Earth Science for Stem

Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Important Minerals to Society

CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 5
Earth Science for STEM
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Important Minerals to Society
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Annabel A. Sengco
Editors: Randie B. Atienza, Lilibeth Virtus
Reviewers: Marionel U. Briz,Francia C. Silva, Rowena C. Delgado, Gaylee G.
Masangcay, Cyrus T. Festijo, Rowena D. Cabanding
Illustrator: Patrick Lemeul V. Reyes
Layout Artist: Paulina S. Crescini
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Job S. Zape Jr.
Ramonito O. Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Sacoro R. Comia
Fe M. Fallurin
Marieta N. Perez

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Earth Science for STEM
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Important Minerals to Society
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the minerals important to society; and
2. explain the uses of the minerals that are important to society.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following demonstrates importance of minerals in construction?

a. Water is used in curing works that strengthen concrete.
b. Builders use wood materials like plywood in construction.
c. Concrete which contains minerals is used to lay down foundation in
construction
d. All the above
2. How does society utilize quartz as one of the important minerals?
a. Medical practitioners use quartz in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
b. In agriculture, quartz is the most important components of fertilizer.
c. In constructions, engineers use glass made of quartz as window or wall
panels.
d. In mining, quartz is used as cutting tool for other mineral extractions.
3. Why is Titanium an important mineral in medical industry?
a. It is non-allergenic metal which makes it suitable for prosthetics.
b. Its durability and weight make it an effective choice for surgical
instruments.
c. Titanium’s biocompatibility makes it safe for dental implants.
d. All of the above
4. How does toothpaste help in fighting tooth decay?
a. It contains calcium which is the building blocks of strong teeth.
b. Calcium carbonate found in toothpaste helps in removing plaque and
stains.
c. Its active ingredient, Fluoride, protects teeth from acids that are formed
in the mouth.
d. Sodium in Sodium lauryl sulfate which is also found in toothpaste
protects teeth from gum disease.

5. In cosmetic products, colored mineral is very important. Which mineral is

usually used for red lipstick?
a. Aluminite
b. Bauxite
c. Galena
d. Hematite

6. Desert rose is very important in making cement because:

a. It contains mineral gypsum.
b. It contains mineral limestone.
c. It contains carbonates mineral.
d. All the above

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7. Why is chromium an important mineral in structural manufacturing industry?
a. Compound of chromium is used in making pigments for paintings.
b. Chromium produces compound that is used in making plastics and
textiles.
c. When mixed with iron, the alloy produced forms stainless steel that is
resistant to rust.
d. All of the above

8. Zinc oxide is best barrier against ultraviolet rays. In which product is it most
likely used?
a. Antifungal cream
b. Lotion
c. Swimming pool water
d. Textile making

9. Which of the following elemental mineral is used by nuclear plant to generate

electricity?
a. Cobalt-200
b. Neptunium-180
c. Thorium-238
d. Uranium-235

10. Which of the following metals are mainly needed for aircraft components
because they are light and durable?
a. Aluminum
b. Chromium
c. Nickel
d. Steel

11. Which of the following are the uses of minerals?

I. Development of industrial plants and machinery
II. Construction and housing settlements
III. Energy generation
IV. Medicinal system
a. I and II
b. II and III
c. III and IV
d. I, II, III, and IV
12. Silicon is not a metal but is a good conductor. In which products do you expect
Silicon to be used with this property?
a. Fiber glass
b. Electric circuits
c. LCD displays
d. Rubber
13. Overtime soil loses its fertility due to farming activities. To maintain the
productivity of farming lands, nutrients are replenished by adding fertilizer
made primarily of:
a. aluminum, iron and copper
b. potassium, nitrogen, and carbon
c. calcium, magnesium and potassium
d. potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen

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14. Silver is more conductive than copper. In spite of this, why do you think
copper is commonly used as electrical wirings than silver?
a. Copper is harder than silver.
b. Copper is cheaper than silver.
c. Copper is more malleable than silver.
d. Copper is more abundant than silver.

