CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter of the research study entitled, “Key Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia)

Hand Sanitizer: Aid for Proper Hygiene”, contains several parts which include the

background of the study, objectives of the study, significance of the study, time and place

of the study, definition of terms, and review of related literature.

Background of the Study

One of the dirtiest parts of a person’s body is his hands. Every day, people do so

many tasks related to their chores at home and their functions in their workplace and in

school. Because of these, hands catch various forms of germs and bacteria that could

bring or trigger different diseases in their bodies.

World Health Organization (2017) defines hygiene as the instance and established

way of conduct which aids to uphold and preserve health and further prevent the spread

of diseases. Hand hygiene, on the other hand, is the active process of practically

performing hand washing, antiseptic hand-wash, and alcohol-based hand rub. It is also

described to be the efficient yet short-rubbing of all surfaces of the hands with lathered

soap which is then followed with rinsing and cleansing under flowing streaming water.

Hand washing complies with manually getting rid of visible short-term contaminants

from hands by using soap and water.

Furthermore, Amoo (2017) emphasized that one of the basic and most effective

ways of preventing the spread of infection is by proper hand hygiene which involves an

active process of practically performing hand washing, antiseptic hand-wash, and

1
alcohol-based hand rub. Hence, students need to be encouraged and re-educated about the

importance of maintaining a high hand hygiene status so as to prevent any spread of

infection and thereby not being a mode of spread in the community.

In the school setting, as mentioned in the study of Wang (2014), one way to

decrease risk of illness is for learners to engage in good hand hygiene practices prior to

eating. The challenge to hand hygiene is that schools have such busy curricula with

insufficient time for the learners to wash their hands prior to eating. Environmental

obstacles also impede compliance. There are often too few hand sinks available. Even if

one sink is available in a classroom, it could take approximately 30 minutes for 30

students to properly wash their hands. Furthermore, some are too high for easy access and

many are located outside the classroom where supervision is limited. Soap and paper

towels are frequently in short supply and hot water is often not available in many school

bathrooms.

Hand washing with soap and water is always preferably more efficient in

removing and reducing the number of microbes on the hands. It is more effective to

perform both hand hygiene and use antiseptic alcohol-based hand rubs. The use of

alcohol hand sanitizers, however, is mostly implemented when there is no soap and

water.

Rogers (2018) said that hand sanitizer, also called as hand antiseptic or hand rub

is an agent applied to the hands for the purpose of removing common pathogens or

disease-causing organisms. It typically comes in foam, gel, or liquid form. Their use is

recommended when soap and water are not available for hand washing or when repeated

hand washing compromises the natural skin barrier causing scaling or fissures to develop

2
on the skin. Although the effectiveness of hand sanitizer is variable, it is employed as a

simple means of infection control in a wide variety of settings, from day-care centers and

schools to hospitals and health care clinics and from supermarkets to cruise ships.

Having sanitizers are becoming a staple need nowadays in society. However,

keeping up with good hygiene can be a tough job to do since it requires effort, time, and

most especially resources in which, some commercial products in maintaining good

hygiene available in the community are not budget-friendly. The unavoidable

expensiveness of hygiene kit that one actually buys and also of not having enough wash

time because of possessing lots of tasks are actually some of the reasons why people do

not invest time and effort on good hygiene especially so that practicality in their day to

day lives are of their topmost priority. Hence, finding an alternative source for making

hand sanitizers is very crucial to everyone.

“Citrus fruits such as the Philippine lime (calamansi/calamondin), lemon, orange

(dalandan), tangerine (dalanghita), pomelo, and other variants of citrus, as alternative

sources, can be accessed by many for its immediate availability in the locale. It is a

common term and genus of flowering plants in the rue family, Rutaceae. These plants are

large shrubs or small trees, reaching 5 to 15 m tall, with spiny shoots and alternately

arranged evergreen leaves with an entire margin. They are also notable for their

fragrance. Their juices contain a high quality of citric acid giving them their characteristic

sharp flavor. The citrus fruits’ pure extract is an all-natural body odor eliminator and

antiperspirant. Also, citrus extracts can improve the beauty and quality of skin and hair”

(Coursehero, n.d.).

