s Laws:
The acceleration of a given particle is proportional to the force applied to it and takes place in the
direction of straight line in which force acts. This is also known as “momentum law”. This law
gives the mathematical expression of a force
Momentum: It is quantity of motion possessed by a body
Momentum =Mass x velocity
Units of momentum: kg-m/sec
Initial Momentum = m v 0
Final Momentum =mv
Change in momentum = mv−m v 0
(v−v 0 )
Rate of change of momentum =m =max
t
According to the Newton second law rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied
force:
F ∝ ma
F=Kma Where K is constant of proportionality of a=1 m/sec 2 and m=1 kgandk =1
m
F=ma=1 kg =1 Newton
sec 2
By varying ‘α’, the angle of inclined plane, a relation can be obtained between acceleration along
inclined plane and acceleration due to gravity.
W1 a
a
sin α =
g

∴ a=g sin α
αg
W
1
w a α Page 8
A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET
α W
 π
when α= , a=g
2

Also W1 = W sin α

Ex: A small block of weight W rest on inclined plane as shown in fig .Friction is such that sliding of
the block impends when α=300 what the acceleration of the block will have when α=45 0 .Neglect
difference of static and kinematic friction
Sol: a
F
Wsinθ F
Wcosθ Wsinθ
300 W Wcosθ
450 W
R = Wcos θ and F = μ R= μ Wcosθ R = Wcos 450 and F = μ R=0.577 Wcos450
F = W sin θ Net force= W sin 450-0.577 Wcos450
W
μ R= W sin θ Net force= a
g
W
μWcosθ = W sin θ W sin 450 -0.577 Wcos450 = a
g
sinθ 1
μ= =tan θ=tan 300 sin 450 -0.577 cos450 = a
cos θ g
μ = 0.577 a=0.3 g

 Third Law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction or Mutual actions of any two
bodies are always equal and opposite directions.
From Galileo’s experiments, the gravity force W produces and acceleration of particle equal to ‘g’
W =mg
F ma a
= =
W mg g
Absolute and gravitational units:
“Newton” is absolute unit of a force and “Kg” is gravitational unit
∴ 1kg=gnewtons=9.81 newtons
Differential equation of rectilinear motion: Taking motion of a particle in x-direction, and using the
acceleration as x¨ , the resultant acting force in x-direction
W
X = ẍ−−−Differential Equation
g
D’Alebert’s principle:
The differential equation of rectilinear motion of a particle is X = m ẍ
It can be written in the form X - m ẍ = 0 --- (1)
Where X – Resultant force in x – direction of all applied forces
M – Mass of the particle
Equation (1) is of the same form as an equation of static equilibrium and may be stated as equation of
dynamic equilibrium.
In Equation (1) (- mẍ) is the inertia force equal to the product of mass of the particle and its acceleration
and directed oppositely to the acceleration of the system.
If W – total weight of the body
For a rectilinear motion of a rigid body, the equation of dynamic equilibrium is,

A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 9

∑ X i+ ( −W
g
. ẍ )=0−−−( 2 )
D’Alembert principle is that the equation of motion could be written as equilibrium equations simply by
introducing inertia forces in addition to the real forces acting on a system.
Ex: Assume m1> m2
Motion of m1 is downwards and motion of m2 is upwards
Corresponding inertia force act in opposite direction m1ẍ upward and m2ẍ downward.
Adding these inertia forces to the real forces we obtain a system of forces in equilibrium.
Considering the system as a whole,
w 2+ m2 ẍ−S=w1−m1 ẍ−S
w +w
( )
ẍ 1 2 =w1−w2
g
( 1−w 2) g
w
ẍ=
( w1 +w 2)
Ex:Two equal weights W each and a single weight Q are attached to the ends of a flexible but
inextensible cord overhanging of pulley as shown in fig. If the system moves with constant acceleration
‘a’ as indicated by the arrows, find the magnitude of weight ‘Q’. Neglect the air resistance and inertia of
the pulley.

Sol: Considering equilibrium of left weight W,

Wa S
S−W = −−−(1)
g
Considering equilibrium of right weight,
W +Q
( W +Q ) −S= . a−−−(2) a W
g
Wa a W
From (1) S=W +
g S Q
W a
Substituting in (2)
W a W a Qa W
W +Q−W − = + a
g g g W+Q
a 2W a
( )
Q 1− =
g g
g−a 2W a W+Q
∴Q( ) g
=
g
2W a
∴ Q=
( g−a)
Ex:Two weights P and Q are connected by the arrangements shown in Fig. Neglecting friction and
inertia of pulleys and cord, find the acceleration ‘a’ of the weight Q.Assume P=20kg and Q=15kg

Sol: Consider FBD of ‘P’

S S
Consider FBD of pulley A,
P a
2 S−P= ()
g 2
Pa a
2 S−P= −−−(1)
2g
P a2 Q
Pa
2 S=P+
2g S
Fig.