15. Daniel, a 40-year-old factory worker, recently learned that zinc is a common
mineral that is essential to keep a healthy human body. He then decided to
take supplements with zinc. How does Zinc help Daniel in keeping his body
healthy?
a. It keeps the skin healthy and radiant.
b. It is essential for the immune system to properly work.
c. It regulates cell division and tissue repair in wounds.
d. It is important in building tissue for growth and development.

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 Lesson
Important Minerals to
5 Society
This lesson contains significant activities in which you will be able to identify the
different minerals important to society. At the end of this lesson, you can identify
these common minerals and their uses.

What’s In

In the previous module, you learned the different types of rocks such as igneous
rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock. Found within the rocks, deep under
the Earth, are minerals that people extract for everyday use. These minerals are very
vital for our everyday living and for our nation building.

In this lesson, you will recognize some common minerals that are vital to
society.

Notes to the Teacher

Hello dear teachers, this module may be used by learners with
minimal supervision. The activities included are suitable for their
level and capacity. As pre-requisite to this module, make sure that
the learners had finished the previous two modules on minerals
and rocks. Thank you.

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 What’s New

Based on the picture, can you identify the minerals present in the kitchen? List
down as many minerals as you can.

Kitchen Object Mineral/s Present

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Guide Questions:

1. What minerals do you think are common in this kitchen?

2. Can you possibly think of alternative materials other than minerals to make
up all the equipment and wares in this kitchen?
3. Do you think minerals are really important to society? Why?

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 What is It

Minerals are important to society. In small scale, let’s think of some ways that
will help you to realize that you are actually using them every day.

In households, we use toothpaste that contains fluoride from fluorite mineral.

It prevents tooth decay by protecting teeth from acids in the mouth. Face powder
contains talc – the softest mineral. In the kitchen, salts are commonly used to
enhance the flavor of our food. Stainless kitchen wares that are less reactive to food,
durable and non-corrosive, contain mostly of alloy of iron and chromium while other
kitchen wares like casserole are made of aluminum – a durable metal, corrosion
resistant and a better conductor of heat and lighter than stainless steel. Moreover,
minerals such as silicon, silver, and gold are used as components of gadgets like
cellphones and computers. Copper is the mostly used electrical wiring because it is
less expensive.

In construction, skyscrapers that

tower up to 50 stories high use durable
materials like iron steel – a combination
of iron and carbon and concrete that
contains limestone, lime, and chalk that
make them strong and stand still against
strong wind and earthquake. They also
use glass made of silica or quartz. Floors
are made up of granite and marbles.
Aluminum is used in window and door
panels.

Titanium is a strong but very light

metal and is used in making medical and
.dental tools. It is also known for its
biocompatibility which makes it
important in prosthetics and in dental
implants. In taking care of our dental
health, dentists use many tools
appropriate for a purpose. There are also
lots of other minerals that they use for
cleaning and surgery. Examples are
gypsum in plaster cast, and alloys like
stainless steel that is primarily composed
of iron, chromium, and carbon in their
tools.

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 Minerals are also important for
generation of power and electricity.
In nuclear power plant, radioactive
minerals like Uranium are used as source
of heat to run a nuclear reactor and
generate electricity. On the hand, batteries
for electric cars need minerals like
lithium, cobalt, and nickel. In producing
dry cell batteries, zinc and carbon are
used on its electrodes while cadmium,
carbon, lead, and nickel are also used to
manufacture different dry cell.

In agriculture, NPK Fertilizers

contain vital minerals for the plant to
grow healthy. These minerals include
nitrogen, phosphorous, and
potassium.

Moreover, minerals like lime are

also used to lower the acidity of the soil.

For our health, the

pharmaceutical industry manufactures
supplements that contain many
essential minerals that keep us strong
and healthy like Calcium that helps
body in developing strong and healthy
bones, Magnesium and Zinc that are
essential in improving health by helping
our immune system to function
properly.