3
 Moreover, citrus hand sanitizers are convenient, portable, easy to use, and not

time consuming. These are free from chemicals and preservatives so that hands will not

become dry. It is environment-friendly in terms of organic ingredients that will easily be

seen from the market and in the surroundings. It will effectively clean hands especially

on removing grease and killing bacteria or microorganisms rather than using soap and

water. Effectiveness from hand sanitizers is best when a large volume of product is

applied on the hands.

Aside from these facts highlighting the benefits of citrus fruits in the form of a

juice, several studies have also been conducted to prove its worth and potential as a hand

sanitizer.

Hence, the researchers are eyeing on the potential of citrus fruit, particularly the

“key lime” or “dayap” (Citrus aurantiifolia) as its locale term in the Ilocos Region, as a

home-made hand sanitizer. “The key lime is a citrus hybrid with a spherical fruit, 2.5cm

to 5 cm in diameter. It is usually picked while it is still green but it becomes yellow when

ripe. It is smaller and seedier, with a higher acidity and a stronger aroma. It is valued for

its unique flavor compared with other limes. It is also known as West Indian

lime, bartender's lime, Omani lime, or Mexican lime” (Meyer L., n.d.).

Based on the aforementioned presentation on the importance of proper hygiene

through the use of hand sanitizers supported by relevant studies, the researchers were

prompted to conduct a study to determine the effectiveness of key lime hand sanitizer as

an aid for proper hygiene.

4
Objectives of the Study

This study aimed:

1. To determine the effectiveness of the hand sanitizer made from key limes (Citrus

aurantiifolia) as an aid for proper hygiene;

2. To determine whether the key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer is more

effective in removing bacteria than the commercially-produced hand sanitizer.

Significance of the Study

The results of this study will be beneficial to the following:

To the School. This study will help the school promote proper hygiene

among the learners through the use of key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand

sanitizer as an aid for proper hygiene.

To the School Administrators. This study will help the school

administrators empower the teachers in educating the learners about the

importance of proper hygiene and introduce the key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia)

hand sanitizer as an aid for proper hygiene.

To the Teachers. This study will help the teachers educate their learners

about the importance of proper hygiene through the use of key lime (Citrus

aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer.

To the Parents. This study will help the parents to further monitor their

children’s proper hygiene and support the products produced by their children

especially the key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer.

5
 To the Learners. This study will help the learners know the importance

of proper hygiene through the use of key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer

which will encourage the learners to further produce more alternative products

that will serve as aid for their proper hygiene.

To the Researchers. This study will help the researchers enhance their

resourcefulness, creativity and practicality in developing new products.

To the Future Researchers. This study will help the future researchers in

conducting related studies.

Time and Place of the Study

The study was conducted at Sta. Lucia Academy, Inc. from June 2019 to February

2020.

Definition of Terms

The following terms used in this study were defined operationally:

Key Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) Hand Sanitizer. This refers to the output or main

product of the study with the key lime or “dayap” as the main ingredient as an aid for

proper hygiene.

Aid for Proper Hygiene. This refers to the ability of key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand

sanitizer in maintaining the body's cleanliness to prevent the spread of diseases.

Effectiveness. This refers to the degree of usefulness of the desired output of the key

lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer.

6
Sta. Lucia Academy, Inc. This refers to the educational institution where the study was

conducted.

School Year 2019 – 2020. This refers to the inclusive academic year when the study was

conducted.

Review of the Related Literature

“Citrus aurantiifolia or key lime is mainly used in daily consumption, in

many cultural cuisines, and in juice production. It is widely used because of its

antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammation,

anti-lipedema, and antioxidant properties. Moreover, it can protect the heart, liver, bone,

and prevent urinary diseases. Its secondary metabolites are alkaloids, carotenoids,

coumarins, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids. The other

important constituents are apigenin, hesperidin, kaempferol, limonoids, quercetin,

naringenin, nobiletin, and rutin - all of these contribute to its remedial properties”

(Narang and Jiraungkoorskul, 2016).

Alexander (2019) elaborated that citrus fruits trees, like key limes, have come to

gain a worldwide recognition for their suiting refreshing juice, nutritious value and

numerous health benefits and maintenance. Their applied health therapeutic uses have

been exploited in the treatment of several health challenges as antitumor, anti-

inflammatory anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial activities, against cardiovascular

diseases and macular degeneration. Key lime juice, say for instance, has been shown to

effectively serve as hypolipidemic, possesses the ability to interact with orthodox

medicines.