A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET

a Page 10
P
 P a
S=
2[1+
2g ]
Considering FBD of ‘Q’
Qa
Q−S= −−− ( 2 )
g
Substituting ‘S’
P a Qa
Q−
2(1+
2g
= )
g
P Pa Qa
Q− − =
2 4g g
a P P
(
g 4
+Q =Q−
2)
P 20
∴ a=
( g Q−
2 ) =
9.81 ( 15− )
2
=
9.81(5) 9.81
= =2.45m/ se c 2

P 20 20 4
( 4 +Q ) ( 4 +15)
Ex:Neglecting friction and inertia of the two step pulley as shown in fig, find the acceleration ‘a’ of the
following weight ‘P’. Assume P=4kg,Q=6kg and r 2=2r 1
Sol: In step pulley by the time ‘P’ makes one revolution
through perimeter 2πr2, ‘Q’ will also make a revolution of a
2πr1. a2
a 1 2 π r1 r1 1 Q
∴ = = =
a 2 π r2 2 r1 2 P
1 S1
∴ a1= a → accelration of Q
2
Considering the resultant force of Q
Qa
S1−Q= −−−(1) a2
g2
Considering the resultant force of P
Pa
P−S 2= −−−(2) Q
g O
From eqn (1)
Qa S2
S1=Q+
2g
Also from FBD of pulley system
Taking moments about ‘O’, a
S 1 × r1 = S 2 × r2
S1 S2
S 1 × r1 = S 2 × 2 r1
S1 = 2 S2 --- (3) FBD of pulley
P system
Substituting in (1)
Qa
2 S 2−Q=
2g
Substituting S2 from (2)

A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 11

 2Pa Qa
2 P− −Q=
g 2g
2Pa Qa
+ =2 P−Q
g 2g
a Q
g [2 P+ =2 P−Q
2 ]
g(2 P−Q) g (8−6) 2 2
∴ a= = = g= × 9.81=1.784 m/ s2
Q 8+3 11 11
2 P+
2
Analysis of lifting Motion:
Let W-Weight carried by the lift
m-Mass carried by the lift
W
∴ m= cable
g
a−uniformacceleration of lift
S-Tension win cable of lift s
The lift may be travel upwards or downwards
Elevator
Case (i) : when the lift moves upwards
Since lift is moving upwards acceleration is upwards and hence
s
s> w
Resultant force = s - w
a
As per the Newton’s second law,
Lift w
Net force = ma= a
g
w w g+ a

w
s−w= a
g
s=w+ a=w
g ( )
g

Case (ii) :when the lift moves downwards

s Since lift is moving downwards acceleration is downwards and hence

a w >s
Lift
Resultant force = w−s

w As per the Newton’s second law,

w
Net force = ma= a
g

w w g−a
w−s=
g
a s=w−
g
a=w( )
g

Ex: A lift has as upward acceleration of 1.225 m/sec2

i. What pressure will a man weighting 500N exert on the floor of the lift
ii. What pressure would he exert if the lift had an acceleration of 1.225 m/sec2 downwards
iii. What upward acceleration would cause his weight to exert a pressure of 600N on the floor?
Assume g=9.81 m/ sec 2. s
Sol: 1.When lift is in upward motion:
S>W a
A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Lift Page 12

w
 W
∴ S−W = a
g
W 500
S= ( g +a ) = ( 9.8+1.225 )=562.5 N
g 9.8
s
2. When lift is in downward motion:
W>S a
W Lift
∴ W −S= a
g
W 500
S= ( g−a )= ( 9.8−1.225 )=437.5 N
g 9.8 w
3. When S = 600N and W = 500N lift is in upward motion
W
S−W = a
g
500
600−500= a
9.8
100 × 9.8
a= =1.96 m/s 2.
500
Ex: Referring to the fig, find the acceleration of a falling weight P, if the coefficient of friction between
the block Q and the horizontal plane on which it slides is μ .Neglect the inertia of the pulley and friction.
Assume P=10kg, Q=12kg and μ=1/3.
Sol: From Free body Diagram of Block Q:
Q
12N

S P
a
μR

W
S−μR= a R
g
12 12
S− = a−−−(1)
3 9.81
From Free body Diagram of Block P:
W S
P−S= a
g
10
S=10− a−−−(2)
g
Substituting in Eq-(1)
10 12 a
10− a−4= a
g g
22 3
6= a ∴ a= g P=10
g 11
Ex: Find the tension S in the string during the motion of the system shown in fig .If W 1 =200kg and
W2=100kg.the system is in the vertical plane and coefficient of friction between the inclined plane and
block W1 is μ =0.2. Assume the pulley is without mass and friction.