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Other minerals that are used by the society are the following:

Mineral Name Description/Property Uses

• important material in
• also known as “China clay” the manufacture of
Kaolinite
• Soft and white porcelain, paper,
rubber, and paint
• Red iron ore with high iron • as pigmenting agent
content • used in preparations
for heavy media
Hematite
separation, radiation
shielding, ballast, and
as a minor gemstone.
• flat, translucent and elastic • ingredient in makeup
Mica mineral and various cosmetics.
• contains high amount of silica
• semiprecious stone with deep blue
Lapis lazuli • widely used as
color
(rock) gemstone
• contains lazurite mineral
• natural form of Calcium • used as ingredient in
carbonate manufacture of cement
Calcite
• constitutes the sedimentary rock • used as flux in
Limestone metallurgical processes
• translucent and has a vitreous to • used as gemstone
Garnet resinous lusters • used widely as an
abrasive
• has patterned appearance, • used as gemstone
Serpentine slippery and colored green • as stone decoration in
architecture
• a silica mineral with variety of • used as gemstone and
colors from the yellows and reds as abrasives,
Opal due to impurities. insulation media,
fillers, and ceramic
ingredients.
• composed of transparent red
Ruby corundum mineral • used as gemstone in
(gemstone) • with deep cochineal to pale rose any kind of jewelry
red color
Emerald • variety of beryl mineral with • used as gemstone in
(gemstone) grass-green color any kind of jewelry

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 What’s More

Mineral Hunting!

Find 10 minerals hidden in the puzzle that are used in the following objects shown
in the pictures. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (Note: For minerals that
are not presented in the discussion above, you may refer to internet.)

Picture 1

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Picture 2

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 What I Have Learned

A. Complete the table below.

GIVE
Sector
ME

Mineral
1 used in
Energy 1.

Mineral 1.
2 used in
Medicine
2.
1.
Mineral
3 used in
Agriculture 2.
3.
1.

Mineral 2.
4 used in
Construction
3.
4.
1.
2.
Mineral
5 used in
Household 3.
4.
5.

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B. Give the uses of the following minerals in the society.

Mineral Uses/Importance

Halite (Salt)

Granite

Quartz

Gold

Aluminum

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 What I Can Do

A book like in the picture below contains writings and pictures made by black
or colored ink. The paper itself and the ink are made from different minerals. Can
you name some minerals that are used to complete this book? Write the answers on
your answer sheet.

Black ink:
Colored ink:

Glossy paper:

1.Colored Ink
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Black Ink

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Glossy Paper

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following are the uses of minerals?

I. Power generation
II. Construction and buildings
III. Medicine and Dentistry
IV. Agriculture
a. I and II
b. II and III
c. III and IV
d. I, II, III, and IV

2. Over time, different types of batteries are developed, produced, and used by
society. Minerals below are extensively used in the production of these
batteries.
I. Lead
II. Cobalt
III. Nickel
IV. Zinc
Which among the minerals are used in electric car batteries?
a. I and II
b. II and III
c. III and IV
d. I and IV

3. Minerals are not only used in manufacturing industry. Common households

also make use of minerals for everyday use. Which of the statement best
describes minerals as important part of a household?
a. Danny uses earthen oven to boil water.
b. Linda uses salt in enhancing flavors of the food.
c. Vella uses toothpaste to prevent tooth decay.
d. All of the above

4. Copper is a good conductor of electricity and is less corrosive, therefore it is

best used for _______________.
a. Cooking
b. Electrical wiring
c. Plumbing
d. All of the above

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5. Although gold is generally known in jewelries industry, they are also used in
other products like cellphones and computers. What characteristics of gold is
important for this purpose?
a. Good conductor
b. Less Corrosive
c. Metallic
d. All of the above

6. Why is Titanium widely used in prosthetics over plastic, wood, and rubber?
a. Titanium alloy is cheaper over other materials.
b. Prostheses made of Titanium is easy to produce.
c. Titanium has biocompatibility which makes it suitable for implants.
d. Titanium alloys are lighter compared to plastic, wood, and rubber.