7
 According to Sales (2019), the calamansi citrus fruit is more effective at killing

microorganisms than soaps. In addition, the lemon lime hand sanitizer which the

Papermates, Inc. in Noteworthy, America (2011) promotes has proven also the efficacy

of citrus fruits in decreasing bacteria on the skin that could cause disease. Nezza Naturals,

a well-known company of handmade citrus products, encourages its consumers to use

their natural hand sanitizer which is made up of lemon lime and tea tree essential oils.

Moreover, the Essential Oils (EO) products originally formulated in America, is making

its way to the Philippines, highly utilize citrus fruits as the main ingredient of their

products such as hand sanitizers, perfumes, and lotions. One of which is their organic

sanitizer made with lemon and orange, all belong to the citrus family.

Wang (2014) believed that student absenteeism is a pervasive problem in the

United States, causing a number of educational, economic, and institutional problems.

Hand-hygiene interventions have been reported to be a method for reducing illness-

associated student absenteeism. As an increasing number of schools offer self-service,

including salad bars and bowls of whole fresh fruit, opportunities for the transmission of

foodborne pathogens via hands could possibly increase illness-associated student

absenteeism. The research then concluded that hand-hygiene interventions were

associated with reducing illness-related absenteeism reduction in elementary schools.

According to Shulman (2006), one should consider the alcohol content such as

those which are acceptable forms and not the hazardous one. On the other hand, an

alcohol content of less than 60 percent is not enough to be effective. All dirt, blood and

soil must be wiped or washed away first if the alcohol in the sanitizer is to be effective. In

such cases, hand-washing with soap and water is advised. Hand sanitizers are not

8
cleaning agents and are not meant as a replacement for soap and water, but as a

complementary habit. Sanitizers are most effective when used in conjunction with

diligent hand-washing. The benefits of hand sanitizers are convenient, portable, easy to

use and not time- consuming. Several studies have concluded that the risk of spreading

stomach and respiratory infection is decreased among families who use hand sanitizers.

Commercially prepared hand sanitizers contain ingredients that help prevent skin

dryness. Using these products can result in less skin dryness and irritation than hand

washing. The use of hand sanitizers is a habit that one can help keep in all exposed to

fewer germs, and therefore may decrease the chance of illness. Whether one is on the

playground, using someone else's computer or visiting a friend in the hospital, take the

time to rub some on your hands. It is an easy step toward a healthy living.

9
 CHAPTER II
MATERIALS AND METHODS

This chapter presents the materials and methods used in the conduct of the study.

Materials

This part presents the materials used in the conduct of the experiment.

The products used which were classified into substances and wares. The

substances include two (2) key limes (Citrus aurantiifolia), one (1) cup of aloe vera gel,

two (2) tablespoons of glycerin, three (3) droplets of sweet orange essential oil, and one-

half (½) cup of water. The wares include tablespoon, measuring cups, cutter or knife,

basin, blender, grater, and a plastic container.

Methods

This part presents the research design and treatments, experimental procedure,

data gathering instrument, and statistical analysis used in the study.

Research Design and Treatments

This quantitative research study mainly used experimental research design

which aimed to determine the effectiveness of the key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia)

hand sanitizer. The data were gathered through a laboratory experiment using a

hardened nutrient agar, a general purpose nutrient medium used for the cultivation

of microbes supporting growth of a wide range of non-fastidious organisms which

can grow a variety of types of bacteria and fungi.

10
 The researchers administered their experiment in gathering data with three

(3) set-ups: one (1) control set-up and two (2) experimental set-ups, and each set-

up has three (3) trials. There are nine (9) petri dishes used in the experiment; each

set-up used three (3) petri dishes for each trial. The petri dishes were filled with

boiled mixture of water and nutrient agar which was cooled until it solidified.