A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 13

 a

450
Sol: W2

R=200 cos 450 =141.4 kg

F=µR
F=0.2 ×141.4=28.28 kg
Resolving along the plane
200
200 sin 450 −F−S= (2 a)
g
200
141.4−28.28−S= (2a)
9.81
113.12−S=40.77 a
2a
S=113.12−40.77 a−−−(1) S S
S
From FBD of W2:
100 a
2 S−100= a W F=μR
g 1
Substituting ‘S’ value
100 450200cos450
2(113.12−40.77 a)−100= a
9.81
226.24−81.54 a−100=10.19 a 200 100kg
200sin450
91.73 a=126.24 FBD of block W2
FBD of block W1
126.24 m
a= =1.376
91.73 sec 2
S=113.12−40.77 ×1.376
S=113.12−56.1=57.02 kg
B
Rotation about fixed axis:
Angular Motion:
A
Let θ be the angular displacement in radians
θ
dθ
Angular velocity ω= ----------------------------- (1)
dt
O
dω d 2 θ
Angular acceleration α = = 2 ;
dt d t
dω dθ dω
α= =ω −−−(2)
dθ dt dθ
s=rθ ; ds=rdθ
θ2−θ1 ds dθ dv d2θ
ω= v= = =rω Tangential acceleration α t= =r 2 =r θ̈
t 2−t 1 dt dt dt dt
2
v 2 ( rω) r 2 ω2
Normal acceleration α n== = =r ω2=r θ̇2
r r r
2
dv d θ 2 πN
α t=at = =r 2 =r θ̈ Here θ = ωtω= radians
dt dt 60
 Equation of motion for a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis:

Consider the body as a system of rigidly connected particles and

M
apply inertia force to each particle.

Axis of
rotation
A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 14
 Inertia force together with external forces contributes forces
system in dynamic Equilibrium. Internal forces (actions and
reaction forces) balance each other.

To calculate moment of inertia forces about the axis of rotation,

tangential components to be considered and moment of radial
components becomes zero.

Tangential component of inertia force =a t dm=r θ̈ dm

Here a t - Tangential acceleration

θ̈-Angular acceleration

Sum of all the moments of inertia forces =Resultant moment of all external forces

Let M be the resultant moment of all the external forces

∴−∫ r 2 θ̈dm + M =0 -------------------------------- (1)

We know that, mass moment of inertia about the axis of rotation I =∫ r 2dm, then Eq (1) becomes.

Iθ̈=M
W
This the equation of motion of a rigid body about a fixed axis, this similar to equation X = ẍ
g
Ex-01:
The rotation of a fly wheel is governed by the equation ω = 3t2 – 2t + 2where ω is radian per second
and ‘t’ is in seconds after one second from start the angular displacement was 4 radians .Determine the
angular displacement ,angular velocity and angular acceleration of the flywheel when t = 3 sec.

Sol: ω= 3t2 – 2t + 2
dθ
ω= =3 t 2−2 t+2
dt
Integrating
θ = t3 – t2 +2t + C
When t = 1, θ = 4
4=1-1+2+C
C=2
Equation becomes, θ = t3 – t2 +2t + 2
When t = 3 sec
θ = 27 – 9 + 6 + 2 = 26 radians
dθ
ω= =3 t 2−2 t+2=27−6 +2=23 rad / sec
dt

A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 15

 d2θ 2
angular acceleration= 2
=θ̈=6 t−2=18−2=16 rad /se c
dt
Ex:A flywheel of M.I, I=700 kg-sec2-cm with respect to its axis of rotation and making 100 rpm ,if left
alone comes to rest with constant angular deceleration in 52 seconds, owing to friction in bearings
.Determine the friction couple that produces this angular deceleration.
Sol: Given I = 700 kg-sec2.cm, t = 52 sec
θ˙0−θ̇ 100.2 π 10 π
θ̈= ; θ̇= = rad / sec
t 60 3
θ̇0−θ̇ 10 π
∴ θ̈= = =0.201rad / se c 2
t 3 ×52
M =I θ̈=700 ×0.201=140.7 kg−cm
Ex: Determine Equivalent mass moment of inertia shown inIӫ
figure below.
Sol: Tangential acceleration = rӫ ӫ
w
∴ inertiaforce= ( r θ̈ ) r
g
Inertia couple = I ӫ
Taking moments about ‘O’,
w w Wrӫ
Wr− . r 2 θ̈=I . θ̈+ ( r θ̈ )
g g g W
W
[ ]
θ̈ I + . r 2 =W . r
g
W
where I 0=I + r 2 is equivilent mass moment of inertia
g

A. RADHA KRISHNA, HOD, Dept. of Mech.,MIET Page 16