7. Plaster: gypsum; Toothpaste: ___________

a. Fluorite
b. Gold
c. Sodium
d. Mercury

8. How does society benefit from using kitchen wares made of aluminum over
other materials such as iron cast and stainless steel?
I. Aluminum is lighter that stainless steel and iron.
II. Aluminum is stronger than stainless steel and iron.
III. Aluminum is less reactive to food than stainless steel.
IV. Aluminum has a higher corrosion resistance than stainless steel
and iron.

a. I and II are true; III and IV are false.

b. I and III are true; II and IV are false.
c. I and IV are true; II and III are false.
d. All statements are true.

9. The paper used in magazine cover are specially made to be glossy and smooth.
What mineral gives this kind of paper a glossy look?
a. Diamond powder
b. Gold bits
c. Kaolin clay
d. Whale fat

10. At a young age, Eve has developed rickets, a condition that affects bone
development in children. She experiences bone pain and has soft and weak
bones that lead to bone deformities. Which mineral is Eve lacking for her bone
condition?
a. Calcium
b. Iron
c. Magnesium
d. Zinc

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11. Which property of Aluminum makes it useful in making aircraft?
a. Light
b. Durable
c. Less corrosive
d. All of the above

12. Graphite is one of many forms of carbon with crystalline structure that allows
layers to slide over each other easily. In which product is graphite commonly
used because of this property?
a. Ink
b. Paper
c. Pencil
d. Carbon paper

13. Silicon is not a metal but is a good conductor. In which products do you expect
Silicon to be used with this property?
a. Fiber glass
b. Electric circuits
c. LCD displays
d. Rubber

14. Which set of minerals are necessary in making fertilizer?

a. aluminum, iron and copper
b. potassium, nitrogen, and carbon
c. calcium, magnesium and potassium
d. potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen

15. Uranium is a heavy radioactive element from mineral uraninite. Although

uranium is radioactive which makes it harmful to human upon exposure, it is
very useful to society because it is important in _____________.
a. food production
b. generation of electricity
c. cleaning of coastal water
d. decomposition of solid waste

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 Additional Activities

Philippines is one of the leading exporters of important minerals that are used in
many industries. Can you name two of these minerals? Locate the areas where the
minerals are mined and identify their uses. Use a graphic organizer in presenting
your output. Refer to the rubric below in accomplishing this task.

Rubric

Needs
Very Satisfactory Satisfactory
Key elements Improvement
(5 points) (3 points)
(1 point)
Content • Minerals identified Only one of the None of the
belong to the top indicators is indicators is
exported minerals by evident. evident.
the country.
• Information about
the minerals is
based on facts and
valid.
Organization • Details are presented Only two of the Only one of
in a graphic indicators are the indicators
organizer. evident. is evident.
• Appropriate
labels/caption are
used to showcase
information.
• Organization
enhances the over-
all presentation.
Convention • A standard writing Only two of the Only one of
convention such as indicators are the indicators
but not limited to evident. is evident.
spelling,
capitalization,
grammar, and
paragraphing is
correctly
demonstrated.
• Writing convention
enhances
readability.
• Error is minimal to
only two.