The first set-up was the control set-up (without hand sanitizer) where the

soilidified agar was swabbed with wet cotton buds that were rubbed on

unsanitized hands. The second set-up was the experimental set-up 1 (commercial

hand sanitizer) where the solidified agar was swabbed with wet cotton buds that

were rubbed on sanitized hands that used a commercial hand sanitizer. The third

set-up was the experimental set-up 2 (key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand

sanitizer) where the hardened agar was swabbed with wet cotton buds that were

rubbed on sanitized hands that used key lime hand sanitizer. The process in each

of the set-ups were done three (3) times for each of the three (3) trials but with

different hands. The trials in each set-up were all stocked for four (4) days to let

the bacteria grow for further observation and study.

Experimental Procedure
The following steps were used in the conduct of the experiment:

First, prepare all the needed ingredients and materials in making the key

lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer. Then, cut the aloe veras into half and

scrape the gel until you earn one (1) cup of it. Put it on a clean basin. Put the

scraped gel in a blender and blend it to remove the lumps. Set it aside on a basin.

11
Add two (2) tablespoons of glycerin on the blended aloe vera gel as moisturizer

to the sanitizer to prevent dry skin. Add one-half ( 12 ) cup of water to lessen the
viscosity of the sanitizer. Grate and squeeze the key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia).

Add the key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) juice and zests which are the main

ingredients of the sanitizer. Put three (3) drops of essential oil to add an

appealing smell to the sanitizer. Choose the appropriate essential oil that will

blend the smell of the key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia). Mix all the ingredients

together. Stir it carefully to properly mix the ingredients. Put it into a clean

container (recycled and cleaned alcohol container) to prevent it from

evaporating. Key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer is ready to use.

12
Below are the pictures of the actual procedure in conducting the experiment.

Substances Wares
and

13
 Data Gathering Instrument

The data gathering instrument used in this experimental study was a

laboratory experiment through a solidified nutrient agar. The solidified agar was

placed into petri dishes. Wet cotton buds were rubbed to different hands which

include the hands which were unsanitary, the hand which was sanitized with the

commercial hand sanitizer, and the hands which were sanitized with key lime

(Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer. The wet cotton buds were slightly swiped

into the hardened agar in a zigzag line pattern. Each of the hardened agar were

used in three set-ups with three trials: three trials in control set-up (without hand

sanitizer), experimental set-up 1 (commercial hand sanitizer), experimental set-up

2 (key lime hand sanitizer). All of them were stocked for four (4) days to let the

bacteria grow. The number of bacteria were gathered through manual counting

using a magnifying glass.

Statistical Analysis

Table 1. Number of Bacteria Present in Each Set-up

Number of Bacteria Present in each Set-up

No. of Control Set-up Experimental Set-up 1 Experimental Set-up 2
trials (without hand (commercial hand (key-lime hand
sanitizer) sanitizer) sanitizer)
Trial 1 32 83 23
Trial 2 81 44 8
Trial 3 105 49 40
Average 73 59 24

The table above shows the number of bacteria present in a stocked

solidified nutrient agar, swabbed with wet cotton buds that were rubbed on

14
sanitized and unsanitized hands. The series of trials administered utilized a

commercial hand sanitizer referred to as experimental set-up 1, the key lime hand

sanitizer referred to as experimental set-up 2, and hands that did not used any

hand sanitizer referred to as control set-up. It shows that the average number of

bacteria present in control set-up is 73; in experimental set-up 1 is 59; and in

experimental set-up 2 is 24. This means that experimental set-up 2 has the lowest

number of bacteria present, thus it implies that the key lime hand sanitizer is more

effective to use than the commercial hand sanitizer.

15
 CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter of the study presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations

of the study.

Findings

Based from the gathered data, the following findings were revealed:

1. The control set-up (without hand sanitizer) has grown 32 bacteria in its first trial;

the experimental set-up 1 (commercial hand sanitizer) got the highest number of

grown bacteria which has 83 bacteria in its first trial; and the experimental set-up

2 (key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer) got the lowest number of grown

bacteria which has 23 bacteria in its first trial.

2. The control set-up (without hand sanitizer) got the highest number of grown

bacteria which has 81 bacteria in its second trial; the experimental set-up 1

(commercial hand sanitizer) has 44 bacteria in its second trial; and the

experimental set-up 2 (key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer) got the

lowest number of grown bacteria which has 8 bacteria in its second trial.

3. The control set-up (without hand sanitizer) got the highest number of grown

bacteria which has 105 bacteria in its third trial; the experimental set-up 1

(commercial hand sanitizer) has 49 bacteria in its third trial; and the experimental

set-up 2 (key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer) got the lowest number of

grown bacteria which has 40 bacteria in its third trial.

16
 4. The control set-up (without hand sanitizer) got the highest average number of

grown bacteria which is 73 within its three trials; the experimental set-up 1

(commercial hand sanitizer) has the average number of 59 bacteria within its three

trials; and the experimental set-up 2 (key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand

sanitizer) got the lowest average number which has 24 bacteria within its three

trials.

Conclusions

Based from the findings of this study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. On the first trial, it can be gleaned from the findings that the experimental set-up 2

(key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer) is effective in removing bacteria

compared to the experimental set-up 1 (commercial hand sanitizer) and control

set-up (without hand sanitizer).

2. On the second trial, it can be observed from the findings that the experimental set-

up 2 (key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer) has a lesser grown bacteria

compared to the control set-up (without hand sanitizer) and experimental set-up 1

(commercial hand sanitizer), which means that the key lime is effective as a

sanitizer.

3. On the third trial which recorded the highest number of grown bacteria, it

revealed based on the findings that the experimental set up-2 (key lime (Citrus

aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer) is effective in removing bacteria compared to the

experimental set-up 1 (commercial hand sanitizer) and control set-up (without

hand sanitizer).

17
 4. Based on the three trials conducted, the researchers therefore conclude that the

experimental set up-2 (key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer) is effective

in removing bacteria compared to that of a commercialized hand sanitizer. On the

other hand, without the use of hand sanitizer, there is a greater possibility that

bacteria may multiply in number.

Recommendations

Based from the conclusions of the study, the following recommendations were

formulated:

1. Key Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) Hand Sanitizer, a cheaper and a safer way of

sanitizing bare hands to remove bacteria since it only contains natural ingredients,

yet effective without alcohol content. Aside from this, the use of key lime (Citrus

aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer is highly recommended since it acts quickly to kill

microorganisms on hands though it only requires less time than hand washing and

are more accessible than sinks. Added to these benefits is the fact that hand

sanitizers that do not contain alcohol  can actually improve the texture of the skin

of hands and can address skin problem conditions such as dry skin, and could as

well moisturize hands because of its aloe vera content.

2. The school administrators and teachers shall reiterate the importance of proper

hygiene to the students of Sta. Lucia Academy, Inc. This shall be sustained as

well in their homes through the guidance of their parents.

3. The parents should further monitor their children’s proper hygiene.

18
4. The learners should know the importance of proper hygiene using the key lime

(Citrus aurantiifolia) hand sanitizer and produce other alternative products that

will serve as their aid for their proper hygiene.

5. The future researchers should be conducted to further validate the content of this

study.

19
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alexander, I. (2019, February 27). Exploitative beneficial effects of citrus fruits.

Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/books/citrus-health-benefits-and

-production-technology/exploitative-beneficial-effects-of-citrus-fruits.

Amoo, G. (2017). Knowledge and attitudes of students in Centria University of applied

sciences towards effective hand hygiene: Reduction and prevention of infection in

the university campus. Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/

handle/10024/128300/NNRNS12K%20Amoo%20Thesis.pdf?

sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

Coursehero. (n.d). Scope and limitations of the study covers how citrus fruits can be.

Retrieved from https://www.coursehero.com/file/p7nrupgo/Scope-and-

Limitations-of-the-Study-The-study-covers-how-citrus-fruits-can-be/.

Department of Health. (2010). Environmental health practitioner manual: A resource

manual for environmental health practitioners working with Aboriginal and

Torres strait islander communities. Retrieved from

https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/ publications/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-

enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l~ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch3~ohp-enhealth-

manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch3.7.

Meyer, L. (n.d.). Guacalina Nursery & Broker Retrieved from https://www. guacalina

.com /citrus/meyer-lemon.

20
Narang, N. & Jiraungkoorskul, W. (2016). Anticancer activity of key lime, citrus

aurantifolia. -pubmed-ncbi. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov /m/

pubmed /28082795/.

Query, V. (2016). The origin of modern personal hygiene standards. Retrieved from

http://theycallmeoystergirl.com/the-origin-of-modern-personal-hygiene

standards/.