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 Module 5
CO_Q1_ESS SHS 19
What I Know What’s more Assessment
1. C Picture 1: Picture 2: 1. D
2. C 2. B
3. D a. Diamond a. Calcite 3. D
4. C b. Silver b. Gold 4. B
5. D c. Gold c. Hematite 5. D
6. A d. Copper d. Kaolinite 6. C
7. C e. Chromium e. Lapis lazuli 7. A
8. B f. Emerald f. Mica 8. C
9. D g. Ruby g. Silica 9. C
10. A h. Opal h. Talc 10. A
11. D i. Serpentine i. Titanium 11. D
12. B j. Garnet j. Zinc 12. C
13. D 13. B
14. B 14. D
15. B 15. B
Answer Key
References

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia. "Emerald." Encyclopedia Britannica,

December 3, 2020. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://www.britannica.
com/topic/emerald-gemstone.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. "Kaolin". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Feb.
2019. Accessed August 12, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/
science/kaolin.
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia. "Kaolinite." Encyclopedia Britannica, January
25, 2018. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://www.britannica.
com/science/kaolinite.
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia. "Lapis lazuli." Encyclopedia Britannica, June
20, 2013. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://www.britannica.
com/topic/lapis-lazuli.
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia. "Opal." Encyclopedia Britannica, March 26,
2021. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://www.britannica. com/science/opal.

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia. "Ruby." Encyclopedia Britannica, April 16,

2020. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/topic/ruby.

Commission on Higher Education. Teaching guide for Senior High School: Earth
Science Core Subject. Quezon City: CHED, 2016.
“Construction minerals.” Minerals UK: Center for Sustainable Mineral development.
British Geological Survey. Accessed May 21, 2020.
https://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsUK/planning/construction.html
Dietrich, R.. "Calcite." Encyclopedia Britannica, April 25, 2013. Accessed August 15,
2021. https://www.britannica.com/science/calcite.

Dietrich, R.. "Garnet." Encyclopedia Britannica, January 24, 2020. Accessed August
15, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/science/garnet.
“Fertilizer 101: The Big 3 - Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium.” The Fertilizer
Institute. Accessed May 21, 2020. https://www.tfi.org/the-feed/fertilizer-
101-big-3-nitrogen-phosphorus-and-potassium
Friedman, H. “The Gemstone Ruby” Minerals.net. Accessed August 15, 2021.
https://www.minerals.net/gemstone/ruby_gemstone.aspx
King, H. “Hematite”. Geology.com. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://geology.com/
minerals /hematite.shtml

King, H. “Garnet”. Geology.com. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://geology.com/

minerals/hematite.shtml

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Kogler, G. “Materials and Technology.” Musculoskeletal Key. Accessed August 12,
2021. https://musculoskeletalkey.com/materials-and-technology/
Jones, O., and Selinger, B. “The chemistry of cosmetics.” Australian Academy of
Science. Accessed May 21, 2020.
https://www.science.org.au/curious/people-medicine/chemistry-cosmetics
Pawlikowski, M., and Hreska, M.“Use of Minerals as Ingredients in Cosmetics”.
Cosmetology & Oro Facial Surgery 4, no. 1 (2018). (1000126). Accessed May
21, 2020. https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/use-of-minerals-as-
ingredients-in-cosmetics-99371.html
“Precious metals and other important minerals for health.” Harvard Health
Publishing. Harvard Medical School. Accessed May 21, 2020.
https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/precious-metals-and-
other-important-minerals-for-health
“Rickets and osteomalacia” NHS. Accessed August 12, 2021. https://www.nhs.uk/
conditions/rickets-and-osteomalacia/
Sidambe, A. (2014). Biocompatibility of Advanced Manufactured Titanium
Implants—A Review. Materials, 7, 8168-8188. doi:10.3390/ma7128168
Accessed August 12, 2021.
“Structure and Properties of Cast Dental Alloys.” Pocket Dentistry: Fastest Clinical
Dentistry Insight Engine. Accessed May 21, 2020.
https://pocketdentistry.com/structure-and-properties-of-cast-dental-
alloys-2/
“Uses of Mica”. BYJU’S.com Accessed August 15, 2021. https://byjus.com/
chemistry/uses-of-mica/

“The Top 10 Metals And Minerals Powering Your Mobile Phone.” Austmine. Accessed
May 21, 2020. http://www.austmine.com.au/News/category/articles-
editorials/the-top-10-metals-and-minerals-powering-your-mobile-phone

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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