Rogers, K. (2018). Hand sanitizer. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com

/topic/hand-sanitizer.

Rural Information Hub. (2019). Health promotion and disease intervention: Social

cognitive theory. Retrieved from https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/health-

promotion/2/theories-and-models/social-cognitive.

Sajjad, A., & Sajjad, S. S. (2014). Aloe vera: An ancient herb for modern dentistry-a

literature review. Retrieved from https://www.hindawi.com/ journals/jds/ 2014/

210463/.

Shulman. (2006). Hand sanitizers: Benefits and limitations. Retrieved from

https://www.canadianliving.com/health/prevention-and-recovery/article/hand-

sanitizers-benefits-and-limitations.

Wang, Z. (2014). Hand hygiene promotion: An essential strategy for preventing

foodborne disease in elementary schools. Retrieved frohttps://pdfs.semantic

scholar. org/6173/aa968a222ecaacbf015af61c75edc6e2b23a.pdf.

21
World Health Organization. (2017). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: A

summary. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/tools/who_guidelines-

handhygiene_summary.pdf.

22
 APPENDIX A
STATISTICAL TABLE

Table 1. Number of Bacteria Present in Each Set-up

Number of Bacteria Present in each Set-up

No. of Control Set-up Experimental Set-up 1 Experimental Set-up 2
trials (without hand (commercial hand (key-lime hand
sanitizer) sanitizer) sanitizer)
Trial 1 32 83 23
Trial 2 81 44 8
Trial 3 105 49 40
Average 73 59 24

23
APPENDIX B
PICTORIALS

24
 TRIAL 1

Without hand Key lime hand Commercial hand

sanitizer sanitizer sanitizer

TRIAL 2

Without hand Key lime hand Commercial hand

sanitizer sanitizer sanitizer

TRIAL 3

Without hand Key lime hand Commercial hand

sanitizer sanitizer sanitizer

25
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

GLECY R. SORIANO. She is 17 years old. She is the daughter

of Mr. George P. Soriano (+) and Mrs. Imelda R. Soriano. She currently

resides at Barangobong Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur and was born at

Barangobong Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur on April 22, 2002. Her religious

affiliation is Roman Catholic.

She finished her elementary education at Sta. Lucia North

Central School, Barangobong, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. She took her secondary education at

Sta. Lucia Academy, Barangobong, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. At present, she is currently

enrolled in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand and hopes to

become a Medical Doctor in the future.

Her vision in life is to be a successful individual in the future. To have a happy

life and to trust herself that she can pass all the struggles that she is going to face while

she is in the process of reaching her goals. Her motto in life is, “Forget the risk and take

the fall. If it’s what you want then it’s all worth it.”

26
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

EINSTEINPEL YBO G. CORTADO. He is 17 years old. He

is the son of Mr. Danny G. Cortado and Mrs. Glenda G. Cortado. He

currently resides at Calongbuyan, Candon City, Ilocos Sur and was born

at Ilocos Sur District Hospital, Sta. Lucia Chapter on July 12, 2002. His

religious affiliation is Roman Catholic.

He finished his elementary education at Calongbuyan

Elementary School, Calongbuyan, Candon City, Ilocos Sur. He took his secondary

education at Sta. Lucia Academy, Barangobong, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. At present, he is

currently enrolled in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand and

hopes to become a Civil Engineer in the future.

His vision in life is to make his family happy as they see him grow and pursue his

dreams. Also, to see everyone, especially his siblings and friends, as professionals and

have a happy life. He believes in the saying, “Believe you can, and you’re halfway

there.”

27
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

MANUEL S. DELA CRUZ JR. He is 19 years old. He is the

son of Mr. Manuel S. Dela Cruz and Mrs. Evelyn S. Dela Cruz. He

currently resides at Bao-as, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur and was born at

“Ospital ng Maynila”, City of Manila, Metro Manila on August 09, 2000.

His religious affiliation is Roman Catholic.

He finished his elementary education at Antero P. Hermosura

Elementary School, Bao-as, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. He took his secondary education at

Sta. Lucia Academy, Barangobong, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. At present, he is currently

enrolled in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand and hopes to

become a Computer Engineer in the future.

His vision in life is that everyone can access millions of information,

communicate with people from different countries and become aware of social issues. In

other words, an interconnected world. He believes in the saying that, “No man is an

island.”, because everyone has the right to know and learn everything they desire freely.

Furthermore, it is best that everyone has someone to accompany them.

28
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

DEANUVER NIANDRE F. OSANA. He is 17 years old. He is

the son of Mr. Nikita Osana and Mrs. Desiree Osana. He currently

resides at Bao-as, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur and was born at Bao-as, Sta.

Lucia, Ilocos Sur on November 30, 2002. His religious affiliation is

Roman Catholic.

He finished his elementary education at Antero P. Hermosura

Elementary School, Bao-as, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. He took his secondary education at

Sta. Lucia Academy, Barangobong, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. At present, he is currently

enrolled in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand and hopes to

become a civil engineer in the future.

His vision in life is to live a simple but successful life and to create something that

is useful to the future generation. He believes in the saying that, “God first, before

others.”

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 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

ALYSSA MAE G. CAJALNE. She is 17 years old. She is the

daughter of Mr. Edgardo H. Cajalne and Mrs. Jenefer G. Cajalne. She

currently resides at Banbanaba, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur and was born at

Banbanaba, Sta. lucia, Ilocos Sur on June 15, 2002. Her religious

affiliation is Roman Catholic.

She finished her elementary education at Don Pedro P. Festejo

Memorial School, Alincaoeg, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. She took her secondary education at

Sta. Lucia Academy, Barangobong, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. At present, she is currently

enrolled in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand and hopes to

become a Medical Technologist in the future.

Her vision in life is to live about the truth, to express her love, to stay who she is

no matter what, and to keep fighting for her dreams as a result for a happy life. She

believes in the saying, “No beauty shines brighter than a good heart.”

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 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

LYKA MARI R. CUARESMA. She is 18 years old. She is the

daughter of Mr. Larry E. Cuaresma and Mrs. Emeteria R. Cuaresma.

She currently resides at Villa Hermosa, Sta. Cruz, Ilocos Sur and was

born at Gov. Roque B. Ablan Sr. Memorial Hospital, Laoag City, Ilocos

Norte on December 08, 2001. Her religious affiliation is Roman

Catholic.

She finished her elementary education at Sta. Lucia Catholic School, Burgos, Sta.

Lucia, Ilocos Sur. She took her secondary education at Sta. Lucia Academy,

Barangobong, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. At present, she is currently enrolled in the Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand and hopes to become a Doctor in the

future.

Her vision in life is to tell other people and let them realize that there is always a

good and positive side of life that can lead them to better future. She believes in the

saying, “A quitter never wins and a winner never quits.”

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 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

KRISTINE LEANNE H. HAFALLA. She is 17 years old.

She is the daughter of Mr. Leon E. Hafalla and Mrs. Ana Elizabeth H.

Hafalla. She currently resides at Vical, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur and was

born at Resonable Hospital, Candon City, Ilocos Sur on January 19,

2003. Her religious affiliation is Roman Catholic.

She finished her elementary education at Luba Elementary

School, Luba, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. She took her secondary education at Sta. Lucia

Academy, Barangobong, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. At present, she is currently enrolled in

the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand and hopes to become a

Medical Technologist in the future.

Her vision in life is to become successful so that she can repay all the sacrifices of

her parents just to educate her. She believes in the saying, “Trust the timing of your life.”

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 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

ANGELICA G. VALDEZ. She is 17 years old. She is the

daughter of Mr. Robert Valdez and Mrs. Rowena Valdez. She currently

resides at Calaoa-an, Candon City, Ilocos Sur and was born at

Calongbuyan, Candon City, Ilocos Sur on May 22, 2002. Her religious

affiliation is Roman Catholic.

She finished her elementary education at Ayudante Elementary

School , Ayudante, Candon City, Ilocos Sur. She took her secondary education at Sta.

Lucia Academy, Barangobong, Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. At present, she is currently

enrolled in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand and hopes to

become a nurse in the future.

Her vision in life is to be the person who speaks for one that cannot, to listen for

the one that cannot hear, and see for the one without sight. She believes in the saying,

“No one ever injured their eyesight by looking on the bright side.”

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